SYRIAN REFUGEES CRISES IN TURKEY & EUROPE

Assoc. Prof. Dr. M. Murat ERDOĞAN

Director, Hacettepe University

Migration and Politics Research Center –HUGO

Ankara-Turkey

merdogan1103@gmail.com / www.hugo.hacettepe.edu.tr / www.mmuraterdogan.com

September 2015

Humanitarian Cost of Civil War in Syria Between April 2011-September 2015

in Syria (population was 22,8 mio. in 2011 )› More than 250.000 people were killed

› More than 1 mio were injured

› More than 5 mio. Syrians fled their country

› More than 6 mio. were displaced Syrian territory

› 3-5 mio. people are waiting for the opportunity to escape from Syrian

› AND UNFORTUNATELY

› no hope of peace and security in Syria in the short ormedium term!

Turkeys Syrian RefugeePolicy:

-»Open Door Policy»

-“Non-refoulement”

-»Temporary protection status»

TURKEY 1.938.999

LEBANON 1.113.941

JORDAN 629.266

IRAQ 249.463

EGYPT 132.375

Almanya/Germany 98,738

İsveç / Sweden

64.685

Hollanda / Netherland

14,137

Avusturya / Austria

18,647

Danimarka / Denmark

11,296

Macaristan / Hungary

18.777

İsviçre /Switzerland

8.288

İngiltere / UK

7.030

Fransa / France

6.657

Belçika / Belgien

6.334

İtalya/ Italy

2.143

TURKEY

48,5%

LEBENON

23%

JORDAN

10%

Others

9%

EGYPT

3%

IRAQ

5%

SYRIANS REFUGEE

(September 2015)

TURKEY 1.938.999

LEBANON 1.113.941

JORDAN 629.266

IRAQ 249.463

EGYPT 132.375

260.209

(275,000 max.

capacity)

10 ilde /cities

25 Camps /

Barınma Merkezi

(Hatay, Gaziantep,

Şanlıurfa, Kilis, Mardin,

Kahramanmaraş,

Osmaniye, Adıyaman, Adana, Malatya)

6 Container/

Konteynerkent

19 Tent / Çadırkent

More than 55,2 % of Syrian Refugees in Turkey are under 18 Years old. It means:

1.070.328 Syrian in Turkey under 18 Years Old

(14 % ) 12-17 Years Old: 271.000

(21.2 %) 5-11 Years Old: 411.000

(20 %) 0-4 Years Old: 387.000

IT MEANS MINIMUM +150.000 SYRIAN BABIES WERE BORN IN TURKEY

IT MEANS MINUMUM + 600.000 SYRIAN CHILDREN ARE IN SCHOOL AGE

MORE THAN 150.000

SYRIAN BABIES WERE BORN IN

TURKEYBetw. APRIL 2011-SEPTEMBER 2015

The most important question for crises menagement:

«TEMPORARINESS» or «PERMANENCE»

MOST OF THEM WILL STAY IN TURKEY and

EUROPE FOR EVER

BECAUSE

* It is a nature of mass international migration

* Peace and security can not be achieved in the short

and medium term in Syria

FINANCIAL COST:

5,5-6 BILLION USD(PER DAY 2,5 MİLLİON USD PAY TURKEY ONLY FOR 25 CAMPS)

ONLY 5% INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT

HUMANITARIAN «SUPPORT»1,9-2 ,2 MİLLİON REFUGEE

IN THE WORLD 350.000 (5-9% of 4 Mio.)

AND

TURKEY AND THE OTHER NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES

HAVE NOW VERY SERIOUS

SECURITY AND SOCIAL RISKS FOR EVER

There was no realistic and commen EU policy and cooperation for Syrian Refugees:

Europe to Turkey: «Keep eastern door open to Syrians, but keep western

door closed…»*(*M.Murat Erdoğan, Syrian in Turkey: Social Acceptance and Integration, 2015)

1. Syrian Refugees knows after 4 years they can

not go back to Syria

2. Because of the geografical limitation of

Genova Convence 1951 non-european people

have in Turkey only «under temporary

protection» and they have no real refugee

status.

