Ulangkaji Pra Spm 2013

Sodium chloride solutionLarutan natrium klorida

Carbon electrode XElektrod karbon X

A

Carbon electrode YKarbon elektrod Y

3 Diagram 3 shows the set up of apparatus to investigate the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji elektrolisis larutan natrium klorida. Gas yang terkumpul pada elektrod Y berwarna kuning dan melunturkan warna kertas litmus biru lembab.

Diagram 3 Rajah 3

(a) (i) What is meant by anion?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan anion?

…………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

(ii) Write the formulae for all anions that are present in sodium chloride solution.Tuliskan formula bagi semua anion yang hadir dalam larutan natrium klorida.

…………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

(iii) The gas collected at electrode X decolourises a damp blue litmus paper. Name the gas.Gas yang terkumpul pada elektrod X melunturkan kertas litmus biru lembap. Namakan gas itu.

Greenish yellow gasGas berwarna kuning kehijauan

………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

(b) By referring to diagram 3 ,Dengan merujuk kepada Rajah 3 ,

(i) Which electrode is the cathode ?Elektrod yang manakah merupakan katod ?

…………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]

(ii) Write the half-equation for the reaction at the cathode.Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas di katod.

……………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

(iii) Describe a test to identify the gas collected at the cathode.Huraikan satu ujian untuk mengenalpasti gas yang terkumpul di katod.

……………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………….[2 marks]

(c) The experiment is repeated by using 0.001 mol dm-3 sodium chloride solution.Eksperimen ini diulangi dengan menggunakan larutan natrium klorida 0.001 mol dm-3

(i) Name the ion that is selectively discharged at the anode.Namakan ion yang didiscas secara pilihan di anod.

…………………………………………………………………………[ 1 mark]

(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (c)(i)Beri alasan bagi jawapan anda di (c)(i)

…………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………[ 1 mark]

(iii) Name the gas collected at the anode.Namakan gas yang terkumpul di anod.

…………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

3 Table 3 shows the description and observation for two experiments, I and II.Rajah 3 menunjukkan huraian dan pemerhatian untuk dua eksperimen, I dan II.

Exp. Description ObservationI Electrolysis of 0.01 mol dm-3

copper(II) chloride solution using carbon electrodes.

Gas bubbles are released at the anode.

II Electrolysis of 1.0 mol dm-3 copper(II) chloride solution using carbon electrodes.

Gas bubbles are released at the anode.

Table 3 (a) Based on Experiment I :

Berdasarkan Eksperimen 1:

(i) Draw the set-up of the apparatus to carry out this experiment.In your diagram, show how the product at the anode is collected.Lukis gambar rajah susunan radas untuk menjalankan eksperimen ini.Dalam rajah anda, tunjukkan bagaimana hasil di anod dikumpulkan.

[3 marks]

(ii) State how you would verify that the gas released at the anode is oxygen.Nyatakan bagaimana anda mengesahkan bahawa gas yang terhasil di anod adalah oksigen.

.................................................................................................……………… .............................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(iii) Explain how oxygen gas is produced at the anode.Terangkan bagaimana gas oksigen dihasilkan di anod.

...........................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................[2 marks]

(b) Based on Experiment II:Berdasarkan Eksperimen II:

(i) Write the formulae of ions that are attracted to the anode.Tuliskan formula bagi ion-ion yang tertarik ke anod.

.................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark]

(ii) State the ion that is selected to be discharged at the anode. Explain your answer.Nyatakan ion yang dipilih untuk didiscas di anod. Terangkan jawapan anda.

..........................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................... [ 2 marks]

(iii) Write the half equation for the reaction at the anode.Tuliskan setengah persamaan untuk tindak balas di anod.

.............................................................................................................................. [ 1 mark]

Propene, C3H6Propena

Substance S and gas TBahan S dan gas T

Substance PBahan P

Substance QBahan Q

Substance RBahan R

5 Diagram 5 shows the flow chart of a series of reactions undergone by propene.Rajah 5 menunjukkan carta alir siri tindakbalas yang dialami oleh propena.

Diagram 5Rajah 5

(a) Name the homologous series of propene.Namakan siri homolog untuk propena

.......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(b) Draw the structural formula of substance P.Lukiskan formula struktur bahan P.

[1 mark](c) Propene is burnt completely in air to produce substance S and gas T.

Propena dibakar lengkap dalam udara untuk menghasilkan bahan S dan gas T .

(i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction. Tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk tindakbalas.

..................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(ii) State a chemical test to identify the gas T.Nyatakan satu ujian kimia untuk mengenalpasti gas T.

HydrationPenghidratan

KMnO4 + H2SO4

Process I Process I

Combustion Pembakaran Process II

Process II

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

(d) Draw the set up of apparatus used in Process I. Lukiskan susunan alat radas yang digunakan dalam proses I .

[2 marks]

(e) Name another chemical that can be used to replace acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution in Process I .Namakan bahan kimia lain yang boleh digunakan untuk menggantikan larutan kalium mangganat (VII) berasid dalam proses I .

............................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(f) Based on Process II,Berdasarkan Proses II,

(i) write the chemical formula of substance R.tulis formula kimia bahan R

.................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(ii) what would be observed when substance R is added to the water? apakah yang akan diperhatikan apabila sebatian R ditambah kepada air ?

.................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

Rusting of iron is a redox reaction which can occurs naturally.Pengaratan besi adalah suatu tindak balas redoks yang boleh berlaku secara

semulajadi.

6

(a) What is redox reaction.Apakah tindakbalas redoks.

............................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(b) State the conditions for iron rust naturallyNyatakan keadaan untuk besi berkarat secara semulajadi.

............................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(c) Iron undergoes oxidation reaction during rusting .Write half equation for the oxidation of iron.

Besi mengalami pengoksidaan semasa berkarat. Tuliskan setengah persamaan untuk pengoksidaan besi..

............................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(d) Draw a labeled diagram for rusting of iron to show how the condition of rusting of iron involves the flow of electron, negative pole and positive pole.

Lukiskan gambarajah berlabel bagi proses pengaratan besi yang menunjukkan bagaimana syarat untuk pengaratan besi melibatkan pengaliran elektron, kutub negatif dan kutub positif.

[3marks](e) Describe the transfer of electron and the reaction that take place at the positive pole

after iron is oxidized.

Huraikan pemindahan elektron dan tindak balas yang berlaku pada kutub positif

selepas besi dioksidakan.

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.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................[3marks]

(f) State two ways of preventing the rusting of iron.

Nyatakan dua cara untuk mengelakkan besi berkarat..

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.............................................................................................................................................[2marks]

(c) You are required to prepare a voltaic cell. Chemicals supplied are

● Magnesium sulphate solution ● Magnesium stripe

● Copper (II) sulphate solution ● Copper stripe

Describe a laboratory experiment to prepare the voltaic cell. In your description include the set-up of apparatus, observations and half equations involved by relating to redox reaction.

[10 marks]

10 (a)Ethanol is a solvent which undergoes a complete combustion reaction in excess oxygen. If 0.46 g ethanol is burnt completely in oxygen, calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas released.

[Relative atomic mass: C=12, O=16 , 1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure]

[4 marks]

(b) Ethanol and buthanol are two compounds in the alcohol homologous series. Compare and contrast the properties of ethanol and buthanol in term of boiling point and electrical conductivity. Explain.

[6 marks]

(c) You are required to prepare one namely ester by using ethanoic acid as one of the reactants. By using a namely alcohol, describe one experiment to prepare the ester. In your description, include the chemical equation and observation involved.

9 (a)

Using one suitable example of half equations at the anode and the cathode for electroplating of metal, state and explain this redox reaction in terms of:

(i). Transfer of electrons

(ii). Changes in oxidation number

[4 marks]

(b) Table 8 shows the observations for Experiment I and Experiment II for studying redox reaction.

Experiment Observation

Electroplating of metal is a redox reaction. It involves of depositing a layer of metal on another substance.

Excess zinc powder

Copper (II) sulphatesolution

Lead (II) nitrate solution

Potassium iodidesolution

Experiment I

Blue solution turns colourless.

Brown deposit is produced.

Experiment II

Yellow precipitate is formed.

Explain the observations in Experiment I and Experiment II based on redox reaction. Determine which experiment involves redox reaction. Your explaination should include ionic equations.

[6 marks]

8 (a)The following are the equations of two reactions:Berikut adalah persamaan bagi dua tindak balas:

Determine which reaction is a redox reaction. Explain your answer in term of

oxidation number.

Tentukan tindak balas manakah tindak balas redoks. Terangkan jawapan anda dari segi nombor pengoksidaan.

TABLE 8

Reaction I : NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2OTindak balas I

Reaction II : Mg + Zn(NO3)2 Mg(NO3)2 + ZnTindak balas I I

Iron (II) sulphateFerum (II) sulfat

ChlorineKlorin

Test tube PTabung uji P

Potassium iodideKalium iodida

Test tube QTabung uji Q

[4 marks]

(b)Diagram 8 shows two redox reactions that take place in test tubes P and Q. Rajah 8, menunjukkan dua tindak balas redoks yang berlaku dalan tabung uji P dan Q.

Write the ionic equation for the redox reaction in test tubes P and Q.Tuliskan persamaan ion untuk tindak balas redoks dalam tabung uji P dan Q

[6 marks]

(c) Table 8 shows the observations of two experiments to determine the position of carbon the reactivity series of metal.

Jadual 8 menununjukkan pemerhatian bagi dua eksperimen untuk menentukan kedudukan karbon dalam siri kereaktifan logam.

Experiment Reactants Observation

I Carbon + oxide of metal PKarbon + oksida logam P

A flame spreads to the whole mixture. A brown residue is formed.

Nyalaan merebak ke ke seluruhan campuran. Baki berwarna perang terbentuk.

Diagram 8Rajah 8

IICarbon + oxide of metal QKarbon + oksida logam Q

No changeTiada perubahan

III Carbon + oxide of metal RKarbon + oksida logam R

A glow spreads to the whole mixture. A grey residue is formed.

Baraan merebak ke keseluruhan campuran. Baki berwarna kelabu terbentuk.

Based on observations in Table 8, arrange the reactivity of metals P, Q, and R in descending order. Explain your answer.

Suggest one metal for Q.

Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam Jadual 8, susun kereaktifan logam-logam P, Q dan R dalam turutan menurun. Terangkan jawapan anda.

Cadangkan satu logam bagi Q.

[10 marks]

Table 8Jadual 8

2 Diagram 2.1 shows the structural formula of a carbon compound, Y.Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi suatu sebatian karbon,Y.

H H H H

H C C C C H H H H H Diagram 2.1

(a) Name the homologous series of compound Y.Namakan siri homolog sebatian Y.

...........................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(b)

(i)

Compound Y burns completely in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water as in the equation below :Sebatian Y terbakar dengan lengkap dalam oksigen untuk menghasilkan karbon dioksida dan air seperti dalam persamaan di bawah : 2C4H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O

Calculate the relative molecular mass of compound Y.Hitungkan jisim molekul relatif sebatian Y tersebut.[Relative atomic mass: H =1, C = 12 ]

[1 mark](ii) Calculate the mass of compound Y burnt if 120 cm3 of carbon dioxide is

produced at room temperature.Kira jisim sebatian Y yang terbakar jika 120 cm3 karbon dioksida terbentuk pada keadaan bilik.[ 1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions]

[3 marks]

(c) Diagram 2.2 shows the structural formula of another carbon compound, Z.Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi satu lagi sebatian karbon,Z.

H H H H

H C C C C H H H Diagram 2.2

(i) Name compound Z.Namakan sebatian Z.

..................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(ii) State the functional group of compound Z?Nyatakan kumpulan berfungsi bagi sebatian Z?

..................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(d)

Compound Y has isomers. Draw one isomer of compound Y.Sebatian Y mempunyai isomer. Lukiskan satu isomer bagi sebatian Y.

[1 mark](e) Compound Y can be used to produce an alcohol.

Sebatian Y boleh digunakan untuk menghasilkan alkohol.(i) Name the reaction to produce the alcohol.

Namakan tindak balas untuk menghasilkan alkohol.

..................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(ii) State one condition for this reaction to take place.Nyatakan satu keadaan untuk tindak balas ini berlaku.

.................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

ButanolButanol

ButeneButena

ButaneButana

Porcelain Chips

Serpihan porselin

HeatPanas

H2

HeatPanas

6 Diagram 6.1 shows the changes of a carbon compound involving a series of reaction.Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan perubahan suatu sebatian karbon yang melibatkan beberapa siri tindak balas.

(a) Write the molecular formula of butane. Tuliskan formula molekul bagi butana.

..........................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(b) Draw the structural formulae of two isomers of butane. Lukiskan formula struktur bagi dua isomer butana.

[2 marks]

(c) Table 6 shows the results of a test to differentiate between butane and butene.Jadual 6 menunjukkan keputusan ujian untuk membandingkan antara butana dan butena.

Diagram 6.1Rajah 6.1

ProcedureProsedur

ObservationPemerhatian

Bromine water is added to butene.Air bromin ditambahkan kepada butena.

Brown colour is decolourised.Warna perang dinyahwarnakan.

Bromine water is added to butane.Air bromin ditambahkan kepada butana.

Brown colour remains.Warna perang kekal.

Based on Table 6, explain why there is a difference in these observation.Berdasarkan Jadual 6, terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan dalam pemerhatian ini.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

(d) Butene reacts with hydrogen to produce butane. Write the chemical equation of the reaction.

Butena bertindak balas dengan hidrogen untuk menghasilkan butane.Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.

..........................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

(e) Butene can be obtained from the reaction of butanol through dehydration process. Draw a labeled diagram of the set-up of the apparatus for the experiment.

Butena boleh didapati daripada tindak balas butanol melalui proses penghidratan.Lukis gambar rajah berlabel susunan radas untuk eksperimen ini.

[2 marks](f) Diagram 6.2 shows the burning of hexane and hexene in air.

Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan pembakaran heksana dan heksena dalam udara.

Table 6Jadual 6

Porcelain dishMangkuk pijar


Filter paperKertas turas

SootJelaga

HexeneHeksena

HexaneHeksana

Compare the sootiness of hexane and hexene. Explain.Bandingkan kejelagaan bagi heksana dan heksena. Terangkan.

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..........................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

4 Table 4 shows the molecular formulae and observations for three compounds when they react with bromine water. Jadual 4 menunjukkan formula molekul dan pemerhatian bagi tiga sebatian apabila bertindakbals dengan air bromin.

CompoundSebatian

Molecular FormulaFormula Molekul


PC2H4

Brown colour is decolourisedWarna perang menjadi tidak berwarna

Q C2H6 Brown colour remains unchangedWarna perang tidak berubah

RC4H10

…………………………………………….Table 4Jadual 4

(a) Name the homologous series for these compounds.Namakan siri homolog bagi sebatian-sebatian ini.

i) Compound P : ...................................................... Sebatian P

Compound Q : ...................................................... Sebatian Q

[ 2 marks ]

ii) What is the general formula for the homologous series of compound R?Apakah formula am bagi siri homolog sebatian R?

................................................................................................................[ 1 mark ]

iii) Complete the observation for compound R in Table 4.Lengkapkan pemerhatian untuk sebatian R dalam Jadual 4.

[ 1 mark ]

iv) Name a substance that can replace bromine water.Namakan satu bahan lain yang boleh menggantikan air bromin.

................................................................................................................ [ 1 mark]

v) Explain why compound P is chemically more reactive than compound Q.Jelaskan mengapa sebatian P lebih reaktif secara kimia berbanding sebatian Q.

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................[ 1 mark ]

(b) Compounds P and Q can undergo complete combustion to form gas X and water.Sebatian P dan Q boleh mengalami pembakaran lengkap untuk menghasilkan gas X dan air.

i) Name gas X.Namakan gas X.

…………………………………………………………………………..[ 1 mark ]

ii) Write a balanced chemical equation when compound P or Q reacts with oxygen.Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang apabila sebatian P atau Q bertindak balas dengan oksigen.

…………………………………………………………………………..[ 1 mark ]

iii) Compare the sootiness of the flame when compound P and Q are burnt in the air. Explain why.Bandingkan kejelagaan nyalaan apabila sebatian P dan Q terbakar di udara. Terangkan mengapa.

………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….[2 marks ]

1 Diagram 1 shows the symbols of atom for element P, Q ,R and S.Rajah 1 menunjukkan simbol- simbol atom bagi unsur P, Q, R dan S.

1123 P

1735 Q

1737 R

1020 S

Diagram 1

(a) (i) What is meant by proton number? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor proton ?

...........................................................................................……………................ [1 mark]

(ii) What is the proton number for atom Q ? Apakah nombor proton untuk atom Q?................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(b) (i) Write the electron arrangement for atom P.Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom P.

............................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii) Which group is atom P located in the Periodic Table? Explain your answer.Di kumpulan manakah atom P berada di dalam Jadual Berkala? Terangkan jawapan anda.

...............................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2 marks]

(iii) State one chemical property of atom P.Nyatakan satu sifat kimia atom P.

.................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(c) Which atoms are isotopes? Explain why?Atom-atom manakah adalah isotop? Terangkan mengapa?

................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2 marks]

(d) Which atom exists as a monoatom?Atom manakah yang wujud sebagai monoatom?

................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(e) Arrange atoms P, Q and S in increasing atomic size.Susun atom-atom P, Q dan S mengikut saiz atom menaik.

................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

6 Natural rubber is obtained from latex secreted by rubber tree. Latex is a white milk-like fluid. Table 6 shows the results of latex coagulation.Getah asli diperolehi daripada lateks yang didapati dari pokok getah. Susu getah merupakan cecair yang berwarna putih seakan susu. Jadual 6 menunjukkan keputusan pembekuan susu getah.

ProcedureProsedur


X solution is added to latexLarutan X ditambah kepada susu getah

Latex coagulates immediatelySusu getah membeku dengan cepat

Latex is exposed to the airSusu getah dibiarkan terdedah di udara

Latex coagulates slowlySusu getah membeku dengan

perlahanTable 6

Jadual 6

(a) Based on the Table 6, answer the following questions.Berdasarkan Jadual 6, jawab soalan-soalan berikut.

i) What is solution X ?Apakah larutan X?

................................................................................................................[ 1 mark ]

ii) The coagulation of latex will also occur when it is exposed to air. Explain why this happens.Proses pembekuan susu getah juga berlaku apabila ia terdedah kepada udara. Jelaskan mengapa ini terjadi.

………………………………………………………………………...............[ 1 mark ]

iii) Suggest a solution that can be used to prevent latex from coagulating.Cadangkan satu larutan yang boleh digunakan untuk menghalang pembekuan susu getah.

................................................................................................................[ 1 mark ]

b) During the preparation of soap, a concentrated alkali X is added to oil or fat. The mixture is heated and then sodium chloride is added. The general equation for this reaction is shown below.Semasa proses pembuatan sabun, larutan alkali pekat X di tambah kepada minyak atau lemak. Campuran kemudian di panaskan bersama dengan natrium klorida. Persamaan tindak balasnya adalah seperti di bawah.

O O CH2 O C R1 CH2 OH R1 C O Na+

O O CH O C R2 + alkali X CH OH + R2 C O Na+

O O

CH2 O C R3 CH2 OH R3 C O Na+

Oil or fat Glycerol Soaps

Based on the equation above, answer the following questions.Berdasarkan persamaan di atas, jawab soalan –soalan berikut.

i) What is the name of the process ?Apakah nama proses tersebut?

…………………………………………………………………………..[ 1 mark ]

ii) What is alkali X ?Apakah alkali X ?

