The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society - Assetsassets.cambridge.org/97805215/91157/index/9780521591157_index.pdfAbu Bakr, Sayf al-dm (al-Mansur Abu Bakr, r. 1341), 23 Abu Bakr

Index

Abaza, Abazan, Abkhaz, Abkhazia(n), 104,114,115,139

Abbasid(s), 14, 191, 225, 255, 258, 260 seealso caliphate

cAbd al-Rahman, grandson of Baktamur al-Hajib, 38'

cAbd al-Rahman Katkhuda (Bey) al-Qazdughil b. Hasan JawTsh, d. 1776, 120,125,126,142,233

'Abdallah Bey, retainer ofc AIT Bey BulutKapan, 119

cAbdallah al-Jarf, kdshifof Manufiyya, d.1799, 138

c AbidTn Bey, brother of Hasan Bey; Albanian,early 1800s, 148,233

AbidTn quarter (in Cairo), 217, 218, 233Abkhazia see AbazaAbu Bakr, Sayf al-dm (al-Mansur Abu Bakr,

r. 1341), 23Abu Bakr b. 'Abdallah b. Aybak al-Dawadan

see Ibn al-DawadanAbu Bakr b. al-Nasir Muhammad see al-

Mansur Abu BakrAbu 31-Fidas see 'Irnad al-DinAbu Hamid al-QudsT/al-MaqdisT, historian,

d. 1483,69,71, 176, 179,228Abu Sl-Khayr al-Nahhas, wakil bayt al-mdl,

1450, 28Abu '1-Munajja dam (on the Nile), 281, 282Abu Shama, historian, d. 1268, 167Abu ShanabT faction, eighteenth century, 122Acre (cAkka), 7, 118adab (belles-lettres), 84al-cAdil (Mamluk sultan) see Kitbugha;

Salamishal-Afram, viceroy of Safad, early 1300s, 37Afrasiyab, founder of the Afrasiyab dynasty

in l raq ,d .c . 1624/5, 113, 114, 115Africa, 133 see also North Africaagha, 94, 97, 137, 142, 145Agostini, Italian resident in Alexandria,

1780s, 132

ahlal-rusum, Fatimid officials, 261Ahmad Agha, d, 1774/5, 284Ahmad Agha see Giovannai GaetiAhmad b. Almalik al-Jiikandar, amir, later

Sufi, d. 1391,39,79Ahmad b. al-AtabakT TanT Bak, amir, d.

1472/3, 70Ahmad b. Baktamur al-SaqT, amir of one

hundred, d. 1332,66Ahmad b. Balaban al-BaclabakkT, d. 1363, 81Ahmad b. Baydamur, d, 1391, 68Ahmad Bey MTr Liwa, 1720s, 198Ahmad Efendi AshkinazT, later Ahmad Bey

al-Muslimam, d. 1724, 137Ahmad al-HalabT, Shihab al-din (al-QadT al-

Ra'Ts), wakil al-khass, early 1300s, 242Ahmad b. Inal (al-Mu'ayyad Ahmad, r,

1460-1), 73Ahmad Katkhuda, d. 1787, 120Ahmad b. Muhammad see Ibn al-cAttarAhmad b. Muhammad b. Qalawun (al-Nasir

Ahmad, r. 1342), 6, 24, 25Ahmad b. Nawruz, amir, d. 1448, 69Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar, d. 1804, 118, 119,

122, 129, 140Ahmad Pasha al-Kha'in, d. 1524, 93, 94, 95,

102Ahmad b. al-Rammal see Ibn al-Rammalal-AhmadT, Shihab, family of, 287, 288cAJisha Kadin, wife ofcAIT Bey al-KabTr, 284al-cAjlunT, Khattab b. cUmar, Syrian scholar,

fifteenth century, 179ajldbjulbdn (sultan's Mamluk household),

17,29,42,46ajndd al-halqa (halqa troopers), 26, 64Ak §ehir; 14AkhmTm, 136Al cUthman see OttomanscAla3 al-dm AydakTn, mutawalli of Cairo,

1330s, 249c Alam al-dm IbrahTm, son of Taj ad-dm

Ishaq, 247

290

www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press978-0-521-59115-7 - The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and SocietyEdited by Thomas Philipp and Ulrich HaarmannIndexMore information

http://www.cambridge.org/9780521591157

http://www.cambridge.org


Index 291

cAlam al-din Sanjar al-Jawuli, d. 1344, 243,244, 252

'Alam al-din Sanjar al-Mansun, amir, d.1294, 38

Albania, Albanian(s), 132, 133, 142, 148, 149alchemy (kimiyd3), 170, 201Aleppo, Halab, 12, 37, 40, 87, 90, 154, 157,

249Alexander the great, 171Alexandria, 40, 57, 68, 100, 103 , 132, 137,

157,246,248AlfT Bey see Muhammad Bey al-Alf!'AH, grandson of Baktamur al-Hajib, 38CA1T (II), 'Ala' al-din (al-Mansiir CA1III, r.