3. They have in Turkey and the other regional

countries no realistic future.

4. They take risk to build tehir new life better

Some of them died/killed in the way. But not

forget: In 2015: Died/Killed: 3.000

People, who rich the aim (Europe) over

300.000…

Of course they are ready to take risks..

5. After German policy it would be much difficult

to stop them.

Most refugees from Syrian are in Germany and Sweden . I find the support of Germany and German society's extremely important.

We can’t forget: It is also very big political risk for A.Merkel. I congratulate the German goverment and society.

Actually, there is an urgent need for burden-sharing within the EU.

This problem is not Germany, all Europe's common problems.

It should also be made in this regard close and realisticcooperation with the EU and Turkey.

Doç. Dr. M. Murat ERDOĞAN

Arda AKÇİÇEK * İdil AKINCI * Deniz AYDINLI

Selin ÇAKAR * Tuğçe ÇETİNKAYA * Mine GÜLTEKİN * Eda SEVİNİN

Buket TENEKE * Yrd. Doç. Dr. Elif UZGÖREN * Yrd. Doç. Dr. Ayselin YILDIZ

RAPOR/REPORT (2014) KİTAP / BOOK (2015)

TECHNICAL DETAILS OF THE RESEARCH

METHOD:

I. In-depth interviews (in 6 cities 144 interviews)• with Turks and Syrians- Semi-Structuredinterviews

II. Public Opinion Survey in Turkey (with 1501 participants in 18 cities)

III. Media Analysis (General-Local)

IV. NGO Analysis

18 CITIES

+18 / 1501 Person

October 2014

What is the defination of Syrians in Turkey for Turks?

PROPOSITIONS Strongly Agee

%

Agree

%

Neither Agree

Nor Disagree

%

Disagree

%

Strongly

Disagree

%

Syrians should be sent back to their

country even though the war is

ongoing % 12,4 18,2 11,6 45,3 12,5

Admission of Syrians without any

discrimination regarding their

language, religion and ethnical

background is a humanitarian

obligation on our part.

14,3 50,3 12,6 18,3 4,5

.

Sabah Star Yeni Şafak Yeni Akit Takvim Zaman Milliyet Hürriyet Posta Vatan Akşam SoL Evrensel, Birgün Radikal Agos Taraf Yeni Çağ Milli Gazete Yurt Aydınlık

