WORLD WAR II

1939 TO 1945

EUROPE AND THE RISE OF DICTATORS

TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENT

•TYPE OF GOVERNMENT THAT TRIES TO EXERT COMPLETE CONTROL OVER ITS’ CITIZENS.

•TWO MAIN TYPES:

•COMMUNISM

•FASCISM

JOSEPH STALIN & COMMUNISM

•3 MAIN GOALS:

•CREATE MODEL COMMUNIST STATE

•CREATE STRONG AND POWERFUL AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY

•ABOLISH PRIVATE OWNERSHIP

*KILLED BETWEEN 8 AND 13 MILLION IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN CONTROL*

FASCISM•STRESSED NATIONALISM AND PLACED INTERESTS OF THE STATE ABOVE THE INDIVIDUAL

•POWER RESTS WITH ONE STRONG LEADER AND SMALL LOYAL GROUP

•FOCUS ON MILITARY POWER (MILITARISM)

ADOLF HITLER•DICTATOR OF NAZI GERMANY•JOINED NAZI PARTY IN 1919 AFTER FIGHTING IN WWI (ANGRY AT HOW GERMANY WAS TREATED)•BECAME THE PARTY LEADER THROUGH STRONG SPEAKING SKILLS AND CHARISMA

BENITO MUSSOLINI•DICTATOR OF ITALY

•POWERFUL SPEAKER THAT KNEW HOW TO APPEAL TO NATIONAL PRIDE

•WANTED PRIVATE PROPERTY BUT WITH STRONG GOVERNMENT CONTROL

FRANCISCO FRANCO•FASCIST GENERAL IN SPAIN THAT LED

A REBELLION AGAINST THE REPUBLIC

•WON A CIVIL WAR BETWEEN FASCISTS AND COMMUNISTS/SUPPORTERS OF THE MONARCHY

•DICTATOR OF SPAIN

WHAT IS THE UNITED STATES DOING?

•ISOLATIONIST

•PASSES THE NEUTRALITY ACTS WHICH OUTLAW THE SALE OF ARMS OR LOANS TO NATIONS AT WAR OR IN CIVIL WAR

TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENT CREATION

• YOU AND A PARTNER WILL BE CREATING AN ADVERTISEMENT FOR YOUR OWN TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENT.

• YOUR ADVERTISEMENT MUST INCLUDE:

• A TITLE WHICH IS THE NAME OF YOUR GOVERNMENT

• AN ILLUSTRATION PORTRAYING AND PROMOTING YOUR GOVERNMENT

• A SLOGAN EITHER IN YOUR ILLUSTRATION OR AS A CAPTION THAT REPRESENTS WHAT YOUR NEW GOVERNMENT STANDS FOR.

• A LIST OF THREE STRENGTHS OF YOUR NEW GOVERNMENT AND AT LEAST ONE POSSIBLE WEAKNESS OR DIFFICULTY.

WHAT ARE THE MESSAGES OF THESE POSTERS?

WAR IN EUROPE

SIX STEPS OF NAZI EXPANSION

•1. UNIFIED WITH GERMAN SPEAKING AUSTRIA (1937)

•2. OCCUPY GERMAN SPEAKING PART OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA (SUDETENLAND) (1938)

•3. OCCUPIED THE REST OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA (1939)

•4. INVASION OF POLAND IN 1939 (BRITAIN AND FRANCE DECLARE WAR)

•5. INVASION AND OCCUPATION OF NORWAY AND DENMARK IN APRIL 1940

•6. INVASION AND OCCUPATION OF FRANCE BY JUNE 1940 (ONLY BRITAIN OPPOSES GERMANY)

BLITZKRIEG•“LIGHTNING WAR”

•GERMAN TACTIC USED WHEN INVADING A COUNTRY

•VERY FAST WITH OVERWHELMING NUMBERS AND POWER

APPEASEMENT•POLICY OF AVOIDING WAR WITH

GERMANY BY ALLOWING THEM TO TAKEOVER SOME LAND (AUSTRIA AND CZECHOSLOVAKIA)

•NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN

•PRIME MINISTER OF GREAT BRITAIN

•BELIEVED APPEASEMENT WOULD WORK

WINSTON CHURCHILL

•BRITISH PRIME MINISTER STARTING IN 1940 AND THROUGHOUT THE WAR.