1377-81), 244CA1T b.cAbdallah, mawld of Bashlr Agha, d.

1762,203cAHb. AblTalib (caliph), d. 661, 112, 180CA1T Agha ('al-Turf), bash ikhtiydr of the

Mutafarriqai d. 1724/5,287CA1T (I) b. Aybak (al-Mansur CA1T I, r. 1257/9)

- 10, 26' AH al-Bakka, shaykh, 1250s, 4, 5'AH Bey Abu ?l-'Adab al-Armani, d. 1726,

137'AH Bey Agha, appointed pasha of Egypt,

1756,119CA1T Bey al-'Ajaml al-Mu'ayyadi, ra's nawba

under Khushqadam, 1460s, 30CA1T Bey Bulut Kapan al-Kablr, d. 1773, 87,

95, 114, 115, 116, 119, 125, 126, 129, 130,131, 133, 134, 136, 138, 139, 143,148, 283,284,285, 286

CA1T Bey al-Daftardar, d. 1798/9, 132CA1T Bey al-GhazzawT (al-Qird, al-Kablr), d.

1760, 115, 125, 126,284CA1T Bey al-Habashl, d. 1778, 137, 138'AH Bey al-Hindl, d. 1726, 121, 122CA1T Bey al-Qatamish, d. 1736, 123'All Efendi, scribe in the military bureaucracy

of seventeenth-century Egypt, 99cAHb. Maymun al-ldrlsl, Sufi, d. 1511, 167CA1T b. Muhammad al-Lakhmi al-IshbiH see

al-IshbnicAli Pasha (Semiz, 'The Fat', Wall, r.

1549-54), 103'All b. Yusuf b. al-Awhad, d. 1356, 38Aim Aq palace, 213Almoravids, 255Altamare, Colonel, c. 1810, 144Alti Parmak Efendi, Shaykh, early 1600s, 95Altunbugha al-Jawuli, amir and poet, d.

J343, 170Altunbugha al-Marida/inT, d. 1343, 20, 213,

248Altunbugha al-Nizami, muqaddam alf, 1370s,

27, 267Altunbugha palace, 213

Altunbugha al-Salihi, naib of Damascus, d,i341,24

Altunbugha al-YalbughawT, rds nawba, d.i 389?, 26

alzdm (sg. lazim), 35, 36American(s), 136amin, pi. umana (tax collector), 101, 108Amln 'Ala5 al-din Qarmut al-Mustawfi,

1330s, 249Amln al-Mulk, vizier of al-Nasir

Muhammad, 241Aminat Allah Khatun, eighteenth century,

284amir dkhur, constable, 45, 47, 51amir of fifty, 44amir of forty see amir tablkhdnaamir (pi. umard3) al-hdjj, imrat al-hdjj, 14, 15,

16, 41, 45, 49, 89, 96, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103,104, 105, 109, 119, 122, 124,140

amirjdnddr, 29, 45amir kabir, 39, 42amir al-mahmal, 41, 44, 46amir majlis, 26, 29, 41, 42, 43, 45amir mi3a see muqaddam alfamir al-muminin, caliph, 14amir al-nawriiz, mock prince, 278amir al-rakh (al-awwal, al-misri, al-shdmi), 44,

52, 70amir shikar, 42, 45, 46, 47, 49amir silah, 26, 27, 43, 49amir tabar, 51amir tablkhdna, amir of forty, 37, 41, 44, 45,

46,'47,48,51,66,77,249amir often, 49, 50, 51amir of twenty, 48, 49Amiriyya dam, 278'Amr b. al-'As, conqueror of Egypt, d, c. 663,

156,159,156,266cAmr b. al-'As mosque (Old Cairo), 156, 159,

231,277Anas b. Kitbugha ,,al-Mujahid", d. 1323, 78,

181Anatolia (also Asia Minor, 'Turkey'),

Anatolian(s) 36, 93, 94, 99, 102, 108, 110,141,147,149,176,177,228

'Anbar al-Sakharti, muqaddam al-mamdlikunder al-Nasir Muhammad until 1331, 21

Andalusia, Andalusian(s), 13, 157, 255Antes, John, missionary, 1780s, 136Anuk, son of al-Nasir Muhammad, d. 1339,

240, 244Anushirvan (Khosraw), Sassanian king (r.

