Trojan War 3rd declension grammar

THIRD DECLENSIONMasculine, feminine, and neuter

• Any noun that ends with “is” on the genitive singular is 3rd declension.– Largest declension– Has all three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter– You need to learn the gender with each noun

• Nominative singular that ends in “tor” is usually masculine• Nominative singular that ends in “trix” is usually feminine• Most of the time the gender follow the definition of the

word but not always– Pater, patris father is masculine– Virtus, virtutis courage, manhood is feminine

What is 3rd Declension?

• The nominative singular for all 3rd declensions nouns does not have an assigned ending. It can be anything and will be listed in the charts as “varies”. This just means use the first form of the vocabulary listing for the nominative singular.– Rex, regis m. King rex is the nominative

singular– Urbs, urbis f. City urbs is the nominative

singular

3rd declension Nominative singular

• For all third declension nouns, find the base to build your declension forms by removing the “is” from the genitive singular. Sometimes there is a big change between the nominative singular and the base.

3rd Declension base

• 1. Look at the vocabulary list for nouns for the Trojan War. Based on the genitive singular, write the number of the declension beside each one in your vocabulary list.

• 2. For all the third declension nouns, remove the “is” and write down the base in parentheses beside the word.

Practice

• Ignis, ignis m. Ign• Mare, maris n. Mar• Mors, mortis f. Mort• Virtus, virtutis f. Virtut• Corpus, corporis n. Corpor• Iter, itineris n. Intiner• Urbs, urbis f. Urb• Civis, civis c. (m & f) civ• Navis, navis f. Nav• Miles, militis m. Milit• Dux, ducis f. Duc• Pax, pacis f. Pac• Pastor, pastoris m. pastor

Check your bases

• Singular plural• Nom varies es• Gen is um, ium*• Dat i ibus• Acc em es• Abl e ibus• Voc repeat nom. Es

• * ium used for i-stems

3rd Declension masculine and Feminine

• Sing pl• Nom varies a, ia*• Gen is um, ium*• Dat i ibus• Acc repeat nom. a, ia*• Abl e,i* ibus• Voc repeat nom. a, ia*

• * used with i-stems

3rd declension neuter: follow the neuter rule and repeat the nominative for the accusative

• Nom _____________ ___________• Gen _____________ ___________• Dat _____________ ___________• Acc _____________ ____________• Abl _____________ ____________• Voc _____________ ____________

Practice: Decline pax, pacis f.

• Nom _____________ ___________• Gen _____________ ___________• Dat _____________ ___________• Acc _____________ ____________• Abl _____________ ____________• Voc _____________ ____________

Practice: Decline corpus, corporis n.

• I-stems are group of nouns that use slightly different endings. Masculine and feminine i-stems use “ium” for the genitive plural instead of “um”.

• Neuter i-stems use “i” for ablative singular, “ium” for genitive plural, and “ia” for nominative plural, accusative plural, and vocative plural.

• To qualify as an i-stem, the noun must fit one of the four rules below.

3rd declension i-stems

I-stem Rules

• For masculine and feminine nouns using “ium” for genitive plural– 1. Monosyllable nominative singular with base

ending in two consonants• Nox, noctis yes• Pax, pacis no

– 2. Nominative singular ends with “is” or “es” and genitive and nominative have same number of syllables (parasyllabic)• Ignis, ignis m. Yes• Pater, patris m. no

I-stem rules

– 3. Nominative singular ends with “ns” or “rs”• Pars, partis yes

– 4. Neuter nouns whose nominative singular ends with “al”, “re” or “ar”.• Animal, animalis (animal) yes• Mare, maris(sea) yes• Calcar, calcaris(spur) yes

• Unit 3 Trojan War• Ignis, ignis m. • Mare, maris n. • Mors, mortis f. • Virtus, virtutis f. • Corpus, corporis n. • Iter, itineris n. • Urbs, urbis f. • Civis, civis c. (m & f) • Navis, navis f.• Miles, militis m. • Dux, ducis f.• Pax, pacis f.• Pastor, pastoris m.

