76
Medieval Times Medieval Times Times of Kings, Knights, Times of Kings, Knights, and Chivalry. and Chivalry.

Medieval Times Times of Kings, Knights, and Chivalry

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Medieval TimesMedieval Times

Times of Kings, Knights, and Times of Kings, Knights, and Chivalry. Chivalry.

Feudal SystemFeudal System

Definition: A Medieval European political Definition: A Medieval European political system that revolved around the warrior system that revolved around the warrior nobility and the three key concepts of nobility and the three key concepts of lords, vassals, and fiefs.lords, vassals, and fiefs.

Lords: the nobility who owned the land.Lords: the nobility who owned the land. Vassals: people who the lords granted land Vassals: people who the lords granted land

to.to. Fief: the land given by the lord to the Fief: the land given by the lord to the

vassalvassal

LordsLords

There are two types of Lords. There are two types of Lords.

1.1. The Liege Lord: This is the King or The Liege Lord: This is the King or Emperor.Emperor.

2.2. Lesser Lords: Barons and knights Lesser Lords: Barons and knights who the king gives land after they who the king gives land after they pay homage to him. They are part pay homage to him. They are part of the vassals.of the vassals.

VassalsVassals

Includes lesser lords, under tenants, Includes lesser lords, under tenants, and peasants.and peasants.

Under tenants granted land to the Under tenants granted land to the peasants in return for rent and labor peasants in return for rent and labor services. services.

CharlemagneCharlemagne

He was a Frankish King who He was a Frankish King who expanded the Frankish Kingdom into expanded the Frankish Kingdom into an empire that spanned much of an empire that spanned much of Western and Central Europe. He Western and Central Europe. He ruled from 768 to 814.ruled from 768 to 814.

He is also responsible for the spread He is also responsible for the spread of feudalism throughout much of of feudalism throughout much of Europe.Europe.

HA-HA FloridaHA-HA Florida

Michigan 41 Florida 35Michigan 41 Florida 35

Florida goes 9-4Florida goes 9-4

Bourbon Street BlackoutBourbon Street Blackout

UGA 41 – Hawaii 10UGA 41 – Hawaii 10

If you can’t run with the big DAWGS If you can’t run with the big DAWGS don’t get off the porch. don’t get off the porch.

The Power of the ChurchThe Power of the Church

During Medieval times one of the During Medieval times one of the most powerful organizations in the most powerful organizations in the world was the Catholic Church.world was the Catholic Church.

The Pope in Rome used the clergy to The Pope in Rome used the clergy to influence politics in Medieval Europe.influence politics in Medieval Europe.

The Church as a Unifying The Church as a Unifying ForceForce

While feudalism divided the people While feudalism divided the people into the noble and peasant classes into the noble and peasant classes the Church bonded these people the Church bonded these people together.together.

They were a stable force during war They were a stable force during war and political turmoil. and political turmoil.

It also provided a sense of equality It also provided a sense of equality among because everybody followed among because everybody followed the same path to salvation.the same path to salvation.

The Church in VillagesThe Church in Villages

The Church in small villages was not The Church in small villages was not only the center of religious activity, it only the center of religious activity, it was the center of social gatherings.was the center of social gatherings.

Religious holidays such as Christmas Religious holidays such as Christmas and Easter were also times for great and Easter were also times for great celebration.celebration.

The Church and PoliticsThe Church and Politics

All medieval Christians, kings and All medieval Christians, kings and peasants alike were subject to canon law.peasants alike were subject to canon law.

Canon law or Church law were laws that Canon law or Church law were laws that concerned matters like marriage and concerned matters like marriage and religious practices.religious practices.

If these laws were broken a person was If these laws were broken a person was subject to excommunication and subject to excommunication and interdict.interdict.

Excommunication and Excommunication and InterdictInterdict

Excommunication: one person is Excommunication: one person is banished from the Church. banished from the Church.

Interdict: many sacraments and Interdict: many sacraments and religious practices are not allowed to religious practices are not allowed to be performed in the king’s land.be performed in the king’s land.

The Pope used these two The Pope used these two punishments to hold kings in check.punishments to hold kings in check.

Pope Gregory VII vs. Henry Pope Gregory VII vs. Henry IVIV

The Church was not always happy The Church was not always happy with the kings of Europe.with the kings of Europe.