531-79), 171, 194'Aqaba, 68AqbardI, amir, 1490s, 13Aqbugha 'Abd al-Wahid al-Nasiri, amir, d.

1343,20,21al-Aqsa mosque, 231






292 Index

al-Aqsara'I, Muhammad b. Tsa. b. Isma'Tl al- Aydughmish, cAla3 al-din, amir dkhur, d.Hanafi, fourteenth century, 177 1342, 24, 239

Aqtamur, cAbd al-Ghanl, amir, d. 1381, 28 cAyn Jalut (Palestine), battle of, 1260, 4, 5Aqiish al-Afram, nd'ib of Damascus, d. 1320, Aynabak al-Badn, amir, d. 1376 or 1378, 27

38 al-cAyni, Badr al-din Mahmud, chroniclerAqush al-Ashrafi, Jamal al-din, amir, d. 1335, and muhtasib, d. 1451, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16,

35, 244 235, 236, 240, 245, 246, 250, 252, 253Arab(s), 9, 11, 13, 92, 93, 95, 97, 99, 100, 101, 'Ayntab, 8

102, 103, 104, 105, 113, 117, 175, 186, 224, Aytamish al-Muhammadl, amir, d. 1337, 37225, 248, 255, 257 see also bedouins Ayyiib, al-Salih, Ayyubid sultan, r. 1245-8, 4,

Arab bow, 184, 185 7, 9, 10, 176*Arabia, 143, 146, 245 Ayyub, son of Murad Bey, 283Arabic (language, names, sources), 59, 61, 62, Ayyub Bey al-Faqarl, d. 1712/3, 121, 123

67, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 88, 89, 96, 97, Ayyubid(s), xi, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 38, 59, 63, 176,193, 112, 119, 129, 141, 144, 163, 164, 174, 210,216,257176, 178, 181, 185, 188, 193, 199, 200, 201, cAzab barracks, 120202, 256, 259, 269, 170 'Azaban regiment, 115, 121, 122

Ard al-Tabbala, 38 Azbak (Uzbak) min Tutukh, atdbak al-Armenian(s), 15, 136, 137, 141, 144 'asakir to Qaytbay,' 1460s, 29, 36, 216, 220,Arnold von Harff, traveller in 1496, 55, 56, 228, 229

57, 58, 59, 62, 84 Azbak palace, 216, 220Aruqtay al-Jamdar, amir, d. 1349, 37 Azbakiyya quarter and lake (Cairo), 216, 218,Asandamur al-Nasin, amir, d. 1368, 26 220, 229, 231, 233Asandamur al-Sarghitmishl, muqaddam alf, Azerbayjan, 178

1370s, 27 " al-Azhar, 105, 158, 197, 199, 204, 209, 211,AshkinazI ^ Ahmad Efendi AshkinazI 212, 214, 215, 219, 221, 231, 287Ashmun, 248 al-cAzIz, Fatimid caliph, r. 975-96, 260, 261Ashmunayn province, 248 al-cAziz Yusuf see Yusuf, Jamal al-dinal-Ashraf (sultan) see Barsbay; Khalfl b. Azlam (on the pilgrims' route), 103

Qalawun; Qansuh al-Ghawrl; Qaytbay;Sha'ban Baalbak, Ba'albakk, 38, 40

AshrafT household, 112 Bab al-Luq (Cairo), 209, 218, 219, 221, 273al-cAskar (Abbasid urban foundation north Bab al-Nasr cemetary (Cairo), 147, 212, 214,

off al-Fustat), 224, 225 215, 219*, 221astronomy (falak), 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, Bab Zuwayla (Cairo), 38, 209, 218, 222

158, 159, 161, 162, 200, 201 Baghdad, 257Aswan, Uswan, 40, 246 Badr al-din Muhammad b. Bahadur al-atdbak, atdbak al-casdkir, office of Zarkashi, d. 1391, 79

atdbakiyya, 4, 26, 27, 29, 45, 46, 216, 228 Baha3 al-din district (Cairo), 39Austria, Austrian(s), 66, 138, 143, 145, 147, Baha3 al-din Qaraqush al-Zahiri al-Barldi,

149 see also Habsburg 1290s, 226, 243al-Awhad Shadi b. Dawud b. Shirkuh, Bahadur As, Sayf al-din, amir, d. 1321, 66

Ayyubid of Damascus, d. 1305/6, 38 Bahadur Samir al-MansiirT, amir inawldd [al-]carab, native Egyptians, c. 1600, Damascus, d. 1304, 18, 37

97, 99 Bahnasa province, 249awldd al-kafara, 58 Bahrl sultanate see Turkish Mamlukawldd al-muluk, 250 see also sidi sultanateawldd al-nds, xi, xiii, 3, 9, 32, 33, 34, 39, 40, Bahriyya, BahrT Mamluks, 63, 208 see also

