Restoration to Glorious Revolution

The Stuart Dynasty

The Stuart Monarchy

James I

[r. 1603-1625]

Son of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, who had been beheaded by Elizabeth 1st

His reign united England and Scotland = Great Britain

Charles I [r. 1625-1649]

The Petition of Rights, 1628

“The Stuart Magna Carta”

The Beheading of Charles I, 1649

Oliver Cromwell [1654-1658]

† Lord Protector

King Charles II [r. 1660-1685]

Had charm, poise, & political skills.

Restored theaters and reopened pubs and brothels closed by Cromwell

Favored religious toleration.

Realized he could not repeat mistakes of his father .

The Restoration 1673 Test Act

excluded all but Anglicans from gov’t positions.

1679 Habeas Corpus Act

Parliamentary Politics Tories: supporters of

Charles II Whigs: His Critics

James, Duke of York

Catholic

Married Anne Hyde

Haunted by his father’s death

Repeated mistakes of his father

King James II [r. 1685-1688] Zealous Catholic Convert

Remarried to Marie Beatrice of Modena, Catholic

Stuart Princesses: Heirs to the Throne

Mary

Raised as Good Protestants

Anne

King James II [r. 1685-1688] Suspended Test Act

Appointed Catholics

Arrested Anglican Bishops Who Refused to read Toleration Proclamation

1688 – Marie Beatrice gave birth to a son

“Warming Pan Baby”

William of Orange

Mary Stuart married William of Orange

Anne wrote to Mary telling her to claim the throne

“Glorious” Revolution: 1688 Whig & Tory leaders offered throne jointly to Mary &

William of Orange.

He was enemy of Louis XIV.

He was champion of Protestant cause.

English Bill of Rights [1689]

Settled power struggle between King & Parliament.

Expanded civil liberties in England.

English Bill of Rights [1689]1. The King could not suspend the operation of laws.2. The King could not interfere with the ordinary

course of justice.3. No taxes levied or standard army maintained in

peacetime without Parliament’s consent.4. Freedom of speech in Parliament.5. Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently.6. Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and

freedom from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment.

7. The monarch must be a Protestant.8. Freedom from arbitrary arrest, habeas corpus.9. Censorship of press was dropped.10.Religious toleration.

The Rest of the Story

• Anne became Queen when William died in 1702

• Although she was pregnant 17 times, none of her children will survive her.

• Died in 1714, bitter but determined to keep her brother from the throne.

George I [1714-1727]

• Great Grandson to James I

• House of Hanover • “German George”

The Stuart Monarchy

The Pretenders

Bonnie Prince Charlie

James Francis Edward

Their Efforts End at Battle of Culloden, 1745