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The StandardThe Standard 10.2 10.2 Students compare and contrast the
Glorious Revolution of England, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution and their enduring effects worldwide on the political expectations for self-government and individual liberty.
Explain the effects of the philosophers and their ideas on the Revolution in France
Identify and explain social, economic, political and Intellectual causes of the French Revolution.
What were the conditions of France prior to the What were the conditions of France prior to the war and how did they lead to the storming of war and how did they lead to the storming of
the Bastille?the Bastille?
Essential QuestionEssential Question
It was the best of times, It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of it was the age of foolishness, foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of it was the epoch of incredulity…incredulity…
-- Charles Dickens-- Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities A Tale of Two Cities
Do not copy
The French Monarchy:The French Monarchy:1775 - 17931775 - 1793
Marie Antoinette & Louis Marie Antoinette & Louis XVIXVI
Injustices of the Old Regime
CausesCauses1st Estate - Clergy
2nd Estate - Nobility
3rd Estate - commoners
Economic Crisis1.7 yrs. War2.Amer. Rev.
3.Madame Deficit4.Bad Harvests
CausesCausesEx. Of American Revolutio
n
Influence of Enlightenment Ideas
1. Meeting of
Estates
General
2. Tennis Court Oath
3. Storming of the Bastille
Events Leading to Events Leading to RevolutionRevolution
1a. Makes National Assembly
Read pgs 597-601 and take notes on
these events
The Great Fear: The Great Fear: Peasant RevoltPeasant Revolt
(July 20, 1789)(July 20, 1789)
Y Rumors that the feudal aristocracy [the Rumors that the feudal aristocracy [the aristosaristos] ] were sending hired brigands to attack peasants were sending hired brigands to attack peasants and pillage their land.and pillage their land.
National Constituent National Constituent AssemblyAssembly1789 - 17911789 - 1791
August DecreesAugust DecreesAugust 4-11, 1789August 4-11, 1789
(A renunciation of aristocratic (A renunciation of aristocratic privileges!)privileges!)
Liberté!Liberté!Egalité!Egalité!
Fraternité!Fraternité!
The Tricolor (1789)The Tricolor (1789)
The WHITE of the The WHITE of the Bourbons + the RED Bourbons + the RED
& BLUE of Paris.& BLUE of Paris.
Citizen!Citizen!
Revolutionary SymbolsRevolutionary Symbols
CockadeCockade
Revolutionary Revolutionary ClockClock
La RepublicLa RepublicLibertéLiberté
How do these
images support
the revolution?
Important Important Revolutionary Revolutionary
DocumentsDocumentsAugust 26, August 26,
17891789
V Aug. 26, 1789 – Aug. 26, 1789 – Declaration of the Declaration of the Rights of ManRights of Man
V Constitution of Constitution of 17911791
Read pg 601 and 603-604 and take on
these documents.
March of the Women,March of the Women,October 5-6, 1789October 5-6, 1789
We want the baker, the baker’s wife We want the baker, the baker’s wife and the baker’s boy!and the baker’s boy!
A spontaneous demonstration of Parisian A spontaneous demonstration of Parisian women for bread.women for bread.
Read pg 603 and
take notes to add to
this.
The StandardThe Standard 10.2 10.2 Students compare and contrast the
Glorious Revolution of England, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution and their enduring effects worldwide on the political expectations for self-government and individual liberty.
Explain the effects of the philosophers and their ideas on the Revolution in France
Identify and explain social, economic, political and Intellectual causes of the French Revolution.
Describe the Radical phase of the Revolution and Describe the Radical phase of the Revolution and how it changed the nature of the French how it changed the nature of the French
Revolution.Revolution.
Essential QuestionEssential Question
Attitudes Attitudes & actions & actions
of of monarchymonarchy& court& court
Attitudes Attitudes & actions & actions
of of monarchymonarchy& court& court
Fear ofFear ofCounter-Counter-RevolutiRevoluti
onon
Fear ofFear ofCounter-Counter-RevolutiRevoluti
onon
ReligioReligiousus
divisiodivisionsns
ReligioReligiousus
divisiodivisionsns
PoliticPoliticalal
divisiodivisionsns
PoliticPoliticalal
divisiodivisionsns
WarWarWarWar
EconomEconomicic
CrisesCrises
EconomEconomicic
CrisesCrises
The Causes of The Causes of Instability in FranceInstability in France
1792 - 17951792 - 1795
The Causes of The Causes of Instability in FranceInstability in France
1792 - 17951792 - 1795
The “Second” The “Second” French RevolutionFrench Revolution
The National Convention:The National Convention:
Girondin Rule: 1792-1793Girondin Rule: 1792-1793
Jacobin Rule: 1793-1794Jacobin Rule: 1793-1794[“Reign of Terror”][“Reign of Terror”]
Thermidorian Reaction: Thermidorian Reaction: 1794-17951794-1795
The Directory The Directory 1795-1799 1795-1799
The JacobinsThe JacobinsJacobin Meeting HouseJacobin Meeting House
They held their meetings in They held their meetings in the library of a former the library of a former
Jacobin monastery in Paris.Jacobin monastery in Paris.