They particularly did not like the a They particularly did not like the a ceremony called lay investiture in ceremony called lay investiture in which kings appointed church which kings appointed church officials.officials.

In 1075 Pope Gregory VII banned lay In 1075 Pope Gregory VII banned lay investiture. This made the Henry IV investiture. This made the Henry IV upset. upset.

The Problem ContinuesThe Problem Continues

Henry IV continued to practice lay Henry IV continued to practice lay investiture and was excommunicated investiture and was excommunicated by Gregory VII.by Gregory VII.

The bishops and other church The bishops and other church officials sided with the Pope forcing officials sided with the Pope forcing Henry IV to seek forgiveness. Henry IV to seek forgiveness.

This was granted in 1077.This was granted in 1077.

The Concordat of WormsThe Concordat of Worms

The fight over lay investiture continued The fight over lay investiture continued after Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV had after Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV had died.died.

Eventually a compromise was reached Eventually a compromise was reached with the Concordat of Worms.with the Concordat of Worms.

This said the Pope would appoint the This said the Pope would appoint the bishops but the king could veto them.bishops but the king could veto them.

England BeginsEngland Begins

By 900 England had been battered by By 900 England had been battered by invasions by raids lead by the Vikings.invasions by raids lead by the Vikings.

They had been defended by leaders They had been defended by leaders such as Alfred the Great, but eventually such as Alfred the Great, but eventually these people from Scandinavia had these people from Scandinavia had taken control of England.taken control of England.

These new people were the Angle-These new people were the Angle-Saxon people. Saxon people.

William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror

By 1066 a struggle began over who By 1066 a struggle began over who would become the next king of would become the next king of England would be. Harold England would be. Harold Godwinson stepped forward and Godwinson stepped forward and made his claim.made his claim.

However, another leader would However, another leader would emerge to claim the crown. His emerge to claim the crown. His name was William of Normandy.name was William of Normandy.

Battle of HastingsBattle of Hastings

William and Harold argued over who William and Harold argued over who was the rightful king.was the rightful king.

This led to war. On October 14, 1066 This led to war. On October 14, 1066 William led his troops against Harold William led his troops against Harold at the Battle of Hastings in England.at the Battle of Hastings in England.

William was victorious and earned William was victorious and earned the title of William the Conqueror.the title of William the Conqueror.

How William Maintained How William Maintained ControlControl

The first thing William did was The first thing William did was remove all the lords who supported remove all the lords who supported Harold.Harold.

He then placed people who He then placed people who supported him in their place.supported him in their place.

William laid the foundation for William laid the foundation for centralized government in England.centralized government in England.

Doomsday BookDoomsday Book

This refers to a book that William the This refers to a book that William the Conqueror ordered to be kept that Conqueror ordered to be kept that showed who had paid taxes and who showed who had paid taxes and who had not.had not.

The people who looked after these The people who looked after these affairs were called exchequers.affairs were called exchequers.

AssignmentsAssignments

These assignments are due on Test Day These assignments are due on Test Day which will be next Friday.which will be next Friday.

First, have your note book completed and First, have your note book completed and ready to turn in. Second, the two ready to turn in. Second, the two worksheets that will be handed out at the worksheets that will be handed out at the end of class. Finally, a Venn Diagram end of class. Finally, a Venn Diagram describing the similarities and differences in describing the similarities and differences in Greek Democracy, the Roman Republic, and Greek Democracy, the Roman Republic, and Medieval Feudalism. These all need to be in Medieval Feudalism. These all need to be in your notebook.your notebook.

Sugar BowlSugar Bowl

Knowshon scores Knowshon scores first touchdown in first touchdown in the sUGAr Bowl.the sUGAr Bowl.

                                                                        

                                 

sUGAr BowlsUGAr Bowl

                                                                        

                                  

sUGAr BowlsUGAr Bowl

                                                                                     

                                  

sUGAr BowlsUGAr Bowl

                                                                                                                                         

                       

Henry IIHenry II

Henry II became king in 1154 and Henry II became king in 1154 and ruled until 1189. He extended the ruled until 1189. He extended the English territories in France by English territories in France by gaining Aquitaine.gaining Aquitaine.

