The Spatial Distribution of Family Income and Poverty in San

Public Research Institute San Francisco State University

Public Research Institute Phone 415 338 2978 1600 Holloway Avenue Fax 415 338 6099 San Francisco, CA 94132

The Spatial Distribution of Family Income and Poverty in San Francisco, 2000

Report

November 1, 2002

The Spatial Distribution of Family Income and Poverty in San Francisco, 2000

Prepared for the San Francisco Urban Institute at San Francisco State University

by the Public Research Institute at San Francisco State University

November 1, 2002

Prepared by

Ayse Pamuk Assistant Professor of Urban Studies and Public Administration

Principal Investigator

This study was conducted with the assistance of:

PRI Director James A. Wiley PRI Associate Director John D. Rogers Senior Research Assistant Monique Nakagawa

PUBLIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE The Spatial Distribution of Family Income and Poverty in San Francisco, 2000 – San Francisco Urban

Institute at San Francisco State University i

Table of Contents

Summary of Findings 1

List of Tables

Table 1. Median Family Income by Zip Code, 2000 4

Table 2. Families in Poverty by Zip Code, 2000 5

List of Maps

Map 1. Median Family Income by Block Group, 2000 6

Map 2. Median Family Income by Census Tract, 2000 7

Map 3. Median Family Income by Zip Code, 2000 8

Map 4. Families in Poverty by Block Group, 2000 9

Map 5. Families in Poverty by Census Tract, 2000 10

Map 6. Families in Poverty by Zip Code, 2000 11


Institute at San Francisco State University 1

Summary of Findings

Public Research Institute at San Francisco State University has prepared this report at the request of the San Francisco Urban Institute (SFUI) at San Francisco State University. This study builds on research reported in an earlier report, “San Francisco’s Children and the Need for Head Start Centers,” prepared by the Mapping the Children Research Group and published by SFUI in February 2002. This project’s primary objective is to map recently released Census 2000 family income data for San Francisco County.

The Census 2000 family income variables have been analyzed and mapped using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). GIS allows the visual display of the spatial distribution of census data. Family income (P76) and Median Family Income in 1999 (P77) variables were downloaded from the Census 2000 website (www.census.gov) at the block group, census tract, and zip code tabulation area (zcta) levels. Block group, census tract, and zcta shapefiles were downloaded from Environment Systems Research Institute’s ArcData website (www.esri.com/data). GIS analysis was conducted using ArcView GIS.

The main findings are:

• In 2000, there were 147,186 family households, which represents 44.6% of all households in San Francisco County.

• The median family income in 2000 in San Francisco County was $63,545. Maps 1 through 3 show the distribution of median family income by the block group, census tract, and zip code levels.

• The wealthiest zip code, 94123 Marina/Cow Hollow, has a median family income of $133,235, which is more than twice the county average (Table 1).

• In contrast, the median family income of the poorest zip code, 94104 Financial District, is just less than one-third the county average, at $19,904 (Table 1). However, there are very few families in 94104, with a total of 83, the fewest in any zip code (Table 2).

• According to federal guidelines in 2000, the poverty threshold for a family of three was $14,150. The poverty threshold for a family of four was $17,050. According to state guidelines in 2000, the poverty threshold (75% of State Median Income) was $35,100 for a family of three and $39,000 for a family of four.

• In 2000, 9.5% of families citywide were under the federal poverty threshold, while 26.2% of families were under the state poverty threshold (Table 2). Maps 4 through 6 show the distribution of families living under the federal poverty threshold by the block group, census tract, and zip code levels.



• Map 1 shows that the median family income is lower in the eastern parts of the city, with concentrations particularly in the northeast quadrant, near the Hunters Point Shipyards, and along the Mission corridor. The northeast quadrant is the oldest developed area in the city, while the central- and southeast portions of the city include industrial land uses.

• Zip codes with a median family income below the state poverty threshold for a three person family are:

94104 Financial District ($19,904), 94102 Hayes Valley/Tenderloin ($29,073), and 94108 Chinatown ($32,061).

• Zip codes with a median family income below the state poverty threshold for a four person family include the above-mentioned zip codes, as well as 94124 Bayview/Hunters Point ($38,669). 94103 South of Market is just beyond the state poverty threshold at a median income of $39,208.

• The five zip codes with the greatest number of families living below the federal poverty threshold are:

94124 Bayview/Hunters Point (1438), 94110 Inner Mission/Bernal Heights (1308), 94109 Russian Hill/Nob Hill (1014), 94102 Hayes Valley/Tenderloin (968), and 94133 North Beach/Telegraph Hill (961).

• The five zip codes with the greatest concentration (percent of total number of families in zip code) of families living below the federal poverty threshold are:

94104 Financial District (27.7%), 94102 Hayes Valley/Tenderloin (23.8%), 94124 Bayview/Hunters Point (20.2%), 94108 Chinatown (19.5%), and 94103 South of Market (18.8%).