61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, Turkish Mamluk sultanate74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 97, BakhshI, Sayf al-din, treasurer of Baktamur286 al-Hajib, fourteenth century, 35

Aybak, Tzz al-din (al-Turkumanl), amir, later al-Bakrl, Muhammad b. Abl 31-Surur,al-Mucizz Aybak, r. 1250-7, 4, 23, 38 historian, d. 1619, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192,

Aybak al-Mawsill, amir of Qalawun, d. 1277, 193, 194, 195, 200, 20818 al-Bakrl, Shaykh (Sayyid Muhammad Efendi

Aydamur al-ShamsT, amir, d. 1381, 27 al-Bakrl, d. 1793), 126Aydin b. cAbdallah al-Rumi, kdshif of al- Baktamur al-Hajib, d. 1337, 35, 36, 38, 238,

Gharbiyya, amir al-hdjj 1540s, 103 239, 244






Index 293

Baktamur palace, 213Baktamur al-Saql, d. 1332, 21, 22, 35, 36Baktashls, 232Baktut al-Rammah, d. 1311, 177, 183Balaban al-Ruml al-Dawadar, amir, d. 1281,

18Balat al-Saghir, muqaddam alf, 1370s, 27Baldwin, George, 1770-90s, 130, 137Balfiyya, BalfTya household, 120Balkans, xii, 133, 140, 141, 142, 147, 148, 149Banu cAmir, 15banu 1-atrdk ('sons of Turks'), 61, 95al-Baqli, Shaykh cUmar, eighteenth century,

287Baraka, Berke: Baraka Khan b. Baybars,

Nasir al-din (al-Sacid Baraka Khan, r.1277-9), 5, 7, 27, 39

Baraka al-Jubanl al-Yalbughawi, d. 1380, 27,36, 272

Barakat b. Musa, al-Zaym, muhtasib of Cairo,c. 1510, 102

Bardlsl Bey see cUthman BardTsi BeyBarquq, Sayf al-din (al-Zahir Barqiiq, r.

1382-9, 1390-9), 8, 10, 15, 27, 28, 39, 66,68,73,113,114,272,279

barracks {odd) (in Ottoman times), 109, 110,120

barracks, royal (al-tibdq) (during thesultanate), 21

Barsbay, adjutant of Kha'ir Bey, amir al-hdjjin 1519, 102

Barsbay, Sayf al-din (al-Ashraf Barsbay, r.1422-38), 69, 174

Barshans (Manufiyya province), 74Barthelemy see Niqula Re'TsBarthelemy Serra, aka Barth al-Rumman,

aka Pomegranate, early 1800s, 144al-Barudl, Muhammad, merchant: and

daughter Shuwaykar, d. 1791, 284, 288Bashlr, agha ddr al-sa'ada, after 1805, 203Bashtak al-NasirT, Sayf al-din, amir, d. 1341,

20,21,36,248Bashtak palace (Cairo), 210basodabsi, odabasi, 109Basra, 113, 116Batn al-Baqara pond (Fatimid Cairo), 229banal, retired Mamluk, 42, 43, 44, 46, 48Baybars al-Ahmadi, amir, d. 1345, 39Baybars (I) al-Bunduqdan. Rukn al-din (al-

Zahir Baybars, r. 1260-77), 4, 5, 7, 9, 12,15, 16, 18,31,65,266,273

Baybars al-Fariqanl, Rukn al-din, amir, d.1344,246

Baybars (II) al-Jashnikir, Rukn al-din (al-Muzaffar Baybars, r, 1309-10), 6, 7, 23, 25,36, 243, 244, 252, 266

Baybars al-Mansuri, administrator andchronicler, d. 1325, 3, 4, 5, 6, 16, 18, 34, 236

Bayezid, Bayazld (I), Ottoman Sultan, r.1389-1402, 191

Bayn al-Qasrayn street (Cairo), 271Bayram al-cIzzT, dawadar, d. in the 1370s, 26Baysarl al-ShamsT, amir, d. 1298, 35baytal-mal,2%, 136,143bedouin(s), 93, 94, 104, 108, 119, 129, 175,

184Beirut, 66Belgrade, battle of, 141, 145bey, beylicate, 87, 93, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101,

103, 104, 109, 112, 113, 114, 115, 128, 132,133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 140, 141, 142, 143,147, 148, 149, 197,207

bidca, pi. bidac (innovations), 176, 255, 256,262, 266, 268

al-BIjunl, Ahmad, fifteenth century, 178Birkat al-Azbakiyya (Cairo), 219, 220, 221,