…………………………………………………………………………..[ 1 mark ]

iii)

iv)

Why is sodium chloride solution added to the mixture?Mengapakah larutan natrium klorida ditambahkan kepada campuran?

…………………………………………………………………………..[ 1 mark ]

Describe briefly the cleansing action of soap.Huraikan dengan ringkas tindakan pembersihan oleh sabun

…………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..[ 2 marks ]

c) Diagram 6 shows the structural formulae of two cleansing agents X and Y.Rajah 6 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi dua agen pembersih X dan Y.

Cleansing agent X: Agen pembersih X :

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COONa

Cleansing agent Y:Agen pembersih Y :

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COSO3Na

Diagram 6Rajah 6

Based on Diagram 6, compare the effectiveness of cleansing action of agent Y to agent X. Explain why.Berdasarkan Rajah 6, bandingkan keberkesanan tindakan pembersihan agen pencuci Y berbanding agen X. Terangkan mengapa.

…………………………………………………………………………..

Carbon electrode YElektrod karbon Y

Carbon electrode X Elektrod karbon X

G

Bromine waterAir bromin

Dilute Sulphuric acidAsid sulfurik

Iron (II) sulphateFerum (II) sulfat

Acidified potassium manganate (VII) solutionLarutan kalium manganat (VII) berasid

…………………………………………………………………………..[ 2 marks ]

5 Diagram 5 shows the set-up of apparatus to study the electron transfer at a distance. Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas eksperimen untuk mengkaji pemindahan electron pada satu jarak.

Diagram 5

Rajah 5

(a) What is the function of dilute sulphuric acid?Apakah fungsi asid sulfurik cair?

…………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(b) (i) State the observation at carbon electrode X.Nyatakan pemerhatian di elektrod karbon X.

…………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(ii) Write the half equation for the reaction in (b) (i)Tuliskan persamaan setengah untuk tindak balas di (b) (i).

…………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

(iii) Describe a confirmatory test for the product formed at carbon electrode X.Huraikan satu ujian pengesahan untuk hasil yang terbentuk di elektrod karbon X.

……………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………….... [2 marks]

(c) (i) State the observation at carbon electrode Y.Nyatakan pemerhatian di elektrod karbon Y.

…………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

(ii) What is the role of acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution in the experiment?Apakah peranan larutan kalium manganat (VII) berasid dalam eksperimen ini ?

………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(iii) Give a reason for your answer in (c) (ii).

Berikan satu penjelasan untuk jawapan anda pada (c) (ii).

…………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(d) Suggest another reagent that can replace acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution.Cadangkan satu reagen lain yang boleh menggantikan larutan kalium manganat (VII) berasid.

………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

5. Diagram 5 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the reaction occurred in test tubes A and B.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi mengkaji tindak balas yang berlaku di dalam tabung uji A dan B.

Agar-agar solution+

Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III)

solution +

Phenolphthalein

Iron(II) sulphate solutionLarutan ferum(II) sulfat

Chlorine water Air klorin

(a) Based on test tube A, Berdasarkan tabung uji A,

(i) Name the reaction occurred.Namakan tindak balas yang berlaku.

...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(ii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction.Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi tindak balas tersebut.

...................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

(iii) State a chemical test to verify the product formed.Nyatakan satu ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan hasil yang terbentuk.

...................................................................................................................................

Test tube ATabung uji A

Test tube BTabung uji B

Agar-agar solution+


solution +

Phenolphthalein

Iron nail coiled with zincPaku besi yang dililit dengan zink

Diagram 5Rajah 5

...................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

(b) Based on test tube B, Berdasarkan tabung uji B,

(i) State the observation involved. Nyatakan pemerhatian yang terlibat.

...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(ii) Experiment is repeated by using copper to replace zinc. State the observation involved.Eksperimen diulangi dengan menggunakan kuprum bagi menggantikan zink. Nyatakan pemerhatian yang terlibat.

...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(c) Compare the answer in (b)(i) and (b) (ii) and explain why there is a difference in the observation.Bandingkan jawapan di (b)(i) dan (b) (ii) dan terangkan kenapa terdapat perbezaan dalam pemerhatian.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

(d) When iron is exposed to water and oxygen, it rusts easily. State one method to prevent the rusting of iron.

Apabila besi terdedah kepada air dan oksigen, ia mudah berkarat. Nyatakan satu kaedah untuk mengelakkan besi daripada berkarat.

..........................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

7 (a) Diagram 7.1 shows the electron arrangement of ion W3-.

Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi ion W3-.

3-

Diagram 7.1 Rajah 7.1

(i) Write the electron arrangement for the atom W.

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom W.

[1 mark](ii) State the position for atom W in the Periodic Table of Elements.

Give a reason for your answer.

Nyatakan kedudukan bagi atom W dalam Jadual Berkala UnsurBerikan sebab bagi jawapan anda.

[4 marks](b) (i) Rubidium, Rb, is located below sodium, Na, in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.

Predict two observations when rubidium reacts with water.

Rubidium, Rb, terletak di bawah natrium, Na, dalam Kumpulan 1 Jadual Berkala.Ramalkan dua pemerhatian apabila rubidium bertindak balas dengan air.

[2 marks]

(ii ) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between rubidium and water.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara rubidium dan air.[2 marks]

(iii) State one precaution that must be taken in handling Group 1 elements.

Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil dalam pengendalian unsur Kumpulan 1.

[1 mark]

(c) Diagram 7.2 shows four compounds.

Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan empat sebatian.● Magnesium oxide, MgO Magnesium oksida, MgO

● Ethanol, C2H5OH Etanol, C2H5OH

● Hexane, C6H14

Heksana, C6H14

● Sodium chloride, NaCl Natrium klorida, NaCl


(i) Based on Diagram 7.2, classify each of the compounds into ionic compound and covalent compounds.

Berdasarkan Rajah 7.2 , kelaskan setiap sebatian itu kepada sebatian ion dan sebatian kovalen. [2 marks]

(ii) Choose one of the ionic and one of the covalent compounds given in (c) (i) and state two differences in their physical properties.Explain the differences.

Pilih satu sebatian ionik dan satu sebatian kovalen yang diberi dalam (c) (i) dan nyatakan dua perbezaan dalam sifat fiziknya. Terangkan perbezaan itu. [8 marks]

9 (a) By using one named example of a strong acid , explain the chemical properties of an acid. Include the chemical equations in your explanation.Dengan menggunakan satu contoh asid kuat, terangkan sifat kimia asid.Sertakan persamaan-persamaan kimia dalam penerangan anda

[6 marks](b) Table 9 shows the observation when solution A and B is tested with a blue litmus paper,

Jadual 9 menunjukkan pemerhatian apabila larutan A dan larutan B diuji dengan kertas litmus biru.

Solution / Larutan Observation / PemerhatianA Ethanoic acid in water

Asid etanoik dalam airBlue litmus paper turns redKertas litmus biru bertukar merah

B Ethanoic acid in propanoneAsid etanoik dalam propanon

No changeTiada perubahan

TABLE 9 JADUAL 9Based on Table 9, explain the difference in the observationBerdasarkan Jadual 9, terangkan perbezaan dalam pemerhatian itu

[4 marks]

(c) A student wanted to prepare 250 cm3 standard solution of sodium hydroxide with a concentration of 1.0 mol dm-3 in the school laboratory.Seorang pelajar ingin menyediakan 250 cm3 larutan piawai natrium hidroksida dengan kepekatan 1.0

+

P+ R-

_

mol dm-3 dalam makmal sekolah.

Describe how the student would prepare the solution.Include the following in your description :

The material and apparatus needed, The calculation involved, The steps involved in the preparation.

Huraikan bagaimana pelajar itu dapat menyediakan larutan tersebut.Sertakan yang berikut dalam huraian anda :

Bahan dan radas yang perlu, Pengiraan yang terlibat, Langkah-langkah yang terlibat dalam penyediaan

[ Relative atomic mass : H, 1 ; O, 16 ; Na, 23 ][10 marks]

10. a) Isotopes have important uses in our daily lives, for example in medicine, industry, agriculture and archeology.

Choose two of the above examples.State an isotope and its purposes in each example that you have chosen.

Isotop mempunyai kegunaan yang penting dalam kehidupan harian, contohnya dalam bidang perubatan, industri, peretanian dan arkeologi.

Pilih dua contoh di atas. Nyatakan isotop dan kegunaannya dalam setiap contoh yang anda pilih.

[4 marks]

b) Table 10.1 shows the electron arrangement of compound X and Y.Jadual 10. menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi sebatian X dan Y.

CompoundSebatian

Electron arrangementSusunan elektron

X

Y

(i) Based on Table 10.1, determine the types of compound X and Y.Berdasarkan Jadual 10.1, tentukan jenis sebatian X dan Y.

[2 marks]

(ii) Compound X and compound Y have different physical properties. Choose one of the physical properties that can differentiate between compound X

and Y. Explain the difference in the physical properties between compound X and Y.

Sebatian X dan sebatian Y mempunyai sifat fizik yang berbeza.Plih satu sifat fizik tersebut yang dapat membezakan antara sebatian X and Y.Terangkan perbezaan sifat fizik tersebut di antara sebatian X dan Y.

[4 marks]

c) Table 10.2 shows the electron arrangement for atoms W, X, Y and Z. These letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.

Jadual 10.2 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom-atom W, X, Y and Z. Huruf-huruf Ini bukanlah merupakan simbol sebenar unsur.

ElementUnsur


W 2.4

X 2.6

Y 2.8.1

Z 2.8.2

Table 10.1Jadual 10.1

Table 10.2 Jadual 10.2

Using the information in Table 10.2, choose any two elements and explain how ionic and covalent compound are formed.

Gunakan maklumat dalam Jadual 10.2, pilih mana-mana dua unsur dan terangkan bagaimana sebatian ion dan sebatian kovalen terbentuk.

10

(a) Table 10 shows the product of electrolysis of copper(II) sulphate solution at different concentration using carbon electrodes.Jadual 10 menunjukkan hasil daripada proses elektrolisis larutan kuprum(ll) sulfat pada kepekatan yang berlainan menggunakan elektrod-elektrod karbon.

ExperimentEksperimen

SolutionLarutan

Product at the cathode

Hasil di katod

Product at the anode

Hasil di anodSet I Copper(II) chloride

1.0 mol dm-3

Kuprum(II) klorida1.0 mol dm-3

CopperKuprum

ChlorineKlorin

Set II Copper(II) chloride0.001 mol dm-3

Kuprum(II) klorida0.001 mol dm-3

CopperKuprum

OxygenOksigen

TABLE 10 JADUAL 10

Explain the difference in the products at the anode.Terangkan perbezaan dalam hasil yang di anod.

[6 marks](b) Diagram 10 shows the apparatus set up of a simple voltaic cell.

Jadual 10 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu sel ringkas.

DIAGRAM 10

RAJAH 10

Based on diagram 10, briefly explain how electricity is produced.Berdasarkan rajah 10, terangkan dengan ringkas bagaimana arus elektrik dihasilkan.

[4 marks]

(c) Electrolysis is used to electroplate an object to make it look more attractive and more resistant to corrosion. Elektrolisis digunakan untuk penyaduran suatu objek supaya kelihatan lebih menarik dan tahan pengaratan.

With the aid of a label diagram, describe an experiment to electroplate an iron spoon with copper. In your description, include the observations and half equations that occur. Dengan bantuan gambar rajah berlabel, terangkan satu eksperimen untuk menyadur sudu besi dengan kuprum. Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan pemerhatian dan tuliskan persamaan setengah yang berlaku.

[10 marks]

7 Diagram 7 shows parts of the Periodic Table of elements.Rajah 7 menunjukkan sebahagian unsur dalam Jadual Berkala.

1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18

C O

Mg Al Cl

Diagram 7Rajah 7

(a) Write the electron arrangements for aluminium ion and oxide ion.Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi ion aluminium dan ion oksida

[2 marks]

(b) Describe the formation of the following chemical bonds and draw the electron arrangement of compounds formed.Huraikan pembentukan bagi ikatan kimia berikut dan lukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.

(i) Ionic bond between magnesium atom and chlorine atom.

Ikatan ionik di antara atom magnesium dengan atom klorin.[5 marks]

(ii) Covalent bond between carbon atom and chlorine atom.Ikatan kovalen di antara atom karbon dengan atom klorin.

[5 marks](c) Explain each of the following statements.

Terangkan setiap pernyataan berikut.

(i) Compound formed in (b)(i) can conduct electricity in the molten state while compound formed in (b)(ii) cannot conduct electricity in any state.Sebatian yang terbentuk dalam (b)(i) boleh mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam keadaan leburan manakala sebatian yang terbentuk dalam (b)(ii) tidak dapat mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam semua keadaan.

[4 marks]

(ii) The melting and boiling points for compound in (b)(i) is higher than compound in (b)(ii).Takat lebur dan takat didih bagi sebatian dalam (b)(i) lebih tinggi daripada sebatian dalam (b)(ii).

[4 marks]

8 Table 8 shows the heat of combustion of the first five alcohols. Jadual 8 menunjukkan haba pembakaran untuk lima alkohol yang pertama.

Alcohol / Alkohol

Molecular Formula / Formula molekul

Heat of Combustion /Haba Pembakaran

kJ mol-1

Methanol Metanol

CH3OH - 715

Ethanol Etanol

C2H5OH - 1376

Propanol Propanol

C3H7OH - 2017

Butanol Butanol

C4H9OH - 2675

Pentanol Pentanol

C5H11OH m

Table 8Jadual 8

The chemical equation for the combustion of ethanol is as below.Persamaan kimia bagi pembakaran etanol adalah seperti di bawah.

C2H5OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2O ∆H = - 1376 kJ mol -1

C2H5OH + 3O2

2CO2 + 3H2O

∆H = – 1376 kJ mol -1

Energy Tenaga

(a) Based on the equation above, state the meaning of heat of combustion of ethanol.Berdasarkan persamaan kimia di atas, nyatakan maksud haba pembakaran bagi etanol.

[ 2 marks ](b) Based on Table 8 ,

Berdasarkan Jadual 8 ,

(i) Draw a graph of magnitude of heat of combustion against the number of carbon atoms.Lukis graf magnitud haba pembakaran melawan bilangan atom karbon.

[ 3 marks ]

(ii) State the relationship between the number of carbon atoms per molecule of alcohol to the magnitude of the heat of combustion.Nyatakan hubungan di antara bilangan atom karbon per molekul alkohol kepada magnitud haba pembakaran.

[ 1 mark ]

(iii) From the graph, predict the heat of combustion of pentanol in kJ mol -1

Daripada graf, ramalkan haba pembakaran pentanol dalam kJ mol-1

[ 2 marks ]

(c) Compare the heat of combustion between ethanol and butanol. Explain why there is a difference in the heat of combustion between ethanol and butanol.Bandingkan haba pembakaran etanol dengan butanol.Terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan di antara haba pembakaran etanol dan butanol.

[ 4 marks ]

(d) Diagram 8 shows the energy level diagram of the heat of combustion of ethanol.Rajah 8 menunjukkan gambarajah aras tenaga bagi haba pembakaran etanol.

Diagram 8Rajah 8

(i) Give four information that you can obtain from Diagram 8.Berikan empat maklumat yang boleh diperoleh daripada Rajah 8.

[ 4 marks ](ii) Calculate the energy released if 6.9 grams of ethanol is burnt

completely in air.Kira haba yang di bebaskan jika 6.9 gram etanol di bakar dengan lengkap di dalam udara.

[ 4 marks]

Section CBahagian C

[20 marks]

Answer any one question from this section.Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini.

9 (a)

(b)

By using suitable example, explain what are meant by empirical formula and molecular formula.Dengan menggunakan contoh yang sesuai, terangkan apa yang dimaksudkan dengan formula empirik dan formula molekul.

[3 marks]

The information below is for compound QMaklumat berikut adalah bagi sebatian Q.

Carbon 40.00% Karbon Hydrogen 6.66% Hidrogen Oxygen 53.33%

Oksigen

Relative molecular mass 180Jisim molekul relatif

Heat / panaskan

Asbestos paperKertas

asbestos

Metal oxide / Oksida logam

Heat / panaskan

Dry hydrogen gas / Gas Hidrogen kering

Based on the information of compound Q, determine:Berdasarkan maklumat bagi sebatian Q, tentukan:

(i) The empirical formulaFormula empiriknya

(ii) The molecular formulaFormula molekulnya[ Relative atomic mass: C,12; H,1; O,16][ Jisim atom relatif: C,12; H,1; O,16]

[ 5 marks]

(c) Diagram 9 shows the set-up of apparatus to determine the empirical formula of two different compounds.Rajah 9 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi menentukan formula empirik dua sebatian yang berlainan.

Method IKaedah I

Method IIKaedah II

MetalLogam

Table 9Rajah 9

(i) Explain why method II is not suitable to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide?Terangkan mengapa kaedah II tidak sesuai bagi menentukan formula

empirik bagi magnesium oksida?[1mark]

(ii) Suggest one metal oxide in method II.Cadangkan satu oksida logam dalam kaedah II.

[1 mark]

(iii) Using a suitable example, describe a laboratory experiment to determine the empirical formula of an oxide of a reactive metal. Your explanation should include:Dengan menggunakan contoh yang sesuai, huraikan suatu eksperimen di makmal untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi suatu oksida logam reaktif.. Penerangan anda mestilah meliputi :

Procedure of the experimentProsedur bagi eksperimen

Tabulation of dataPenjadualan data

[10 marks]

10

(a) Table 10 shows different concentrations of hydrochloric acid and the corresponding pH values.Jadual 10 menunjukkan kepekatan berlainan bagi asid hidroklorik dan nilai pH yang sepadan.

HydrochloricAcid

Asid hidroklorik

Concentration of hydrochloric acidKepekatan asid hidroklorik

/mol dm-3pH

A 0.001 3

B 0.01 2

C 0.1 1

D 1 0

Table 10Jadual 10

(i) Based on Table 10, state the relationship between the concentration of hydrochloric acid and the pH value.Berdasarkan Jadual 10, nyatakan hubungan antara kepekatan asid hidroklorik dan nilai pH.

(ii) Explain your answer in a (i) by referring to the number of hydrogen ions present in the acid.Jelaskan jawapan anda di a (i) dengan merujuk kepada bilangan ion hidrogen yang terdapat dalam asid itu.

(iii) Arrange the hydrochloric acids in Table 10 according to increasing order of acidity.Susun asid hidroklorik dalam Jadual 10 menurut susunan menaik keasidan.

[4 marks]

(b) The following information is about two different alkalis.Maklumat di bawah adalah mengenai dua alkali yang berlainan.

AlkaliAlkali

Concentration /mol dm-3

Kepekatan /mol dm-3pHpH

Sodium hydroxide solutionLarutan natrium hidroksida

0.1 13

Ammonia solutionLarutan ammonia

0.1 10

Explain why the two alkalis have different pH values. Terangkan mengapa dua alkali tersebut mempunyai nilai pH yang berlainan.

[6marks]

(c) You are required to prepare dry barium sulphate salt. Anda dikehendaki menyediakan garam barium sulfat kering.

(i) Suggest two solutions to prepare barium sulphate salt. Cadangkan dua larutan untuk menyediakan garam barium sulfat.

(ii) Describe a laboratory experiment to prepare the salt. In your description, include the chemical equation and ionic equation. Huraikan suatu eksperimen makmal untuk menyediakan garam tersebut..Huraian anda mesti mengandungi persamaan kimia dan persamaan ion.

[10marks]

7 (a) The following information is about two solution of ethanoic acid. Maklumat berikut adalah tentang dua larutan asid etanoik.

Explain why dry blue litmus paper turns red in solution A and remain blue in solution B.

