The Role of the Church. Popes and

Kings in Medieval Europe

Ch. 10-3

Pgs. 269-275

Kings >> conflict with the Church

800 A.D., Kings and nobles tried to take power from church.

Kings appointed their own people/ relatives to church positions, such as bishops and cardinals

Kings >> conflict with the Church

New pope- Gregory VII wanted to give back power to church.

Announced that Pope was higher than king and that only the Pope could appoint members to church

Kings >> conflict with the Church

King Henry IV refused

Pope excommunicated King Henry IV

Popes and Kings Ruled the WorldTHE MIDDLE AGES, 1000 A.D.

• Nearly everyone who lived in Europe during the Middle Ages was Christian

• Christianity was important to every part of life

Christianity

Power of the Church  Clergy- most often the

only members of society able to read and write

• Most kings were illiterate so members of the clergy were advisors to the king

• The clergy was very powerful

Clergy = the Church Officials

Clergy influenced all

levels of society,

especially kings,

because they were

educated

Clergy

• Church guided life of people… from baptism to marriage and to death

• Power to condemn or to forgive very powerful in people’s lives

Church Hierarchy

    Pope – head of church, Latin for “Father”

    Cardinals – advisors to the Pope, controlled the archbishops and choose new Pope from the cardinals

Current Pope:

Benedict XVI

El Grego, Portrait of a Cardinal

Church Hierarchy

•   Archbishops – controlled

archdiocese and bishops

Church Hierarchy

•   Abbots – in charge of

monasteries and local parishes

•   Priests - local church or parish; led religious services (weddings,

baptisms, and funerals),

cared for sick

Church Hierarchy:

Monks

• Lived in monasteries• “Hard” or physical

labor to support their communities

• Occasionally preached

• “Low man” on the Church Hierarchy “totem pole” but crucial since they were in contact with people the most.

Monastery• Complex community of many different buildings– Granaries– Breweries – Bakeries– Wineries– Abbey church– Library /

scriptorium– Hospital– School

Self contained like a town

Grannary

• A granary is a storehouse for threshed grain or animal feed

Abbey Church The Cathedral and Abbey

Church of St Alban) is a Church of England Cathedral church at St Albans, England. Became a cathedral in 1877, and is the second longest cathedral in the United Kingdom.

Scriptorium• "a place for writing",

is commonly used to refer to a room in medieval European monasteries devoted to the copying of manuscripts by monastic scribes.

A monk’s schedule

2:30 a.m. - wake up3:00 a.m. - early prayer5:00 a.m. - Study religious texts6:00 a.m. - Dawn prayers7:30 a.m. - Study religious texts8:00 a.m. - Prayer, church service, meetings9:45 a.m. - work in fields; copy books12:00 p.m. - noon prayer

A monk’s schedule

2:00 p.m. - eat daily meal

2:45 p.m. - work in fields; copy books

4:15 p.m. - afternoon prayers6:15 p.m. - evening prayers6:30 p.m. - go to sleep

A monk’s schedule

1. Name 3 things the monks did with their time?

a.

b.

c.

A monk’s schedule

1. Name 3 things the monks did with their time?

a. prayer

b. study religious texts

c. Work in the fields and copy books

Monastery• Inside libraries monks

copied manuscripts• Wrote in beautiful

handwriting• Drew elaborate

illustrations…………

• Illuminated letters

What is religious order?

• A group of people who dedicated their lives to religion and follow common rules

• Vatican City

Vatican City

• http://www.vatican.va/phome_ge.htm

• http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/tdhoanh-202188-city-state-vatican-delza-br-entertainment-ppt-powerpoint/

•Bishops were the leaders of the church •The leader of the bishops was the pope •Bishops were often very wealthy

•They wore religious garments

• had their own castles

•involved in politics; taxes and settled•Issues related to marriages.

The Bishop

“Spreading the Word”

St. Francis of Assisi

• Religious communities formed

• Monks could travel, spread Christianity, and do “good deeds” for the poor

• Saint Francis of Assisi began his own group of monks ….helping the poor and sick

An archbishop was simply a special form of bishop. As certain cities in the late Roman Empire were of especial importance, certain bishops gained special authority. A great city like Milan, for example, had administrative authority over a number of towns in northern Italy.

Archbishops

Friar comes from the Latin for brother. They are simply another kind of monk. The chief difference was the friars took preaching as a central mission. Instead of retreating from the world, as other monks did, the friars went into the world, to preach the Word of God.

Friars

• The bishop had his own court, where he heard any number of cases involving matters of religion

• A bishop typically held lands and might have authority over estates, villages and even towns.

• He could levy taxes there, exactly like a nobleman, and could even raise armies.

Bishop

• An abbot is the superior monk in, or head of, a monastery.

Abbot

Medieval Christian Church

Church Hierarchy: Women

• Women were excluded from church employment except as nuns or directors of Abbeys

• Nuns were “Brides of Christ”; swore never to marry, devoted to charitable work

Church Hierarchy: Women

• Worked with the poor, provided shelter, medicine and helped their religious community

• Abbesses: nuns in charge of convents--- communities for the nuns

Illuminated letters were an art form and common practice for nuns and monks copying texts for sale to help the convent or monastery.

Power of the Church

      Church encouraged Christians to save their souls by donating money to the churches

•Nobles were encouraged to leave their lands to the church (upon death) in return for saving their souls>>> increasing the church’s holdings and wealth

Education Spreads in Europe

 Monasteries became too small to teach those who wanted to be educated

• Began meeting outside or in taverns ….eventually began to construct buildings, which grew into universities and colleges

Music of Medieval European Christianity

Art of the Church

Filled with art, stained glass,, sculpture, and paintings

Tribute to God ….built to strike “awe” in those who viewed the art in these cathedrals

Art of the Medieval Church

Most art (paintings and sculptures) were religious and featured Christ or people from the Bible or lessons

Flat, stylized art… not three dimensional

Saint Francis of Assisi• Saint Francis was the son

of a wealthy merchant.

• He was born in Assisi, Italy in 1182.

• He gave money and his possessions to the poor.

• Preacher

Universities• The goal of the church was

to teach people about religion

• Most teachers were members of the clergy

• Taught religion, science, astronomy, medicine, law

• Italy, France and England

Thomas Aquinas

ArtDuring the period of the

Rayonnant style a significant change took place in Gothic architecture. After 1250, Gothic architects became more concerned with the creation of rich visual effects through decoration.

More St. Chapelle

More Gloucester

The Choir The Tower

More St. Maclou

Added beginning of 16th Century

Milan Cathedral (Duomo)

The biggest and greatest late gothic architecture in Italy.1386-1577, west front 1616-1813