222 see also AzbakiyyaBirkat al-FH (Cairo), 209, 210, 212, 213, 214,

215,216,218,221,222,227al-Birkawi see Ibrahim Katkhuda al-BirkawTal-BIrurii, Abu '1-Rayhan, scholar, d. a 1050,

160Black Death see plagueblacks, 133, 137, 138, 143, 145, 147, 148, 239Bonaparte, Napoleon, xii, 130, 135, 146, 147,

160,222Bosnia, Bosnian(s), 104, 119, 122British see EnglishBrowne, William G., 132Bugha, Sayf al-din, Mamluk of Mankutamur

al-HusamI,d. 1324,35Buhayra province (Nile delta), 29, 102, 103,

124al-Bukharl, Muhammad b. IsmacH,

traditionist, d. 879, 202Bulaq,227,231,269,275al-Bulqml, Shaykh cUmar, qddi al-quddt, d.

1403, 272, 274bunduq, crossbow, 182bunud, lance exercises, 183Burckhardt, aka Shaykh Ibrahim, d. 1835,

146, 147'Burjf Mamluks see Circassian Mamluk

sultanateBurjiyya regiment, 36Byzantine Empire, Byzantine(s), relations

with, 9, 114,261,264,280,281

Casola, Pietro, traveller in 1494, 33, 61Castilian(s), 174,254Caucasus, Caucasian(s), xi, 107, 110, 113,

115,130,132,133,137,138,148Cavus. (corps), 94, 101, 110Central Asia, Central Asian(s), 81, 154, 163,

167, 170cerdkise beyleri, 99, 100, 101






294 Index

Cerkes, Ahmed Pasha, 190gerkes qdniinu, ,,Circassian law", 93Chaldiran, battle of, 1514, 13Chief Black Eunuchs see eunuchsChingiz Khan, d. 1227, 9Chios, island of, 144Christianity, Christendom, Christian(s), xii, 9,

13, 33, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 91, 129, 132, 133,134, 135, 136, 142, 143, 144, 147, 168, 175,237, 238, 240, 252, 253, 254, 257, 258, 259,276, 280, 281 see also Copts; GreekCatholics, Orthodox

Church of the Holy Sepulchre, 260Circassia, Circassian(s), xi, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14,

15, 17, 33, 36, 83, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99,100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 113, 115, 122,123, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 147, 179,189,191,193,194,272,273,279

Circassian Mamluk ('Burji') sultanate (dawlatal-jardkisa), 64, 66, 68, 71, 112, 114, 187, 208

Circassian regiment {Qerdkise Ocagi), 96, 99Citadel, 22, 28, 56, 62, 64, 72, 94, 109, 120,

131, 141, 209, 210, 213, 216, 218, 222, 225,226, 228, 238

City of the Dead, 72Cologne, 55Companions of the Prophet, sahdba, 7, 10,

62,180,183Conrad of Basle, German Mamluk, 1490s, 56Copernicus, Nicolaus (d. 1543), 154, 157Coptic clergy, 235, 261Coptic converts to Islam (also Musdlima),

168,243,252,253,266,268Copts, Coptic, 129, 144, 147, 236, 237, 238,

240, 246, 248, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257,258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266,267, 268, 269, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282

Coptic patriarch, 248Crete, Cretans, 174Croats, 138, 143, 147Crusades, Crusaders, xii, 56, 167, 226 see also

FranksCyprus, Cyptiots, 129

daftarddr, 109Dahir al-cUmar see Zahir al-cUmarDamanhur, province, 231Damas, General French expedition to Egypt,

145Damascus, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14, 24, 37, 38, 39, 40,

57, 68, 98, 154, 155, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161,200,243

Damietta (Dimyat), 40, 100, 103, 139, 147Damurdash al-YusufT, muqaddam alf, d. 1391,

27al-Damurdashl, Ahmad Katkhuda 'Azaban,

chronicler, d. after 1755, 121, 124, 134, 137,140

Danzig, 56Dar al-cAdl, 53, 241Darb al-Shamsi, household, 120Darfur (Sudan), 145DarwTsh Bey, early eighteenth century, 123,

124dawdddr, 4, 45, 48, 78, 91, 102, 179dawdddr thdni, 30dawlat al-Jardkisa see Circassian Mamluk

SultanateDawudAgha, 1600s, 233Dawudiyya quarter (Cairo), 233Delta Provinces, 40, 74 see also under proper

namesDesaix, General, French expedition to Egypt,

143, 145devsirme 108dhimmi ('protected', non-Muslim subjects),

262,276Dhu 31-Faqar Bey al-Faqarl, d. 1730, 112,

122, 124Dhu 31-Faqar, Jawish, 1750s, 120, 233Dimitri, later Sulayman, late eighteenth

century, 144DimyatI, household, late eighteenth century,

124 'diwdn al-mawanth [al-hashriyyaj, 248, 249,

250diwdn al-mufrad, established by Barquq in

1395,68al-Diyarbakri, cAbd al-Samad, historian,

mid-sixteenth century, 88, 93, 97Dominican(s), 57, 175Dugua, General, late eighteenth century,