Terangkan mengapa kertas litmus biru bertukar merah dalam larutan A dan kekal biru dalam

larutan B.

[4 marks]

(b) In a titration, 22.00 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is required to neutralise25.00 cm3 of sodium hydroxide.

Dalam satu pentitratan 22.00 cm3 asid sulfuric 0.1 mol dm-3 diperlukan untuk menuetralkan 25 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida.

(i) Write the chemical equation of the reaction.Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.

(ii) Calculate the concentration of sodium hydroxide used in this experiment.Hitung kepekatan larutan natrium hidroksida yang digunakan dalam eksperimen

ini.

[6 marks]

Solution A : Ethanoic acid dissolve in water.Larutan A : Asid etanoik dilarutkan dalam air

Solution B : Ethanoic acid dissolve in propanoneLarutan B : Asid etanoik dilarutkan dalam propanon

50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid

50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 asid hidroklorik

Hydrogen gas Gas hidrogen

Excess zinc granulesButiran zink berlebihan

50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid +Copper (II) sulphate solution

50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 asid hidroklorik +Larutan kuprum (II) sulfat

Excess zinc granulesButiran zink berlebihan

Experiment IIEksperimen II

Experiment IEksperimen I

Hydrogen gas Gas hidrogen

(c) Describe the chemical tests that can be used to verify the cation and anion in magnesium nitrate.

Huraikan ujian-ujian kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk mengenal kation dan anion dalam magnesium nitrat.

[10 marks]

5 Diagram 5 shows two experiments to investigate one factor that affects the rate of reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji satu factor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas antara zink dan asid hidroklorik.

a) (i) Based on Diagram 5, state the factor that affects the rate of reaction in this experiment.

Berdasarkan Rajah 5 nyatakan factor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas dalam eksperimen ini.

...................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(ii) How to determine the rate of reaction in this experiment.Bagaimanakah kadar tindak balas ditentukan dalam eksperimen ini?

...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

b) In Experiment II 2.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 copper (II) sulphate solution is added. The maximum volume of hydrogen gas released in Experiment I is V cm3

Dalam Eksperimen II 2.0 cm3 larutan kuprum(II) sulfat 0.5 mol dm-3 ditambah. Isipadu maksimum gas yang terbebas dalam Eksperimen I ialah V cm3.

(i) What is the volume of hydrogen gas released in Experiment II compare to Experiment I? Explain.

Apakah isipadu gas hydrogen yang dibebaskan dalam Eksperimen II berbanding Eksperimen I.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

[2 marks]

(ii) The graph for the volume of gas against time for Experiment I is sketched as shown in Graph 5.1.

Key:Kunci

Experiment I: Eksperimen I

Experiment II:Eksperimen II

Volume of hydrogen gas/cm3Isipadu gas hidrogen/cm3

Time/sMasa/s

Graph 5.1Graf 5.1

Graf isipadu gas melawan masa untuk Eksperimen I dilakarkan seperti ditunjukkan dalam Graf 5..1

Sketch the curve for experiment II on the same axes in Graph 5.1Lakarkan lengkung untuk Eksperimen II di atas paksi yang sama dalam Graf 5.1.

[2 marks]

(ii) Referring to the collision theory of particles, explain how does copper (II) sulphate solution affects the rate of reaction?

Merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran, terangkan bagaimana larutan kuprum(II) sulfat mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas?

...……………………………………………………………………………………………..

...........……………………………………………………………………………………….

...................................................................................................................................

[3 marks]

c) Table 5 shows three experiments done by a student.

V

Experiment IEkpserimen I

Experiment A

Time/sMasa/s

Volume of carbon dioxide/ cm3Isipadu karbon dioksida/cm3

Jadual 5 menunjukkan tiga eksperimen yang telah dijalankan oleh seorang pelajar.


ReactantsBahan tindak balas

A

Excess calcium carbonate chips and 25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3

hydrochloric acid.

Ketulan kalsium karbonat berlebihan dan 25 cm3 asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm-3.

B


hydrochloric acid.


C


hydrochloric acid.


The graph of carbon dioxide gas produced against time is sketch as shown in Graph 5.2.

Graf bagi karbon dioksida yang terhasil melawan masa dilakarkan seperti ditunjukkan dalam Graf 5.2.

Table 5Jadual 5

GRAPH 5.2GRAF 5.2

Zinc carbonateZink karbonat

Zinc oxideZink oksida

Sodium carbonateNatrium karbonatZinc nitrate

Zink nitrat

Zinc sulphateZink sulfat

Diagram 4Rajah 4

Based on Table 5 and graph 5.2 , determine which curves represent the results of Experiment B and Experiment C. Write your answers in the boxes provided.

Berdasarkan Jadual 5 dan Graf 5.2, tentukan lengkung manakah mewakili keputusan bagi Eksperimen B dan C. Tuliskan jawapan anda dalam kotak yang disediakan.

[2 marks]4 Diagram 4 shows a series reaction of zinc compound.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu siri tindak balas bagi sebatian zink.

a) Zinc nitrate solution reacts with sodium carbonate solution to form zinc carbonate precipitate.

Larutan zink nitrat bertindak balas dengan larutan natrium karbonat untuk membentuk mendakan zink karbonat.

(i) What is the colour of zinc carbonate?Apakah warna zink karbonat?

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(ii) Name the reaction.Namakan tindak balas ini.

...................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

b) Heating of zinc carbonate produce zinc oxide and gas R.Pemanasan zink karbonat menghasilkan zink oksida dan gas R.

i) Name gas R.Namakan gas R.

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

ii) Write the chemical equation of the reaction.Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.

......................................................………………………………………………………..

[2 marks]

(iii) Draw a labeled diagram for the heating of zinc carbonate to produce zinc oxide and gas R. In your diagram show how gas R is tested.

Lukis gambar rajah berlabel bagi pemanasan zink karbonat untuk menghasilkan zink oksida dan gas R. Dalam gambar rajah anda, tunjukkan bagaimana gas R itu diuji.

[2 marks]

(c) Zinc carbonate reacts with sulphuric acid to produce zinc sulphate. The chemical equation is shown below.

Zink karbonat bertindak balas dengan asid sulfuric untuk menghasilkan zink sulfat. Persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas ini ditunjukkan di bawah.

ZnCO3 +H2SO4 ZnSO4 + CO2 + H2O

6.5 g Zinc carbonate reacts completely with excess sulphuric acid.Calculate the mass of zinc sulphate produced.

6.5 g zink karbonat bertindak balas lengkap dengan asid sulfuric berlebihan.Hitungkan jisim zink sulfat yang terbentuk.

[Relative molecular mass: ZnCO3 = 125, ZnSO4 = 148][Jisim molekul relative: ZnCO3 = 125, ZnSO4 = 148]

[3 marks]

1 Table 1 shows the particulars of four different types of manufactured substances in industry.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan butiran tentang empat jenis bahan buatan dalam industri.

Type of manufactured substanceJenis bahan buatan

ExampleContoh

ComponentKomponen

GlassKaca

BorosilicateBorosilikat

Silicon dioxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide and Y.Silikon dioksida, natrium oksida, kalsium oksida dan Y.

PolymerPolimer

PolythenePolitena

EtheneEtena

AlloyAloi

BrassLoyang

Copper and zincKuprum dan zink

Z BrickBata

Silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide, iron (III) oxide.Silikon dioksida, aluminium oksida, ferum(III) oksida.

(a) Name the type of manufactured substance Z.

Table 1Jadual 1

Namakan jenis bahan buatan Z.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(b) (i) Brass is harder than its pure copper. Explain.Loyang lebih keras daripada logam kuprum tulennya.Terangkan.

....…………………………………………………………………………………………….

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

[2 marks]

(ii) Draw a labeled diagram that shows the arrangement of particles in brass.Lukis gambar rajah berlabel yang menunjukkan susunan zarah-zarah dalam loyang.

[2 marks]

(c) Substance Y is part of components of borosilicate glass. Bahan Y adalah sebahagian daripada kaca borosilikat.

(i) Name the substance Y. Namakan bahan Y.

.......…………………………………………………………………………………………..

H H H H | | | | C – C – C – C | | | | H H H H n

[1 mark]

(ii) State one characteristic of borosilicate glass compare to the other types of glasses.

Nyatakan satu sifat kaca borosilikat berbanding dengan kaca jenis yang lain.

.......…………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(d) Diagram 1 shows the structural formula of polythene.Rajah 1 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi politena.

(i) Draw the structural formula of monomer of polythene.Lukis formula struktur monomer bagi politena.

Diagram 1Rajah 1

[1 mark]

(ii) State one use of polythene.Nyatakan satu kegunaan politena.

...................................................................................................................................

[1mark]

2 Table 2 shows proton number and nucleon number for atoms P, Q and R.Jadual 1 menunjukkan nombor proton dan nombor nukleon bagi atom-atom P, Q dan R.

AtomAtom

Proton numberNombor Proton

Nucleon numberNombor nukleon

P 11 23

Q 17 35

R 17 37

Table 2Jadual 2

(a) What is meant by the nucleon number of an atom?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor nukleon bagi atom?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(b) (i) State the atoms that are isotopes.Nyatakan atom-atom yang merupakan isotop.

.......…………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(ii) State a reason for your answer in (b)(i).Nyatakan sebab bagi jawapan anda di (b)(i).

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(c) Write the electron arrangement of atom P.Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom P.

.........……………………………………………………………………………………....………

[1 mark]

(d) Draw the electron arrangement of ion Q.Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi ion Q.

27

13

35

17

12

6

23

11

[2 marks]

(e) The information shows the composition of an organic compound S.Maklumat menunjukkan komposisi suatu sebatian organik S.

Determine the empirical formula of compound S.Tentukan formula empirik bagi sebatian S.

[3 marks]

3 The information shows the chemical symbols which represent elements W, X, Y and Z.Maklumat menunjukkan simbol kimia yang mewakili unsur-unsur W, X, Y dan Z.

Carbon - 64.87% Karbon

Hydrogen - 13.51% Hidrogen

Oxygen - 21.62% Oksigen

[Relative atomic mass : H=1, C=12, O=16] Jisim atom relatif

W X Y

Z

(a) State three subatomic particles in an atom.Nyatakan tiga zarah subatom dalam atom.

.......………….............……………………………………………………...............………...…

[1 mark]

(b) (i) What is the meaning of the “period” in the Periodic Table of element?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan “kala” dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur?

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(ii) State the period of element W in the Periodic Table of element. Explain.Nyatakan kala bagi unsur W dalam Jadual Berkala unsur. Terangkan.

.....................….…………………………………………………..............….......…….

...................................................................................................................................

[2 marks](c) (i) Compare the atomic size of element W and X.

Bandingkan saiz atom unsur W dan X.

...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(ii) Explain your answer in (c) (i). Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (c) (i).

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

[2 marks]

(d) Atoms of X and Z can also react to form a compound. Atom X dan atom Z juga boleh bertindak balas untuk membentuk satu sebatian.

(i) Write the chemical formula for the compound.Tuliskan formula kimia bagi sebatian itu.

...................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(ii) Draw the electron arrangement for the compound formed. Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.

[2 marks]

1. Diagram 1 shows the arrangement of particles of substance X at different temperatures. Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan zarah bahan X pada suhu yang berbeza.

Temperature/oCSuhu/ oC

Time/sMasa/sGraph 1

Graf 1

60

78

90

t0 t1 t2 t3

(b) What is the physical state of substance X at Apakah keadaan fizikal bahan X pada

(i) 60 oC : .........................................................................

(ii) 90 oC : ......................................................................... [2 marks]

(b) State the movement of particles of substance X at 60 oC.Nyatakan pergerakan zarah bahan X pada 60 oC.

....………………………………………………………………………………………........…….

[1 mark]

(c) Graph 1 shows the graph of temperature against time when substance X is heated from 60 oC to 90 oC.

Graf 1 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa bila bahan X dipanaskan dari 60 oC kepada 90 oC. .

(i) What is meant by melting point?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan takat lebur?

……………………………………………………………………………………………..…

60 oC 90 oCDiagram 1Rajah 1

………………………………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]

(ii) Based on Graph 1, state the melting point of substance X.Berdasarkan Graf 1, nyatakan takat lebur bahan X.

………………………………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]

(iii) Explain why the temperature remains constant from t1 to t2.Terangkan mengapa suhu tidak berubah dari t1 hingga t2.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

(d) (i) Substance X cannot conduct electricity in any state.State the type of particles of substance X.Bahan X tidak mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam semua keadaan. Nyatakan jenis zarah bagi bahan X.

...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(ii) Table 1 shows two substances.Jadual 1 menunjukkan dua bahan.

Magnesium oxide

Carbon dioxide

Which substance has the same type of particles as substance X?Tick (√ ) the correct answer.Bahan manakah mempunyai jenis zarah yang sama dengan bahan X?Tanda ( √ ) jawapan yang betul.

[1 mark]

Table 1Jadual 1

2. Diagram 2 shows a car.Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebuah kereta.

(a) (i) The car seat is covered with polyvinyl chloride, PVC which is a polymer. What is meant by polymer? Kerusi kereta dibaluti dengan polivinil klorida, PVC iaitu sejenis polimer.

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan polimer?

..........................…………………………………………………………………………….

.......................………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(ii) The monomer of polyvinyl chloride is chloroethene. Draw a structural formula for chloroethene.

Monomer bagi polivinil klorida ialah kloroetena. Lukis formula struktur bagi kloroetena.

[1 mark]

(iii) Improper disposal of PVC can cause air pollution. Explain.Cara pembuangan PVC yang tidak betul boleh menyebabkan pencemaran

udara. Terangkan.

...........................................................……………………………………………………

Diagram 2Rajah 2

PVC seat coverAlas kerusi PVC

…………………….…………........…………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(iv) State one method to overcome the problem in 2 (a)(iii).Nyatakan satu kaedah untuk mengatasi masalah dalam 2 (a)(iii).

................……………………………………………………………………………………

...............…………………………………………………………………………………….

[1 mark]

(b) There are four types of glasses that are used in our daily lives. Terdapat empat jenis kaca yang digunakan dalam kehidupan harian.

(i) Name the major component of glass.Namakan komponen utama kaca.

………………………..............……………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(ii) Table 2 shows three types of glasses and their uses. Complete the table.

Jadual 2 menunjukkan jenis kaca dan kegunaannya. Lengkapkan jadual itu.

Type of glass/ Jenis kaca

Uses / Kegunaan

Borosilicate glassKaca borosilikat

Cookware / Alatan memasak Laboratory glassware / Alatan kaca makmal

............................................

. Decorative lamp /Lampu hiasan Prism / Prisma

………………………………. Bottle / Botol Mirrors / Cermin

[2 marks]

(iii) Why is borosilicate glass suitable to make cookware and laboratory glassware?

Table 2Jadual 2

Mengapa kaca borosilikat sesuai digunakan untuk membuat alatan memasak dan radas kaca makmal?

.........................…………………….…………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

3. (a) Benzoic acid is an example of food additives that can be used when processing food.

Asid benzoik adalah satu contoh bahan tambah makanan yang boleh digunakan semasa memproses makanan.

(i) What is meant by food additives?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan bahan tambah makanan?

...................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(ii) What is the function of benzoic acid?Apakah fungsi asid benzoik?

...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(iii) What type of food additives that makes the texture of ice cream smooth and fine?

Apakah jenis bahan tambah makanan yang menjadikan tekstur ais krim halus dan sekata?

...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(iv) The implication of taking excess food additives can cause side effects. State one side effect to the consumer.Implikasi pengambilan bahan tambah makanan yang berlebihan boleh

menyebabkan kesan sampingan.Nyatakan satu kesan sampingan kepada pengguna.

...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(b) Antibiotic, psychotherapeutic medicine and analgesic are several types of medicine used to cure patients.

Antibiotik, ubat psikoterapeutik dan analgesik merupakan beberapa jenis ubat yang digunakan untuk mengubati pesakit.

Table 3 shows the information about types of medicine.Jadual 3 menunjukkan maklumat tentang jenis-jenis ubat.

Type of medicineJenis ubat

ExampleContoh

AntibioticAntibiotik

PenicillinPenisilin

Psychotherapeutic medicineUbat psikoterapeutik

TranquilizerTrankuilizer

(i) What are the functions of penicillin and tranquilizer?Apakah fungsi penisilin dan trankuilizer?

Function of penicillin:Fungsi penisilin:

...................................................................................................................................

Table 3Jadual 3

Function of tranquilizer:Fungsi trankuilizer:

...................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

(ii) Doctor advised the patient to finish all the antibiotic given. After two days of taking antibiotic, the patient feels healthy and stops taking the antibiotic.

What is the effect of this action to the patient?

Doktor menasihatkan pesakit untuk menghabiskan semua antibiotik yang diberikan. Selepas dua hari mengambil antibiotik, pesakit tersebut berasa sihat dan berhenti mengambil antibiotik itu.

Apakah kesan tindakan ini terhadap pesakit?

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(iii) Diagram 3 shows the structural formula of aspirin.Rajah 3 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi aspirin.

Write the molecular formula and empirical formula of aspirin?Tuliskan formula molekul dan formula empirik bagi aspirin?

Diagram 3Rajah 3

Sulphuric acidAsid sulfurik

Carbon electrode QElektrod karbon Q

Carbon electrode PElektrod karbon P

Acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solutionLarutan kalium dikromat (VI) berasid

Potassium iodide solutionLarutan kalium iodida

Diagram 4Rajah 4

Molecular formula:Formula molekul: ........................................................................

Empirical formula:Formula empirik: .....................................................................

[2 marks]

(iv) Calculate the relative molecular mass of aspirin.[Relative Atomic Mass: C= 12, H= 1, O= 16]

Hitung jisim molekul relatif bagi aspirin. [Jisim atom relatif: C= 12, H= 1, O= 16]

[1 mark]

4. Diagram 4 shows the set-up of apparatus to study the transfer of electrons at a distance. Carbon electrode P is dipped into potassium iodide solution whereas carbon electrode Q is dipped into acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji pemindahan elektron pada satu jarak.Elektrod karbon P dicelup ke dalam larutan kalium iodida manakala elektrod karbon Q dicelup ke dalam larutan kalium dikromat (VI) berasid.

(a) Transfer of electrons at a distance is a redox reaction.What is redox reaction?

Pemindahan elektron pada satu jarak merupakan satu tindak balas redoks.Apakah tindak balas redoks?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]

(b) What is the function of sulphuric acid in this experiment?Apakah fungsi asid sulfurik dalam eksperimen ini?

……..………………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(c) Draw an arrow to show the direction of electrons flow in Diagram 4.Lukiskan anak panah untuk menunjukkan arah pengaliran elektron dalam Rajah 4.

[1 mark]

(d) Write the half equation for the reaction occurred at electrode P.Tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku pada elektrod P.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]

(e) After 10 minutes, a few drops of starch solution are added to the solution at electrode P.Selepas 10 minit, beberapa titis larutan kanji ditambahkan ke dalam larutan pada elektrod

P.

What is the colour change of the solution?Apakah perubahan warna larutan itu?

..……………………………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

(f) The following equation shows the half equation for the reaction at electrode Q.Persamaan berikut menunjukkan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas pada elektrod

Q.

Cr2O7 2– (aq) + 14H+ (aq) + 6e 2Cr 3+ (aq) + 7H2O (l)

(i) Calculate the oxidation number of chromium in Cr2O7 2– ion.

Hitungkan nombor pengoksidaan bagi kromium dalam ion Cr2O7 2–.

Excess copper (II) oxide powderSerbuk kuprum (II) oksida berlebihan

Acid Asid

xxxxxxxxxxxxxx

HeatPanas


[1 mark](ii) State the process occurs at electrode Q.

