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CONFIDENTIAL. Tunable Optofluidic Aperture. Master thesis presentation. Zürich, February 4 th 2011 Joep Mutsaerts. Content. Tunable aperture Concept Trapped liquid Conclusion Membrane model identification Experiments Analysis Simulations. What is a tunable aperture?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Tunable Optofluidic ApertureMaster thesis presentation
CONFIDENTIAL
Zürich, February 4th 2011
Joep Mutsaerts
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.2
Content
• Tunable aperture- Concept- Trapped liquid- Conclusion
• Membrane model identification- Experiments- Analysis- Simulations
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
ApertureConceptTrapped liquidConclusion
What is a tunable aperture?
• Most common: Leaflet structure
• Control of:- Light- Depth of Field- Optical quality- F number
3
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
ApertureConceptTrapped liquidConclusion
What is a tunable aperture?
4
f/32 – slow shutter f/5.6 – fast shutter
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
ApertureConceptTrapped liquidConclusion
Why create a tunable aperture?
• Optical quality in mobile phone market• Small size• Low part count• Available design
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This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
ApertureConceptTrapped liquidConclusion
Aperture design
6
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
ApertureConceptTrapped liquidConclusion
Aperture design
7
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
ApertureConceptTrapped liquidConclusion
Aperture design
8
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
ApertureConceptTrapped liquidConclusion
Aperture design
9
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
ApertureConceptTrapped liquidConclusion
ML Demonstrator 1
• Trapped fluid problem- Spot depends on speed
• Identified possible causes- Particle size- Concentration
10
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
ApertureConceptTrapped liquidConclusion
“trapped fluid” analysis
11
Possible solution Argument pro ContraLow concentration Less aggregationSmall particle size Less aggregation
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
ApertureConceptTrapped liquidConclusion
ML Demonstrator 2
• Goal: test lower concentration, filtered particles (< 1 μm)
• Aperture seems clear, but:- Lens effect caused by remaining fluid- Optical quality depends on speed- Lens effect on aperture edge
• Identified possible solution- Surface tension- Coated glass
12
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
ApertureConceptTrapped liquidConclusion
Lens effect
13
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
ApertureConceptTrapped liquidConclusion
“trapped fluid” analysis
14
Possible solution Argument pro ContraLow concentration Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edgeSmall particle size Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edgeHigh surface tension Less wettingGlass coating Less wetting
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
ApertureConceptTrapped liquidConclusion
ML Demonstrator 3
• Goal: Test influence of- Surface tension of water- Glass silicon coating
• Trapped fluid problem- High surface tension is not enough- Speed dependent
• Identified possible solution- Increase contact angle
15
Fluid Surface Tension
Mercury 470Water 73…. << 60
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
ApertureConceptTrapped liquidConclusion
“trapped fluid” analysis
16
Possible solution Argument pro ContraLow concentration Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edgeSmall particle size Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edgeHigh surface tension Less wetting Does not solve problemGlass coating Less wetting Does not solve problemContact angle Less wetting
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
ApertureConceptTrapped liquidConclusion
ML Demonstrator 4
• Goal: test influence of contact angle
• Trapped fluid problem- Soft edge with lens effect
17
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
ApertureConceptTrapped liquidConclusion
“trapped fluid” analysis
Possible solution Argument pro ContraLow concentration Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edgeSmall particle size Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edgeHigh surface tension Less wetting Does not solve problemGlass coating Less wetting Does not solve problemContact angle Less wetting Does not solve problemPositive pressure Force pushes liquid away
18
Possible solution Argument pro ContraLow concentration Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edgeSmall particle size Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edgeHigh surface tension Less wetting Does not solve problemGlass coating Less wetting Does not solve problemContact angle Less wetting Does not solve problemPositive pressure Force pushes liquid away
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
ApertureConceptTrapped liquidConclusion
Positive Pressure Test
• Air pressurized bulge pushes fluid away.• Particles < 5µm: Clear aperture result but soft edge• Particles > 5µm: trapped fluid problem
19
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
ApertureConceptTrapped liquidConclusion
“trapped fluid” analysis
Possible solution Argument pro ContraLow concentration Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edgeSmall particle size Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edgeHigh surface tension Less wetting Does not solve problemGlass coating Less wetting Does not solve problemContact angle Less wetting Does not solve problemPositive pressure Force pushes liquid away Potential Solution
20
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
ApertureConceptTrapped liquidConclusion
Double liquid positive pressure prototype
• Optotune lens design with two liquid compartments
21
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
ApertureConceptTrapped liquidConclusion
Double liquid positive pressure prototype
• Prototype results: trapped fluid appears again (speed dependent)• Over time, pigments migrate through membrane into transparent fluid• Particles were not filtered small enough
22
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.23
ApertureConceptTrapped liquidConclusion
Feasibility of concept
• Use transparent fluid• Is concept pigment dependent?
