The Rise of Dictators& World War II

Steps to War

Chapter 27, Section 1

Essential Questions:

• What justifies a country going to war?

Germany 1936• “The National Socialist (Nazi) regime in

Germany is based on a program of ruthless force, which program has for its aim, first, the enslavement of the German population to a National Socialist social and political program, and then to use the force of these 67 million people for the extension of German political and economic sovereignty over South-Eastern Europe – thus putting it into a position to dominate Europe completely.”

– George Messersmith, quoted in The Making of the 2nd World War

Asia Europe

The Treaty of Versailles:• Italy – Wanted More

Territory & Colonies After WWI Than it Got

• Japan – Felt Ignored by European Countries (Why?)

• Germany:– Lost 10% of Land– Lost All Colonies– No Army – Had to

Disarm– Pay $33 Billion in War

Damages– Had to Accept Full

Blame for the WWI!

How Were Dictators Able to Come to Power?

• After WWI, Many European Countries Were Destroyed

• Economies were in Ruins – NO JOBS!

• The Great Depression of the 1930’s Caused Massive Unemployment!

• New Leaders (Dictators Emerged!)

Benito Mussolini

• New Leader of Italy (Dictator by 1925)

• Started Fascism – Extreme Form of Patriotism & Nationalism

• Sing the National Anthem!

• “Il Duce” (The Leader)

Adolph Hitler• New Leader of Germany

(1933)

• Leader of the National Socialist German Worker’s Party (The Nazi’s)

• Preached German Racial Superiority: – Germans Were the Best!– Blamed Jews for

Germany’s Loss in WWI– Promised to Avenge the

WWI Loss – Blonde Hair & Blue Eyes:

Please Stand Up!

Great Public Speaker!• Hitler Was a Great Public

Speaker!

• Energetic/Motivating/ Fired Up

• The German People Loved Him! (Any Idea Why?)

• Promised the German People to Return Germany to Greatness!

• Told Germans the Defeat at World War I was NOT Their Fault – It was the Jews Fault! (Scapegoat)

Joseph Stalin • Became Leader of the

Soviet Union when Vladimir Lenin Died

• Communism – Under Stalin the Government Attempted to Control All Aspects of Peoples Lives

• No Religion/Censored Books/ Censored TV Shows/No Private Property/Etc…

• Had Absolute Power – Arrested/Jailed/Killed Anyone Against Him

Japanese Imperialism: 1931

• Japan in 1931 was Very Powerful!

• Wanted More Land & Natural Resources

• In 1931, Japan Attacked Manchuria (Northern Province of China)

• Took Over That Area & Looked to Conquer More of China/Asia!

Italian Imperialism: 1935

• Italy Attacked Ethiopia in 1935 (Africa)

• One of Only a Few Countries Left NOT Owned by European Countries

• Check Out Who Owned Africa in the 1930’s!

1st Sign of World War II

• Adolph Hitler in 1936 Moved German Troops into the Rhineland

• The Rhineland is an Area Right on Border Between France & Germany (Rhine River)

• This Was a Violation of the Treaty of Versailles! (Having an Army Too!)

• Nanny Nanny Poo-Poo!

Versailles Treaty

German Invasion of the Rhineland

• Violation of the Treaty of Versailles!

• France is Outraged! (AND Scared):– Germany is Right on Their

Border!– They Have an Army!

• Both France & the League of Nations Do Nothing About It!

• How Does the League of Nations “Look” to Adolph Hitler & the World?

Rome-Berlin Axis

• Alliance Between Hitler & Mussolini (Germany & Italy)

• 2nd Sign that Peace Would NOT Last Long in Europe

• Alliances – Causes of World Wars!

Spanish Civil War: 1939• Civil War Breaks Out

in Spain

• Fascist Military vs. Elected Government

• Fascists Win!

• Hitler & Mussolini Supported the Fascists in Spain with Guns, Troops, Weapons, Aircraft

4th Sign of World War II• Hitler & Germany

Invade Austria in 1938

• Austria Did NOT Fight Back!

• Most of Austria Was Made Up of German Speaking Peoples – They Wanted to be Part of Germany!

The Sudetenland• Region of

Czechoslovakia Where Many People of German Decent Lived

• Czechoslovakia Did NOT Want to Give it Up to Hitler & Nazi Germany

• Hitler Wanted the Sudetenland!

• The Sudetenland Was Once Part of Germany Taken Away After WWI

Steps to War

The Munich Agreement• Hitler Wanted the

Sudetenland! France & the Soviet Union Say NO! (We Got Your Back!)

• Europe Was on the Brink of War

• Prime Minister of England Neville Chamberlain Met with Adolph Hitler to Solve the Crisis

• They Met in Munich, Germany & Came to an Agreement

Appeasement• The Munich Agreement

Appeased Adolph Hitler

• Chamberlain Agreed to Give the Sudetenland to Hitler

• In Return, Germany Had to Promise to NOT Invade Any More Countries!

• Can YOU Think of Another Example of Appeasement?

The Munich Agreement

Neville Chamberlain

Britain’s Prime Minister Before World War II

“The agreement will achieve peace in our time”

Winston Churchill

Will be the Next Prime Minister in Britain During WWII

“Britain and France had to choose between war and shame. They chose shame. They will get war too.”