Nyatakan proses yang berlaku pada elektrod Q.

..………………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(iii) Explain the process at 4(e)(ii) in terms of change in oxidation number.Terangkan proses di 4(e)(ii) dari segi perubahan nombor pengoksidaan.

………………………………………………………………………………………..………

……………………………………………………………………………………………….[2 marks]

(iv) Name another chemical that can be used to replace acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution.

Namakan bahan kimia lain yang boleh digunakan bagi menggantikan larutan kalium dikromat (VI) berasid.

...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

5. Diagram 5.1 shows the set up of apparatus for the preparation of copper (II) sulphate.Copper (II) oxide powder is added into acid until in excess.Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi penyediaan kuprum (II) sulfat.Serbuk kuprum (II) oksida ditambahkan kepada asid sehingga berlebihan.

(a) State the colour of copper (II) sulphate solution.Nyatakan warna larutan kuprum (II) sulfat.

..........................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(b) Based on Diagram 5.1, name the acid used to prepare copper (II) sulphate. Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1, namakan asid yang digunakan bagi menyediakan kuprum (II)

sulfat.

..............…………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(c) Write the chemical equation for the preparation of copper (II) sulphate.Tulis persamaan kimia bagi penyediaan kuprum (II) sulfat.

..........................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

(d) State the reason why copper (II) oxide powder is added until in excess. Nyatakan sebab mengapa serbuk kuprum (II) oksida ditambah sehingga berlebihan.

..............…………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(e) 0.1 mol of copper (II) sulphate is produced from the reaction between acid and excess copper (II) oxide.

Calculate the mass of copper (II) sulphate formed.0.1 mol kuprum (II) sulfat dihasilkan daripada tindak balas antara asid dan kuprum (II)

oksida berlebihan.Hitung jisim kuprum (II) sulfat yang terbentuk.

[Relative Atomic Mass: Cu = 64, S = 32, O = 16]

[Jisim Atom Relatif: Cu = 64, S = 32, O = 16]

[2 marks]

(f) Describe a chemical test to verify the present of cation in copper (II) sulphate solution.

Huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi mengesahkan kehadiran kation dalam larutan kuprum (II) sulfat.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

[2 marks]

(g) Diagram 5.2 shows the decomposition of compound X to form copper (II) oxide and gas Q.

Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan penguraian sebatian X bagi menghasilkan kuprum (II) oksida dan gas Q.

+

Gas Q turns the limewater chalky.Compound X is another copper compound. Gas Q mengeruhkan air kapur.Sebatian X adalah sebatian kuprum yang lain.

Based on the observation of limewater,Berdasarkan pemerhatian ke atas air kapur,

(i) Name gas Q.Namakan gas Q.

...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(ii) Write the formula of compound X.Tulis formula bagi sebatian X.

...................................................................................................................................

Compound XSebatian X

Copper (II) oxideKuprum (II) oksida

logam

Gas QGas Q∆


Energy Tenaga

2

3

∆H = -728 kJ mol-1

Diagram 6Rajah 6

[1 mark]6. Diagram 6 shows the energy level diagram for the combustion of methanol.

Rajah 6 menunjukkan gambar rajah aras tenaga bagi pembakaran metanol.

CO2 + 2H2O

(a) State one information that can be obtained from the energy level diagram in Diagram 6.

Nyatakan satu maklumat yang boleh diperolehi daripada gambar rajah aras tenaga dalam Rajah 6.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(b) Draw a labelled diagram of the set up of apparatus to determine the heat of combustion of methanol.

Lukis gambar rajah susunan radas yang berlabel bagi menentukan haba pembakaran metanol.

[2 marks]

(c) Heat energy released from the complete combustion of 1.6 g methanol is used to heat 200 cm3 of water.

Haba yang terbebas daripada pembakaran lengkap 1.6 g metanol digunakan untuk memanaskan 200 cm3 air.

(i) Calculate the heat energy released in the reaction.Hitung tenaga haba yang dibebaskan dalam tindak balas ini.

[ Molar mass of methanol, CH3OH = 32 gmol-1 ] [ Jisim molar metanol CH3OH = 32 gmol-1 ]

[2 marks]

(ii) Calculate the temperature change in the reaction.Hitung perubahan suhu dalam tindak balas ini.

[ Specific heat capacity of water: 4.2 J g-1 oC-1 ][ Muatan haba tentu air: 4.2 J g-1 oC-1 ]

[2 marks]

(d) The value of the heat of combustion of methanol obtained from the experiment always less than the theoretical value.

Suggest one precaution step that should be taken in order to get a more accurate result.

Nilai haba pembakaran metanol yang diperolehi daripada eksperimen biasanya lebih rendah daripada nilai teori.Cadangkan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil untuk memperolehi keputusan yang lebih tepat.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(e) Table 6 shows the molecular formula and heat of combustion of ethanol and propanol.

Jadual 6 menunjukkan formula molekul dan haba pembakaran etanol dan propanol.

Name of alcoholNama alkohol

Molecular formulaFormula molekul

Heat of combustion/ kJmol-1

Haba pembakaran/ kJmol-1

EthanolEtanol

C2H5OH -1376

PropanolPropanol

C3H7OH - 2015

Based on the information in Table 6, explain why there is a difference in the value of heat of combustion between ethanol and propanol.

Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 6, terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan nilai haba pembakaran antara etanol dan propanol.

.......………….............……………………………………………………...............………...…

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................[3 marks]

Table 6Jadual 6

Section BBahagian B

[20 marks][20 markah]


7. Table 7.1 shows the electron arrangement of elements U, V and W.Jadual 7.1 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi unsur U, V dan W.

ElementUnsur


U 2.6

V 2.1

W 2.8.1

a) Based on the Table 7.1, Berdasarkan Jadual 7.1,

i) Identify one metal and one non-metal element.Kenal pasti satu unsur logam dan satu unsur bukan logam.

[2 marks]

ii) State the group and period of element W in the Periodic Table of Elements.

Nyatakan kumpulan dan kala bagi unsur W dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.

[2 marks]

Table 7.1Jadual 7.1

(iii) The reaction between element U and W produces a compound.Tindak balas antara unsur U dan W menghasilkan suatu sebatian.

State one property for the compound formed. Nyatakan satu sifat sebatian yang terbentuk.

Draw the electron arrangement for the compound formed. Lukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.

[3 marks]

b) Table 7.2 shows the observations of element V and element W when react with water.Jadual 7.2 menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi unsur V dan unsur W apabila bertindak balas

dengan air.

ElementUnsur


V

Element V Unsur V

water air

Element V, moves slowly at random on the water surface with a little fizzing sound.The solution formed turns red litmus paper to blue.

Unsur V, bergerak perlahan secara rawak di atas permukaan air dengan menghasilkan desiran.Larutan yang terhasil menukarkan kertas litmus merah kepada biru.

W

Element W Unsur W water air

Element W, moves rapidly at random on the surface of the water with a ‘hissing’ sound.The solution formed turns red litmus paper to blue.

Unsur W, bergerak pantas secara rawak di atas permukaan air dengan menghasikan bunyi ‘hiss’.Larutan yang terhasil menukarkan kertas litmus merah kepada biru.

Table 7.2Jadual 7.2

(i) Write the chemical equation when element V reacts with water.Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas apabila unsur V bertindak balas

dengan air.

[3 marks]

(ii) Compare the reactivity of elements V and W when react with water. Explain your answer.Bandingkan kereaktifan unsur V dan W apabila bertindak balas dengan air.Terangkan jawapan anda.

[4 marks]

(c) Diagram 7 show the set up apparatus used to compare the electrical conductivity of solutions P and Q.

Rajah 7 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan untuk membandingkan kekonduksian elektrik larutan P dan Q.

Based on the observations in Diagram 7,Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam Jadual 7,

(i) Identify the type of compound of solution P and solution Q.

Solution Q Larutan Q

Carbon electrodeElektrod karbon

Solution PLarutan P

Bulb lights upMentol menyala

Bulb does not light upMentol tak menyala

Diagram 7Rajah 7

50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution 50 cm3 larutan natrium tiosulfat 0.2 mol dm-3 +10 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid10 cm3 asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3



Kenal pasti jenis sebatian bagi larutan P dan larutan Q.

[2 marks]

(ii) Explain why there is a difference in the observations.Terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan dalam pemerhatian itu.

[4 marks]

8. (a) Smaller pieces of charcoal are easily burnt compare to bigger pieces of charcoal.Explain why.Arang bersaiz kecil lebih cepat terbakar berbanding arang yang besar.Terangkan mengapa.

[4 marks]

(b) A group of students carried out three experiments to investigate the factors affecting the rate of reaction.

Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan tiga eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.

Table 8 shows the results of the experiments.Jadual 8 menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen itu.

ExperimentEksperimen I II III

Set-up of apparatus

Susunan radas

Temperature / oC Suhu / oC

30 35 30

Time taken for ‘X’ mark to disappear from sight / s

Masa yang diambil untuk tanda ‘X’ tidak kelihatan / s

18 10 50

(i) Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment I and Experiment II.Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II.

[2 marks]

(ii) The chemical equation below shows the reaction between sulphuric acid and sodium thiosulphate solution.

Persamaan kimia di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas antara asid sulfurik dengan larutan natrium tiosulfat.

Na2S2O3 + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + SO2 + S + H2O

Calculate the maximum mass of sulphur produced in Experiment III.Hitung jisim maksimum sulfur yang terhasil dalam Eksperimen III.

[ Relative Atomic Mass : S = 32 ] [ Jisim Atom Relatif : S = 32 ]

[4 marks]

(iii) Based on Table 8, compare the rate of reaction between Berdasarkan Jadual 8, bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara

Experiment I and Experiment II Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II

Experiment I and Experiment III Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen III

Table 8Jadual 8

In each case, explain the difference in the rate of reaction with reference to the Collision Theory.

Bagi setiap kes, terangkan perbezaan kadar tindak balas dengan merujuk kepada Teori Perlanggaran.

[10 marks]

Section CBahagian C



9. (a) You have an impure silver plate. The impure silver plate can be purified by using an electrolysis process.

Draw a labelled diagram of the set up of the apparatus for the experiment.Anda mempunyai satu kepingan argentum tak tulen. Kepingan argentum tak tulen tersebut boleh ditulenkan melalui proses elektrolisis.

Lukiskan gambarajah berlabel susunan radas bagi eksperimen tersebut. [4 marks]

(b) Table 9 shows the set up of apparatus of two experiments to investigate electrolysis process by using different electrodes.

Jadual 9 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji proses elektrolisis dengan menggunakan elektrod yang berlainan.

Experiment Eksperimen

Apparatus set-upSusunan radas

Copper electrodesElektrod kuprum

Copper(II) sulphate solutionLarutan kuprum(II) sulfat

A

Table 9Jadual 9

Copper(II) sulphate solutionLarutan kuprum(II) sulfat

A

Carbon electrodes Elektrod karbon

I

II

(i) Compare the observation and product formed at the anode for both experiments.

Bandingkan pemerhatian dan hasil yang terbentuk di anod bagi kedua-dua eksperimen.

(ii) Write the half equation at the anode for both experiments.Tuliskan persamaan setengah di anod bagi kedua-dua eksperimen.

[6 marks]

(c) Study the following statement. Kaji pernyataan berikut:

Describe a laboratory experiment to prove this statement by using dilute sulphuric acid as the electrolyte and two different metals. Huraikan satu eksperimen untuk membuktikan pernyataan di atas dengan menggunakan asid sulfurik cair sebagai elektrolit dan dua logam yang berlainan.

Your explanation must include:Penerangan anda mestilah mengandungi:

Chemical energy can be changed to electrical energy.Tenaga kimia boleh ditukarkan kepada tenaga elektrik.

H

HH

H

C C

a labelled diagram gambar rajah berlabel

procedure prosedur

observation pemerhatian

half equationsetengah persamaan

[10 marks]

10 (a) Alcohol R contains four carbon atoms and is able to show isomerism.Draw and name the structural formulae of two isomers of alcohol R.Alkohol R mengandungi empat karbon atom dan boleh menunjukkan keisomeran.Lukis dan namakan dua formula struktur bagi dua isomer alkohol R.

[4 marks]

(b) Table 10 shows two structural formulae of carbon compounds of P and Q.Jadual 10 menunjukkan dua formula struktur sebatian karbon P dan Q.

Carbon compoundSebatian karbon

Structural formulaFormula struktur

P

Q

Based on Table 10, compare carbon compounds P and Q.Berdasarkan Jadual 10, bandingkan sebatian karbon P dan Q.

[6 marks]

(c) Diagram 10 shows two reagent bottles X and Y. One of the bottles contains hexane while another bottle contains hexene.

Rajah 10 menunjukkan dua botol reagen X dan Y. Satu dari botol-botol tersebut mengandungi heksana dan satu lagi botol mengandungi heksena.

Table 10Jadual 10

X Y

Diagram 10Rajah 10

Describe a chemical test that can be used to verify hexane and hexene in each bottle.

Your explanation should includes:Huraikan satu ujian kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk mengenal pasti heksana dan

heksena dalam setiap botol.Penerangan anda hendaklah mengandungi:

List of apparatus and materials Senarai bahan dan radas

Procedure Prosedur

Observations Pemerhatian

[10 marks]

1. Diagram 1 shows the symbols which represent four elements W, Q, R and S.Rajah 1 menunjukkan simbol yang mewakili empat unsur W, Q, R dan S.

Diagram 1Rajah 1

(a)(i) What is the nucleon number for W?

Apakah nombor nukleon bagi W?

……………………………………………………….....……………………………………

[1 mark]

(ii) Write the electron arrangement of atom W.Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom W.

.……………………………………………………………………………....………………

[1 mark]

(iii) State the position of element R in Periodic Table of Elements. Explain your answer.

Nyatakan kedudukan unsur R dalam Jadual Berkala Berkala. Jelaskan jawapan anda.

…………………………………………………………………..……………………………

……………………………………………………………………..…………………………

……………………………………………………………………..…………………………

[3 marks]

(b)(i) State the atoms that are isotopes.Nyatakan atom – atom yang merupakan isotop.

...................………………………………………………………………………………………...

[1 mark]

(ii) State the reason for your answer in (b)(i).Nyatakan sebab bagi jawapan anda di (b)(i).

…………………………………………………...…………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(c)Which elements in Diagram 1 is a monoatomic gas?Explain your answer.Antara unsur–unsur dalam Rajah 1, yang manakah gas monoatom?Terangkan jawapan anda.

……………………………………………………………………………………...…………..…

………………………………………………………………………………………...……..……

………………………………………………………………………………………….....………

[2 marks]

H H H H n C = C C – C H H H H n Ethene Polyethene Etene Polietena

Diagram 2Rajah 2

2. Diagram 2 shows the equation for the formation of polyethene. Polyethene is a synthetic polymer.Rajah 2 menunjukkan persamaan pembentukan polietena. Polietena merupakan polimer sintetik.

a) (i) What is meant by polymer?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan polimer?

...........

..............……………………………………………………………………………..

...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(ii) Name the process for the formation of polyethene.Namakan proses bagi pembentukan polietena.

………..................…………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(iii) State one use of polyethene in our daily live.Nyatakan satu kegunaan polietena dalam kehidupan harian.

............................………………………………...…………………………………………

[1 mark]

b) Synthetic polymers are widely used today. However they are difficult to dispose.Polimer sintetik mempunyai banyak kegunaan pada masa kini. Bagaimanapun ia sangat

sukar untuk dilupuskan.

(i) It is not wise to dispose synthetic polymers by burning. Explain why.Adalah tidak bijak melupuskan polimer sintetik dengan kaedah pembakaran.Terangkan mengapa.

.........…………………………………………………………………………………………

...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(ii) State two ways to overcome the problem in b(i). Nyatakan dua cara untuk mengatasi masalah di b(i).

.......................………………………………………………………………………………

...........................…………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

c) Table 2 shows three types of glasses used in our daily lives.Jadual 2 menunjukkan tiga jenis kaca yang digunakan dalam kehidupan harian.

Complete Table 2 below.Lengkapkan Jadual 2 di bawah

Type of glassJenis kaca

ComponentKomponen

Example of glassContoh kaca

…………………………………SilicaSilika

MirrorCermin

Borosilicate glassKaca borosilikat

SilicaSilika

…………………….......

Calcium oxideKalsium oksida

Sodium oxideNatrium oksida

Aluminium oxideAluminium oksida

Glass lid of slow cookerPenutup kaca alat memasak

………………………………

SilicaSilika

Sodium oxideNatrium oksida

Calcium oxideKalsium oksida

Water Jug Glass cup Jag air Cawan kaca

[3 marks]3. The mixture of 5.0 cm3 palm oil and 50 cm3 of 5 mol dm -3 sodium hydroxide solutions are boiled in a beaker. Glass rod is used to stir the mixture.

Then 3 spatula of solid sodium chloride and 50 cm3 of distilled water are added.The mixture is heated for another 5 minutes and then allowed to cool.

Campuran 5.0 cm3 minyak sawit dan 50 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 5 mol dm-3 dididihkan dalam bikar. Rod kaca digunakan untuk mengacau campuran itu.

3 spatula pepejal natrium klorida dan 50 cm3 air suling ditambahkan.Campuran dipanaskan lagi selama 5 minit dan kemudian disejukkan.

a) (i) Name the process involved.

Table 2Jadual 2

Namakan proses yang terlibat.

.........…………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(ii) Sodium chloride is added into the mixture.Why? Natrium klorida ditambah kepada campuran.Mengapa?

……………………………………………………………………………………..…………

[1 mark]

b) Diagram 3.1 shows part of the washing action of soap particles on a cloth stained with grease.

Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada tindakan pencucian oleh zarah-zarah sabun ke atas kotoran bergris pada kain.

(i) State the part of a soap particle that is soluble in water.Nyatakan bahagian zarah sabun yang larut dalam air.

...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(ii) What is the effect of soap on the surface tension of water?Apakah kesan sabun ke atas ketegangan permukaan air?

...................................................………………………………………………………….

[1 mark]

WaterAir

ClothKain

GreaseGris


Soap + hard waterSabun + air liat

Cloth Kain

Grease Gris

Beaker Q Bikar Q

Soap + soft waterSabun + air lembut

Cloth Kain

Grease Gris

Beaker P Bikar P

(iii) Based on diagram 3.1, explain how does the anion of soap act on grease?

Berdasarkan rajah 3.1, terangkan bagaimana anion sabun bertindak ke atas gris?

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

c) Based on Diagram 3.2Berdasarkan Rajah 3.2

(i) What is the difference between soft water and hard water?Apakah perbezan antara air lembut dan air liat?

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

(ii) In which beaker is the soap more effective as cleaning agent? Explain why. Dalam bikar manakah sabun bertindak lebih berkesan sebagai agen pembersih?Terangkan mengapa.

...................................................................................................................................


...................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

4. A student carried out an experiment to construct an ionic equation for the formation of barium chromate(VI). Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk membina persamaan ion bagi

pembentukan barium kromat(VI).

Step I 5.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 of potassium chromate(VI) solution is poured into each test tube labelled 1 to 8.

Step II 1.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 of barium chloride solution is added into test tube 1.

Step III Step II is repeated by using test tube 2 to test tube 8 using the volume of barium chloride solution as shown in Table 4.

Step IV All the test tube are shaken and put in the rack to allow barium chromate(VI) to precipitate. The height of the precipitate is measured and recorded.

Langkah I 5.0 cm3 larutan kalium kromat (VI) 0.5 mol dm-3 dimasukkan ke dalam setiap tabung uji yang berlabel 1 hingga 8.