•OPPOSED APPEASEMENT AND GERMAN EXPANSION

CHARLES DE GAULLE•FRENCH GENERAL WHO SET UP A FREE FRENCH GOVERNMENT IN EXILE

•VOWED TO RETURN TO FRANCE BUT HAD LITTLE POWER WITHOUT BRITAIN’S HELP

SO WHAT IS THE SOVIET UNION DOING?

•SIGNED NON-AGGRESSION PACT WITH GERMANY

•JOINS BRITAIN AGAINST GERMANY AFTER GERMANY INVADES RUSSIA

THE HOLOCAUST

THE HOLOCAUST

•THE SYSTEMATIC MURDER OF 11 MILLION PEOPLE ACROSS EUROPE, 6 MILLION WERE JEWS

•JEWS WERE US AS A SCAPEGOAT FOR GERMANY’S PROBLEMS AND MISFORTUNES

KRISTALLNACHT

•“NIGHT OF BROKEN GLASS”

•FIRST TIME JEWS ARE TARGETED ON A MASS SCALE

•OVER 30,000 ARRESTED ACROSS GERMANY

3 STEPS OF THE HOLOCAUST

GHETTOS

•SEGREGATED JEWISH AREAS OF TOWNS THAT JEWS WERE FORCED TO RELOCATE TO.

CONCENTRATION CAMPS

•CAMPS WHERE JEWS AND OTHERS WERE SENT TO WORK AND ULTIMATELY DIE.

GENOCIDE•THE DELIBERATE AND SYSTEMATIC

KILLING OF AN ENTIRE POPULATION

•CONCENTRATION WERE NOW TURNED INTO DEATH CAMPS

Does this still happen today?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sHcJtU9dr6I

AMERICA MOVES TOWARDS WAR

AXIS POWERS

•GERMANY, ITALY, AND JAPAN

•ALL THREE SIGNED A DEFENSE TREATY IN SEPTEMBER OF 1940

•THIS GREATLY ALARMED THE UNITED STATES

ALLIED POWERS•UNITED STATES, GREAT BRITAIN, SOVIET UNION

•TOTAL OF 266 NATIONS SIGNED ON

•ONLY GREAT BRITAIN UNTIL LATE 1941

LEND-LEASE ACT•FREELY GAVE SUPPLIES TO NATIONS AS LONG AS “THEIR DEFENSE WAS VITAL TO THE UNITED STATES•GREAT BRITAIN IS THE

PRIMARY NATION THAT BENEFITED

•FDR CALLED AMERICA A “ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY”

HIDEKI TOJO AND JAPAN

•TOJO WAS THE CHIEF OF STAFF OF THE JAPANESE ARMY

•REAL POWER BEHIND THE GOVERNMENT

•EMPEROR HIROHITO WAS LARGELY JUST A FIGUREHEAD

JAPANESE EXPANSION•SEIZED MANCHURIA IN 1931

(CHINESE PROVINCE)

•INVADED CHINA IN 1937

•BY 1941, JAPAN SEIZED MOST OF EUROPEAN ISLANDS.

•WHY DID EUROPE AND THE U.S. DO NOTHING?

AMERICA ENTERS THE WAR•SURPRISE ATTACK ON PEARL

HARBOR BRINGS THE U.S. INTO WORLD WAR II

•U.S. DECLARES WAR ON JAPAN AND SOON AFTER JOINS GREAT BRITAIN AND THE SOVIET UNION AND DECLARES WAR ON GERMANY AND ITALY

http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-hd/videos

WAR SPEECH WRITING ASSIGNMENT• EVERYBODY WILL CREATE THEIR OWN ADDRESS TO THE NATION AS IF THEY WERE FDR SPEAKING TO THE NATION FOLLOWING PEARL HARBOR. THE SPEECH IS INTENDED TO INSPIRE AMERICANS TO WAR AND TO JOIN THE WAR EFFORT. IN ADDITION TO BEING TWO TO THREE PARAGRAPHS IN LENGTH, THE ADDRESS MUST ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

• WHAT WILL AMERICA DO NOW THAT IT HAS BEEN ATTACKED?

