UNEP-ETB Launch MeetingIntegrated Assessment of Trade Related Policies

Geneva July 15 2005

agricultural biodiversity

indicators and assessment

methods

A synopsis of selected FAO work on

Context: FAO Work on Agricultural Biodiversity

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Rome

1. CGRFA supported FAO’s lead role on agricultural biodiversity indicators

2. International Treaty on PGRFA: conservation & sustainable use of PGRFA, fair & equitable sharing of benefits

-maintaining diverse farming system

-increasing availability of genetic diversity

-promoting local and locally adapted crops

- supporting diversity on farm

Context: FAO Work on Agricultural Biodiversity

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Rome

FAO invited by Executive Secretary of CBD to:• Support development of PoW AgBD (COP V/5)

ongoing and planned assessments of different components of ag. biodiversity

• Develop indicators to monitor and assess status and trends of ag. biodiversity (COP V/5; VI/5)

• Facilitate stakeholder consultation for targets for global strategy for plant conservation (COP VI/9)

• Identify & develop appropriate indicators for progress towards 2010 target. (COP VII/30)

Examples : FAO work on indicators Thematic Background Study for the preparation of the Second State of

the World's Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Indicators of genetic diversity, genetic erosion, genetic vulnerability)

Development of indicators for monitoring the progress of the Global Plan of Action for the Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

Preparation of the First State of the Worlds Animal Genetic Resources

Indicators for sustainable development of marine capture fisheries

Criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management

Using Markets to Promote the Sustainable Utilization of Crop Genetic

Diversity: Assessing the impacts of diversity in the

seed supply system on agricultural diversity and farm welfare

Research questions:

How to measure crop genetic diversity in the seed supply system?

What is the relationship between diversity in the supply system and on farm diversity and welfare?

What are the key determinants of diversity in the supply system?

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Rome

EX SITU GENE BANKS

International Public Ag. R& D Institutes

International Private Ag. R&D and seed

companies

NARS Variety development evaluation & release

FO

RM

AL

SY

ST

EM

DETERMINANT OF PERFORMANCE?

INF

OR

MA

L S

YS

TE

M

NON-COMMERCIAL SEED SECTOR NGOs; Emergency seed

COMMERCIAL SEED SECTOR Extension packages; NGOs; State Seed

Suppliers; Brokers

LOCAL MARKET: FORMAL & INFORMAL

Demand: farmers purchasing seed or grain for seed with cashSupply: Local production, commercial traders, brokers, petty traders, state authoritiesPERFORMANCE MEASURES: PRICES, QUANTITIES, COSTS, DIVERSITY

IMPACT ON LIVELIHOOD DIVERSITY

DETERMINANT OF PERFORMANCE?

FARM

FARM

FARMFARM

FARM

FARM

NON MARKET INFORMAL: informal farmer to farmer exchange; NGOs

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Rome

1. Level of diversity

2. Information

3. Costs

Local Market Measures of:

Availability (supply)

Welfare:Wealth, Diet, Resilience

On farm diversity

utilization

Demand

Farm HH characteristics

Private values: Diversity of genetic “services” provided Dietary and farm consumption Risk management Agricultural Productivity

Public values: Pest and disease resistance Preservation of evolutionary process Preservation of knowledge

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Rome

Assessing the impact of diversity in supply on private and public on-farm values

Measuring crop genetic diversity: Issues

Translating across scales – market to farm

Temporal vs. spatial diversity Capturing both private and public

values Attributes Agro-morphological characteristics Molecular

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Rome

Assessing policy impact: link to UNEP-ETB work

Agricultural input and output market policies Seed sector regulations Emergency seed relief Commercialization – “supermarkets” Trade?

Qualitative and quantitative assessment Sample design Time series Both ex ante and ex post

1. Level of diversity

2. Information

3. Costs

Changes in Local Market Measures of:

Availability

Change in:quantities

breedsinformation

costs

Policy/Intervention

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Rome

Planned Outputs Methodology development

Measuring CG diversity & access in seed supply system

Assessment of impact of diversity in supply system on farm outcomes

Assessment of policy on diversity access

Case studies Mali: sorghum, millet, maize Kenya: sorghum, pigeonpea, maize India: sorghum, millet, Mexico: maize Bolivia: potatoes Mozambique: tobacco, maize

Planned Outputs

Cross-country database on markets, genetic diversity and household welfare

Policy-makers’ guide: managing markets for the sustainable utilization of plant genetic resources

Training and capacity building

UNEP-ETB Launch MeetingIntegrated Assessment of Trade Related Policies

Geneva July 15 2005

Thank You