The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

1500-1800Focuses on the far-reaching changes in life in

Western Europe brought about by the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

Watch the videos and fill in the blanks.

All About the Enlightenment

All About The Enlightenmen

t Part 1

All About The Enlightenmen

t Part 2

Scientists Challenged Old Assumptions

Chapter 16.4 p. 386

Geocentric TheoryPtolemy (c.90-168)

Heliocentric Theory Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)

Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)

William Harvey (1578-1657)

16.4 Section Review p. 389. Define: all Identify: e, f Answer: 1, 3, 5

Section Review

European Thinkers Expressed New Ideas

Chapter 20.1 p. 460

Isaac Newton (1642-1727)

Voltaire (1694-1778)

Philosophes

Diderot’s Encyclopedia

Voltaire was a philosopher who believed in individual freedoms – especially freedom of speech and of religion. He said “I may not agree with a word you say, but I will defend to the death

your right to say it.”

Best Idea Ever!

Scientific Discoveries

Baroque Period (1600-1750)

Classical Period (1750-1830)

20.1 Section Review p. 466. Define: a, b Identify: a, b, e Answer: 1, 3, 4, 5

Section Review

Writers Advocated Liberty and Reason

Chapter 20.2 p. 466

Adam Smith (1723-1790)

• People are selfish and will try to make money and live comfortably

Self-Interest

• Makes for efficiently made, less expensive, and better quality products

Competition

• Only enough producers exist to fulfill the demand

Supply and Demand

Adam Smith read Diderot’s

encyclopedia and realized that many

economic views held in the book were

inaccurate. He came up with his own

economic theories that are still

considered today. He wrote about liberty

applied to the economy and trade – thus “FREE TRADE”

Executive

Legislative

Judicial

Balance of Power

Baron de Montesquieu(1689-1755)

Montesquieu believed in political liberty – namely through “separation of powers” where different parts of government should have different powers to check or “balance” the power of other areas:1. “Executive” – The King and his ministers to carry

out the law.2. “Legislative” – A parliament to hold power to

make the law.3. “Judicial” – Judges to interpret and apply the law.

Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)

John Locke (1632-1704)

John Locke was an English thinker who believed that all people were essentially

good and possessed natural rights – like liberty, the right to property, and

life. He spread the thought that a government should

only be in power as long as the people are happy with

their rule.

Rousseau was a writer who believed in the “Social Contract” which would

benefit all of society. He believed that liberty was

every person’s natural right and that a legitimate government ruled with the

consent of the people.

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)

Not everyone progressed in thinking about liberty and

freedoms. After witnessing the horrors of civil war in England,

Thomas Hobbes was convinced that all humans were naturally wicked and,

left to themselves, would give free reign to their evil ways. He wrote that governments were there to protect people from their own evils, and that the best government was an

“absolute monarch” with complete and total power.

20.2 Section Review p. 468. Define: a, b Identify: a, b Answer: 1a, 2, 3b, 4a, 5

Section Review