The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table

Headings: YELLOWVocabulary: GREEN

Important Stuff: PINK

Periodic TablePeriodic Table All periodic tables are a

little different-always check the key

You can find the mass, # of p, n, e, state of matter, symbol, # of outer electrons.

Groups-the vertical columns on the periodic table

Periods-the horizontal rows on the periodic table

Groups of the Periodic Table-KeyGroups of the Periodic Table-Key Group 1: Alkali Metals-H, Li, Na, K, Rb,

Cs, Fr Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals-Be, Mg,

Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Group 3-12: Transition Metals Group 17: Halogens-F, Cl, Br, I, At Group 18: Noble Gases, full outer shell,

nonreactive-He, Ne, Ar,Kr, Xe, Rn

Bohr ModelsBohr Models Outermost shell has

to have 8 or less Outermost electrons

are called valence electrons

The # of electrons is the same as the group number

Ex: All halogens, group 7, have 7 valence electrons

ReactivityReactivity

Elements in groups have similar characteristics and reactivity due to the number of valence electrons

All of the alkali metals have one electron in their outer shell and are highly reactive!

Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids-Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids-

Left side of periodic table are metals

Staircase: metalloids-have properties of metals and nonmetals

Right side of periodic table is made up of nonmetals after the staircase

BondingBonding Two Types:

Covalent: 2 atoms share electrons– Found in most compounds making up living things– Results in the formation of a molecule

Ionic : The gaining or losing of electrons– Increases the stability of an atom– Results in ions (positively or negatively charged particles)

Cation – positively charged particle- forms when an atom loses electrons Anion- negatively charged particle- forms when an atom gains electrons

Chemical ReactionsChemical Reactions The rate of a chemical reaction can be increased

Two ways– Catalyst- a man-made substance that lowers the amount of energy

required to start a chemical reaction, therefore speeding up the reaction.

It doesn’t increase the amount of product made or get used up– Enzyme- a protein in our body that lowers activation energy and

therefore speeds up a chemical reaction EX. Metabolic process such as digestion End in the suffix ASE.

Reactant Yields a ProductEx. N2 + 3H2 = 2 NH3