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
ApertureConceptTrapped liquidConclusion
Aperture: Conclusions and Outlook
24
• Trapped fluid problem has not been solved• Surface profile of transparent lens should be measured• Particle size and concentration play a large role
• Lens effect can be solved by double fluid• Bigger and more complicated to produce• Pigments leak through the membrane
• Feasibility study advises to put the project on hold• Uncertainty of product quality and costs• Not the lowest hanging fruit
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.25
Content
• Tunable aperture- Concept- Trapped liquid- Conclusion
• Membrane model identification- Experiments- Analysis- Simulations
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.26
Membrane modelExperimentsModelSimulation
Membrane model identification
Input: Membrane
•Material SE0904
• t Thickness •ԑ0 Prestrain
• r Aperture radius•p Pressure
Process:Model
•Bulge test results•Linear model•Mooney Rivlin model
Output: Deflection
•Center•Ring
•Visualisation tool
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.27
Membrane modelExperimentsModelSimulation
Membrane model identification
Actuation force
Focal length
Deflection
Pressure
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.28
Membrane modelExperimentsModelSimulation
Design of experiment
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.29
Membrane modelExperimentsModelSimulation
Deflection versus pressure - radius
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 45000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7x 10
-3
Pressure (Pa)
Def
lect
ion
(m)
Deflection vs Pressure
d = 10 mm11
12
131415
d
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.30
Membrane modelExperimentsModelSimulation
Deflection versus pressure - radius
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 45000
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5x 10
-5 Deflection vs Pressure, normalized to Aperture area
Pressure (Pa)
Def
lect
ion
/ Ape
rtur
e Ar
ea (m
/m2 )
d
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.31
Membrane modelExperimentsModelSimulation
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 90000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9x 10
-3
Pressure (Pa)
Def
lect
ion
(m)
Pressure vs Deflection
Deflection versus pressure - Prestrain
0%
20%
70%
40%60%
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.32
Membrane modelExperimentsModelSimulation
Deflection versus pressure - Thickness
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 80000
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016
Pressure (Pa)
Def
lect
ion
(m)
Pressure vs Deflection
200 μm100 μm
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.33
Membrane modelExperimentsModelSimulation
Measurements statistics
• 148 bulge measurements done
• Thickness 10 – 200 μm• Radius 5 – 40 mm• Pressure 0 – 30000 Pa
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.34
Membrane modelExperimentsModelSimulation
Modelling
Isotropic – constant Youngs Non Isotropic – variable Youngs
Further challenges• Bulge loading• Material model might change
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.35
Membrane modelExperimentsModelSimulation
Bulge loading
• Thickness not constant• Thickness proportional to stretch• Where to measure thickness / stretch?
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.36
Membrane modelExperimentsModelSimulation
Stress calculation
• ‘Math slide’
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.37
Membrane modelExperimentsModelSimulation
Stress Strain calculated
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.50
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8x 10
6
Strain (-)
Stre
ss (
Pa)
Stress Strain curve
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.38
Membrane modelExperimentsModelSimulation
Stress strain fit
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.50
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8x 10
6
Stretch (-)
Stre
ss (
Pa)
Stress Strain fit - Mooney Rivlin
Stress-Strain point cloudMooney Rivlin fit
C10 = 210400 PaC01 = 16005 Pa
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.39
Membrane modelExperimentsModelSimulation
Deflection versus Pressure - Simulation
Error model RMSMooney Rivlin 0.0549
Linear model 0.1146
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.40
Membrane modelExperimentsModelSimulation
Membrane model identification
Input: Membrane
•Material SE0904
• t Thickness •ԑ0 Prestrain
• r Aperture radius•p Pressure
Process:Model
•Bulge test results•Linear model•Mooney Rivlin model
Output: Deflection
•Center•Ring
• Visualisation tool
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Membrane modelExperimentsModelSimulation
Shape Predictor
41
Tunable Optofluidic ApertureMaster thesis presentation
CONFIDENTIAL
Zürich, February 4th 2011
Joep Mutsaerts