Started as a debating Started as a debating society.society.
Membership mostly middle Membership mostly middle class.class.
Created a vast network of Created a vast network of clubs.clubs.
The The Sans-Culottes:Sans-Culottes:The Parisian Working The Parisian Working
ClassClass Small Small
shopkeepers.shopkeepers.
Tradesmen.Tradesmen.
Artisans.Artisans.
They shared many of They shared many of the ideals of their the ideals of their
middle class middle class representatives in representatives in
government!government!
The The Sans-Sans-CulottesCulottes
Depicted as Savages by a British Depicted as Savages by a British Cartoonist.Cartoonist.
Leaders of the Leaders of the TerrorTerror
Maxim Maxim
lien lien
RobespieRobespie
rrerre
(1758 – (1758 –
1794)1794)
Marat
Marat(1744 –
(1744 – 1793)
1793)DantoDanto
nn(1
759 –
(1759 –
1794)
1794)
The Storming of the The Storming of the Tuilieres:Tuilieres:
August 9-10, 1792August 9-10, 1792
This was triggered in part by the This was triggered in part by the publication in Paris of the August 3 publication in Paris of the August 3
Brunswick Manifesto, which confirmed Brunswick Manifesto, which confirmed popular suspicions concerning the popular suspicions concerning the
king’s treason.king’s treason.
The September The September Massacres, Massacres, 17921792
(The dark side of the (The dark side of the Revolution!)Revolution!)
Rumors that the anti-revolutionary political Rumors that the anti-revolutionary political prisoners were plotting to break out & attack prisoners were plotting to break out & attack
from the rear the armies defending France, while from the rear the armies defending France, while the Prussians attacked from the front.the Prussians attacked from the front.
Buveurs de sangBuveurs de sang [“drinkers of blood.”] [“drinkers of blood.”] over over 1000 killed!1000 killed!
It discredited the Revolution among its remaining It discredited the Revolution among its remaining sympathizers abroad.sympathizers abroad.
The National The National ConventionConvention
(September, 1792)(September, 1792) Its first act was the formal Its first act was the formal abolition of the monarchy on abolition of the monarchy on
September 22, 1792.September 22, 1792.
The The Year IYear I of the French of the French Republic.Republic.
The Decree of FraternityThe Decree of Fraternity
it offered French assistance to it offered French assistance to any subject peoples who any subject peoples who
wished to overthrow their wished to overthrow their governments.governments.When France sneezes, When France sneezes,
all of Europe catches all of Europe catches cold!cold!
When France sneezes, When France sneezes, all of Europe catches all of Europe catches
cold!cold!
Louis XVI as a Louis XVI as a PigPig
c For the revolutionaries, the king was a For the revolutionaries, the king was a traitor.traitor.
c The Girondins felt that the Revolution The Girondins felt that the Revolution had gone far enough and didn’t want had gone far enough and didn’t want
to execute the king [maybe exile him].to execute the king [maybe exile him].
Louis XVI’s Head Louis XVI’s Head (January (January 21, 1793)21, 1793)c The trial of the king The trial of the king
was hastened by was hastened by the discovery in a the discovery in a secret cupboard in secret cupboard in the Tuilieres of a the Tuilieres of a cache of cache of documents.documents.
c They proved They proved conclusively Louis’ conclusively Louis’ knowledge and knowledge and encouragement of encouragement of foreign foreign intervention.intervention.
c The National The National Convention votedConvention voted387 to 334387 to 334 to to execute the execute the monarchs.monarchs.
The Death of “Citizen” The Death of “Citizen” Louis CapetLouis Capet
Matter for Matter for reflectionreflection
for the crowned for the crowned jugglers.jugglers.
So impure bloodSo impure blooddoesn’t soil our land!doesn’t soil our land!
Marie Antoinette Marie Antoinette on the Way to the on the Way to the
GuillotineGuillotine
War and RevolutionWar and Revolution
V War with Austria and War with Austria and PrussiaPrussia
V Why?Why?
V Results?Results?
V Long Term Effects?Long Term Effects?
French Expansion: French Expansion: 1791-17991791-1799
Committee for Public Committee for Public SafetySafety
Revolutionary Tribunals.Revolutionary Tribunals. 300,000 arrested.300,000 arrested.
16,000 – 50,000 executed.16,000 – 50,000 executed.
The Reign of TerrorThe Reign of TerrorTerror is nothing other than Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible. justice, prompt, severe, inflexible. Let terror be the order of the day!Let terror be the order of the day! --- Quote by Robespierre--- Quote by Robespierrec The laws for The laws for
treason were so treason were so broadly written broadly written that nearly anyone that nearly anyone could be accused of could be accused of treason.treason.
c The Revolutionary The Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris Tribunal of Paris alone executed alone executed 2,639 victims in 15 2,639 victims in 15 months.months.
c The total number of The total number of victims nationwide victims nationwide was over 20,000 – was over 20,000 – 40,000!40,000!