• WHAT SHOULD AMERICAN CITIZENS DO IN RESPONSE TO THIS ATTACK?

• WHAT WILL WAR MEAN FOR AMERICANS AND THE WORLD?

• FINALLY WHAT WILL THE RESULT WILL BE OF WAR AND HOW WILL AMERICA ACCOMPLISH IT?

THE NATION PREPARES FOR WAR

AMERICAN REACTION TO ATTACK

•JAPANESE OFFICIALS BELIEVE THEY HAVE BROKEN THE AMERICAN WILL TO FIGHT

•IN REALITY THERE IS A HUGE RESPONSE AND THOUSANDS OF MEN ACROSS THE COUNTRY GO TO ENLIST IN THE MILITARY

GEORGE MARSHALL AND WAAC

•GEORGE MARSHALL WAS THE U.S. ARMY CHIEF OF STAFF WHO WANTED WOMEN TO BE ABLE TO JOIN THE MILITARY.

•WOMEN’S AUXILIARY ARMY CORPS (WAAC): WOMEN TOOK ON NON-COMBAT ROLES SUCH AS NURSES AND RADIO OPERATORS

A. PHILIP RANDOLPH

•AFRICAN-AMERICAN LEADER WHO CALLED FOR EQUAL RIGHTS IN THE WORKFORCE AND MILITARY

•PLANNED A MARCH ON WASHINGTON

•FDR BACKED DOWN AND DECLARED EQUAL TREATMENT IN THE WORKFORCE AND MILITARY

MANHATTAN PROJECT

•CODENAME FOR THE ATOMIC BOMB PROJECT WORKED ON BY SCIENTISTS AT COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

OFFICE OF PRICE ADMINISTRATION (OPA)

•FOUGHT INFLATION BY FREEZING PRICES ON MOST CONSUMER GOODS

RATIONING•SYSTEM OF FIXED AMOUNTS OF GOODS DEEMED NECESSARY FOR THE MILITARY

•USED BY THE OPA AND GOVERNMENT TO SAVE COSTS AND SUPPLIES

WAR PRODUCTION BOARD (WPB)

•DECIDED WHICH COMPANIES WOULD CONVERT FROM PEACETIME TO WARTIME PRODUCTION

•ALLOCATED RAW MATERIALS

THE WAR FOR EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA

PHASES OF THE WAR IN EUROPE•1. ALLIED INVASION OF NORTH AFRICA

(1942)

•2. ALLIED INVASION OF SICILY AND ITALY (1943)

•3. INVASION OF NORMANDY, FRANCE (1944)

•4. FALL OF GERMANY (1945)

DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER

•SUPREME ALLIED COMMANDER IN EUROPE

•BEGINS COMMAND AS LEADER OF THE AMERICAN FORCES IN NORTH AFRICA

•BECOMES THE 34TH PRESIDENT IN 1953

D-DAY•JUNE 6TH, 1944, THE ALLIED INVASION OF NORMANDY,

FRANCE

•GERMANS BEGAN TO RETREAT AFTER THIS

http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/d-day/videos/d-days?m=5189719baf036&s=All&f=1&free=false

OMAR BRADLEY AND GEORGE PATTON•U.S. ARMY GENERALS IN EUROPE

•PATTON IS FAMOUS FOR LEADING AT THE FRONT OF HIS TROOPS AND OFTEN TIMES BEING NOT LISTENING DIRECTLY TO ORDERS

•BRADLEY WAS THE OPPOSITE OF PATTON AND WAS CALM, QUIET, AND FOLLOWED ORDERS DIRECTLY

http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/george-smith-patton/videos/patton-and-the-liberation-of-europe