Langkah II 1.0 cm3 larutan barium klorida 0.5 mol dm-3 ditambah ke dalam tabung uji 1. Langkah III Langkah 2 diulangi bagi tabung uji 2 hingga 8 dengan menggunakan isipadu larutan barium klorida seperti dalam Jadual 4

Langkah IV Semua tabung uji digoncangkan dan diletakkan dalam rak supaya barium kromat(VI) termendak. Tinggi mendakan yang terbentuk diukur dan dicatatkan. The result of the experiment is shown in Table 4.

Keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan dalan Jadual 4.

Test tubeTabung uji 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Volume of barium chloride/ cm3

Isipadu barium klorida/ cm3

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

Height of precipitate/ cmTinggi mendakan/cm 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

Table 4Jadual 4

a) What is the colour of the precipitate formed?Apakah warna mendakan yang terbentuk?

..........................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

b) Based on Table 4, plot a graph of the height of precipitate against the volume of barium chloride solution.

Berdasarkan Jadual 4, lukis graf tinggi mendakan melawan isipadu barium klorida.

[3 marks]

c) Based on the plotted graph in (b)Berdasarkan graf yang telah dilukis di (b),

(i) Determine the minimum volume of barium chloride solution needed to completely react with 5.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 potassium chromate (VI) solution.

Tentukan isipadu minimum larutan barium klorida yang diperlukan untuk bertindakbalas lengkap dengan 5.0 cm3 larutan kalium kromat (VI) 0.5 mol dm-3 .

[1 mark]

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of barium ions, Ba2+.Hitungkan bilangan mol bagi ion barium, Ba2+.

[1 mark]

(iii) Calculate the number of moles of chromate(VI) ions, CrO42-.

Hitungkan bilangan mol bagi ion kromat(VI), CrO42-.

[1 mark]

(iv) Calculate the number of moles of chromate(VI) ions, CrO42- that has

reacted with 1 mole of barium ions, Ba2+ .Hitungkan bilangan mol bagi ion kromat(VI), CrO4

2- yang telah bertindakbalas dengan 1 mol ion barium, Ba2+.

[1 mark]

(v) Write the ionic equation for the formation of barium chromate(VI).Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi pembentukan barium kromat(VI).

................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

d) The height of precipitate in test tubes 5,6,7 and 8 remains unchanged. Explain why.

Tinggi mendakan dalam tabung uji 5,6,7 dan 8 tidak berubah. Terangkan mengapa.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

Iron(II) sulphate solutionLarutan ferum(II) sulfat

Chlorine water Air klorin

[1 mark]

5. Diagram 5 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the reaction occurred in test tubes A and B.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi mengkaji tindak balas yang berlaku di dalam tabung uji A dan B.

(a) Based on test tube A, Berdasarkan tabung uji A,

(i) Name the reaction occurred.Namakan tindak balas yang berlaku.

...................................................................................................................................

Test tube ATabung uji A

Test tube BTabung uji B

Agar-agar solution+


solution +

Phenolphthalein

Larutan agar-agar +Larutan kalium

heksasianoferat (III)+Fenolftalein

Iron nail coiled with zincPaku besi yang dililit dengan zink

Diagram 5Rajah 5

[1 mark]

(ii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction.Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi tindak balas tersebut.

...................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

(iii) State a chemical test to verify the product formed.Nyatakan satu ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan hasil yang terbentuk.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

(b) Based on test tube B, Berdasarkan tabung uji B,

(i) State the observation involved. Nyatakan pemerhatian yang terlibat.

...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(ii) Experiment is repeated by using copper to replace zinc. State the observation involved.Eksperimen diulangi dengan menggunakan kuprum bagi menggantikan zink. Nyatakan pemerhatian yang terlibat.

...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(c) Compare the answer in (b)(i) and (b) (ii) and explain why there is a difference in the observation.Bandingkan jawapan di (b)(i) dan (b) (ii) dan terangkan kenapa terdapat perbezaan dalam pemerhatian.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

(d) When iron is exposed to water and oxygen, it rusts easily. State one method to prevent the rusting of iron.

Apabila besi terdedah kepada air dan oksigen, ia mudah berkarat. Nyatakan satu kaedah untuk mengelakkan besi daripada berkarat.

..........................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

6. The equation for combustion of propanol in excess oxygen is given below.Persamaan tindakbalas pembakaran propanol dalam oksigen berlebihan diberikan seperti

berikut.

C3H7OH + 9 O2 3CO2 + 4H2O

∆H= -2015 kJ mol-1

2

(a) State one information that can be obtained from the given equation.

Nyatakan satu maklumat yang boleh diperolehi daripada persamaan yang diberikan.

...........................................……………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(b) Heat given out from the complete combustion of 1.2 g propanol is used to heat 200 cm3 of water.

Haba yang terbebas daripada pembakaran lengkap 1.2 g propanol digunakan untuk memanaskan 200 cm3 air.

Calculate:Hitung:

(i) The heat energy given out in the reaction.Tenaga haba yang dibebaskan dalam tindak balas ini.

[Molar mass of propanol, C3H7OH = 60 gmol-1][Jisim molar bagi propanol, C3H7OH = 60 gmol-1]

[2 marks]

(ii) The temperature change in the reaction.Perubahan suhu dalam tindak balas ini.

[ Spesific heat capacity of water = 4.2 Jg-1 oC-1 ; Density of water = 1 gcm-3 ][ Muatan haba tentu bagi air = 4.2 Jg-1 oC-1 ; Ketumpatan air = 1 gcm-3 ]

[2 marks]

(c) Draw the energy level diagram for this reaction.Lukis gambarajah aras tenaga bagi tindak balas ini.

[3 marks]

(d) The value of the heat of combustion of propanol obtained from the experiment is less than the theoretical value. Suggest one precaution step that should be taken in order to

get a more accurate result.

Nilai haba pembakaran propanol yang diperolehi daripada eksperimen ini lebih rendah daripada nilai teori. Cadangkan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil untuk memperolehi keputusan yang lebih tepat.

..........................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(e) Table 6 shows the molecular formula and the heat of combustion for methanol and ethanol.

Jadual 6 menunjukkan formula molekul dan haba pembakaran bagi methanol dan etanol.

AlcoholAlkohol

Molecular formulaFormula molekul

Heat of combustion/kJmol-1

Haba pembakaran/kJmol-1

MethanolMethanol

CH3OH -728

EthanolEtanol

C2H5OH -1376

Table 6Jadual 6

Based on the information in Table 6, explain why there is a difference in the value of heat of combustion between methanol and ethanol.

Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 6, terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan nilai haba pembakaran antara metanol dan etanol.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................[3 marks]

Section BBahagian B



7. (a) Food can be cooked faster when smaller pieces of charcoal are used compare to bigger pieces of charcoal. Explain why.

Makanan akan lebih cepat masak apabila menggunakan arang yang bersaiz kecil berbanding arang bersaiz besar. Terangkan mengapa.

[4 marks]

(b) A group of students carried out three experiments to investigate the factors affaecting the rate of reaction between sulphuric acid and zinc.Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan tiga eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang

mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas di antara asid sulfurik dan zink.

Table 7 shows the results of the experiments.Jadual 7 menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen itu.

Zinc powder Serbuk zink

50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid50 cm3asid sulfurik1.0 mol dm-3

Hydrogen gasGas hidrogen

Zinc granule Ketulan zink

50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid50 cm3asid sulfurik1.0 mol dm-3


Zinc granule Ketulan zink

50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid50 cm3asid sulfuric 0.5 mol dm-3


ExperimentEksperimen I II III

Set-up of apparatus

Susunan radas

Time taken to collect 40cm3

of hydrogen gas/s Masa yang diambil untuk mengumpulkan 40 cm3 gas hydrogen/s

80 160240

(i) Calculate the average rate of reaction for experiment II.Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi eksperimen II.

[1 mark]

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between zinc and sulphuric acid.

Calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen gas produced in Experiment III.

[ 1 mol of gas occupies the volume of 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure]

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara zink dengan asid sulfurik. Hitungkan isipadu maksimum gas hidrogen yang terhasil dalam Eksperimen III.[ 1 mol gas menempati isipadu sebanyak 24 dm3 pada suhu dan tekanan bilik]

[5 marks]

(iii) Based on Table 7, compare the rate of reaction between

Table 7Jadual 7

0.0001 mol dm-3 potassium iodide solutionLarutan kalium iodida 0.0001 mol dm-3

A



Berdasarkan Jadual 7 bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara

Experiment I and experiment II Eksperimen I and experiment II

Experiment II and experimen III Eksperimen II dan eksperimen III

In each case, explain the difference in the rate of reaction with reference to the Collision Theory.

Bagi setiap kes, terangkan perbezaan kadar tindak balas dengan merujuk kepada Teori Perlanggaran.

[10 marks]

8 (a) Diagram 8.1 shows the set-up of the apparatus to study the electrolysis of potassium iodide solution.

Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji elektrolisis larutan kalium iodida.


Copper(II) sulphatesolution

Larutan kuprum (II) sulfat

Copper kuprum Aluminium

Aluminium

V

Copper kuprum

(i) State the ions attracted at electrode P and electrode Q.Nyatakan ion-ion yang tertarik pada elektrod P dan elektrod Q.

[2 marks]

(ii) Name the products formed at electrode P and electrode Q.Namakan hasil yang terbentuk pada elektrod P dan elektrod Q.

[2 marks]

(iii) If the experiment is repeated by using 1.0 mol dm-3 of potassium iodide solution: Name the products formed at electrode P and electrode Q Write half equations for both electrodes Describe a confirmatory test to verify the presence of the product

formed at electrode P

Sekiranya eksperimen ini diulangi dengan menggunakan larutan kalium iodida 1.0 mol dm-3: Namakan hasil yang terbentuk pada elektrod P dan elektrod Q Tulis setengah persamaan bagi kedua-dua elektrod Huraikan ujian pengesahan untuk mengesahkan kehadiran hasil yang

terbentuk pada elektrod P

[6 marks]

(b) Diagram 8.2 shows two type of cells.Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan dua jenis sel.

Cell X Cell Y


Compare and contrast cell X and cell Y in term of:

Type of cell The energy change The terminals of the cells Ions presence in the electrolyte Observation Half equation for both electrodes Name of the processes occurred at the positive terminal of each cell

Banding dan beza sel X dan sel Y dari segi: Jenis sel Perubahan tenaga Terminal bagi kedua-dua sel Ion-ion yang hadir dalm elektrolit Pemerhatian Setengah persamaan bagi kedua-dua elektrod Nama proses yang berlaku pada terminal positif kedua-dua sel

[10 marks]

Section CBahagian C


Answer any one question from this section.Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian

9. (a) Alkene X contains four carbon atoms and is able to show isomerism.Draw and name the structural formulae of two isomers of alkene X.Alkena X mengandungi empat atom karbon dan boleh menunjukkan keisomeran.Lukis dan namakan dua formula struktur bagi dua isomer alkena X.

[4 marks]

(b) Table 9 shows the information of compound P and compound Q.Jadual 9 menunjukkan maklumat mengenai sebatian P dan sebatian Q.

Compound PSebatian P

Compound QSebatian Q

Has 4 carbon atomsMempunyai 4 atom karbon

Unsaturated hydrocarbonHidrokarbon tidak tepu

Has 4 carbon atomsMempunyai 4 atom karbon

Saturated hydrocarbonHidrokarbon tepu

Based on the information in Table 9Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 9

draw the structural formulae lukis formula struktur

name the functional group namakan kumpulan berfungsi

write the general formula tulis formula am

for compound P and compound Q.untuk sebatian P dan sebatian Q.

[6 marks]

(c) Diagram 9 shows two reagent bottles M and N. One of the bottles contains ethanol while another bottle contains ethanoic acid.

Rajah 9 menunjukkan dua botol reagen M dan N. Satu daripada botol-botol tersebut mengandungi etanol dan satu lagi botol mengandungi asid etanoik.

Table 9Jadual 9

NM

Describe a chemical test that can be used to verify ethanol and ethanoic acid in each bottle. Your explanation should include:

Huraikan satu ujian kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk mengenal pasti etanol dan asid etanoik dalam setiap botol. Penerangan anda hendaklah mengandungi:

List of apparatus and materials Senarai bahan dan radas

Procedure Prosedur

Observations Pemerhatian

[10 marks]

10. a) Isotopes have important uses in our daily lives, for example in medicine, industry, agriculture and archeology.

Choose two of the above examples.State an isotope and its purposes in each example that you have chosen.

Isotop mempunyai kegunaan yang penting dalam kehidupan harian, contohnya dalam bidang perubatan, industri, peretanian dan arkeologi.

Pilih dua contoh di atas. Nyatakan isotop dan kegunaannya dalam setiap contoh yang anda pilih.

[4 marks]

b) Table 10.1 shows the electron arrangement of compound X and Y.Jadual 10. menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi sebatian X dan Y.

CompoundSebatian


Daigram 9Rajah 9

R

RR Q

R

X

Y

(i) Based on Table 10.1, determine the types of compound X and Y.Berdasarkan Jadual 10.1, tentukan jenis sebatian X dan Y.

[2 marks]

(ii) Compound X and compound Y have different physical properties. Choose one of the physical properties that can differentiate between compound X

and Y. Explain the difference in the physical properties between compound X and Y.

Sebatian X dan sebatian Y mempunyai sifat fizik yang berbeza.Plih satu sifat fizik tersebut yang dapat membezakan antara sebatian X and Y.Terangkan perbezaan sifat fizik tersebut di antara sebatian X dan Y.

[4 marks]

c) Table 10.2 shows the electron arrangement for atoms W, X, Y and Z. These letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.

Table 10.1Jadual 10.1

Solid QPepejal Q

Gas QGas Q

Process XProses X

Process YProses Y

Jadual 10.2 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom-atom W, X, Y and Z. Huruf-huruf ini bukanlah merupakan simbol sebenar unsur.

ElementUnsur


W 2.4

X 2.6

Y 2.8.1

Z 2.8.2

Using the information in Table 10.2, choose any two elements and explain how ionic and covalent compound are formed.

Gunakan maklumat dalam Jadual 10.2, pilih mana-mana dua unsur dan terangkan bagaimana sebatian ion dan sebatian kovalen terbentuk.

[10 marks]

1 Diagram 1.1 shows the inter-conversion of the two states of matter of substance Q. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan perubahan dua keadaan jirim bagi bahan Q.


(a) Name process X.Namakan proses X.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

Table 10.2 Jadual 10.2

(b) When substance Q changes from gas to solid, state the change in term of :Apabila bahan Q berubah daripada keadaan gas kepada pepejal, nyatakan perubahan dari segi :

(i) The energy of the particlesTenaga kinetik zarah-zarah

………………………………………………………………………………………...[1 mark]

(ii) The forces of attraction between the particlesDaya tarikan antara zarah-zarah

………………………………………………………………………………………...[1 mark]

(c) Draw the arrangement of particles of substance Q in solid state.Lukiskan susunan zarah-zarah bahan Q dalam keadaan pepejal.

[1 mark]

after 1 hour

selepas 1 jamcopper(II) sulphatecrystal hablur kuprum(II) sulfat

blue colour of copper(II) sulphate crystal spreads throughout the waterwarna biru hablur kuprum(II) sulfat merebak ke seluruh air

waterair

(d) Diagram 1.2 and Diagram 1.3 shows the apparatus set up of two experiments.Rajah 1.2 dan Rajah 1.3 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi dua eksperimen.



(i) State the name of the process involved in both experiments.Nyatakan nama proses yang terlibat dalam kedua-dua eksperimen.

……………………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

(ii) State the type of particles in copper(II) sulphate crystal.Nyatakan jenis zarah yang terdapat dalam hablur kuprum(II) sulfat.

……………………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

(iii) Based on Diagram 1.2 and Diagram 1.3, explain the differences in the observation by using kinetic theory of matter.Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2 dan Rajah 1.3, terangkan perbezaan dalam pemerhatian dengan menggunakan teori kinetik jirim.

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….[3 marks]

2 Diagram 2 shows part of the Periodic Table of the Elements. W, X, Y and Z do not represent the actual symbol of the elements.Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur. W, X, Y dan Z tidak mewakili simbol sebenar unsur berkenaan.

X Z Y W

Diagram 2Rajah 2

Using the letters in the Periodic Table of the Elements in Diagram 2, answer the following questions.

Dengan menggunakan huruf yang terdapat dalam Jadual Berkala pada Rajah 2, jawab soalan berikut :

(a) Choose an element that is an inert gas.Pilih satu unsur gas nadir.

………………………………………………………………………………………..........[1 mark]

(b) (i) Arrange W,X, Y and Z according to the decrease in size of atoms.Susun W,X, Y dan Z mengikut pengurangan saiz atom.

……………………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

(ii) Explain the answer in (b) (i).Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (b) (i).

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….[2 marks]

(c) (i) Which element is a transition element?Unsur yang manakah merupakan unsur peralihan?

……………………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

(ii) State one special characteristic of transition element.Nyatakan satu ciri istimewa unsur peralihan.

……………………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

(d) Draw the electron arrangement for atom X.Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi atom X.

[1 mark]

(e) Write the chemical equation when X reacts with oxygen.Tuliskan persamaan kimia apabila X bertindak balas dengan oksigen.

……………………………………………………………………………………………...[2 marks]

3 Diagram 3.1 shows the aloe vera plant.Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan pokok lidah buaya.


Aloe vera plant can be used as a traditional medicine.Pokok lidah buaya boleh digunakan sebagai ubat tradisional.

(a) (i) State one function of aloe vera as a traditional medicine.Nyatakan satu fungsi pokok lidah buaya sebagai ubat tradisional.

……………………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

(ii) Name one traditional medicine that can cure wind in the body.Namakan satu ubat tradisional yang dapat merawat angin dalam badan.

……………………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

(b) Table 3 shows two types of medicine and their examples.

Jadual 3 menunjukkan dua jenis ubat moden dan contohnya.

Type of medicineJenis ubat

ExampleContoh

XAspirinAspirin

YStreptomycinSreptomisin

Table 3Jadual 3

Based on the Table 3, answer the following questions :Berdasarkan Jadual 3, jawab soalan-soalan berikut :

(i) State X and Y:Nyatakan X dan Y:

X : …………………………………………………………………………………

Y : …………………………………………………………………………………[2 marks]

(ii) Why must a patient complete all the streptomycin as prescribed by the doctor? Mengapa pesakit perlu mengambil hingga habis ubat streptomisin seperti yang disarankan oleh doctor ?

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….[2 marks]

(iii) A doctor found that a patient is suffered with tuberculosis and pneumonia.State a suitable medicine that can be prescribed by the doctor.Seorang doktor mendapati pesakitnya mengalami penyakit tibi dan pneumonia . Apakah jenis ubat yang sesuai disarankan oleh doktor tersebut.

……………………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

HeatPanaskan

Palm oil Minyak sawit

+Concentrated Sodium hydroxide solution

Larutan natrium hidroksida pekat

Distilled waterAir suling

+Sodium chlorideNatrium klorida

(c) Diagram 3.2 shows the apparatus set-up to prepare soap.Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi menyediakan sabun.


(i) Name the process for the preparation of soap.Namakan proses bagi penyediaan sabun.

……………………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

Part XBahagian X

Part YBahagian Y

CH3

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

(ii) Diagram 3.3 shows the structure of a soap ion. Rajah 3.3 menunjukkan struktur satu ion sabun.


State the part of the soap ion that is soluble in water. Nyatakan bahagian ion sabun yang larut dalam air.

……………………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

(iii) The oily stains on cloth cannot be removed when wash in hard water by using soap. Explain why.Kotoran berminyak pada pakaian tidak dapat ditanggalkan apabila dibersihkan dalam air liat dengan menggunakan sabun. Terangkan mengapa.

