Transaksi Ecommerce

8/14/2019 Transaksi Ecommerce

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What is E-Commerce?


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A Broad Definition

E-commerce is the sharing of businessinformation, maintaining business relationships,

and conducting business transactions bymeans of telecommunications networks.

(Vladimir Zwass, 1998)


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A Narrow Definition

Electronic commerce or e-commerce consists of

the buying, selling, marketing, and servicing ofproducts or services over computer networks.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECommerce


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Synonim

Electronic Commerce = On-lineCommerce = Internet Commerce =

Digital Commerce = E-business (IBM)


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General Principles of

E-commerce Transparency

Reliability Confidentiality and privacy

Respect of the intellectual propertyrights


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How E-Commerce is Changingthe Way Businesses Operate

New customer relationships- on-line advertising and marketing- on-line order taking

- on-line customer service- customized products and services

Supply chain managementreduces the cost of purchasing and inventory management

with more direct, efficient interaction with a wide range ofsuppliers and trading partners.

New products on the net- information-based products


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Types of E-Commerce

Business-to-Business (B2B)

Business-to-Customer (B2C) Business-to-Government (B2G) Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)


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History of E-Commerce


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Pre 1990 A bunch of computer networks

1990 Tim Berners Lee writes WorldWideWeb

1991 Al Gore invents the Internet

1994 Jeff Bezos writes Amazon.com business plan

1995 Amazon.com goes live

1996 SSL 3.0 released by Netscape

2000-Jan The dot-com superbowl

2000-Mar The dot-com crash


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Reason for implementing e-commercefrom a consumers standpoint

Increase in demand for choice (product depth,global reach, price choices);

Demand for information (detailed productinformation, inventory, order status);

Demand for interactive, online support; Avoidance of travel and parking difficulties for

consumer e-commerce;

Elimination of time constraints (that is, openinghours or delays between placing an order anddelivery)


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Benefits from E-Commerce forthe Supplier

A global reach, leading to more order; Reduced administration overhead (paperwork automation

leading to a lower cost for each order made);

Reduced asset requirements (physical properties forcompanies with a retail network);

Integration between back office and online shoppingactivities;

Integration of online shopping activities with databasemarketing; Less need for distribution via channel (disintermediation); Reduced working capital (inventory).


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Inhibitors to E-Commerce

Technophobia; Security fears;

Technology not user friendly; Poor performance leading to slow

download;

Inertia of habitual conventional shopping andpurchasing; Internet access still limited.


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Transplanted Real-WorldBusiness Models

The mail-order model The advertising based model

The subscription model The free trial model The direct marketing model The real estate model

Incentive scheme models Business to Business Combinations of the above models


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Native Internet Business Models

The library model

The freeware model The information barter model Digital products and the digital delivery

model

The access provision model


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Level of E-Commerce

Level Characteristics

Primitive

Advanced

Static web pages or brochureware

Searchable site with dynamic pages such as an online catalogue

Integration with operational databases, e.g. inventory searching,

package tracking, job postings

Customer transaction through the internet, e.g. selling products

and services, buying and selling shares, applying for loans

Full electronic commerce (i.e. integrated fulfilment cycle of

ordering, shipping, billing)


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Implementing

Transactions over theInternet


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E-Commerce: Fulfilment Cycle Step

Fulfillment cycle step (B2B)Electronic commerce (single

multimedia channel)

Evaluate suppliers and productoptions

Portals, online catalogues

Select and specify product Online form, e-mail

Send order to supplier E-mail, EDI

Supplier checks inventory Online database

Generate invoice EDI* or via credit card


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E-Commerce: Fulfilment Cycle Step

Fulfillment cycle step (B2B)Electronic commerce (single

multimedia channel)

Ship product Shipper or online distribution

Confirm receipt E-mail

Schedule payment EDI*, online database

Transfer payment EDI, EFT*

Note: *EDI: Electronic Data Interchange, EFT: Electronic Funds Transfer


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Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is a fast and

dependable way to exchange business documentsusing computer-to-computer communication betweendifferent companies.


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Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) or Financial EDI is theelectronic payment mechanism involving transfer offunds from the bank of a buyer to a seller


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Payment System Requirements

Be secure (achieving privacy, authentication,integrity and non-repudiability);

Be easy for buyer and seller to use and understand; Be straightforward for banks to administer; Be scalable across different currencies and to

different denominations;

Have low costs for implementing transactions.


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Types of Payment Systems

1. Consumer payment systems2. Business payment systems


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Consumer Payment Systems

Non-credit or pre-paid systemse-cash, microtransactions or micropayments, debitcards, smartcards

Post-paid or credit-based systemse-cheques, credit cards


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Buyerplasa.com

Seller/Mall/Retailer

Payment Process

Merchants BankCard Issuing Bank

commerce.netCSP

Visa CardMaster Card

1 Ill take those item

2URLredirecttoCSP

3 Authorize purchase

4aValidcardcheck

4bCardlimit

check

5 Authorization return code

6 Batch settlement (e.g Hourly)

7De

bitthe

C

ard

8Creditmerchanta/c

9Transaction

statusupdate

10SmartReceipt


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Business Payment Systems

Open Buying on the Internet (OBI)openbuy.org

Open Trading Protocol (OTP)Sun, IBM, Oracle

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)


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Product Suitability

Digital products, including information storage, retrieval, andmodification, music, movies, education, communication,software, photography, and financial transactions. Examplesof this type of company include: Google, eBay and Paypal.

Some non-digital products, such as music CDs, DVDs andbooks. Examples of this type of company include:Amazon.com

Products such as spare parts, both for consumer items likewashing machines and for industrial equipment likecentrifugal pumps.

Purchases of pornography and of other sex-relatedproducts and services


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Product Unsuitable for E-commerce

products that have a low value-to-weightratio

products that have a smell, taste, or touchcomponent products that need trial fittings - most

notably clothing - products where colour integrity appears

important


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Managing Security Risks


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Requirements for Security Systems

Privacy/confidentiality - proteksi data pribadi Integrity - informasi tidak berubah tanpa ijin Authentication - meyakinkan keaslian data, sumber

data, orang yang mengakses data

Availability - informasi harus dapat tersedia ketikadibutuhkan

Non-Repudiation - tidak dapat menyangkal ketikatelah melakukan transaksi

Access control - mekanisme untuk mengatur siapaboleh melakukan apa


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Methods of Increasing Security

EncryptionSecure Sockets Layer (SSL)

Digital signatures The public-key infrastructure (PKI)

Certificate Authorities (CA)

Secure electronic transaction (SET) Firewalls


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Common Types of Fraud on the Internet

Spoofing/Phishing Identity Theft

Non-delivery of Goods/Services Online Auction/Retail Credit/Debit Card Fraud

Advance-Fee Fraud Schemes Freight Forwarding


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Tools for ImplementingE-Commerce


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Components for E-Commerce Site

Informational (background information oncredibility of company details of its

products)

Catalogue of products and product selectionmechanism

Payment and funds transfer/merchantmechanism


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Constraints on Selecting an E-Commerce Solution

Cost Quality of ISP service Transaction method

traditional (phone/fax/mail), e-mail, online transaction

Number of products required Volume of sales Cost of product

Configurability Personalisation facilities Integration with back-end systems


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The Commercial Environmentfor E-Commerce

Legal status of banks Tariffs and taxation


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Documents

Transaksi Ecommerce