Upload
vuonghuong
View
219
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
I. Introduction
A. People came to the American colonies for many reasons1. Riches2. Religion3. Fresh start4. Land
B. Had to learn a new land and adapt to it
II. The New England Colonies
A. New England was very different than Virginia region (Middle Colonies)1. Not good farm land
2. Became haven for religious dissenters, not investors
3. Distinct character
II. The New England Colonies
B. Massachusetts1. Colony prospered2. Religious differences caused difficulties3. Roger Williams
a. Believed settlers needed to pay Natives for landb. Preached everyone could worship as they pleased
4. Anne Hutchinsona. Challenged authority and teachings of Puritan church
5. Both banished from Massachusetts
II. The New England Colonies
C. Rhode Island1. 1635-Roger Williams called before court in
Massachusettsa. Told judge he had no power over him or his
congregationb. Judge ordered him back to England
2. Williams fled south to Narragansett Baya. Bought land from natives
b. Established settlement he called Providence
II. The New England Colonies
C. Rhode Island3. 1644-English government gave Williams a
chartera. Brought together several settlements into
Rhode Islandb. All people allowed to worship as they pleasedc. First colony to promote religious freedomd. Religious freedom attracted many
people e. Jews, Quakers
II. The New England Colonies
D. Connecticut and New Hampshire1. Limited amount of good farmland led colonists
elsewhere2. Minister Thomas Hooker led followers west
a. Connecticut River Valleyb. Set up many settlements
3. 1639-Fundamental Orders of Connecticuta. Plan for union of settlements b. Basis for documents that would establish
rights and responsibilities in the United States
II. The New England Colonies
D. Connecticut and New Hampshire3. 1639-Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
c. All men who owned land could vote, regardless of religion
d. Limited governor’s powere. Expanded idea of representative government
4. Other colonists moved north in area that is now New Hampshire, Maine, and Vermonta. New Hampshire became colony in 1679
III. The Middle Colonies
A. South of New England colonies1. Became known as Middle Colonies
B. New York1. Economic factors led to development of New York2. 1609-Hudson sailed up River for Dutch
a. Reported it was teeming with beaverb. Beaver skin hats fashionable in Europe
3. Dutch started colony on island at mouth of Hudson Rivera. New Amsterdamb. Rest of land around river named New Netherland
III. The Middle Colonies
B. New York4. Most people came to trap furs5. To encourage settlement Dutch gave large grants
of land to patroons a. Had to bring 50 settlers within 4 years
6. English seized the colony in 1664a. Renamed it New Yorkb. New Amsterdam became New York City
III. The Middle ColoniesC. New Jersey
1. New Netherland was divided into two parts2. Duke of York gave the southern part to two friends3. One of these friends was from the English island of
Jerseya. Became known as New Jersey
4. New Jersey had rich soila. Attracted people from all overb. Many settlers came from New England for better
farm landc. Built system of roads to connect colony
III. The Middle Colonies
D. Pennsylvania1. Quakers had a large following in England
a. Believed in equality, kindness, religious freedom2. English leaders considered them dangerous
a. Against all wars and killingb. Would not serve in British Armyc. Put in prison, beaten
3. Quakers looked to North America for safe home
III. The Middle Colonies
D. Pennsylvania 4. William Penn pleaded with King Charles II for home
for Quakersa. Charles owed Penn’s father moneyb. Paid debt in land in America
5. Named new land Pennsylvania (Penn’s woods)a. Paid Native Americans already living thereb. Holy Experiment-all people of all religions welcome
III. The Middle Colonies
D. Pennsylvania6. Thousands of immigrants came from all over
Europea. Eager for farmlandb. Germans, Irish, Scottish, French, Dutch
7. By 1700 Pennsylvania was richest of all colonies
III. The Middle Colonies
E. Delaware1. Swedes settled on the Delaware River2. Dutch wiped out the colony3. When English took over New Netherland, land
became part of Pennsylvania4. Began making own laws in 17045. Became colony of Delaware around the time
of Revolutionary War
IV. The Southern ColoniesA. Southern colonies had distinctive way of life
1. Large farms and slave labor along coastal plain2. Farming and slavery uncommon in mountainous
western regionB. Maryland
1. English noble George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, founded in 1625a. Became a Roman Catholicb. Catholics had no rights in Englandc. Wanted a haven for Catholicsd. King granted land along Chesapeake Baye. Died before colony established
IV. The Southern ColoniesB. Maryland
2. Cecilius inherited father’s land granta. Started St. Mary’s settlement in 1634b. Became part of Maryland
3. Maryland’s rich land attracted many settlersa. Many of the settlers were not Catholicb. In ten years, Catholics less than ¼ of population
4. Colony passed Toleration Act of 1649a. Protected all Christians, Catholics, and Protestantsb. First law protecting religious freedom in coloniesc. Less tolerant of non-Christian religions
IV. The Southern Colonies
C. Virginia1. Began with Jamestown settlement2. Continued to attract settlers3. At first, existed on subsistence farming4. Later, profits from tobacco fueled need for
slave labora. Families started buying things they
needed from tobacco profits
IV. The Southern Colonies
C. Virginia5. King James dislikes tobacco and the House of
Burgesses
a. Took back charter, made a royal colonyb. Planned to do away with H.O.B., but
diedc. Successor permitted H.O.B.
d. Virginia remained loyal colony until Revolution
IV. The Southern ColoniesD. The Carolinas
1. Settled by colonists who spread South2. Some were English colonists from West Indies
who brought slaves with thema. Carolina was first English colony to have
slaves from the startb. 1710-Africans were largest single group in
colony3. Slaves worked on indigo, tobacco and rice plantations4. Tensions between farmers in northern and southern
areas led to split in colony in 1729
IV. The Southern ColoniesE. Georgia
1. Last colony to be settled2. Founder James Oglethorpe studied prisons in England3. Asked King George II for land for a colony of debtors4. There were no colonies between Spanish Florida and
Carolinasa. English settlement could claim land