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….[2 marks]

4 Diagram 4.1 shows the apparatus set-up for the neutralisation reaction between nitric acid and potassium hydroxide solution for preparation of salt X.Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk tindak balas peneutralan antara asid nitrik dan larutan kalium hidroksida untuk penyediaan garam X.


(a) State the colour change of the solution in the conical flask at the end point.Nyatakan perubahan warna larutan dalam kelalang kon pada takat akhir.

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

(b) (i) State the name of salt X.Namakan garam X.

……………………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

(ii) Write a chemical equation for the above reaction.Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di atas.

……………………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

(iii) Calculate the maximum mass of salt X formed.[Molar mass of salt X = 101 g mol-1]Hitungkan jisim maksimum garam X yang terbentuk. [Jisim molar garam X = 101 g mol-1]

20.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3

potassium hydroxide solution + phenolphthalein indicator20.0 cm3 larutan kalium hidroksida 0.5 mol dm-3 + penunjuk fenolftalein

20.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 nitric acid20.0 cm3 asid nitrik 0.5 mol

[3 marks]

(c) (i) The experiment is repeated with 0.5 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid to replace nitric acid. Predict the volume of sulphuric acid needed to neutralize completely.Eksperimen itu diulangi dengan menggunakan 0.5 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik bagi menggantikan asid nitrik. Ramalkan isipadu asid sulfurik yang diperlukan untuk peneutralan lengkap.

……………………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

(ii) Explain your answer in (c) (i).Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (c) (i).

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….[2 marks]

(iii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction in (c) (i).Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi tindak balas dalam (c) (i).

……………………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

5 Diagram 5.1 shows the reaction of propanol to form compound R.

Process IProses I

HydrogenationPenghidrogenanCH3CH2CH2OH

Propanol

C3H6Compound QSebatian Q

C3H8Compound RSebatian R

Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan tindak balas propanol untuk menghasilkan sebatian R.


(a) Name the homologous series of propanol.Namakan siri homolog bagi propanol.

……………………………………………………………………………………………...[1 mark]

(b) Compound Q,C3H6 is produced through Process I. Draw and name the structural formula of compound Q.Sebatian Q, C3H 6 dihasilkan melalui Proses I.Lukis dan namakan formula struktur bagi sebatian Q.

[2 marks]

(c) Draw the apparatus set-up for process I.Lukis susunan radas bagi proses I.

[2 marks]

(d) Compound Q and compound R burnt incompletely and produce soot.Calculate the percentage of carbon for compound Q and compound R.[Relative atomic mass : C = 12; H = 1]Sebatian Q dan sebatian R terbakar tidak lengkap dan menghasilkan jelaga.Hitungkan peratus karbon bagi sebatian Q dan sebatian R.[Jisim atom relatif : C = 12; H = 1]

[2 marks]

(e) Based on the calculation in (d), Berdasarkan pengiraan di (d),

Compare the sootiness produced from compound Q and compound R. Explain.Bandingkan kejelagaan yang terhasil daripada sebatian Q dan sebatian R.Terangkan.

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

[2 marks]

(f) Compound Q undergoes hydrogenation process to produce compound R.Sebatian Q mengalami proses penghidrogenan untuk menghasilkan sebatian R.

State the catalyst and temperature used in this process.Nyatakan mangkin dan suhu yang digunakan dalam proses ini.

(i) Catalyst

5 g of zinc powder5 g sebuk zink

50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 copper(II) sulphate solution50 cm3 larutan kuprum(II) sulfat 0.2 mol dm-3

Plastic cupCawan plastik

Mangkin : ………………………………………………..

(ii) TemperatureSuhu : …………………………………………………

[2 marks]

6 Diagram 6 shows the apparatus set-up to determine heat of displacement of copper by using zinc powder.The result of the experiment is recorded in the Table 6.Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan haba penyesaran bagi kuprum dengan menggunakan serbuk zink.Keputusan eksperimen dicatat dalam Jadual 6.

Diagram 6Rajah 6

Initial temperature of copper(II) sulphate solution (oC)Suhu awal larutan kuprum(II) sulfat (oC)

30.0

Highest temperature of the mixture (oC)Suhu tertinggi campuran (oC) 38.0

Table 6Rajah 6

(a) What is the meaning of heat of displacement?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan haba penyesaran?

……………………………………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………………………………...[1 mark]

(b) State the type of reaction that occurs based on the temperature change.Nyatakan jenis tindak balas yang berlaku berdasarkan perubahan suhu.

……………………………………………………………………………………………...[1 mark]

(c) Calculate :Kira :

(i) the heat change for the reaction[Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g-1 oC-1; Density of solution = 1 g cm-3]

perubahan haba bagi tindak balas.[Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 J g-1 oC-1; Ketumpatan larutan = 1 g cm-

3]

[1 marks]

(ii) the heat of displacement for the reaction.haba penyesaran bagi tindak balas.

[2 marks]

(d) Draw energy level diagram for the reaction.Lukiskan gambar rajah aras tenaga bagi tindak balas tersebut.

[3 marks]

(e) Experiment I is repeated by using 100 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 of copper(II) sulphate solution.Eksperimen I diulangi dengan menggunakan 100 cm3 larutan kuprum(II) sulfat 0.2 mol dm-3.

(i) Based on Experiment I, predict the temperature change for the reaction.

Berdasarkan Eksperimen I, ramalkan perubahan suhu bagi tindak balas tersebut.

……………………………………………………………………………………...[1 mark]

(ii) Explain your answer in (e) (i).Terangkan jawapan dalam (e) (i).

……………………………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………………………...[2 marks]

Section BBahagian B



7 (a) The following information is about two solution of ammonia.Maklumat berikut adalah tentang dua larutan ammonia.

Explain why dry red litmus paper turns blue in solution A and remain red in solution B.Terangkan mengapa kertas litmus merah bertukar biru dalam larutan A dan kekal tidak berubah dalam larutan B.

[4 marks]

(b) In a tiration, 22.00 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid is required to neutralise 25.00 cm3 of potassium hydroxide solution.Dalam satu pentitratan 22.00 cm3 asid hidroklorik diperlukan untuk meneutralkan 25.00 cm3 larutan kalium hidroksida.

(i) Write the chemical equation of the reaction.Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.

(ii) Calculate the concentration of potassium hydroxide used in this experiment.Hitung kepekatan larutan kalium hidroksida yang digunakan dalam eksperimen ini.

[4 marks]

(c) The sting of a jelly-fish is alkaline and caused pain.

Solution A : Ammonia dissolve in water.Larutan A : Ammonia dilarutkan dalam air.

Solution B : Ammonia dissolve in methylbenzeneLarutan B : Ammonia dilarutkan dalam metilbenzena.

Suggest one substance that can applied to the skin to relieve the pain without causing further injury. Explain your answer.Sengatan obor-obor adalah beralkali dan menyebabkan kesakitan.Cadangkan satu bahan yang boleh disapu pada kulit untuk mengurangkan sakit tanpa menyebabkan kecederaan seterusnya.Terangkan jawapan anda.

[2 marks]

(d) Table 7 shows the information and pH value of sulphuric acid and ethanoic acid.Jadual 7 menunjukkan maklumat dan nilai pH bagi asid sulfurik dan asid etanoik.

Table 7Jadual 7

Based on information in Table 7, compare between sulphuric acid and ethanoic acid. Your comparison should refer to the following aspects:

chemical formula, basicity, the ions formed when ionised in water, ionisation equation, degree of ionisation and the strength of both acids.

Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 7, bandingkan antara asid sulfurik dan asid etanoik. Perbandingan anda hendaklah merujuk kepada aspek-aspek berikut:

Formula kimia, kebesan, ion-ion yang terbentuk apabila mengion dalam air,

AcidAsid

pH

1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acidAsid sulfuric 1.0 mol dm-3 1

1.0 mol dm-3 ethanoic acidAsid etanoik 1.0 mol dm-3 5

persamaan pengionan, darjah pengionan dan kekuatan untuk kedua-dua asid.

[10 marks]

8 Table 8 shows the data from Experiment I and Experiment II that were carried out to study the rate of reaction of zinc with two acids, hydrochloric acid and acid P.Jadual 8 menunjukkan data daripada Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II yang dijalankan untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara zink dengan dua asid, asid hidroklorik dan asid P.

ExperimentEksperime

n

ReactantsBahan tindak balas

ProductHasil tindak balas


I

2.6 g of zinc and 50 cm3 of hydrochloric acid,HCl 2.0 mol dm-3

2.6 g zink dengan 50 cm3 asid hidroklorik,HCl 2.0 mol dm-3

Zinc chloride and hydrogen gas

Zink klorida dan gas hidrogen

The temperature of the mixture

increases

Suhu campuran meningkat

II

2.6 g of zinc and 50 cm3 of acid P 2.0 mol dm-3

2.6 g zink dengan 50 cm3 asid P 2.0 mol dm-

3

Zink ethanoate and hydrogen gas

Zink ethanoate dan gas hidrogen

The temperature of the mixture

increases

Suhu campuran meningkat

Table 8Jadual 8

(a) (i) State the name of acid P.Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of this acid with zinc.Namakan asid P.Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas asid ini dengan zink.

[3 marks]

(ii) Catalyst is needed to increase the rate of reaction in Experiment I.Draw an energy profile diagram for Experiment I.On the energy profile diagram, show the

Activation energy without catalyst, Ea Activation energy with catalyst, Ea’

Explain the energy profile diagram.Lukis satu gambar rajah profil tenaga untuk tindak balas dalam Eksperimen I. Pada gambar rajah profil tenaga itu tunjukkan:

Tenaga pengaktifan tanpa mangkin,Ea. Tenaga pengaktifan dengan mangkin, Ea’

Terangkan gambar rajah profil tenaga itu.[7 marks]

(b) Another experiment is carried out to study the factors that affect the rate of the reaction.Diagram 8 shows a graph obtained from an experiment using magnesium ribbon that reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.Eksperimen lain telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. Rajah 8 menunjukkan graf yang diperolehi daripada eksperimen menggunakan pita magnesium yang bertindak balas dengan asid hidroklorik cair.

Volume of hydrogen gas/cm3

Isipadu gas hydrogen/cm3

III II

I

Time/s

Masa/s

Diagram 8

(i) If curve I represents the result from the experiment using excess magnesium ribbon reacting with 50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid,describe briefly an experiment to obtain the curve labelled II.

Jika lengkung I mewakili keputusan eksperimen menggunakan pita magnesium berlebihan yang bertindak balas dengan 50 cm3 0.5 mol dm-3 asid hidroklorik,huraikan dengan ringkas suatu eksperimen untuk mendapatkan lengkung berlabel II.

[3 marks]

(ii) State the reason for your suggested changes in (b)(i) and explain based on the collision theory.

2V

V

P Q

Nyatakan sebab bagi cadangan perubahan dalam (b)(i) dan terangkan berdasarkan Teori Perlanggaran.

[ 6 marks]

(iii) Suggest one factor that influence the rate of reaction to obtain curve III. Cadangkan satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas untuk mendapatkan lengkung III.

[1 mark]

9 Diagram 9 shows the atomic structure of four elements P, Q, R and S. Rajah 9 menunjukkan struktur atom bagi empat unsur P, Q, R dan S.

Diagram 9Rajah 9

(a) Based on Diagram 9, two types of compounds can be formed between two different atoms.Table 9 shows the information about the compoundsBerdasarkan Rajah 9, dua jenis sebatian boleh dihasilkan antara dua atom yang berlainan.Jadual 9 menunjukkan maklumat sebatian tersebut.

Type of compoundJenis sebatian .......................................................... ..........................................................2 different atoms2 atom berlainan ......................... and ………………… ......................... and …………………Electron arrangement diagramGambar rajah susunan elektron

R S

Melting point and boiling pointTakat lebur dan takat didih

High Low

Table 9Jadual 9

(i) Copy and complete your answer in Table 9. Salin dan lengkapkan jawapan anda dalam Jadual 9.

[6 marks]

(ii) Based on two atoms that you have chosen in Table 6, explain how the formation of ionic bonding and covalent bonding are different.Berdasarkan dua atom yang anda pilih dalam Jadual 6, terangkan bagaimana pembentukan ikatan ionik dan ikatan kovalen berbeza.

[4 marks]

(b)

Plan a laboratory experiment to verify the above statement.Rancang satu eksperimen makmal untuk mengesahkan pernyataan di atas.

[10 marks]

When going down Group I in the Periodic Table of Element, the reactivity of elements increases.Apabila menuruni Kumpulan I dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. kereaktifan unsur-unsur bertambah

Potassium iodide solutionLarutan kalium iodida

Solution XLarutan X

Dilute sulphuric acidAsid sulfurik cair



G

10 (a) Diagram 10 shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment to investigate electron transfer in a redox reaction.Rajah 10 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji pemindahan elektron dalam satu tindak balas redoks.

Diagram 10Rajah 10

(i) Suggest one possible solution for X.Cadangkan satu larutan yang mungkin bagi X.

.

(ii) Describe the redox reaction in term of the electron transfer at electrodes P and Q. Your answer should be based on the following aspects:

The direction of the flow of electron Observation at electrode Q Half equations at electrodes P and Q Redox equation

R

Fe

S

Electropositivity of metal decreasesKeelektropositifan logam berkurang

The type of processes that occurs at electrodes P and Q

Huraikan tindak balas redoks dari segi pemindahan elektron pada kedua-dua elektrod P dan Q. Jawapan anda hendaklah berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:

Arah pengaliran elektron Pemerhatian di elektrod Q Setengah persamaan pada elektrod P dan elektrod Q Persamaan redoks Jenis proses yang berlaku pada elektrod P dan Q

[10 marks]

(b) The information shows the position of metal R, iron and metal S in the Electrochemical Series.Maklumat berikut menunjukkan kedudukan logam R, besi dan logam S dalam Siri Elektrokimia..

By naming R and S, describe a laboratory experiment to study the effect of metal R and S on the rusting of iron.Your answer should include:

A labelled diagram Apparatus and materials Procedure Observation Conclusion

Dengan menamakan R dan S, huraikan suatu eksperimen makmal untuk mengkaji kesan logam R dan S pada pengaratan besi.Jawapan anda haruslah mengandungi:

Gambar rajah berlabel Radas dan bahan Prosedur Pemerhatian Kesimpulan

[10 marks]

1 Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up for preparing soap.Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menyediakan sabun.

(a) Name the process.Namakan proses itu.

………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

[1 markah] (b) A student wants to prepare sodium palmitate soap.

Name alkali X used in step 1 Seorang pelajar ingin menyediakan sabun kalium palmitat.Namakan alkali X yang digunakan dalam langkah 1.

.......................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

[1 markah](c) (i) Substance Y is added in the mixture in step 2.

Name substance YBahan Y dimasukkan kedalam campuran dalam langkah 2Namakan bahan Y.

………………………………………………………………………………………................. [1 mark]

[1 markah]

Stir Kacau

10 cm3 of palm oil 10 cm3 minyak kelapa sawit

Heat Panaskan

Alkali X Alkali X

Step 1Langkah 1

Substance YBahan Y

Step 2Langkah 2

MixtureCampuran


(ii) State why substance Y is added to the mixture.Nyatakan mengapa bahan Y ditambah kepada campuran itu.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

[1 markah](d) Diagram 1.2 shows the structure of the anion of a soap molecule.

Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan struktur anion molekul sabun.

O ||

CH3 – (CH2)14 – C– O


(i) Circle the hydrophilic part, in Diagram 1.2Bulatkan bahagian hidrofilik, dalam Rajah 1.2.

[1 mark] [1 markah]

(ii) Which part is soluble in grease?Bahagian manakah boleh larut dalam gris?

………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(iii) Clothes becomes clean and does not form scum when wash with soap. Mark (√) in the box in Table 1.3 to the correct type of water used.Pakaian menjadi bersih dan tidak membentuk kekat apabila dicuci dengan sabun. Tandakan (√) dalam kotak dalam Jadual 1.3 untuk menunjukkan jenis air yang digunakan.

[ 1 mark][1 markah

Table 1.3Jadual 1.3

Hard waterAir liat

Soft waterAir lembut

(e) Table 1.4 shows the functions of two types of food additivesJadual 1.4 menunjukkan fungsi bagi dua jenis bahan tambah makanan.

FunctionFungsi

Type of Food AdditivesJenis Bahan Tambah Makanan

To prevent growth of microorganism.Menghalang pertumbuhan mikroorganisma.

P: ………………………………………….

To prevent oxidation that causes rancid fats and brown food. Menghalang pengoksidaan yang menyebabkan lemak tengik dan makanan berwarna perang.

Q: ………………………………………….

Table 1.4Jadual 1.4

Complete the Table 1.4Lengkapkan Jadual 1.4

[2 marks] [2 markah]

2.

(a) Diagram 2 shows the standard representation of two isotopes of chlorine atoms.Rajah 2 menunjukkan perwakilan atom bagi dua isotop atom klorin.

Diagram 2Rajah 2

(i) Based on Diagram 2, state the meaning of isotope.Berdasarkan Rajah 2, nyatakan maksud isotop.

........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................[2 marks][2 markah]

(ii) Determine the number of neutrons in Tentukan bilangan neutron dalam

1735 Cl :………………………………………

1737 Cl :……………………………………….

[2 marks][ 2 markah]

(iii) State one use of chlorine in our daily lives.Nyatakan satu kegunaan klorin dalam kehidupan seharian.

………………………………………………………………………………………….

1735 Cl 17

37 Cl

[1 mark][ 1 markah]

(b) X is a substance that has melting point of 43oC and boiling point of 89oC.X adalah satu bahan yang mempunyai takat lebur 43 0C dan takat didih 89 0C.

(i) Sketch a graph of temperature against time when substance X is heated from 30 0C to 80 0C.Lakarkan graf suhu melawan masa apabila bahan X dipanaskan daripada 30 0C hingga 80 0C.

[2 marks][2 markah]

(ii) Explain the arrangement of particles in substance X at :Terangkan susunan zarah dalam bahan X pada :

30 0C : …………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………….

80 0C : ……………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………….[2 marks][2 markah]

3 Nitric acid is a strong acid and ethanoic acid is a weak acid. Table 3 shows the concentration of each acid solution.

Asid nitrik adalah asid kuat dan asid etanoik adalah asid lemah. Jadual 3 menunjukkan kepekatan setiap larutan asid..

AcidAsid

Concentration (mol dm-3)Kepekatan (mol dm-3)

Nitric acid solutionLarutan asid nitrik 0.10

Ethanoic acid solutionLarutan asid etanoik 0.10

Table 3Jadual 3

(a) State the meaning of acid.Nyatakan maksud asid.

.......................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

[1 markah](b) Give a name of another strong acid.

Berikan satu nama asid kuat yang lain.

................................................................................................................................. ...... [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(c) Nitric acid solution and ethanoic acid solution in Table 3 have different pH values.Larutan asid nitrik dan larutan asid etanoik dalam Jadual 3 mempunyai nilai pH yang berbeza.

(i) Which solution gives a higher pH value?Larutan yang manakah memberi nilai pH yang lebih tinggi?

.......................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) Give one reason for the answer in 3(c)(i).Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan di 3(c)(i).

.......................................................................................................................................[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(d) 30 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide solution is poured in a conical flask. Then a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution are added. The solution is titrated with nitric acid solution in Table 3.30 cm3 larutan kalium hidroksida 0.1 mol dm-3 dimasukkan ke dalam kelalang kon. Kemudian beberapa titis larutan penunjuk fenolftalein ditambah. Larutan ini dititratkan dengan larutan asid nitrik dalam Jadual 3.