BATTLE OF THE BULGE•LAST MAJOR GERMAN OFFENSIVE

http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/world-war-ii-history/videos/battle-bulge?m=5189719baf036&s=All&f=1&free=false

V-E DAY•VICTORY IN EUROPE DAY ON MAY 8, 1945

•HITLER COMMITS SUICIDE AND HIS GENERALS QUICKLY SURRENDER

HARRY S. TRUMAN

•VICE-PRESIDENT TO FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT

•TOOK OVER AS PRESIDENT AFTER FDR DIED FROM A STROKE

WAR IN THE PACIFIC AND THE END OF THE WAR

DOUGLAS MACARTHUR

•ALLIED ARMY COMMANDER IN THE PACIFIC

•FAMOUS FOR TELLING FILIPINOS THAT HE WOULD RETURN AFTER BEING FORCED AWAY BY THE JAPANESE

http://www.history.com/topics/douglas-macarthur/videos/douglas-macarthur

CHESTER NIMITZ

•COMMANDER OF AMERICAN NAVAL FORCES IN THE PACIFIC

•COMMANDER OF U.S. FORCES DURING THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY

BATTLE OF MIDWAY•TURNING POINT OF THE PACIFIC

WAR IN FAVOR OF THE ALLIES

(SUMMER 1942)

•ALLIES NOW BEGIN “ISLAND HOPPING”

•GUADALCANAL, IWO JIMA, AND OKINAWA

KAMIKAZE

•SUICIDE AIRPLANE ATTACK BY THE JAPANESE

J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER

•LEADING SCIENTIST ON THE MANHATTAN PROJECT

HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI

•THE TWO JAPANESE CITIES THAT ATOMIC BOMBS WERE DROPPED

•JAPAN SURRENDERED SHORTLY AFTER THE SECOND BOMB WAS DROPPED

•AUGUST 15, 1945 BECAME V-J DAY AND ENDED WWII

NUREMBURG TRIALS AND THE END OF THE WAR

•TRIALS OF NAZI LEADERS FOR WAR CRIMES

•GERMANY IS DIVIDED INTO OCCUPIED ZONES

•JAPAN CAME UNDER U.S. MILITARY OCCUPATION

DECISION TO DROP THE BOMB•ROLE: CONGRESSMAN, U.S. GENERAL, ALLIED LEADER, JAPANESE

GOVERNMENT, OR SCIENTIST WHO WORKED ON THE ATOMIC BOMB

•AUDIENCE: THE PRESIDENT

•FORMAT: LETTER TO PRESIDENT TRUMAN

•TOPIC: SHOULD OR SHOULD NOT THE U.S. USE THE NEWLY ACQUIRED ATOMIC BOMB TO END WWII (SUPPORT YOUR STANCE WITH AT LEAST 3 REASONS AND EVIDENCE)

THE HOME FRONT

WHAT HAPPENED AT HOME?

•UNEMPLOYMENT FELL TO 1.2 % IN 1944

•35% OF THE WORKFORCE IS WOMEN

•WAGES INCREASE

•POPULATION MIGRATES TO MAJOR CITIES

G.I. BILL OF RIGHTS

•PAID FOR WAR VETERANS TO GOT TO COLLEGE (7.8 MILLION) AND HELPED VETERANS RECEIVE BUSINESS AND HOME LOANS

CONGRESS OF RACIAL EQUALITY (CORE)

•FOUNDED BY CIVIL RIGHTS LEADER JAMES FARMER IN 1942

•CONFRONTS URBAN SEGREGATION IN THE NORTHERN CITIES

INTERNMENT CAMPS

•CAMPS WHERE JAPANESE AMERICANS WERE TAKEN TO BECAUSE OF THE FEAR OF SPIES

http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/japanese-american-relocation/videos/japanese-internment-in-america?m=5189719baf036&s=All&f=1&free=false

JAPANESE AMERICAN CITIZENS LEAGUE (JACL)

•ORGANIZATION THAT URGED THE GOVERNMENT TO COMPENSATE THOSE SENT TO INTERNMENT CAMPS