The Risorgimento was the name of?: A the emergence of a prosperous Europe from the ashes of World War II.B the movement to unify Italy.C the high cultural achievements of the Italian Renaissance.D Napoleonic rule in Italy.E the movement to unify Germany.

The Scientific Revolution and Deism radically transformed Western thinking by?: A. reaffirming the idea of original sin.B. requiring all previous scientific writings to be burned.C. turning the best minds away from literature and to science and technology.D. placing a new emphasis on irrationalism and mysticism.E. introducing the idea of secular progress.

•Post-Rev, what was France like politically?

France

•1814- Constitutional Monarchy - L XVIII; later became Conservative

•1830 - July Revolution ousts Charles X for Louis Philippe - Orleans fam

•1848 - June Revolutions - Louis Napoleon; President of Republic

Second Second French French

RepublicRepublic

Second Second French French

RepublicRepublic

Second Second French French EmpireEmpire

Second Second French French EmpireEmpire

•Aspects of Republic:

•National Assembly

•Universal male suffrage; pop. vote

•Louis Napoleon - stabilizes France; favors Church, army, wealthy, and businesses

•Louis Napoleon’s Policies:

•Falloux Laws: edu. goes back to church control

•Disenfranchises poor people

•Dismisses Legislative Assembly

•COUP d’etat!!!!

•Louis Napoleon --> Napoleon III

•Sets up Second Empire

•1852- Restores universal suffrage

•97% of voters say he’s hereditary emperor

•1851-1859: Strict; restricts press, sponsors candidates

•1859-1870: Reforms

•Reforms:

•Economic:

•Updates infrastructure w/ von Haussmann

•Free trade (1st ever)

•Credit Mobilier to fund industry

•Political:

•Extends power of Legislature

•Brings edu. back to government

•Permits trade unions, eases censorship

•Foreign Policy

•Frogs angry about involvement in Crimean War

•Colonialism is controversial

•Liberal reforms distract from bad foreign policy

Who were some key players in the unification of Italy?

•Shift in Italian unification

•From: Pius IX, Mazzini

•To: Garibaldi, Victor Emmanuel

•Realpolitik-based approach

•Count Camillo Benso di Cavour - leads struggle for unification

•P.M. for Victor Emmanuel

•Editor of Risorgimento newspaper (pro-Sardinia) and not a Romantic

•Makes key changes in Piedmont/Sardinia

•Cavour’s changes

•parliamentary gov’t, reformed judiciary, improved infrastructure

•Law of Convents and Siccardi Law sought to reduce Catholic Church

•Pius IX - Syllabus of Errors - warning against rationalism/liberalism

•Napoleon III

•Hey, I thought we were done with this guy? Nope!

•Plombieres - promise from N3 to allow Sardinia to become Italian and Savoy + Nice to be French

•Unification!

•1859 war w/ Austria - Sardinia-Piedmont

•1860 - arranges annexation of Parma, Modena, Romagna, and Tuscany

•Garibaldi - liberates so. Italy + Sicily

•Romantic Nationalism

•Forcefully extends policies with Red Shirts

•Takes over Naples + 2 Sicilies

•1861- Victor Emmanuel declared King of Italy over all but Rome + Venice

•1866 - Venice incorporated due to alliance with Bismarck

•1871 - Rome captured, becomes capital