THERMAL COMFORT ANALYSIS

OF HOME LIVING IN COASTAL CITY BASED ON

PHYSIOLOGICAL EQUIVALENT TEMPERATURE (PET)

INDEX AND OPERATIVE TEMPERATURE ZONE

Qurrotul A’yun 1, Riky Tri Yunardi 2, Satrio Agung N. R.3, Ucik Nurul H.4

1,3,4 Architecture Department, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel2 Engineering Department, Universitas Airlangga

Corresponding Author’s Email : qurrotul_ayun@uinsby.ac.id

Urban Retrofitting: Building, Cities and Communities

in The Disruptive Era

The 20th

International Conference on

Sustainable

Environment

& Architecture

Supported By:Organized By:Presenter Affiliation:

INTRODUCTION & LITERATURE REVIEW

2

Supported By:Organized By:

THERMAL COMFORT

BUILDING

THERMAL

COMFORTINDONESIA

HOT AND HUMID

TEMPERATURES

COASTAL

CITYSURABAYA HOME

In recent

years, the

attention of the

world

community on

this issue. [1]

Considered as

the biggest

tropical country

in the world,

that has a

problem with

thermal comfort.

[2]

Tropical country

usually has a hot

and humid

temperatures. [3]

Especially

coastal city have

a particular

problem because

of the high solar

radiation and

dynamic air

velocity.

[4,5,6,7,8,9]

Surabaya

become the

case study

that represent

coastal city.

Home is a

human basic

needs that

close related

with building

thermal

comfort.

WHAT THE SPESIFIC APPROACH ?

INTRODUCTION & LITERATURE REVIEW

3

Supported By:Organized By:

THERMAL COMFORT

THERMAL

ENVIRONMENT1

THERMAL

BALANCE OF THE

HUMAN BODY

2

An important fact in creating thermal

comfort is strongly influenced by 2

(two) main factors. [10]

[11]

• PHYSICAL ADAPTATION

• PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTION

• BEHAVIOUR

• EXPECTAION

Make

thermal comfort

varied as well. [11]

Physiological Equivalent

Temperature (PET) index

Operative Temperature

Zone

APPROACHto evaluate thermal comfort

[12, 13, 14, 15, 16]

METHODS

4

Supported By:Organized By:

SIMULATION METHOD

1

2

to analyze the thermal comfort

of OUTDOOR SPACE

to analyze the thermal comfort

of INDOOR SPACE LIVING ROOMTable 1. Subject Personal Data

SUBJ 1 SUBJ 2 SUBJ 3 SUBJ 4

Height (m) 1.75 1.65 1.75 1.65

Weight (kg) 75.0 55.0 60.0 50.0

Age (a) 55 52 20 18

Sex Male Female Male Female

Clothing (clo)

in

Terraces

(1st floor)

0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Clothing (clo)

in Balconies

(2nd floor)

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Activity (W) 58.2 58.2 58.2 58.2

1st Floor :

2nd Floor :

24 HOURS

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

5

Supported By:Organized By:

RAYMAN SIMULATION IN 1ST FLOOR RAYMAN SIMULATION IN 2ND FLOOR

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

6

Supported By:Organized By:

For resident, in outdoor, 2ND FLOOR (balconies) IS MORE

COLD THAN 1ST FLOOR (terraces). The PMV value

always show < -3.

In the same time and same place, FEMALE SUBJECT

(subj. 2 & 4) are MORE FEEL OVERHEATED OR COLD at

existing temperature THAN MALE SUBJECT (subj. 1 & 3).

YOUNG MALE SUBJECT (subj. 3) IS THE MOST

RESISTANT PEOPLE in existing temperature. PMV value in

-1 ≤ x ≤ 1, happened during 12 hours at (18.00-06.00 WIB).

Based on SNI 03-6572-2001, TEMPERATURE CAN BE

SAID TO BE COMFORTABLE if it is in the range of 20,5°C

– 27,1°C, WITH THE MOST OPTIMAL thermal comfort

temperature IN 22,8°C – 25,8°C.

The THERMAL COMFORT in the house can only be felt

between at 18.00-21.00 WIB. Especially in 2nd floor, the

resident also in thermal comfort range when at 07.00 WIB.

THE MOST OPTIMAL THERMAL COMFORT

TEMPERATURE happened at 19.00 WIB in 1st floor and at

18.00-19.00 WIB in 2nd floor

THE MOST OVERHEATED TEMPERATURE (>40°C),

happened at 09.00-15.00 WIB.

OLD FEMALE SUBJECT (subj. 2) IS THE MOST WEAK

PEOPLE in existing temperature. PMV value in -1 ≤ x ≤ 1,

only happened in 1 hours at (18.00 WIB).

THE CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE OCCUR

SIGNIFICANTLY BETWEEN 06.00-18.00 WIB.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

7

Supported By:Organized By:

CBE SIMULATION IN LIVING ROOM

The LIVING ROOM temperature in THERMAL COMFORT

situation at 20.00 – 06.00 WIB with NEUTRAL THERMAL

SENSATION.

