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Dr. Margarite Zoeteweij ein Beitrag zur Tagung: Dynamiken der Einwanderungsgesellschaft 11.–13.11.2016 in Stuttgart-Hohenheim http://downloads.akademie-rs.de/migration/20161112_zoeteweij_tuerkei.pdf The situation of refugees in Turkey

The situation of refugees in Turkey€¦ · 2. The situation of refugees in Turkey ‘New law - old reflexes’ Dr. Margarite Zoeteweij NCCR-on the move Fribourg University, Switzerland

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Page 1: The situation of refugees in Turkey€¦ · 2. The situation of refugees in Turkey ‘New law - old reflexes’ Dr. Margarite Zoeteweij NCCR-on the move Fribourg University, Switzerland

Dr. Margarite Zoeteweij

ein Beitrag zur Tagung:

Dynamiken der Einwanderungsgesellschaft

11.–13.11.2016 in Stuttgart-Hohenheim

http://downloads.akademie-rs.de/migration/20161112_zoeteweij_tuerkei.pdf

The situation of refugees in Turkey

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The situation of refugees in Turkey‘New law - old reflexes’

Dr. Margarite ZoeteweijNCCR-on the moveFribourg University, Switzerland

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Synopsis

1. Development of EU-Turkish relations regarding migration management

2. EU-Turkey deal: why did Turkey agree?

3. How does the Turkish migration and asylum law work?

4. What is the situation of refugees in Turkey?

5. Can Turkey’s involvement contribute to a sustainable solution?

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Turkey: Transit country and country of destination

- 68% of irregularmigrants in Turkey transitory

- 3 million Syrian migrants present in Turkey (domestic population 77 million est.)

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EU-Turkey dealings with regard to migration managem ent

• 2001 Turkey-Greece readmission agreement (worked?)• 2014 EU-Turkey readmission agreement

• 2001: EU Commission receives mandate to negotiate with TR• 2006: opening of accession talks & RAA negotiations• 2010: decoupling accession talks from RAA negotiations • 2012: EU Commission receives mandate to negotiate visa-liberalization

with TR; TR agrees to sign RAA• 1 Oct 2014: RAA enters into force for EU/TR citizens, not for third

country nationals and stateless persons!• Publication of the ‘roadmap to visa-liberalization’

• 2016 EU-Turkey deal: visa liberalization? • June 2016: accelerated entry into force of RAA (Dec . 2016??)

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Why did Turkey do it?

• Visa liberalization• ?

• 1:1 resettlement• Does not work

• Financial assistance• Works well for EU (if you disregard procedural law)• Not enough for Turkey

• Turkey’s own calculations• Domestic: potential voters?• Regional: from zero problems to zero friends to regional power?

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5. Turkey’s asylum law and system

• No coherent asylum and migration law until 2014• Laws dating back to 1932; Administrative decisions regulating asylum, without

recourse to courts of law• (Criminal) detention without legal basis, removal for reasons of ‘public security’

etc.

• 2014 introduction of Law on Foreigners and Int. Pro tection• Positive sides: civil administration, introduction of secondary protection• Negative sides: Geographical limitation of the Geneva Convention; interpretation

of ‘EU language’ (‘safe’; temporary protection’,‘inhuman treatment’); ‘old’ Turkish vocabulary remains (‘public security’); content of rights depending on secondary law; no (adequate) funds for practical implementation;

• Practice ‘a la turca’: legal assistance, access to labor market, education…

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Istanbul: 750 000 Ankara: 250 000

İzmir: 20 000 Hatay: 200 000

Adana: 250 000 Konya: 250 000

Bursa: 340 000 Mersin: 200 000 Ratio of Syrian refugees to Turkish population

Şanlıurfa: 141 000 Gaziantep: 145 000

Mardin: 60 000 Diyarbakır: 125 000

Siirt: 24 000

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REFUGEE CAMPS IN TURKEY

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Syria

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Conclusion

• Turkey deal is not a solution• Facing problems (together) results in credibility and authority; finding

temporary ‘solutions’ does not• Turkey and EU jointly bound by ECHR with regard to all migrants within its

territory• EU must realize that it is bound by norms of international law that are there to

apply in times of crisis; crisis is not a ‘force majeure’.

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Contact

[email protected]://nccr-onthemove.ch/who-is-who/people/?start=z&p_id=2021www.unifr.ch/ius/progin_fr/home

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http://downloads.akademie-rs.de/migration/20161112_zoeteweij_tuerkei.pdf

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