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Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, ©2006 Fujitsu Network Communications
Understanding Mobile Backhaul
Randy Eisenach
Fujitsu Network Communications
2Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, ©2006 Fujitsu Network Communications
Agenda
Wireless backhaul architecture
Understanding spectrum & transport requirements
Latency / Jitter – they still matter
Multi-protocol solution
Shifting your focus
3Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, ©2006 Fujitsu Network Communications
Typical 2G/2.5G GSM Network
BTS Base Transceiver Station
BSC Base Station Controller
MSC Mobile Switching Center
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
BTS
MSC
BSC
GMSC
Abis
BSC
BSC
A
A
MSC
MSC
BSC
BSC
PSTN
SGSN
GGSNInternet
Gb
A
4Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, ©2006 Fujitsu Network Communications
Physical Interface Requirements
BSC
MSC
SGSN
Abis
A
Gb
2G / 2.5G GSM
RNC
MSC/MGW
3G SGSN
Iub
Iu-cs
Iu-ps
3G UMTS/HSDPA
BTS
BTS
BTS
Node B
Node B
Node B
TS 25.411ATM / TDM – DS1 to OC-12Iu-b, Iu-cs, Iu-psUMTS
TS 48.014TDM - T1/E1Gb
TS 48.004TDM - T1/E1A
TS 48.054TDM - T1/E1AbisGSM
StandardPhysical Layer SpecInterfaceTechnology
Note: Native Ethernet interfaces on NodeB / RNC not expected until mid ‘08
5Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, ©2006 Fujitsu Network Communications
Wireless Capacity Requirements
Cell tower transport requirementsTypical – copper fed T1s (1 to 4)
2.5G / 3G data requirements – growing but still modest
Spectrum & spectral efficiency determine ultimate capacity
3 sector cell
Spectrum Example
GSM 2G
1.2 Mhz
GSM/Edge 2.75G3.5 Mhz
voice
voice+data
UMTS/HSDPA 3G5 Mhz
data
6Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, ©2006 Fujitsu Network Communications
Wireless Capacity Requirements (con.)
GSM Spectral Efficiency - example200 KHz carrier frequency channels
• 8 timeslots per channel
• 13 Kb/s voice codec
• = 104 Kb/s voice traffic
0.52 bit/s/Hz
Typical Cell Tower Requirements1 – 4 T1s per cell tower (per carrier) is common
US - Only 15%US - Only 15%
of handsetsof handsets
are 3Gare 3G
capablecapableBusinessweek, June ‘07
iPhone / EDGE
1319.565%3205HSDPA 3G
45.75%310.522.31.2GSM / Edge 2.75G
11.265%30.521.2GSM 2G
# T1s
Total
bandwidth
(Mb/s)Traffic Eng
% Peak
#
sectors
Data
efficiency
(bit/s/Hz)
Voice
Spectral
Efficiency
(bit/s/Hz)
Data
Spectrum
(MHz)
Voice
Spectrum
(MHz)
Wireless Capacity Requirements
7Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, ©2006 Fujitsu Network Communications
Mobile – Historical reliance on TDM
2G / 3G standards specified TDM physical layer
Modest bandwidth requirements1 – 4 T1s per cell site
Cell tower accesscopper fed T1s widely available to cell tower site
• Conversely, only ~7% cell towers have fiber access
• Hard to justify fiber construction for 1 – 4 T1s
T1s prices have declined from $1500/mo to $300/mo
EthernetLack of carrier grade Ethernet service offerings
• Ethernet over Copper
Latency, Jitter, Availability – They Still Matter
175,000 cell sites in the US
most only need 1 – 4 T1s
approx. 7% have fiber
~ 12,000 towers
Eng
ak
Total
bandwidth
(Mb/s) # T1s
1.2 1
5.7 4
19.5 13
8Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, ©2006 Fujitsu Network Communications
Latency, Jitter, Availability – They Still Matter!