(i) State the type of reaction between potassium hydroxide solution and nitric acid solution.Nyatakan jenis tindak balas antara larutan kalium hidroksida dengan larutan asid nitrik.

............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) What is the colour change of the mixture at the end point?Apakah perubahan warna campuran itu pada takat akhir?

............................................................................................................................[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(iii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.

............................................................................................................................

[2 marks][2 markah]

(iv) Calculate the volume of the nitric acid used.Hitung isipadu asid hidroklorik yang digunakan.

[2 marks][2 markah]

4 A student carried out two experiments to investigate the effect of concentration of hydrochloric on the rate of reaction.. Table 4 shows the results of the experiments.

Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk menyiasat kesan kepekatan asid hidroklorik ke atas kadar sesuatu tindak balas. Jadual 4 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen.

Experiment DiagramTime taken for all

magnesium dissolve/sMasa yang diambil untuk

semua magnesium melarut/s

I

Gas bubblesGelembunggas

30

1.2 g magnesium ribbon 1.2 g pita magnesium1g pita magnesium

Excess hydrochloric acid 1 mol dm-3

asid hidroklorik 1 mol dm-3

berlebihan

IIGas bubblesGelembonggas

60

Table 4Jadual 4

(a) (i) Name the gas released in the experimentNamakan gas yang terbebas dalam eksperimen ini

…………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark][1 markah]

(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid.Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara magnesium dengan asid hidroklorik.

……………………………………………………………………………...................[2 marks][2 markah]

(iii) Calculate the maximum volume of the gas released at room temperature in this experiment.[Relative atomic mass : Mg,24;Volume of 1 mole of gas at room temperature = 24 dm3 ]Hitung isipadu maksimum gas yang terbebas pada suhu bilik dalam eksperimen ini.

1.2 g magnesium ribbon 1.2 g pita magnesium

Excess hydrochloric acid 0.5 mol dm-3

asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm-3

berlebihan

CopperKuprum

ZincZink

Copper (II) nitrate solutionLarutankuprum(II) nitrat

Copper Kuprum

[Jisim atom relatif : Mg,24;Isipadu 1mol gas pada suhu bilik = 24 dm3 ]

[3 marks][3 markah]

(b) Compare the rate of reaction between experiment I and experiment II.Explain.Bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara eksperimen I dan eksperimen II. Terangkan

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2 marks]

[2 markah]

(c) State two other factors that can affect the rate of reaction in this eksperiment.Nyatakan dua faktor lain yang boleh mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas dalam eksperimen ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2 marks]

[2 markah]

5. Diagram 5 shows two types of electrochemical cells.Rajah 5 menunjukkan dua jenis sel elektrokimia.

A

Cell ASelA

(a) State all the anion present in the copper(II) nitrate solution.Nyatakan semua anion yang terdapat dalam larutan kuprum(II) nitrat.

……………………………………………………………….......................................................[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(b) (i) Name the type of Cell A.Namakan jenis Sel A.

…………………………………………………………………………………..……...[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) State one use of Cell A in industry.Nyatakan satu kegunaan Sel A di dalam industri.

……………………………………………………………………………………........[1mark]

[1 markah]

(c) (i) State the observation at the anode in Cell A.Nyatakan pemerhatian pada anod dalam Sel A.

…………………..…………………………………………………………………...... [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) Based on the answer at (c)(i) write the half equation for the reaction occurs at anode in Cell A.Berdasarkan jawapan pada(c)(i) tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di anode dalam Sel A.

…………………………….…………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(d) Name the product formed at the cathode if copper electrodes in Cell A are replaced by carbon electrodes.

Cell BSelB

Diagram 5Rajah 5

Namakan hasil yang terbentuk di katod jika elektrod kuprum dalam Sel A diganti oleh elektrod karbon.

………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

[1 markah]

(e) Based on Cell B,Berdasarkan Sel B,

(i) show the flow of electrons direction in Cell B.tunjukkan arah pergerakan elektron dalam Sel B.

[1 mark][1 markah]

(ii) State the negative terminal and positive terminal.Nyatakan terminal negatif dan terminal positif.

Negative terminal:Terminal negatif :

.....………………………………………………………...............................

Positive terminal: Terminal positif :

………………………………………………………………………...............[2 marks]

[2 markah]

(f) State the colour change of copper(II) nitrate solution in Cell B.Explain your answer.Nyatakan perubahan warna larutan kuprum(II) nitrate dalam Sel B.Terangkan jawapan anda.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2 marks][2 markah]

6. The following information is about compound C2 H4 .Maklumat berikut adalah mengenai sebatian C2H4.

Gas at room temperature

Gas pada suhu bilik

Undergoes combustion Menjalani pembakaran

Member of a homologous series Ahli suatu siri homolog

(a) What is the name of this compound? Apakah nama bagi sebatian ini?

.......................................................................................................................................[1 mark][1 mark]

(b) State the general formula and the functional group for the homologous series of this compound.

Nyatakan formula am dan kumpulan berfungsi bagi siri homologous sebatian ini?

.......................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

[2 mark]

(c) Compound C2H4 burns in excess oxygen. Write the chemical equation for this reaction. Sebatian C2H4 terbakar dalam oksigen berlebihan.Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.

.......................................................................................................................................[2 marks]

[2 mark] (d) Ethanol undergoes dehydration to produce compound C2H4.

Etanol mengalami pendehidratan untuk menghasilkan sebatian C2H4.

(i) Name one dehydrating agent for this reaction. Namakan satu agen pendehidartan bagi tindak balas ini.

............................................................................................................................[1 mark][1 mark]

(ii) Draw the apparatus set-up diagram for thedehydration reaction that can be used to collect compound C2H4.

Lukiskan gambar rajah susunan radas untuk tindak balas pendehidratan yang boleh digunakan untuk mengumpul sebatian C2H4

[2 marks][2 mark]

(e) Table 6 shows the results of a test to differentiate between compound C2H4

and ethane. Jadual 6 menunjukkan keputusan ujian untuk membezakan antara sebatian C2H4 dan etana.

ProcedureProsedur

ObservationsPemerhatian

Compound C2H4 flow into bromine waterSebatian C2H4 dialirkan kedalam air bromin

Brown colour is decolourisedWarna perang dinyahwarnakan

Ethane flow into bromine waterEtana dialirkan ke dalam air bromin

Brown colour remainsWarna perang tidak berubah

Table 6Jadual 6

(i) Explain why there is a difference in this observations. Terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan dalam pemerhatian

............................................................................................................................[1 mark][1 mark]

(ii) Draw the structural formula of the compound formed when compound C2H4 is added into bromine water.

Lukis formula struktur bagi sebatian yang terbentuk apabila sebatian C2H4 dialirkan ke dalam air bromin

[1 mark][1 mark]

W

X

Y

Section BBahagian B[20 marks][20 markah]

Answer any one question.Jawab mana-mana satu soalan.

7

(a) Table 7.1 shows the electron arrangements of atoms W, X and Y. These letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.Jadual 7.1 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom W, X dan Y. Huruf-huruf ini bukanlah simbol sebenar bagi unsur-unsur tersebut.

Elementunsur


W

X

Y

Table 7.1Jadual 7.1

Based on the table,

(i) State one element that is metal and one element that is non-metal.

Nyatakan satu unsur logam dan satu logam unsur bukan logam. [2 marks]

[2 markah]

(ii) State the position of element W in the Periodic table of Element. Explain your answer.Nyatakan kedudukan unsur W dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. Jelaskan jawapan anda.

[3 marks][3 markah]

(ii) Compare the atomic size of element X and element Y. Explain your answer.Bandingkan saiz atom unsur X dan unsur Y. Terangkan jawapan anda.

[4 marks][4 markah]

(b) A,D and E are placed in Period 3 of the Periodic Table of Elements.The oxides of these elements show different properties when react with nitric acid and sodium hydroxide solution. Table 7.2 shows the properties of the oxides of the elements.

Unsur-unsur A, D dan E berada dalam Kala 3 Jadual Berkala Unsur.Oksida-oksida unsur tersebut menunjukkan sifat yang berbeza apabila bertindak balas dengan asid nitric dan larutan natrium hidroksida. Jadual 7.2 menunjukkan sifat-sifat oksida bagi unsur-unsur tersebut.

OxideOksida


Reaction with nitric acid

Tindak balas dengan asid nitrik

Reaction with sodium hydroxide solution

Tindak balas dengan larutan natrium hidroksida

Oxide of Element AOksida unsur A

White solid dissolves to form colourless solution

Pepejal putih larut dan membentuk larutan tidak berwarna

No change .White solid does not dissolve.

Tiada perubahan.Pepejal putih tidak larut

Oxide of Element DOksida unsur D

White solid dissolves to form colourless solution.


White solid dissolves to form colourless solution


Oxide of Element EOksida unsur E

No change. White solid does not dissolve.

Tiada perubahan.Pepejal putih tidak larut

White solid dissolves to form colourless solution.


Table 7.2

Jadual 7.2

Based on table 7.2,Berdasarkan Jadual 7.2,

(i) State the acid-base properties of the oxide of A , oxide of D and oxide of E. Explain.Nyatakan sifat-sifat asid-bes bagi oksida A, oksida D dan oksida E. Terangkan.

[6 marks][6 markah]

(ii) Suggest the name of element A, element D and element E. Cadangkan nama bagi unsur A, unsur D dan unsur E.

[3 marks][3 markah]

(iii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between oxide of A and nitric acid Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara oksida A dan asid nitrik.

[2 marks][2 markah]

8. Table 8 shows thermochemical equations of Experiment 1 and Experiment 2.Jadual 8 menunjukkan persamaan termikimia bagi Eksperimen 1 dan Eksperimen 2.


Thermochemical EquationPersamaan Termokimia

1 NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O ∆H = -57.3 kJmol-1

2 NaOH + CH3COOH → CH3COONa + H2O ∆H = -51.5 kJmol-1

Table 8Jadual 8

(a) Based on Table 8,Berdasarkan Jadual 8,

(i) state the type of reaction.nyatakan jenis tindak balas

[1 mark][1 markah]

(ii) state the differences between the total energy content of the reactants and the total energy content of products.nyatakan perbezaan di antara kandungan tenaga bahan tindak balas dan kandungan tenaga hasil tindak balas.

[1 mark][1 markah]

(iii) Explain the difference of the heat of neutralization for the reactions above.Jelaskan perbezaan haba peneutralan bagi tindak balas–tindak balas di atas.

[5 marks][5 markah]

(b) In Experiment 1, 50 cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 sodium hydroxide solution is reacted with 50 cm3

of 1.0 moldm-3 of hydrochloric acid solution.Di dalam Eksperimen 1, 50 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida, 1.0 moldm-3 ditindak balaskan dengan 50 cm3 larutan asid hidroklorik, 1.0 moldm-3.

(i) Calculate the heat released in the reaction.Kirakan haba yang terbebas dari tindak balas.

[3 marks][3 markah]

(ii) What is the temperature change of the reaction mixture?[Specific heat capacity = 4.2 J g-1 0C-1, density of solution = 1 g cm-3]Berapakah perubahan suhu campuran tindak balas?[Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 J g-1 0C-1, ketumpatan larutan = 1 g cm-3]

[3 marks][3 markah]

(iii) The heat of neutralisation obtained in laboratory is less than theoretical value. Explain.Nilai haba peneutralan yang diperolehi di makmal adalah lebih rendah daripada nilai teori. Jelaskan.

[2 marks][2 markah]

(c) Diagram 8.2 shows two energy level diagrams of different reactions.Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan dua gambar rajah aras tenaga bagi tindak balas berlainan.

Energy level diagram A Energy level diagram BGambar rajah aras tenaga A Gambar rajah aras tenaga B

EnergyTenaga

ReactantBahan tindak balas


∆H = + y kJmol-1

EnergyTenaga

∆H = - x kJmol-1

ReactantBahan tindak balas



Based on Diagram 8.2, compare the energy level diagram A and energy level diagram B.Berdasarkan Rajah 8.2, bandingkan gambar rajah aras tenaga A dan gambar rajah aras tenaga B.

[5 marks][5 markah]

Section CBahagian C[20 marks][20 markah]

Answer any one question.Jawab mana-mana satu soalan.

9

(a) Diagram 9 shows one of the stages involved in the Contact Process. Rajah 9 menunjukkan salah satu peringkat dalam Proses Sentuh.

(i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

S SO2

Oxygenoksigen

Diagram 9Rajah 9

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas tersebut.[2 marks][2 markah]

(ii)

As a chemist, how do you advice the manager of the factory to reduce the release of sulphur dioxide gas. Explain. Sebagai seorang ahli kimia, bagaimana anda menasihati pengurus kilang tersebut supaya pembebasan gas sulfur diksida dikurangkan. Terangkan.

[2 marks][2 markah]

(b) Table 9 shows three different manufactured substances in industry X, Y, and Z, and their uses.Jadual 9 menunjukkan tiga bahan buatan industri X, Y, dan Z, yang berbeza dan kegunaanya.

Manufactured substance in industryBahan buatan industri

UseKegunaan

X To make internal wall of furnaceUntuk membuat lapisan dalam dinding relau

Y To make musical instrumentsUmtuk membuat alat muzik

Z To make helmets and water storage tanksUntuk membuat topi keledar dan tangki penyimpanan air

Table 9Jadual 9

Based on Table 9, state the name of X, Y and Z.State the specific properties of each of the substances to support your answers.Berdasarkan Jadual 9, nyatakan nama bagi X, Y dan Z.

Sulphur dioxide is the waste product from the Contact Process which affects the quality of the environment.Sulfur dioksida adalah bahan buangan daripada Proses Sentuh yang menjejaskan kualiti alam sekitar.

Berikan sifat khusus bagi setiap bahan tersebut untuk menyokong jawapan anda.[6 marks][6 markah]

(c) The following information shows two properties of alloy.Maklumat berikut menunjukkan dua sifat aloi.

By choosing one of the properties of the alloy stated above, describe a laboratory experiment to compare alloy with its pure metal.

Your answer should include the following:

Name of the alloy and its pure metal Materials and apparatus Procedure of the experiment Observation Conclusion

Dengan memilih satu daripada sifat aloi yang dinyatakan diatas, huraikan satu eksperimen makmal untuk membandingkan aloi dengan logam tulennya.

Jawapan anda perlu mengandungi perkara berikut:

Nama aloi dan logam tulennya Bahan dan radas Kaedah eksperimen Pemerhatian kesimpulan

.


10(a) 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid reacts with excess copper(II) oxide to

produce copper(II) sulphate and water..

Alloy is harder than its pure metalAloi lebih keras daripada logam tulennya

Alloy is more corrosive resistant than its pure metalAloi lebih tahan kakisan daripada logam tulennya

Potassium Chloride, KCl

Kalium klorida, KCl

Silver chloride, AgCl Argentum klorida, AgCl

50 cm3 asid sulfurik 0.2 mol dm-3 bertindak balas dengan kuprum(II) oksidayang berlebihan menghasilkan kuprum(II) sulfat dan air.

(i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction that takes place.Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.

(ii) Calculate the mass of copper(II) sulphate that is produced Hitungkan jisim kuprum(II) sulfat yang terhasil.[ Molar mass of copper(II) sulphate = 160 g mol-1 ][ Jisim molar kuprum(II) sulfat = 160 g mol-1 ]

[4 marks][4 markah]

(b) The following are two examples of chloride salts that can be prepared in the laboratory.Berikut adalah dua contoh garam klorida yang boleh disediakan di dalam makmal.

Compare these two salts. Your comparison should include the following aspects:

- the solubility of each salt in water.- the name of the chemical reaction for the preparation of each salt.- the reactants for the preparation of each salt.- the chemical equation for preparation of each salt.

Banding dua garam ini. Perbandingan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut:

- keterlarutan setiap garam di dalam air.- nama tindak balas kimia untuk penyediaan setiap garam.- bahan tindak balas untuk penyediaan setiap garam.- persamaan kimia untuk penyediaan setiap garam.


(c) Barium sulphate is insoluble in water. Describe the preparation of barium sulphate in the laboratory. In your description, include

reactants procedure chemical equations involved

Barium sulfat adalah tak larut dalam air. Huraikan penyediaan barium sulfat dalam makmal. Dalam huraian anda, sertakan

bahan tindak balas prosedur persamaan kimia yang terlibat


1. Diagram 1 shows the symbol of carbon-12 and carbon-14.Rajah 1 menunjukkan simbol bagi karbon-12 dan carbon-14.

Carbon-12 Carbon-14 Karbon-12 karbon-14

Carbon-14 is the isotop of carbon-12.Karbon-14 adalah isotop bagi carbon-12.

(a) What is meant of isotop?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop?

...................................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark]

(b) State the number of neutron of carbon-14.Nyatakan bilangan neutron karbon-14.

..................................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark]

(c) Draw the electron arrangement of carbon-12.In your diagram, show the location of electron, proton and neutron.Lukis susunan elektron bagi karbon-12.Di dalam rajah anda, tunjukkan kedudukan elektron, proton dan neutron.

12

C6

14

C6

[ 3 marks](d) State one use of carbon-14 in agriculture.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan karbon-14 dalam bidang pertanian.

...................................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark]

(e) Table 1 shows the physical properties of substance P, Q and R.Jadual 1 menunjukkan sifat fizik untuk bahan P,Q dan R.

SubstanceBahan

Melting point(0C)Takat lebur(0C)

Boiling point(0C)Takat didih (0C)

Electrical conductivityKekonduksian elektrikSolidpepejal

MoltenLeburan

P 660 2519 Canboleh

Canboleh

Q -115 78 CannotTidak boleh

CannotTidak boleh

R 801 1413 CannotTidak boleh

Canboleh

Table 1Based on table 1,Berdasarkan Jadual 1,(i) State the type of particles in substance R.

Nyatakan jenis zarah yang terdapat dalam bahan R.

..............................................................................................................................................[ 1mark]

(ii) What is the state of particles of Q at room temperature?Apakah keadaan zarah bahan Q pada suhu bilik?

............................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark]

(iii) Draw the particles arrangement of substance P at 500 0C.Lukis susunan zarah-zarah bagi bahan P pada 500 0C.

[ 1 mark]

2. (a) Table 2.1 shows the degree of ionisation and the colour of phenolphthalein in the solution P, Q and R.

Jadual 2.1 menunjukkan darjah penceraian dan warna larutan fenolftalein dalam larutan P, Q dan R.

SolutionLarutan

Degree of ionisationDarjah penceraian

Colour of phenolphthalein in the solution

Warna fenolftalein dalam larutan itu

PIonises completelyMengion lengkap

ColourlessTanpa warna

QIonises partiallyMengion separa

ColourlessTanpa warna

RIonises completelyMengion lengkap

PinkMerah jambu

Table / Jadual 2.1

(i) Which solution has the lowest pH value? Larutan manakah yang mempunyai nilai pH paling rendah?

……………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (a) (i). Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan anda di (a) (i).

………………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]

(iii) Solution P, Q and R might be acid or alkali. Classify the solutions into acid or alkali.Larutan P, Q dan R mungkin asid atau alkali. Kelaskan larutan itu kepada asid atau alkali.

Acid / asid : ………………………………………………………………..

Alkali / alkali : ………………………………………………………………

Hydrogen chloride in tetrachloromethaneHidrogen klorida dalam tetraklorometana

Hydrogen chloride in solvent XHidrogen klorida dalam pelarut X

Zinc Zink

Zinc Zink

[2 marks]

(b) Diagram 2.2 shows the observations in test tube I and test tube II when hydrogen chloride in tetrachloromethane and hydrogen chloride in solvent X are reacted with zinc.Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan pemerhatian dalam tabung uji I dan tabung uji II apabila hidrogen klorida dalam tetraklorometana dan hidrogen klorida dalam pelarut X bertindak balas dengan zink.