Albert Einstein• Was a German Jewish

Citizen

• Was Visiting the U.S. When the Nazi’s Took Over Germany in 1933

• Feared Going Back to Germany

• Was a Physicist:– Worked on the Manhattan

Project! – Helped to Build the 1st

Atomic Bomb

Hitler Breaks the Munich Agreement

• In March of 1939, Hitler Invades & Takes Over ALL of Czechoslovakia

• Declared Germany Would Invade Poland Next!

• Britain & France Warned that if Germany Invaded Poland, They Would Go to WAR!

Steps to War

The German-Soviet UnionNon-Aggression Pact

• Germany & the Soviet Union Agreed NOT to Declare War on Each Other

• Poland is in the Middle of Germany & the U.S.S.R.

• Germany Agreed to Attack from the East, U.S.S.R. from the West

• Germany & the Soviet Union Would Split Up (Share) Poland!

Invasion of Poland: Start of WWII

• September 1st, 1939, Germany & the U.S.S.R. Invade Poland

• Britain & France Declare War on Germany!

• World War II Begins!

Blitzkrieg

Blitzkrieg: Lightning War

• New Method of Warfare:

• Uses Speed & Surprise Using Tanks, Troops & Airplanes

• Took Less Than a Month to Conquer Poland!

Next 5 Countries to Fall

• Denmark• Norway• Belgium• Luxembourg• Netherlands

• Britain & France Couldn’t Do Anything to Stop the Axis Powers

Axis Powers vs. Allied Powers

• Germany• Italy• Japan

• Belgium • Canada• China• France• Great Britain• India• Mexico• Netherlands• Poland• Soviet Union• United States

Dunkirk• As European

Countries Fell, British & French Soldiers Retreated to Dunkirk, France

• 340,000 British, French, & Belgium Troops Rushed for the English Channel

• Retreated Back to England!

Dunkirk

Dunkirk

Germany’s Attack on France

• In June of 1940, Germany Attacked France

• Germany Conquered France in 2 Days

• France Surrendered!

Winston Churchill• The New Prime

Minister of Britain in 1940

• Declared, “We Shall Defend Every Village, Every Town, & Every City!”

• Assured the British People That They Would NEVER Surrender!

The RAF (Royal Air Force)

• Hitler Wanted to Conquer England

• Hitler Needed to Destroy the Royal Air Force (RAF) to Do So!

• Germany Sent the Luftwaffe to Bombard London & Other Civilian Targets

• The RAF Fought Bravely & Defended Britain with Valor! England Never Surrendered!

Stalin & the Soviet Union

• Stalin & the Soviet Union Invaded:–Finland–Estonia– Latvia– Lithuania

Hitler Got Greedy!• Hitler & Stalin

Distrusted Each Other

• Germany Wanted the Wheat & Oil Fields that the Soviet Union Had!

• Hitler Invaded the Soviet Union in 1941 (They Were Allies!)

Hitler Controlled Almost All of Europe!

Hitler’s BIGGEST Mistake!

• What Do YOU Attack if YOU Want to Capture a Country?

• Hitler Split His Troops Up & Did Not Focus on Moscow (Capital of U.S.S.R.)

• Mother Nature Won World War II!

Scorched Earth Policy

Mother Nature Helps Win WWII• There is a “Special

Someone”

• The Soviet Union Had the Harshest Winter it Ever Had in Decades!

• German Tanks & Weapons Broke Down!

• Germans Had No Supplies, Food, or Proper Clothing!

• Attempt to Capture Moscow Failed!

The Lend-Lease Act• The United States Was

Staying Neutral!

• However, U.S. Supported The Allies

• “We Must Be the Great Arsenal of Democracy” (FDR)

• U.S. Sent About $50 Billion Worth of Supplies, Food & Weapons to the Allies

Where is the United States?

• The United States Was Staying Neutral

• Americans Believed It Was Europe’s Problem!

• Isolationism!

• FDR Wanted to Join but the American People Did NOT!

The Japanese Join The Axis Powers (1940)

• Hideki Tojo: Military Dictator of Japan

• Japan Wanted to Invade the Dutch East Indies for OIL!

• Feared the U.S. Navy Would Stop Them!

Pearl Harbor

• Surprise Attack by the Japanese on U.S. Naval Base (Pearl Harbor)

• December 7th, 1941

• 2,400 Americans Were Killed

• U.S. Navy Was HURT BADLY!

Pearl Harbor• “December 7th, 1941,

A Day That Will Live in Infamy!” (FDR)

• 2,400 Americans Died

• FDR Asked Congress to Declare War on Japan!

• U.S. Enters WWII

See The Movie! (It’s Ok, Not That Great)

Play Pearl Harbor Trailer!

The U.S.S. Arizona Memorial

• The U.S.S. Arizona Was Sunk By the Japanese at Pearl Harbor

• 1,177 Crew Members Died

• The Ship Was Never Raised (The Bodies Were Never Taken Out)

• A Memorial is Built on Top of the U.S.S. Arizona Today!

Japan After Pearl Harbor

Brain Pop & United Streaming Clips!

Essential Questions:

• What justifies a country going to war?