NoteMany “carrier grade” Ethernet platforms meeting much more stringent performance targets than MEF
Delay
Parameter
<5 ms
Mobile
Target
Jitter 1 ms
Availability 99.999%< 5.3 min/yr
MEF Spec
<25 ms
<10 ms
99.95%< 263 min/yr
TDM /
SONET
<100 us
<3.2 us
99.999%< 5.3 min/yr
9Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, ©2006 Fujitsu Network Communications
Circuit Emulation Trade-offs
DS1 circuit emulationTrade off between delay & efficiency
• Packetization delay, jitter buffer delay, network delay
- Low delay
- Low efficiency193 bits
T1 Frame
Hdr Data FCSIFG SDPreamble
> 72 Bytes12 bytesworth
125 us - Longer delays
- Improved efficiency
T1 Frames
193 bits 193 bits 193 bits
Hdr Data FCSIFG SDPreamble
> 72 Bytes12 bytesworth
2. 94 Mb/s52%4
BandwidthEfficiencyFrames
6.40 Mb/s24%1
2.37 Mb/s65%8
Circuit Emulation Efficiency (typ)JitterBuffer
51080
Buffer Delay
(ms)
Max Ntwrk
Jitter (ms)
Buffer Size
(frames)
51080
Buffer Delay
(ms)
Max Ntwrk
Jitter (ms)
Buffer Size
(frames)
10Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, ©2006 Fujitsu Network Communications
Observations
Wireless Backhaul SummaryBandwidth
• increasing, but still modest
• 4G LTE (Yr 2011/12) – bandwidth requirements get interesting
Heavy reliance on T1s
• Multi-protocol world – T1s will be in network for 15 to 20 years
• Many mobile wireless service providers require a TDM transport solution
Ethernet / Circuit Emulation
• Carrier grade Ethernet solutions emerging
• Latency, jitter, availability, protection– these matter to your customers
• Ethernet will grow as native Ethernet interfaces on 3G / 4G base stations are deployed
• T1 circuit emulation best when network is mostly Ethernet with a few T1 ports
Maybe what’s needed ……
• Hybrid TDM/Ethernet platform
• Flexible mix of TDM / Ethernet capacity
11Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, ©2006 Fujitsu Network Communications
Multi-protocol Solutions
Mobile Wireless Customer ARequires TDM transport – Hybrid TDM/Ethernet solution
BSC/RNC
MSC/MGW
SGSN
GSM
T1
10/100
FW4100ES
UMTS
UMTS / 4G
T1 FW4100
T110/100
FW4100
T1
10/100
Mobile Wireless Customer BComfortable with Ethernet only implementation
BSC/RNC
MSC/MGW
SGSN
GSM
T1 CES
10/100
UMTS
UMTS / 4G
T1
T1 CES10/100
T1 CES
10/100
MPLSOpt. Eth
Opt. EthEth
12Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, ©2006 Fujitsu Network Communications
Fujitsu Solutions
Fujitsu Experience+3,000 cell sites connected via multi-serviceTDM/Ethernet platforms
None are pure “optical Ethernet”
Fujitsu FLASHWAVE 4100 / 4100 ESTraditional TDM services DS1 to OC-12
Carrier grade Ethernet services
• 10/100BT, 100FX, GigE
• MEF Certified
TDM / Ethernet multi-service hybrid platform
Provisionable bandwidth mix between TDM &Ethernet services – you decide the split
Temperature hardened for OSP applications
Multiple indoor and outdoor cabinet options
Slashes the cost of service delivery to cell sites
FLASHWAVE 4100 LS
FLASHWAVE 4100 ES
13Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, ©2006 Fujitsu Network Communications
Typical Mobile Backhaul Application
MTSO
FLASHWAVE 4100
FLASHWAVE 4100 ES
FLASHWAVE 4100 ES
FLASHWAVE 4100 ES
Pt - Pt
Microwave
FLASHWAVE
4100 ES
14Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, ©2006 Fujitsu Network Communications
Shifting your focus…
Core mobile wireless network15 dedicated SONET rings
• OC-48
• OC-12
Need to reduce cost, improveservice flexibility
MSC
Wireline Telco CO
12 R ings OC - 48
3 R ings OC - 12
15Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, ©2006 Fujitsu Network Communications
Network Design
Overlay ROADM network65% of traffic moved could moveto a single metro DWDM network
• Lower network costs
• Lower operational costs
• Improved service flexibility
• Improved service response
FLASHWAVE 7500
16Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, ©2006 Fujitsu Network Communications
Summary
Mobile wireless backhaulHistorical reliance on T1 TDM services
Cell tower bandwidths growing, but still modest
Ethernet vs TDMReality - we live in a multi-protocol world
Don’t be surprised if wireless customers require TDM transport services
• Latency, Jitter, Protection Switching, Availability – they still matter
• T1 CES - delay / efficiency issues
• Ethernet will grow, as base stations support native Ethernet interfaces
TDM & Ethernet hybrid provides the optimal solutionFlexible “fusion” of both services
Shift your focusMobile core networks
17Fujitsu Proprietary and Confidential All Rights Reserved, ©2006 Fujitsu Network Communications