139duumvirates, duumvirs, 121, 125, 284, 288

East Asia (Far East), 81English (British), 131. 132, 138, 143, 144, 145,

146, 147, 148, 149eunuchs, 21, 67, 75, 109, 111, 115Europe, European(s), 61, 118, 124, 129, 130,

131, 132, 133, 135, 138, 139, 142, 143, 145,147, 149, 167, 174, 175, U6 see alsoChristians

Evliya £elebi, Ottoman traveller, d. c. 1684,113

Fabri (Schmidt), Felix, Dominican traveller,in 1483, 57, 58, 59, 60, 84, 175

al-Fakhirl, Badr al-dln Baktash, chronicler, d.1344/5,236,237,240

Fakhr al-dln Muhammad b. Fadl Allah al-Muslimanl, ndzir al-jaysh, c. 1332, 241,244, 247

falak see astronomyal-Falilah, household, 120falldhin, 94, 95, 98






Index 295

Faqarifaction, 111, 112, 113, 114, 121, 122,123,124

Faraj b. Barquq (al-Nasir Faraj, r. 1399-1405,1405-12), 8, 10,208,213,273

al-Farghani, Muhammad b. Kathlr, scientist,d. after 1456-1*60

Faris b. Ozdemir, amir al-hdjj, 1523, 102Fatimid(s), 137, 156, 159, 209, 210, 222, 225,

229, 257, 259, 260, 261, 262, 265, 269, 271,272, 275, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281

Fayyum, 40, 248fiol di la zente, fioli de la gente, ,,sons of the

gentry", 61 see also awldd al-ndsftqh,fuqaha\19, 111, 198firdsa, 240Fircawn, Antun QassTs, customs agent,

eighteenth century, 129France see also French, 118Franks, 7, 9, 66, 192, 193, 245, 246 see also

CrusadersFranciscans, 57French, xii, 107, 126, 127, 130, 132, 133, 135,

137, 138, 139, 141, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147,148, 149, 234 see also France

French occupation of Egypt, 107, 126, 127,145, 146, 234

Frendenburgh, Joseph, 1790s, 145Frescobaldi, Leonardo, Florentine traveller in

1384, 175furusiyya (horsemanship, chivalrous arts), 43,

81, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 182, 183,186,187

al-Fustat, Old Cairo, 40, 156, 159, 224, 225,226,227, 228, 234, 260, 265, 280, 281

Galilee, 80Gaza, Ghazza, 13, 40, 79, 238geography, 201geometry (handasa), 201Georgia, Georgian(s), xii, 15, 104, 107, 114,

115, 116, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139,147

Germany, German(s), 57, 58, 69, 84, 136, 139,143,145,175,187,252

Gharbiyya province, 74, 102, 103, 248, 249,250

Ghassanids, Ghassan tribe, 8, 11, 15Ghawriyya district (Cairo), 288al-GhazalT, JanbardI, governor of Syria, d.

1521,90GhazT Hasan Pasha see Hasan Kapudan

PashaGhazza see Gazaal-Ghitds, submersion in the Nile, Coptic

festival, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 265, 279,282

Ghiyath al-dln Muhammad, d. 1294, 38ghuldm, pi. ghilmdn, 35

Giovanni Gaeti, later Ahmad Agha, d. 1799,145, 146

Giza, Gizeh, 148, 239Gog and Magog, 181Golden Horde, 9gunulliiydn, Ottoman regiment, 94Greek(s), 116,132, 138, 143, 144, 145, 147,

149Greek Catholics, Orthodox, 129, 134, 135,

138,177Guemard, Gabriel, author, c. 1800, 143

Habsburg, 66, 142 see also Habsburg Empirehadith, 44, 79, 80, 164, 165, 166, 198Hadrat al-Baqar district (Cairo), 213, 219hdjib (plur. hujjdb), also: hdjib thdni, hdjib

thdlith, hdjib rdbi\ 30, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44,45 ,47, 52, 53

hajj (pilgrimage), 26, 45, 50, 88, 89, 102, 103,104, 119, 247 see also amir al-hdjj