Attempts to Attempts to ControlControl
the Growing the Growing CrisisCrisis
1.1. Revolutionary Tribunal in ParisRevolutionary Tribunal in Paris try trysuspected counter-revolutionaries.suspected counter-revolutionaries.
A.A. Representatives-on-MissionRepresentatives-on-Missione sent to the provinces & to the army.sent to the provinces & to the army.e had wide powers to overseehad wide powers to oversee
conscription.conscription.
B. B. Watch Committees [Watch Committees [comité de comité de surveillancesurveillance]]e keep an eye on foreigners & keep an eye on foreigners &
suspects.suspects.C. Sanctioned the trial & execution C. Sanctioned the trial & execution of rebels and émigrés, should of rebels and émigrés, should they ever return to France. they ever return to France.
Legislation Passed Legislation Passed by the by the
National National ConventionConvention
1.1. Law of General MaximumLaw of General Maximum September 5, 1793.September 5, 1793. Limited prices of grain & other essentials to 1/3Limited prices of grain & other essentials to 1/3
above the 1790 prices & wages to ½ of 1790above the 1790 prices & wages to ½ of 1790figures.figures.
Prices would be strictly enforced.Prices would be strictly enforced. Hoarders rooted out and punished.Hoarders rooted out and punished. Food supplies would be secured by the army!Food supplies would be secured by the army!
2.2. Law of SuspectsLaw of Suspectse September 17, 1793.September 17, 1793.e This law was so widely drawn that almost anyoneThis law was so widely drawn that almost anyone
not expressing enthusiastic support for the not expressing enthusiastic support for the republic could be placed under arrest!republic could be placed under arrest!
Religious Terror:Religious Terror:De-Christianization De-Christianization
(1793-1794)(1793-1794) The Catholic Church was linked The Catholic Church was linked withwithreal or potential counter-real or potential counter-revolution.revolution.
Religion was associated with Religion was associated with thetheAncien RégimeAncien Régime and and superstitioussuperstitiouspractices.practices.
Very popular among the Very popular among the sans-sans-culottesculottes..
Therefore, religion had no Therefore, religion had no place in aplace in arational, secular republic!rational, secular republic!
The De-Christianization The De-Christianization ProgramProgram
1.1. The adoption of a new The adoption of a new Republican Republican CalendarCalendar::
e abolished Sundays & religious holidays.abolished Sundays & religious holidays.e months named after seasonal features.months named after seasonal features.e 7-day weeks replaced by 10-day 7-day weeks replaced by 10-day
decades.decades.e the yearly calendar was dated fromthe yearly calendar was dated from
the creation of the Republic the creation of the Republic [Sept. 22, 1792][Sept. 22, 1792]
The Convention symbolically The Convention symbolically separated Church and State!! separated Church and State!!
The De-Christianization The De-Christianization ProgramProgram
1.1. The public exercise of religion The public exercise of religion waswasbanned.banned.
2.2. The Cathedral of Notre Dame in The Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris Paris was turned into the was turned into the “Temple of “Temple of Reason.”Reason.”
3.3. The deportation of priests The deportation of priests denounced by six citizens.denounced by six citizens.
The “Thermidorean The “Thermidorean Reaction,” Reaction,” 17941794
P July 26 July 26 Robespierre gives a Robespierre gives a speech illustrating speech illustrating
newnew plots & conspiracies. plots & conspiracies. he alienated members of the CPS he alienated members of the CPS
& CGS. & CGS. many felt threatened by his many felt threatened by his
implications.implications.
P July 27 July 27 the Convention arrests the Convention arrests Robespierre. Robespierre.
P July 28 July 28 Robespierre is tried & Robespierre is tried & guillotined! guillotined!
The Festival of The Festival of Supreme BeingSupreme Being
A new secular A new secular holidayholiday
The Assassination of The Assassination of MaratMarat
by Charlotte by Charlotte CordayCorday
Paul JacquesPaul JacquesAimeeAimee
Baudry, 19Baudry, 19cc
[A Romantic[A RomanticView]View]
The Arrest of Robespierre
The Revolution The Revolution ConsumesConsumes
Its Own Children!Its Own Children!
Danton Awaits Danton Awaits Execution, Execution,
17931793
Robespierre Lies Robespierre Lies WoundedWoundedBefore the Before the
Revolutionary Tribunal Revolutionary Tribunal that will order him to that will order him to be guillotined, 1794.be guillotined, 1794.
Revolutionary Revolutionary AccomplishmentsAccomplishments
1.1. Successfully dislodged the Successfully dislodged the Ancien RegimeAncien Regime
2.2. Overthrew the MonarchyOverthrew the Monarchy
3.3. Brought church under Brought church under government controlgovernment control
4.4. Continuing reform of schools Continuing reform of schools and other social services and other social services
It was the best of times, It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of it was the age of foolishness, foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of it was the epoch of incredulity…incredulity…
-- Charles Dickens-- Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities A Tale of Two Cities
What did Charles What did Charles Dickens mean by this?Dickens mean by this?