Adana Haber

Gazetesi

Adana Medya

Gazetesi

Aliağa Ekspres

Gazetesi

Antakya Gazetesi

Atayurt Gazetesi

Besni Yeni Bakış

Gazetesi

Büyük Torbalı

Gazetesi

Ceyhan Mavi Haber

Gazetesi

Demokrat Mersin

Gazetesi

Doğru Haber

Gazetesi

Doğuş Gazetesi

Dokuz Eylül Gazetesi

Ege Hakimiyet

Gazetesi

Ege Olay Gazetesi

Ege Politik Gazetesi

Ege Postası

Ege Telgraf Gazetesi

Ekspres Gazete

GAP Gündemi Gazetesi

GAP Olay Haber

Gazetesi

Gazete Adana Gazete

Adıyaman

Gazete Dokuz Eylül

Gazete Gölbaşı

Günaydın Adana

Gazetesi

Güncel Gazete

Haber Ekspres Gazetesi

Haberdar Gazetesi

Hududeli Gazetesi

İskenderun Ses Gazetesi

İstanbul Olay Gazetesi

Kadıköy Gazetesi

Kahramanmaraş

Gazetesi

Kahramanmaraş’ta

Bugün Gazetesi

Kahta Gündem

Gazetesi

Kent Gazetesi

Kilis Postası

Mersin Gazetesi

Mersin Haberci

Gazetesi

Mersin İstikbal

Gazetesi

Nizip Denge Gazetesi

Özyurt Gazetesi

Refleks Gazetesi

Şanlıurfa Gazetesi

Şanlıurfa Olay

Gazetesi

Tarsus Haber

Gazetesi

Telgraf Gazetesi

Urfa Haber Gazetesi

Urfa Times Gazetesi

Yenigün Gazetesi

Yeni Adana Gazetesi

Yeni Afşin Gazetesi

Yeni Asır Gazetesi

Yeni Ceyhan

Gazetesi

Yorum Gazetesi

5 Ocak Gazetesi

Type of NGO’s

Reight Based NGO’s

Religious Based NGO’s

Aid Based NGO’s

Micro Local NGO’s

International NGO’s

PROJECTIONS / RECOMMENDATIONS

This study shows that despite the occasional negative attitudes in line with racism, xenophobia and hate,

the level of general social acceptance is unusually high for

Syrians in Turkey.

However, this social acceptance

case may not be open-ended,

infinite and sustainable in its current form.

There is significant evidence to anticipate that it will not be possible to establish peace in Syria in the foreseeable future; thus, the refugee influx is likely to continue.

During this process, countries neighboring Syria, Turkey and Jordan particularly, have been left alone by the prosperous-developed Western world.

Turkey and other neighboring countries

became the victims of universal open

doors policy. Each international crisis has

the potential to trigger a domestic crisis in a neighboring country.

Day by day, it becomes harder to define

Syrians as guests and it recalls the very

similar experience of Turks in Europe: not of acceptance but of exclusion.

Attitudes of society toward Syrians

display a essentially “rights-based”

character. For example, the proposition

that “They should be sent back home,

even though the war is ongoing” is without doubt opposed.

Despite the neighborhood and ethno-

religious similarities, cultural proximity

with Syrians is drastically low in Turkish

society. In fact, a serious level of

marginalization has been detected. The

proposition of “I think we are culturally

similar with Syrians” got a mere 17% support.

Despite the neighborhood and ethno-

religious similarities, cultural proximity

with Syrians is drastically low in Turkish

society. In fact, a serious level of

marginalization has been detected. The

proposition of “I think we are culturally

similar with Syrians” got a mere 17% support.

Although the Syrians living in Turkey state

that they may eventually return if a

peaceful environment is established in their

country, they admit that it is becoming

impossible in short and middle terms.

Therefore, that a significant amount of

Syrians will not turn back and permanently

stay in Turkeyand Europe is an evident reality.

In Syria and some other region countrieswaiting and trying millions of people to richEurope.

Extreme imbalances in economic, in political in security field between the regions is themobility will go on.

It is also not easy to find solutions. But it is a reponsibility of western countries to makerealistic policy to the other countries. It will helpalso for their stability, development and peace.

INTEGRATION POLICY… NOW!

Turkey’s Syrian policy, which is based on temporariness, should be maintained in a way and Turkey has to make an effort both for establishing a peaceful environment in Syria and for helping Syrians return to their country.

On the other hand, considering that at least 1,5-2 million Syrians are going to stay in Turkey permanently, policies of integration should be commence synchronously.

The issue of Syrians in Turkey and Europe is candidate to be the topic of forthcoming decades.

EU must be have more realistic andeffective cooperation with Turkey

Refugee Crises is not only a crises forTurkey. It is also not only a crises forEuropean Countries. It is a global problem and we have to find global solutation.

There is an urgent need for burden-

sharing within the EU and a commen EU

policy with Turkey.

In Syria and some other countries in the regionmillions of people are waiting and trying to reach Europe.

Extreme imbalances in economic and political security between regions will keep mobility going.

It is also not easy to find solutions. But it is a reponsibility of western countries to make realistic policy in relation to the other countries. It will help also for their stability, developmentand peace.

SYRIAN REFUGEES CRISES IN TURKEY & EUROPE

Assoc. Prof. Dr. M. Murat ERDOĞAN

Director, Hacettepe University

Migration and Politics Research Center –HUGO

Ankara-Turkey

merdogan1103@gmail.com / www.hugo.hacettepe.edu.tr / www.mmuraterdogan.com

September 2015