HajjT (I), Sayf al-dln (al-Muzaffar HajjT, r.' 1346-7), 25

HajjT (II) b. Sha'ban (al-Mansur HajjT, r.' 1381-2, 1389-90), 10,39,75

Al-Hakim, Fatimid caliph, 261, 275, 281Halawun/Hulawim (Hulegii), 5halqa, 34, 35, 42, 63, 64, 65, 68, 69, 70, 74, 75,

78,79Hama, 6, 37, 40Hammam Qutlugh (Cairo), 38Hamza Bey Abaza, 1740s, 115Hamza Pasha (r. 1683-7), 232Hanafi quarter (Cairo), 217, 218Hanafi madhhab, Hanafites, 12, 78, 81, 160,

171,178,202Hanbali madhhab, Hanbalites, 179, 182, 185handasa see geometryHanim, daughter of Ibrahim Katkhuda,

eighteenth century, 284, 286Haram documents (Jerusalem), 36Hasan ('the Greek'), d. after 1536, 176Hasan Agha Balfiya (Balfiyya), d. 1703/4, 140Hasan Bey, the Albanian, early 1800s, 148Hasan Bey al-Dakrun, 1740s, 137Hasan Bey al-JiddawT, d. 1800/1, 137Hasan Bey al-Juja, d. 1767, 126Hasan Bey Qasabat Ridwan, d. 1778/9,

household, 120Hasan Efendi Shaqbun, kdtib al-hawdla, d.' 1790/1,202

Hasan Kapudan Pasha (GhazT Hasan Pasha),' admiral, 1780s, 126, 127, 130,131, 133,

142, 143Hasan b Muhammad b. Qalawun, Nasir al-

dln 'Qumarf (al-Nasir Hasan, r, 1347-51,1354-61), 25, 67, 68,'74,'79, 81

al-hawdsil al-sultdniyya, royal stores, 244Hayatim, household, 120






296 Index

Hebrew, Hebrew prophets, 89, 171Hebron, al-Khaffl, 4, 156Heraclius (Byzantine emperor, r. 610-41), 9,

15Hijaz, 70, 227, 280Hijazlbow, 184hippodrome (mayddn, pi. mayddin), 177, 227hisba see ihtisdbHorns, Hims, 38, 40Hornemann, Friedrich, traveller, 1790s, 145horses, horsemanship, horse-riding see

furiisiyya, Sipahihospodar, 114Hiilegu see Halawun'Hummus Akhdar' see TashtamurHungarians, 138, 143, 147, 149Husam al-dln Turuntay see TuruntayHusayn Abaza, amir al-hdjj, 1547, 103Husayn Agha/Bey ('the Zantiote'), late

eighteenth century, 138, 284Husayn Bey al-Khashshab, d. after 1748, 124Husayn Bey Kishkish (al-Qazdughll), d.' 1768/9, 125, 126

Husayn Bey al-Sabunji al-Maqtul, d. 1757,' 115,125, 142'

Husayn al-Kablr al-Qazdughll, eighteenthcentury, 283

Husayn Kashif al-YahudI, d. after 1782, 37al-Husayn b. Muhammad b. Qalawun, d.

1363, 25Husayn Pasha (Kiicuk Hiiseyin), admiral, d.' 1803, 143

Husayn al-Qadirl, amir, eighteenth century,' 203

Husayniyya quarter (Cairo), 209, 210, 212,214,215,217,219,221

Ibn cAbd al-Zahir, Muhyl 'l-dln Abu '1-Fadl'Abdallah, secretary of Baybars andchronicler, d. 1292, 4, 5, 9, 11, 12, 16

Ibn Abi '1-Fath al-Sufi, astronomer, fifteenthcentury, 158

Ibn Abi 51-Surur see al-BakriIbn AblUsaybi'a, scholar, d. 1270, 155Ibn (al-)'Arabl, Muhyl H-dln, d. 1240, 202Ibn cArabshah, Ahmad b. Muhammad,

historian, d. 1450, 191Ibn Aranbugha al-Zardakash, fifteenth

century, 78Ibn al-cAttar (Ahmad b. Muhammad),

dawdddr, mid-fifteenth century, 178, 179,181

Ibn Aybak al-Dawadarl see Ibn al-DawadarlIbn Baba street (Cairo), 216Ibn Baydakln al-Turkumanl (Idrls), author

and Hanafi jurist, early fourteenth century,79, 167, 168,264,266

Ibn al-Dawadarl, Abu Bakr b. cAbdallah,

historian, d. after 1337, 81, 178, 236, 240,242, 245, 246, 249

Ibn Duqmaq, Ibrahim b. Muhammad b.Aydamur, historian, d. 1406, 75, 81

Ibn Fadl Allah al-cUmarI, Shihab al-dln,clerk and historian, d. 1349, 240, 241

Ibn al-Farid, cUmar b. CA1I, mystic poet, d.1235, 164, 169, 171

Ibn al-Furat, Muhammad, historian, d. 1405,200

Ibn al-Ha'im, mathematician, d. 1449, 158Ibn Hajar al-cAsqalanI, historian and

traditionist, d. 1449, 166, 170, 193Ibn al-Hajj, Abu cAbdallah, Malik! jurist, d.