THE MOST OPTIMAL THERMAL COMFORT TEMPERATURE

happened at 03.00 WIB.

OPERATIVE TEMPERATURE ZONE is 22.8 - 30°C THE MOST OVERHEATED TEMPERATURE happened at

13.00 WIB.

THE HIGHEST AIR SPEED OCCURS AT 14.00-18.00, then

continues to decline until 00.00 and rises again until 14.00.

CONCLUSIONS

8

Supported By:Organized By:

COASTAL CITY

SURABAYA

HOME

2 FLOOR

TIME

SUBJECT

POSITION

RECOMMENDATION FOR :

• BUILDING FAÇADE

• SPATIAL PLANNING

Only happened

at night for 3 hours.

2nd floor is comfortable

for activity.

Old female subject need

special attention to reach

thermal comfort.

REFERENCES

9

Supported By:Organized By:

[1] Karyono, Tri Harso. "Climate change and the sustainability of the built environment in the humid tropic of Indonesia." In Sustainable Building and Built Environments to Mitigate Climate

Change in the Tropics, pp. 9-25. Springer, Cham, 2017.

[2] Feriadi, Henry, and Nyuk Hien Wong. "Thermal comfort for naturally ventilated houses in Indonesia." Energy and buildings 36.7 (2004): 614-626.[3] A’yun Q., “Evaluasi Tingkat Kualitas Hidup bagi Permukiman Nelayan di Desa Pesisir Tambak Wedi dengan Kriteria Eco-Settlement”, EMARA Indones. J. Archit., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 69-77,

Feb. 2017.

[4] Prianto, Eddy, and Erni Setyowati. "Thermal comfort of wood-wall house in coastal and mountainous region in tropical area." Procedia Engineering 125 (2015): 725-731.

[5] Gosselin, Jennifer R., and Qingyan Chen. "A dual airflow window for indoor air quality improvement and energy conservation in buildings." HVAC&R Research 14, no. 3 (2008): 359-372.

[6] Hamzah, Baharuddin, Zhonghua Gou, Rosady Mulyadi, and Samsuddin Amin. "Thermal comfort analyses of secondary school students in the tropics." Buildings 8, no. 4 (2018): 56.

[7] Ishak, M. T., B. Hamzah, Z. Gou, R. Rahim, and S. Latif. "Thermal Performance of Naturally Ventilated Classroom in the Faculty of Engineering Hasanuddin University, Gowa Campus."

International Journal of Engineering and Science Applications 5, no. 1 (2018): 23-36.

[8] Hwang, Ruey-Lung, Tzu-Ping Lin, Chen-Peng Chen, and Nai-Jung Kuo. "Investigating the adaptive model of thermal comfort for naturally ventilated school buildings in Taiwan."

International journal of biometeorology 53, no. 2 (2009): 189-200.

[9] Teli, Despoina, Mark F. Jentsch, and Patrick AB James. "Naturally ventilated classrooms: An assessment of existing comfort models for predicting the thermal sensation and preference of

primary school children." Energy and Buildings 53 (2012): 166-182.

[10] A’yun Q., Wati P. C., and Khafidz M. C., “Eksplorasi Disain Ventilasi Ruang Kuliah Untuk Mencapai Kenyamanan Termal”, EMARA Indones. J. Archit., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 119-125, Feb. 2019.

[11] Lee, S. C., and M. Chang. "Indoor and outdoor air quality investigation at schools in Hong Kong." Chemosphere 41, no. 1-2 (2000): 109-113.

[12] Qaid, Adeb, Hussanudin Bin Lamit, Dilshan Remaz Ossen, and Raja Nafida Raja Shahminan. "Urban heat island and thermal comfort conditions at micro-climate scale in a tropical planned

city." Energy and Buildings 133 (2016): 577-595.

[13] Krüger, E., F. Rossi, and P. Drach. "Calibration of the physiological equivalent temperature index for three different climatic regions." International journal of biometeorology 61, no. 7

(2017): 1323-1336.

[14] De Abreu-Harbich, Loyde V., Victor LA Chaves, and Maria Carolina GO Brandstetter. "Evaluation of strategies that improve the thermal comfort and energy saving of a classroom of an

institutional building in a tropical climate." Building and Environment 135 (2018): 257-268.

[15] Nematchoua, Modeste Kameni, René Tchinda, and José A. Orosa. "Adaptation and comparative study of thermal comfort in naturally ventilated classrooms and buildings in the wet tropical

zones." Energy and buildings 85 (2014): 321-328.

[16] De Dear, Richard J., and Gail S. Brager. "Thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings: revisions to ASHRAE Standard 55." Energy and buildings 34, no. 6 (2002): 549-561.

This work was supported by the Ministry of Research and Technology / Nation Research and Innovation Agency of Republic

Indonesi. Simulasi Kinerja Bangunan dalam Proses Studio Desain Grant numbers 458/UN40.D/PT/2020 under LPPM

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

Thank You

The 20th International Conference on

Sustainable Environment & Architecture

Supported By:Organized By:Presenter Affiliation: