transportinplantslides-100801203843-phpapp02.ppt

8/9/2019 transportinplantslides-100801203843-phpapp02.ppt

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Waxy layer whichprotects the plant &

conserves water

mesophyll

Contains

chloroplasts:Specializedfor lightabsorption

Layercontains air

spaces:Specializedfor gasexchange

Exchangewater &gases with

Vasclar

!isse

"ecap"ecap


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What yo will learnWhat yo will learn

#!ransport Strctres$#!ransport Strctres$

Xylem vessels and phloem(Vascular Tissue)

%now their positions and fnctions

within a dicotyledonousleaf andstem nder light microscope

Root

'nderstand its strctre #root hairs$and fnctions

(acilitate water & ion #minerals$pta)e


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What yo will learnWhat yo will learn

#!ransport of (ood$#!ransport of (ood$

Translocation#!ransport of food$

!hrogh 3hloem tisse

*rie+y illstrate translocationthrogh translocation studies

'sing aphids

!he "inging Experiment

'sing "adio4isotopes

Wilting

5dvantages and -isadvantages


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"ecall on 3hotosynthesis"ecall on 3hotosynthesis

6ow does foodget from the

leaves to otherparts of the

plant7

6ow does waterget absorb fromthe soil into and

move arond theplant7


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Transport StructuresTransport Structures


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,ylem,ylem

Strctres

89-ead tisse9Long and empty lmen

;9Walls are thic)enstrengthen with lignin

Long hollow tbe extending from theroot to the leaves


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-evelopment of ,ylem-evelopment of ,ylem

Tracheids Xylem vessels

,ylem tisse containsXylem cells (Tracheids)and

Xylem vessels


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Tracheids(Xylem Cells)Long tapered cells with pitted walls that

transport materials pwards5t matrity

lignincan be seen deposited at thecell walls and the tracheids gradallydies

no cytoplasm

Xylem VesselsLong continos nonliving hollow

tbeo cytoplasmWalls are strengthened by lignin


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LigninLignin6ard and rigid sbstance

which means =Wood>

Lignin maybe deposited in di2erent

ways giving rise to annlar spiral orpitted xylem vessels


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,ylem,ylem

! Functionsa$Condcts water and dissolved mineralsfrom the roots to all other parts of the plantb$3rovides mechanical spport to the plant

de to the presence of lignin

! "daptationsa$6aving a continos lmen withot any

protoplasm within to hinder transport ofwater & dissolved mineralsb$6aving ligni.ed walls which preventcollapse of the vessels


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-o yo )now7-o yo )now7


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3hloem3hloem

StrctresConsists of a colmn

of sieve tbes andcompanion cells

Sieve tbes are

separated by sieveplates


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Sieve !besSieve !bes

-egenerate3rotoplasm


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?rganization of vasclar?rganization of vasclar

tisse intisse in StemStem89 Vasclar *ndle

!he xylem andphloem are gropedtogether to form thevasclar bndles


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9 Cambim

Cambim cells candivide to give rise tonew xylem andphloem tisseshence thic)ening ofthe stem

PhloemCam#ium

Xylem


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9 Cambim

!he vasclar bndlesare arranged in a ringsrronding a centralregion called pithwhich serves as a

storage tisse forfood sbstances

;9 3ith


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9 Cambim

!he region betweenthe vasclar bndlesand epidermis is the

cortex which alsoserves as a storagetisse for foodsbstances

;9 3ith

;9 Cortex


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9 Cambim

!he epidermal cells

are covered with alayer of wax calledcticle whichprevents excessiveloss of water from thestem

;9 3ith

@9 Cortex

A9 Epidermis


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9 Cambim

;9 3ith

@9 Cortex

A9 Epidermis

PhloemCam#ium

Xylem


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?rganization of vasclar tisse?rganization of vasclar tisse

inin RootRoot

89 Vasclar !isse xylemphloem

!he xylem andphloem are $T

bndle together9!hey alternate witheach other


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inin RootRoot

89 Vasclar !isse

!he regionbetween theepidermis and theendodermis lies

the Cortex whichserves as storagetisse

9 Cortex

%ndodermis


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inin RootRoot

89 Vasclar !isse

!he epidermis ofthe root bearingthe root hairs are

called thepiliferos layer9


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inin RootRoot

89 Vasclar !isse

9 Cortex

;9 3iliferos layer

@9 "oot hair

xylemphloem


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What are thefnctions and

adaptations of"oot "oot hairs7

Functions

895nchor the plant9Specialized in absorption ofwater & dissolved minerals

"daptations89Long and narrow

&ncrease surface area to volume ratio9Cells are alive

'rovide energy for active transport;9"oot hairs have cell sap of higher concentration thansrronding soil soltion

Cell sap contains sugar mineral salts which helpsto prevent water leaing out of cell* "ssist in


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Transport StructuresTransport Structures

+eaf Stem

Root,ylem

,ylem

3hloem

,yle3hloem

3hloe


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Transport of ,aterTransport of ,ater


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"oot

Stem

Leaves


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Water pta)e in "??!Water pta)e in "??! 5nimation
http://croptechnology.unl.edu/animation/transpiration.swfhttp://croptechnology.unl.edu/animation/transpiration.swfhttp://croptechnology.unl.edu/animation/transpiration.swf


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"oot 3ressre"oot 3ressre

'pta)e of water by the root hair by ?smosis 'pta)e of dissolved minerals throgh activetransport Cell sap within the root hairs becomes more

concentrated than the water in the soil


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"oot 3ressre"oot 3ressre

?ccrs when the soil moistrelevel is high either at night orwhen transpiration is low dring

the day

Can only raise the water in some

plants p to Dm


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Water transport in S!EWater transport in S!EFo have learnt that

water is transportedfrom the root to thestem and the leaf9

How does theplant transport

water upwardsagainst

gravity??


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!ranspiration!ranspiration

Evaporation of water from the plant Loss of water vapor throgh the stomata on

the nderside of the leaves

89!he mesophyll cells in the leaves arecovered with a thin layer of moistre Essential for eGcient gas exchange to occr

9Some of this moistre evaporates into theintercelllar spaces which di2ses throghthe stomata into the /drier0 air Water is plled pwards throgh osmosis

#Transpiration Pull$

;9!he waterway in which the water movesfrom a higher water potential to a lowerwater potential

Transpiration Stream


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@ Environmental (actors that@ Environmental (actors that

a2ect !ranspirationa2ect !ranspiration

89 Wind speed

9 6midity

;9 Light intensity@9 !emperatre

A9 Water spply

5nimation
http://croptechnology.unl.edu/animation/transpiration.swfhttp://croptechnology.unl.edu/animation/transpiration.swfhttp://croptechnology.unl.edu/animation/transpiration.swfhttp://croptechnology.unl.edu/animation/transpiration.swf


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Light intensityLight intensity

-uring the day stomataof the leaves open* ,hy.

'hotosynthesis//

0ases e1change (C$!2 $!)

,ater vapor alsoevaporates (Transpiration)


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!emperatre!emperatre

The higher the temperature thehigher the air water capacity to

hold moisture

"t 35C a leaf maytranspire 3 times as

fast as it does at

!5C


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A (actors that a2ectA (actors that a2ect

!ranspiration!ranspiration

89 Wind speed Hncreases Hncreases transpiration rate

9 6midity Hncreases -ecreases transpiration

rate;9 Light intensity

Hncreases Hncreases transpiration rate@9 !emperatre

Hncreases Hncreases transpiration rate

A9 Water spply -ecreases -ecreases transpiration

rate


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3otometer3otometer

The rate at which plants tae up water dependson the rate of transpiration6 the faster a planttranspires the faster it taes up water*
http://www.sycd.co.uk/can_we_should_we/explore/plants/potometer-applet.html


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Capillary 5ctionCapillary 5ction

!he attractive force between the molecles ofa particlar liIid is )nown as CohesionWater coheres to each other via chemical bonds

called hydrogen bonds #holds the droplets of watertogether$

!he attractive force between two nli)ematerials is )nown as "dhesion5dhesion cases water to stic) to the inside of the

glassWhen water passes up the thin ylemvessels, it adheresto the surface ofthe vessels, while the force of

osmosis gently !pushes" the water


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Capillary 5ctionCapillary 5ction


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(orces that promotes pta)e(orces that promotes pta)e

of waterof water89 "oot 3ressre 3romotes pta)e of water in the root

9 !ranspiration pll

ain force to /sc)0 p the water;9 Capillary 5ction 3shes the water pwards de to the

adhesion between the walls of thexylem vessels and water moleclesas well as the cohesion between thewater molecles


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Transport of FoodTransport of Food


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!ransport of (ood in plant!ransport of (ood in plant

(ood sbstances #sgar & amino acids$ aremanfactred in the green leaves throgh theprocess called photosynthesis

Translocation is the process of transportingfood sbstances downwards from the leavesto all other parts of the plant throgh thephloem


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5nimation

5nimation
http://www.pearsoned.ca/school/science11/biology11/sugartransport.htmlhttp://www.pearsoned.ca/school/science11/biology11/sugartransport.htmlhttp://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp36/36020.htmlhttp://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp36/36020.htmlhttp://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp36/36020.htmlhttp://www.pearsoned.ca/school/science11/biology11/sugartransport.html


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; experiments to show; experiments to show

phloem transport foodphloem transport food

sbstancessbstances7* 8sing "phids Aphid penetrates the stem intothe phloem using its mouthpart

called stylet and sucks the

plant sap

A feeding aphid can be

anaesthetized and the stylet

cut off

The phloem sap flows out

through the stylet and can be

analysed. It is found to contain

sugars and other organic

substances


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; i h


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; experiments to show; experiments to show

phloem transport foodphloem transport food

sbstancessbstances3* 8sing radio6isotopes


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,ilting of plant,ilting of plant


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WiltWilt

!emporary or permanent loss of turgor pressurede to excessive transpiration of the leaves & shoot

"eslt in 9accid appearancesof leaves &shoot

Characterized by drooping 2 shriveling ofsoft tisse


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a9 Hs wilting necessary a disadvantage tothe plants7 Why7

b9 Wilting redces loss of water in leaves9

6ow does it a2ect inta)e of water forphotosynthesis7

c9 6ow is it the prolong process ofwilting case harm to plants7

d9 What other conditions may case


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!hings to ponder!hings to ponder

What time of the day shold yowater yor plant7

!oo mch water is it good foryor plant7


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3eople often give pottedhoseplants more fertilizer thanthey need9 5s a reslt the plants

begin to wilt and eventally dieinstead of getting larger andhealthier9 What cold be thereason for this reslt7


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=Kirdling> or ring4bar)ing is a termreferring to the bar) of the tree ina complete ring arond the trn)

or a branch9 3redict the e2ect thatgirdling will have on a tree9Explain9 *ene.cial or -estrctiveto plants7

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transportinplantslides-100801203843-phpapp02.ppt