1st declension1st declensionGM and Dentistry 3rd lessonGM and Dentistry 3rd lesson

Reading exercise

Try to guess purpose and date of creation of following texts:

Bona et CollegiaVniversitatis Carolinae Pragensis, quorum proventuset fructus S. Caes[area] M[aies]tas Alimentationi Professorum Juris et Medicinae Deputavit.

Collegium Magnum CarolinumCollegium Magnum Carolinum fundavit CarolusQuartus Imperator pro 12 Magistris in Artibus AnnoChristi 1366 quorum duo Theologiam, unus Sacram Scrip-turam, alter Magistrum Sententiarum Praelegeret, reli-qui vero Deum Theologiae studerent et facultates profiterentet habet Pagos Poczecznize, Drahilizicze, Nerzažovicze, Psari.

Transcript

Content

• Grammatical cases

• Latin declensions

• How to distinguish between decl.

• 1st declension - paradigm

• Vocabulary

Grammatical Cases

• In the Basic Medical Terminology only four grammatical cases are used albeit Latin posses six of them.

• Nominative (Nom.), Genitive (Gen.), Accusative (Acc.), Ablative (Abl.).

The Purpose of GC

• Nominative - the basic form of word.

• Genitive - connects two nouns together. It is used to express attribute. Dominant noun is further specified by another noun (attribute) that has to be in Gen.

• Accusative - certain prepositions in Latin require use of Acc.

• Ablative - the rest of prepositions uses Abl.

Latin Declensions I.

• Latin nouns could be divided to five declensions and further to groups according paradigms.

• To tell apart words belonging to different declensions we must know so called “dictionary form” of word.

Dictionary Form of a Noun

• Example: musculus, -i M.; caput, -itis N.; fractura, - ae F.

• The df. contains nominative singular form of the word followed by genitive singular ending and a letter (M, F, N) indicating the gender.

• None of those three pieces of information can be reliably guessed from the rest. You have to memorize it.

Latin Declensions II.

• In the dictionary form, look at the genitive ending:

• If the ending is -ae the word belongs to the 1st declension.

• If the ending is -i the word belongs to the 2nd declension.

• If the ending is -is the word belongs to the 3rd declension.

• If the ending is -us the word belongs to the 4th declension.

• If the ending is -ei the word belongs to the 5th declension.

The Paradigm

CaseCase SingularSingular CaseCase PluralPlural

Nom. ven -a Nom. ven -ae

Gen. ven -ae Gen. ven -arum

Acc. ven -am Acc. ven -as

Abl. ven -a Abl. ven -is

How to apply the paradigm?

v e n a

In the vocabulary you have to distinguish between two parts of a word: stem and suffix (ending):

stems

a q u a v i a d i p h t h e r i a

endings

In the 1st declension the stem will stay and the ending changes according the paradigm:

v e n ae

stems

a q u ae v i ae d i p h t h e r i ae

endings

By appending -ae we create genitive grammatical case.

Vocabulary can be found on the page 50 - 51.