• The five zip codes with the greatest number of families living below the state poverty threshold are:

94110 Inner Mission/Bernal Heights (4191), 94124 Bayview/Hunters Point (3281), 94112 Outer-Mission/Ingleside/Excelsior (3017), 94109 Russian Hill/Nob Hill (2995), and 94134 Visitacion Valley (2370).



• The five zip codes with the greatest concentration (percent of total number of families in zip code) of families living below the state poverty threshold are:

94104 Financial District (75.9%), 94102 Hayes Valley/Tenderloin (56.9%), 94108 Chinatown (55.7%), 94124 Bayview/Hunters Point (46.1%), and 94103 South of Market (45.3%).

• The concentrations of families living below the federal poverty threshold are located on the east side, in the northeast quadrant, in the southeast quadrant, and to a somewhat lesser extent along the Mission corridor. Areas which show the greatest concentration of families in poverty are Bayview/Hunters Point, Chinatown, South of Market, Sunnydale, Tenderloin/Civic Center, and Western Addition. Other high poverty areas include the Mission Corridor, Potrero Hill, and Treasure Island (Map 4).



Tables

Table 1. Median Family Income by Zip Code, 2000

Median Family Income Zip Code Neighborhood (in US Dollars)

94123 Marina/Cow Hollow 133,235

94127 West Portal/St. Francis Wood 109,271

94105 Downtown 100,196

94111 Embarcadero/Gateway 97,388

94114 Castro/Noe Valley 97,297

94131 Twin Peaks/Glen Park/Diamond Heights 90,677

94118 Inner Richmond/Presidio/Laurel 80,342

94117 Haight/Western Addition/Fillmore 80,063

94130 Treasure Island 76,701

94122 Sunset 73,909

94116 Parkside/Forest Hill 73,276

94121 Outer Richmond/Sea Cliff 70,724

94129 Presidio 67,045

94132 Stonestown/Lake Merced 66,500

94115 Pacific Heights/Western Addition 63,972

94107 Potrero Hill 61,932

94112 Outer-Mission/Ingleside/Excelsior 60,294

94134 Visitacion Valley 56,897

94109 Russian Hill/Nob Hill 52,283

94110 Inner Mission/Bernal Heights 50,829

94133 North Beach/Telegraph Hill 44,940

94103 South of Market 39,208

94124 Bayview/Hunters Point 38,669

94108 Chinatown 32,061

94102 Hayes Valley/Tenderloin 29,073

94104 Financial District 19,904

San Francisco County 63,545

Source: US Census Bureau, Census 2000 Summary File 3.



Table 2. Families in Poverty by Zip Code, 2000

Families Earning Less Than $15,000 per year Families Earning Less

Than $35,000 per yearZip Code Neighborhood Total Number Percent Number Percent

94124 Bayview/Hunters Point 7120 1438 20.2 3281 46.1 94110 Inner Mission/Bernal Heights 12716 1308 10.3 4191 33.0 94109 Russian Hill/Nob Hill 8680 1014 11.7 2995 34.5 94102 Hayes Valley/Tenderloin 4062 968 23.8 2312 56.9 94133 North Beach/Telegraph Hill 5452 961 17.6 2303 42.2 94134 Visitacion Valley 8570 853 10.0 2370 27.7 94115 Pacific Heights/Western Addition 5753 847 14.7 1921 33.4 94112 Outer-Mission/Ingleside/Excelsior 14955 827 5.5 3017 20.2 94122 Sunset 11981 758 6.3 2216 18.5 94121 Outer Richmond/Sea Cliff 9746 683 7.0 1940 19.9 94118 Inner Richmond/Presidio/Laurel 8250 599 7.3 1677 20.3 94103 South of Market 2969 558 18.8 1344 45.3 94107 Potrero Hill 3080 552 17.9 984 31.9 94108 Chinatown 2655 518 19.5 1478 55.7 94116 Parkside/Forest Hill 10270 465 4.5 1861 18.1 94132 Stonestown/Lake Merced 5848 459 7.8 1145 19.6 94117 Haight/Western Addition/Fillmore 4597 358 7.8 933 20.3 94131 Twin Peaks/Glen Park/Diamond Heights 5630 260 4.6 812 14.4 94127 West Portal/St. Francis Wood 5030 180 3.6 527 10.5 94114 Castro/Noe Valley 4133 129 3.1 509 12.3 94123 Marina/Cow Hollow 4020 120 3.0 382 9.5 94111 Embarcadero/Gateway 682 62 9.1 154 22.6 94129 Presidio 404 32 7.9 87 21.5 94130 Treasure Island 183 29 15.8 43 23.5 94104 Financial District 83 23 27.7 63 75.9 94105 Downtown 317 16 5.0 29 9.1

147,186 14,017 9.5 38,574

26.2

Notes: 2000 Federal guidelines define poverty for a family of 3 at $14,150. California guidelines define low income as 75% of State Median Income, which is $35,100 for a family of 3.

Sources: US Department of Health and Human Services; US Census Bureau, Census 2000 Summary File 3; and California Department of Education, Child Development Division.

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Documents

The Spatial Distribution of Family Income and Poverty in San