He did this by marrying Eleanor of He did this by marrying Eleanor of Aquitaine.Aquitaine.

Common LawCommon Law

Henry II also strengthened the English Henry II also strengthened the English government by placing judges in every government by placing judges in every territory owned by England.territory owned by England.

These judges had the power to collect These judges had the power to collect taxes, settle lawsuits, and punish crimes.taxes, settle lawsuits, and punish crimes.

These judges formed what became known These judges formed what became known as the English common law. This became as the English common law. This became the basis for law in many English-speaking the basis for law in many English-speaking countries.countries.

Magna CartaMagna Carta

John was also a cruel man who ruled John was also a cruel man who ruled in a way that made everyone angry in a way that made everyone angry at him. This led to the Magna Carta.at him. This led to the Magna Carta.

This document, which John This document, which John reluctantly signed gave basic political reluctantly signed gave basic political rights to the citizens of England. rights to the citizens of England.

Rights in the Magna CartaRights in the Magna Carta

No taxation without representation.No taxation without representation. A jury trialA jury trial Protection of the lawProtection of the law This became the basis for the basic This became the basis for the basic

legal rights of both England and the legal rights of both England and the United States of America.United States of America.

Parliament in EnglandParliament in England

Under Edward I England took another Under Edward I England took another important step forward into becoming important step forward into becoming democratic country.democratic country.

In 1295 the first parliament, legislative In 1295 the first parliament, legislative body, held its first meeting. This body, held its first meeting. This parliament was made up of knights, parliament was made up of knights, burgesses, bishops, and lords. It burgesses, bishops, and lords. It became known as the Model Parliament.became known as the Model Parliament.

France in Medieval TimesFrance in Medieval Times

After the breakup of Charlemagne After the breakup of Charlemagne Empire the French Lords ruled their Empire the French Lords ruled their individual territories using the Feudal individual territories using the Feudal System.System.

In 987 the last member, Louis the In 987 the last member, Louis the Sluggard, of the Carolingian Dynasty Sluggard, of the Carolingian Dynasty died.died.

This laid the path opened for a new This laid the path opened for a new dynasty to begin and to unite France as dynasty to begin and to unite France as one kingdom.one kingdom.

Capetian DynastyCapetian Dynasty

Hugh Capet: He was an Hugh Capet: He was an undistinguished duke from the undistinguished duke from the middle of France whose family ruled middle of France whose family ruled a small territory, but at its heart a small territory, but at its heart stood Paris.stood Paris.

It was the geography of the Capetian It was the geography of the Capetian lands that allowed it to become a lands that allowed it to become a dynasty.dynasty.

Reasons France Unites Reasons France Unites Under the CapetiansUnder the Capetians

The most important reason for the The most important reason for the France uniting was that the Capetian France uniting was that the Capetian territory sat in the middle of territory sat in the middle of important trade routes.important trade routes.

Slowly over a period of the Capetians Slowly over a period of the Capetians took control of strategic areas, and took control of strategic areas, and this allowed their power to grow. this allowed their power to grow.

Philip IIPhilip II

One of the most powerful Capetian One of the most powerful Capetian kings was Philip Augustus or Philip II.kings was Philip Augustus or Philip II.

Philip II first goal was to weaken the Philip II first goal was to weaken the power of English kings in France.power of English kings in France.

At first he had little success against At first he had little success against kings like Henry II and Richard the kings like Henry II and Richard the Lionheart.Lionheart.

However, when John I became king his However, when John I became king his success grew.success grew.

Philip IIPhilip II

By 1204 he had tripled the lands of By 1204 he had tripled the lands of France.France.

His next goal was to strengthen the His next goal was to strengthen the central government.central government.

He did this by appointing bailiffs to He did this by appointing bailiffs to each territory to preside over the each territory to preside over the kings courts and collect taxes.kings courts and collect taxes.

Comparison of France and Comparison of France and EnglandEngland

William the Conqueror William the Conqueror invades England in invades England in 1066.1066.

Henry II introduces the Henry II introduces the use of juries to the use of juries to the courts.courts.

John agrees to the John agrees to the Magna CartaMagna Carta

Edward calls the Edward calls the Model Parliament.Model Parliament.

Hugh Capet increases Hugh Capet increases the territories of the territories of France.France.