Identify the i-stems in your list

• Unit Two Olympians• Rex, regis m.• Unit One Domestic Roman Life• Adulescens, adulescentis m.• Pater, patris m.• Mater, matris f. • Parens, parentis m/f• Frater, fratris m.• Infans, infantis m.• Soror, sororis f.

TRANSLATING 3RD DECLENSION

• Olim est magna cena in Graeciā• Omnes dei et deae praeter deam Discordiam invitati erant. • Ea dea iratissima tamen ad cenam venit, ubi iacit inter deos et

deas malum aureum in quo est hoc verbum “Pulcherrimae.”• Statim de hoc malo deae Iuno et Minerva et Venus pugnant.– Praeter/except; Discordiam/Discord; invitati erant/had been invited;

ea/this; iratissima/very angry; tamen/however; venit/comes; iacit/throws; inter/between; quo/which; hoc/this; verbum/word; pulcherrimae/for the most beautiful; statim/immediately; hoc/this

A Gift for the Fairest ( adapted from More Latin Stories by Gummere et al.)

• Omnes deae malum aureum volunt.

• Iuppiter qui controversiam audit, inquit, “Huius certaminis iudex esse non volo.

• In monte Idā autem habitat pastor, cuius nomen est Paris.

• Paris esse iudex potest.• Dare potest pulcherrimae aureum malum.”– Omnes/all; volunt/want; qui/who; controversiam/argument;

audit/hears; monte Idā/Mount Ida; autem/however; cuius/whose; iudex/judge

• Deae igitur in monte Ida conveniunt. • Mercurii auxilio Paridem inveniunt (find).• Mercurius pastori Paridi malum aureum monstrat,

inquit, :”In hoc malo quod teneo est unum verbum, Pulcherrimae.

• Magna controversia inter deas est.• Quis est pulcherrima dea?• Neccesse est tibi dare malum aureum pulcherrimae deae.”– Igitur/therefore; conveniun/come together; auxilio/help;

monstrat/shows; hoc/this; quod/which; unum/one; controversia/argument; quis/who; tibi/for you

• Paris inquit, “ Video tres pulchras deas sed possum legere pulcherrimam de verbis dearum.”

• Primo Iuno inquit, “ Regina deorum sum.• Da mihi malum aureum, Paris; divitias et

potestatem tibi dabo.”– Tres/three; legere/choose; verbis/words;

primo/first; da/give; mihi/to me; divitias/riches; potestatem/power; tibi/to you; dabo/I will give

• Minerva Paridi inquit,” Dea sapientiae et belli sum.• Da mihi malum aureum; magnam sapientiam et

potestatem militis tibi dabo.”

• Denique Venus pro iudice stat, “ Dea amoris sum.• Da mihi aureum malum et dabo tibi pulcherrimam

feminam in terrā”– Sapientiae/wisdom; da mihi/give me; tibi dabo/I will

give you; denique/finally; iudice/judge; amoris/love

• Paris facile iudicium facit quod pulcherrimam feminam vult.

• Paris inquit, “Venus, tu es dea pulcherrima: tibi malum aureum dabo.”

– Facile/easily; iudicium/judgmnet; vult/wants; tu/you; tibi…dabo/I will give you

• 1. Who is not invited to dinner?– A.– B.

• 2. What does she throw?– A.– B.

• 3. What happens because of this action?– A.– B.

CQTE A gift for the fairest

• 4. Who does not want to be the judge?– A.– B.

• 5. Who is Paris? Where is he?– A.– B.

• 6. How do the goddesses find Paris?– A.– B.

• 7. What does Mercury explain to him?– A.– B.

• 8. What does he agree to do?– A.– B.

• 9. What does Juno offer?– A.– B.

• 10. What does Minerva offer?– A.– B.

• 11. What does Venus offer?– A.– B.

• 12. Who gets the apple? Why?– A.– B.

• For each third declension noun marked, tell the case.• Venus• Certaminis• Iudex• Monte• Pastor• Paridem• Potestatem• Iudice• amoris

3rd declension in context