Test tube I II

Apparatus set-upSusunan radas

Observation No change Bubbles of gas are produced

Diagram / Rajah 2.2(i) State the name of solvent X.

Nyatakan nama pelarut X.

………………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]

(ii) Explain the differences in observation in test tube I and II.Terangkan perbezaan pemerhatian dalam tabung uji I dan II.

………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………..[2 marks]

(c) Vinegar consists of an ethanoic acid. Describe briefly a chemical test to verify the acid without using an indicator.Cuka mengandungi asid etanoik. Huraikan secara ringkas satu ujian kimia untuk mengenal pasti asid tanpa menggunakan penunjuk.

……………………………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………………………...[2 marks]

3. Diagram 3 shows the arrangement of atoms of steel and bronze where steel and bronze are two examples of alloy.Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan atom bagi keluli dan gangsa dimana keluli dan gansa adalah dua contoh aloi.

Iron atom Copper atom

X atom Y atom

(a) State the meaning of alloy.Nyatakan maksud aloi.

................................................................................................................................................[ 1 mark]

(b) State the name of element for:Nyatakan nama unsur bagi:

(i) X:................................................................................................................................

(ii) Y:................................................................................................................................[ 2 marks]

(c) State one use ofNyatakan satu kegunaan

Steel:....................................................................................................................................... Keluli: Bronze:................................................................................................................................... Gangsa:

[ 2 marks]

(d) Bronze is harder than pure copper.Explain in terms of atoms arrangement.Gangsa lebih keras berbanding kuprum tulen.Terangkan dari segi susunan atom................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[ 3 marks]

(e)Table 3 shows two different type of composite materials, X and Y and their uses. Jadual 3 menunjukkan dua jenis bahan komposit yang berbeza, X dan Y serta kegunaannya.

Composite materialsBahan komposit

ComponentKomposisi

UsesKegunaan

X Produced from molten silica mixed with silver chlorideTerhasil daripada campuran leburan silika dengan argentum klorida

Making optical lenses, windshields of certains vehicalsMembuat kanta optik,

Y Made of plastic and glass fiberDiperbuat daripada plastik dan gentian kaca

Helmets, body of cars and aeroplane Topi kaledar,badan kereta dan kapal terbang

Table 3Jadual 3

Based on Table 3, Berdasarkan Jadual 3,

(i) state the name of X nyatakan nama bagi X

.................................................................................................................................................. [ 1 mark]

(ii) give the spesific properties of substance Y according to its uses. Berikan sifat khas bagi bahan Y berdasarkan kegunaannya.

.................................................................................................................................................. [ 1 mark]

4. Table 4 shows the observation at anode and cathode when 1.0 mol dm-3 XY solution is electrolysed using carbon electrodes.Jadual 4 menunjukkan pemerhatian pada anod dan katod apabila 1.0 mol dm-3 larutan XY di elektrolisiskan dengan menggunakan elektrod karbon.

ElectrodeElektrod


Cathode A colouless gas is produced and gives a ‘ pop’ sound when tested with lighted wooden splinter

Gas yang tidak berwarna terhasil dan memberikan bunyi ‘pop’ apabila diuji dengan kayu uji menyala.

Anode The colouless solution around the electrode turns brown. The solution turns blue when tested with starch solution.

Larutan yang tidak berwarna di sekeliling elektod bertukar menjadi perang. Larutan bertukar biru apabila diuji dengan larutan kanji.

Table 4.1

Based on table 4.1, Berdasarkan Jadual 4.1,

(a) Suggest a name for XY solution.Cadangkan nama untuk larutan XY.

................................................................................................................................................[ 1 mark]

(b) Based on your answer in (a), Berdasarkan jawapan anda di dalam (a),(i) write a half-equation for the reaction at the anode.

Tulis setengah persamaan untuk tindak balas yang berlaku di anod.

....................................................................................................................................

[ 1 mark]

(ii) State the type of reaction at cathode.Explain in terms of change in oxidation number.Nyatakan jenis tindak balas di katod.Terangkan dari segi perubahan nombor pengoksidaan....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................[ 3 marks]

(c) Electrolysis is a redox reaction.Explain.Elektrolisis adalah tindak balas redok.Terangkan.................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................[ 2 marks]

(d) The experiment is repeated by using 0.0001 mol dm-3 XY solution.State the name of product at anode. Eksperimen di ulang dengan menggunakan 0.0001 mol dm-3 larutan XY.Nyatakan nama hasil tindak balas di anod.

................................................................................................................................................ [ 1 mark]

Table 4.2 shows a list of apparatus and materials. Jadual 4.2 menunjukkan senarai radas dan bahan.

Appratus and materialsRadas dan bahan-bahan

U-tubeTiub - U

Carbon electrodesElektrod karbon

Connecting wiresWayar penyambung

CorkGabus

GalvanometerGalvanometer

Bromine waterAir Bromin

Iron(II) sulphate solutionLarutan Ferum(II) sulfat

Draw one labelled diagram to show the apparatus set-up to investigate electron transfer at a distance. The diagram must include the apparauts and materials given in the table.Mark in the diagram the positive and negative terminals of the cell.

Lukis satu rajah berlabel untuk menunjukkan susunan radas bagi mengkaji pemindahan elektron pada suatu jarak. Rajah itu hendaklah menggunakan radas dan bahan yang diberi dalam Jadual 4.2.Tandakan terminal positif dan negatif bagi sel pada rajah itu.

[ 3 marks]

5. Diagram 5.1 shows the apparatus set up to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction between 2.0 g of calcium carbonate with 50 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid at 30 0C. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji kesan suhu ke atas kadar tindak balas antara 2.0 g kalsium karbonat dengan 50 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 asid hidroklorik pada 30 0C.


The graph of mass of calcium carbonate against time is obtained as in Diagram 5.2. Graf jisim kalsium karbonat melawan masa diperolehi seperti dalam Rajah 5.2

2.0-

1.6 -

Diagram 5.2

Mass of calcium carbonate(g)Jisim kalsium karbonat(g)

Time ( s) Masa(s)

Rajah 5.2 (a) Based on Diagram 5.1 and graph 5.2,

(i)state the meaning of rate of reaction. Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1 dan graf 5.2, (i)nyatakan maksud kadar tindak balas.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

[ 1mark](ii)What is the function of cotton wool? Apakah fungsi kapas?

..........................................................................................................................................[ 1 mark]

(iii) If the experiment is repeated by heating the acid at 40 0C, sketch the graph obtained on the diagram 5.2.(mark the graph as Experiment 2) Jika eksperimen di ulangi dengan memanaskan asid pada 40 0C, lakar graf yang diperolehi di atas Rajah 5.2 (tanda pada graf sebagai Ekpserimen 2)

[ 1 mark]

(iv) From the graph, what is the mass of calcium carbonate that is unreacted with the acid. Daripada graf, apakah jisim kalsium karbonat yang tidak bertindak balas dengan asid.

...................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark]

(b) In another experiment,a student carried out two experiments to investigate the factor that affect the rate of reaction . The time taken to collect 60 cm3 of hydrogen gas is recorded in Table 5.1Dalam suatu eksperimen yang lain, seorang pelajar menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.Masa yang diambil untuk mengumpul 60 cm3 gas hidrogen direkodkan dalam Jadual 5.1.

Set ReactantsBahan tindak balas

Temperature(0C)

Suhu( 0C)

Time taken to collect 60 cm3 of hydrogen gas(s)

Masa di ambil untuk mengumpul 60 cm3 gas

hidrogen(cm3)I 25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3

hydrochloric acid+

Excess zinc powder

3055

II 25 cm3 of 0.4 mol dm-3

Key:Kunci

Experiment I: Eksperimen I

Experiment II:Eksperimen II

hydrochloric acid+

Excess zinc powder

30 30

Table 5.1Jadual 5.

Based on Table 5.1 ,(i)Write an ionic equation for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.Berdasarkan Jadual 5.1,(i)Tulis persamaan ion untuk tindak balas antara zink dan asid hidroklorik.

........................................................................................................................................................ [ 1 mark]

(ii)Compare the rate of reaction between set I and set II. Banding kadar tindak balas antara set I dan set II.

.......................................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark]

(iii)By reffering to collision theory, explain your answer. Dengan merujuk pada teori Perlanggaran, terangkan jawapan anda.

........................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................... [ 4 marks](iv) Diagram 5 shows the curve of the graph obtained of experiment I. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan lengkung graf yang diperolehi untuk Eksperimen 1.

Experiment 1

Volume of hydrogen gas/cm3

Isipadu gas hidrogen/cm3

Sketch the curve of the graph obtained of Experiment II on the diagram above. Lakar lengkung graf yang akan diperolehi untuk Eksperimen II pada Rajah di atas. [ 1 mark]

6. Diagram 6.1 shows the results of two different experiments for the heat of precipitation of lead(II) sulphate.The heat of precipitation, H of lead (II) sulphate is 50.4 kJ mol -1.

Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan keputusan untuk dua eksperimen yang berbeza untuk haba pemendakan plumbum(II) sulfat. Haba Pemendakan , H Plumbum (II) sulfat adalah 50.4 kj mol -1.

Exp Before reactionSebelum tindak balas

After reactionSelepas tindak balas

I Average initial temperature= 28 0 C

Highest temperature of the mixture=T10C

Suhu tertinggi campuran= T10C

II Average initial temperature= 28 0CPurata suhu awal =28 0C

Highest temperature of the mixture=T2 0C

Suhu tertinggi campuran= T20C

Time/sMasa/s


Polystyrene cupCawan Polistirena

Polystyrene cupCawan Polistirena

50 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 lead(II) nitrate solution

50 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium

sulphate

100 cm3 2.0 mol dm-3 lead(II) nitrate solution

100 cm3 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium

sulphate

Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1

(a) State the meaning of heat of precipitation. Nyatakan maksud haba pemendakan.

...............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark]

(b)(i) Based on Experiment 1, Berdasarkan Eksperimen 1, Calculate the heat energy released in this experiment. Hitung haba yang dibebaskan dalam eksperimen ini.

[ 2 marks](i) highest temperature of the mixture in Experiment I suhu tertinggi campuran dalam Eksperimen 1.

[ Spesific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g-1 0C-1 ]

[ 3 marks]

(ii) State two observation that can be obtained from the reaction in Diagram 6.1 Nyatakan dua pemerhatian yang boleh diperolehi dari tindak balas di dalam Rajah 6.1

.......................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................... [ 2 marks]

(b) (i) Based on Experiment II, predict the value of T2 0C Berdasarkan Eksperimen II, ramalkan nilai T2 0C.

......................................................................................................................................................

[ 1 mark](ii) Explain your answer. Terangkan jawapan anda.

.............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

[ 3 marks]

Section BBahagaian B

Answer any one question Jawab mana-mana satu soalan

[ 20 marks]7. Diagram 7.1 shows the electrons arrangement in compound XY2. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan susunan elektron dalam sebatian XY2 .

_ +2 _

Y X Y

(a) Based on diagram 7.1, state (i) the type of bond formed(ii) the electron arrangement of atom X and atom Y.(iii) the position of atom X in the Periodic Table of Element.Explain.

(a)Berdasarkan Rajah 7.1, nyatakan (i)Jenis ikatan yang terbentuk (ii)Susunan elektron bagi atom X dan atom Y. (iii)Kedudukan atom X di dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. Terangkan.

[7 marks]

(b) Atom Y can form another compound with atom Z.(i) Write the formula of the compound formed (ii) Draw the electron arrangement of the compound and explain how the compound

is formed. [ Proton number of atom Z=6]

(b)Atom Y boleh membentuk sebatian yang lain dengan atom Z. (i) Tulis formula sebatian yang terbentuk.

(ii) Lukis susunan elektron untuk sebatian yang terbentuk dan ternagkan bagaimana sebatian yang terbentuk. [ nombor proton bagi atom Z = 6]

[ 7 marks]

(c ) The compound formed in diagram 7.1 and the compound formed in (b) have different physical properties.Explain the differences between the two compounds based on of :

(i) Melting point(ii) Electrical conductivity

(c) Sebatian yang terbentuk dalam Rajah 7.1 dan sebatian yang tebentuk dalam (b) mempunyai sifat fizik yang berbeza.Terangkan perbezaan antara kedua-dua sebatianb berdasarkan:

(i)Takar didih (ii)Kekonduksian elektrik [ 6 marks]

8. (a) Describe a laboratory experiment to prepare a soap by using a namely oil and alkali.

State how to verify the product formed is soap.Terangkan eksperimen makmal untuk menyediakan sabun dengan menggunakan minyak dan alkali yang dinamakan. Nyatakan bagai mana anda mengesahkan hasil yang

terbentuk itu adalah sabun.

[10 marks]

(b) Table 8 shows the observations for two experiments to investigate cleansing effect of cleaning agent A and B on oily stain in hard water.Jadual 8 menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan pencucian agen

pencuci A dan B ke atas kotoran berminyak dalam air liat.



I: Structural formula of cleaning agent A: CH3(CH2)16COO -

Oily stains remainedKotoran berminyak kekal

II: Structural formula of cleaning agent B: CH3(CH2)11 OSO3 -

Oily stains disappearedKotoran berminyak hilang

Cleaning agent A + hard water Agen pencuci A + air liat

PakaianCloth Oily stains

Kotoran berminyak

Based on Table 8,(i) state the type of cleaning agent A and cleaning agent B.(ii) Compare and contrast the cleaning action of the two cleaning agents in hard water. Explain your answer .

Berdasarkan Jadual 8, (i) nyatakan jenis agen pencuci A dan agen pencuci B. (ii) banding dan bezakan tindakan pencucian bagi kedua-dua agen pencuci itu dalam air liat. Terangkan jawapan anda .

[6 marks]

(iii) compare another observation that can be obtained in experiment I and II . bandingkan pemerhatian lain yang dapat di perolehi dalam Eksperimen 1 dan II.

[2 marks](c) A patient is suffering from tuberculosis for a period of time. Suggest :

(i) a type of medicine that should be taken an(ii) the prescription should be followed by the patient.

Seorang pesakit mengalami batuk kering dalam suatu tempoh masa yang lama. Cadangkan :

(i) jenis ubat yang patut digunakan dan (ii) aturan yang perlu dipatuhi oleh pesakit itu.

[2 marks]



I: Structural formula of cleaning agent A: CH3(CH2)16COO -

Oily stains remainedKotoran berminyak kekal

II: Structural formula of cleaning agent B: CH3(CH2)11 OSO3 -

Oily stains disappearedKotoran berminyak hilang

Table 8Jadual 8

Cleaning agent B + hard waterAgen pencuci B + air liatPakaian

ClothOily stainsKotoran berminyak

Section CAnswer any one question

Jawab mana-mana satu soalan[ 20 marks]

9. Diagram 9.1 shows the set up apparatus to differentiate between hydrocarbon P and Q. Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk membezakan antara hidrokarbon P dan Q.


The observation is obtained when both hydrocarbon are tested with acidified potassium mangganate (VII) solution.Pemerhatian di perolehi apabila kedua-dua hidrokarbon di uji dengan larutan kalium mangaanate(VII) berasid.

Type of hydrocarbonJenis hidrokarbon


P The purple colour decolourises

Porcelain dishMangkuk pijar


Filter paperKertas turas

SootJelaga

Hydrocarbon YHidrocarbon Y

Hydrocarbon XHidrokarbon X

Warna ungu dinyahwarnakan

Q The purple colour remain unchangeWarna ungu tidak berubah

Table 9Jadual 9

Based on table 9 and diagram 9.1, Berdasrkan Jadual 9 dan Rajah 9.1,

(i) Suggest a suitable name for hydrocarbon P and Q. Cadangkan nama yang sesuai untuk hidrokarbon P dan Q. [ 2 marks]

(ii) Explain why the observation is difference.Terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan dalam pemerhatian. [2 marks]

(b)Another experiment was carried out to compare the sootiness between hydrocarbon X and hydrocarbon Y. Diagram 9.2 shows the burning of both hydrocarbon in air. Satu eksperimen lain telah dijalankan untuk membandingkan kejelagaan antara hidrokarbon X dan hidrokarbon Y. Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan pembakaran kedua-dua hydrocarbon dalam udara.

Based on diagram 9.2, Berdasarkan rajah 9.2, (b) (i) Suggest a suitable name for hydrocarbon X and Y. Cadangkan nama yang sesuai untuk hidrokarbon X dan Y. [ 2 marks]

(ii)Compare the sootiness of hydrocarbon X and Y. Explain. Bandingkan kejelagaan bagi hidrokarbon X dan Y. Terangkan.

[Relative atomic mass: C=12,H=1] [ 4 marks]

(c) Methanol and Butanol are in the same homologous series of carbon compound. Compare and contrast both compound in terms of :

(i) molecular formula(ii) general formula(iii) solubility in water(iv) melting point and boiling point.Explain (v) State the name of the product and the observation formed when both compounds

react with acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution(vi) State the name of the product and write the chemical equation involve when both compounds undergoes dehydration reaction.

(c)Metanol dan butanol adalah berada dalam siri homolog yang sama dalam sebatian karbon.Banding dan bezakan kedua-dua sebatian dalam sebutan:(i)formula molekul(ii)formula am(iii)keterlarutan dalam air(iv)takat lebur dan takat didih. Terangkan.

(v)Nyatakan nama hasil tindak balas dan pemerhatian terbentuk apabila kedua-dua bahan bertindak balas dengan larutan kalium dikromat(VI) berasid. (vi)Nyatakan nama hasil tindak balas dan tulis persamaan kimia yang terlibat apabila kedua- dua bahan mengalami tindak balas pendehidratan.

[ 10 marks]

10. Diagram 10 shows the reaction scheme of zinc . Rajah 10 menunjukkan skema tindak balas untuk zink.

Reaction I Zinc + Sulphuric acid Solution X + Gas Y

Metal P Reaction II Crystallisation +

Solution X Solid Xlarutan X

Heating Reaction III

Z + sulphur trioxide

(a) Zinc react with sulphuric acid to produce salt X solution and produce gas Y.(i) Based on diagram 10, identify salt X solution and gas Y.Describe briefly chemical test to verify the cation and anion in X solution. Zink bertindak balas dengan asid sulfurik untuk menghasilkan larutan garam X dan gasY.

(i)Berdasarkan rajah 10, kenal pasti larutan garam X dan gas Y. Huraikan secara ringkas ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan kation dan anion dalam larutan X.

[ 6 marks]

(b) In an experiment, excess zinc powder is added to 150 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid.Write the chemical equation for the reaction and calculate the volume of gas Y produced at room conditions.[1 mol of any gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions]Dalam satu eksperimen, serbuk zink berlebihan ditambah ke dalam 150 cm3 0.2 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik.Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu dan hitung isi padu gas Y yang terhasilpada keadaan bilik.[1 mol sebarang gas menempti 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik] [ 6 marks]

(c) In reaction II, zinc metal is formed when solution X is react with metal P.Suggest one suitable metal for P.State the name of the reaction.State the observation and include an ionic equation in your answer.Dalam tindak balas II, logam zink terbentuk apabila larutan X bertindak balas dengan logam P.Cadangkan satu nama ynag sesuai untuk logam P.Nyatakan pemerhatian dan sertakan persamaan ion dalam jawapan anda. [4 marks]

(d) Based on diagram 10, compare the observation in reaction I and reaction III.Berdasarkan Rajah 10, bandingkan pemerhatian dalam tindak balas I dan tindak balas III. [ 4 marks]

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Ulangkaji Pra Spm 2013