Philip II establishes Philip II establishes bailiffs to preside over bailiffs to preside over the courts.the courts.

Louis IX creates Louis IX creates appeals courtappeals court

Philip IV adds Third Philip IV adds Third Estate to the Estates-Estate to the Estates-General.General.

The PlagueThe Plague

One of the most devastating events in One of the most devastating events in human history occurred during the human history occurred during the early 1300’s. This was the Bubonic early 1300’s. This was the Bubonic Plague.Plague.

The plague originated in Asia and The plague originated in Asia and made its way to Europe on trade ships.made its way to Europe on trade ships.

It was spread by fleas that sucked the It was spread by fleas that sucked the blood of infected rats.blood of infected rats.

The Effects of the PlagueThe Effects of the Plague

25 million people died in Europe and 25 million people died in Europe and many millions more died in Asia and many millions more died in Asia and North Africa.North Africa.

Other effects included town populations Other effects included town populations fallen, trade declined prices rose, nobles fallen, trade declined prices rose, nobles resisted peasant demands for higher resisted peasant demands for higher wages causing peasant revolts, and wages causing peasant revolts, and Jews were persecuted and murdered.Jews were persecuted and murdered.

Final AP Top 25Final AP Top 25

1. 1. LSULSU (60) 12-2 1,620 (60) 12-2 1,620   2. 2. GeorgiaGeorgia (3) 11-2 1,515 (3) 11-2 1,515   3. 3. USCUSC (1) 11-2 1,500 (1) 11-2 1,500   4. 4. MissouriMissouri 12-2 1,347 12-2 1,347   5. 5. Ohio StateOhio State 11-2 1,346 11-2 1,346   6. 6. West VirginiaWest Virginia 11-2 1,342 11-2 1,342   7. 7. KansasKansas (1) 12-1 1,303 (1) 12-1 1,303   8. 8. OklahomaOklahoma 11-3 1,139 11-3 1,139   9. 9. Virginia TechVirginia Tech 11-3 1,096 11-3 1,096

Hundred Years WarHundred Years War

The Hundred Years War (1337-1453) The Hundred Years War (1337-1453) was a series of wars fought between was a series of wars fought between England and France.England and France.

Fought mainly over control of lands Fought mainly over control of lands in France that both England and in France that both England and France claimed.France claimed.

BattlesBattles

There were three significant battles There were three significant battles during the Hundred Years War.during the Hundred Years War.

1.1. Crecy: most significant battle Crecy: most significant battle because of the introduction of the because of the introduction of the longbow. England won.longbow. England won.

2.2. Poiters: English repeated the Poiters: English repeated the success of Crecy.success of Crecy.

3.3. Agincourt: another English victory.Agincourt: another English victory.

End of the WarEnd of the War

From 1421 to 1453 the French fought From 1421 to 1453 the French fought to drive the English out of France and to drive the English out of France and succeeded. By the end the English succeeded. By the end the English held only Calais.held only Calais.

Joan of Arc: one of the leaders of the Joan of Arc: one of the leaders of the French Army that drove the English French Army that drove the English out. She was eventually captured out. She was eventually captured and burned at the stake.and burned at the stake.

Impact of the WarImpact of the War

A feeling of nationalism emerged in A feeling of nationalism emerged in England and France. Now people saw the England and France. Now people saw the king as a national leader not just a feudal king as a national leader not just a feudal lord.lord.

The power and prestige of the French king The power and prestige of the French king increased.increased.

The English suffered internal turmoil The English suffered internal turmoil known as the War of the Roses, in which known as the War of the Roses, in which two noble houses fought for control.two noble houses fought for control.

Guilds and the Commercial Guilds and the Commercial RevolutionRevolution

Guilds: an organization of individuals Guilds: an organization of individuals in the same business or occupation in the same business or occupation working to improve economic and working to improve economic and social conditions of its members. The social conditions of its members. The merchant guilds controlled trade.merchant guilds controlled trade.

Commercial Revolution: this was an Commercial Revolution: this was an increase in the availability of trade increase in the availability of trade goods and new ways of doing business.goods and new ways of doing business.

“"And here I prophesy: this brawl today,Grown to this faction in the Temple garden,Shall send, between the Red Rose and the White,A thousand souls to death and deadly night."

  — Warwick, Henry VI, Part One