1336, 165, 167, 168, 169, 172, 173, 262, 279Ibn Hilal al-Dawla, shddd al-dawdwin, d.

1333,239,240,249Ibn Hummus Akhdar see Muhammad b.

TashtamurIbn Iyas, Muhammad, historian, d. 1524, 14,

88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 102, 189, 207, 216, 265,273,276, 277

Ibn al-JTan, clerk and historian, d. 1480, 75,229

Ibn Khaldun, cAbd al-Rahman, historian andMalikI judge, d. 1405, 71, 191, 199, 227,254, 255

Ibn Khallikan, biographer, d. 1282, 200Ibn al-Majdl, astronomer, d. 1447, 158, 161Ibn Makhluf, MalikI judge, early 1300s, 242Ibn Nujaym, jurist, d. 1563, 197, 198Ibn al-Qammat see Taj al-dln IshaqIbn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (Ibn al-Qayyim),

Hanball religious scholar, d. 1350, 179, 180,181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186

Ibn al-Qiftl, Jamal al-dln, biographer andscholar, d. 1248, 155

Ibn al-Raddad family, wardens of theNilometer, 258, 259, 269, 270

Ibn al-Rammal, Ahmad, historian, sixteenthcentury, 207

Ibn al-Salcus, al-Sahib Shams al-dln, d. 1294,vizier to al-Ashraf KhalU, 7

Ibn al-Sarraj, Syrian astronomer, 1320s, 157,158,161

Ibn Sayyid al-Nas, Fath al-dln, biographer, d.1334,249

Ibn Shaddad, cIzz al-dln, chronicler, d, 1285,12

Ibn al-Shatir, astronomer, d. 1375, 157, 158,159,160i161

Ibn al-Shihna, Sari al-dln cAbd al-Barr b.Muhammad, chronicler, d. 1515/6, 12, 13

Ibn al-SuqacI, Christian historian, d. 1325,242, 243

Ibn TaghrlbirdI, Abu 31-Mahasin Yusuf,historian, d. 1467, 7, 27, 29, 30, 31, 72, 75,81,178,207,276,277-






Index 297

Ibn Taymiyya, TaqI al-dln, HanbalTtheologian, d. 1328, 167, 168, 170, 180, 235

Ibn Tulun, Shams al-din Muhammad,historian, d. 1546, 14

Ibn Tulun, Ahmad (r. 868-84), mosque andquarter (Cairo), 160, 212, 214, 215, 218,245

Ibn cUbada, wakil al-khdss, early 1300s, 241,242, 244, 249, 252

Ibn al-Ukhuwwa, Diya° al-din, author of ahisba manual, d. 1329, 157

Ibn Yunus, Abu '1-Hasan, astronomer, d.1009, 156

Ibrahim Agha al-Muslimanl, Jewish convert,eighteenth century, 136

Ibrahim Agha Mustahfizan 1640s-50s, 233Ibrahim Agha Qishta, khazinddr, d. 1788, 284Ibrahim Agha b. al-SacI, eighteenth century,

120Ibrahim b. Ahmad, muwaqqit in Hebron,

early 1300^ 156Ibrahim Bey, dummvir with Murad, d.

1815/16, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 138,139, 143, 147, 148

Ibrahim Bey Abu Shanab, d. 1717/8, 122, 123Ibrahim Bey (b.) Dhu '1-Faqar, d. 1695/6, 123,

124Ibrahim Bey al-Qatamish, 1740s, 123Ibrahim £orbaci b,' CA1I Kathuda, 1720s (d.

1719?), 202Ibrahim (Bey) Jawish Katkhuda al-

Qazdughll, d. 1754, 115, 116, 120, 121, 124,125,126,285,288

Ibrahim Katkhuda al-BirkawI, d. 1784, 202,203, 222, 284, 286

Ibrahim b. Khushqadam, 1480s, 76Ibrahim Pasha (r. 1661-4), 232Ibrahim Pasha, grand vizier of Sulayman, d.

1536,94Ibrahim Pasha al-Maqtul, d. 1604, 95Ibrahim al-Sinnan (black Katkhuda),

eighteenth century, 138Ibrahim al-Yahudi, later IsmacH Agha,

eighteenth century, 137cidMika% 259%d al-salib, Coptic festival of the cross, 259,

280', 281, 282cid al-shahid, Coptic festival of the martyr,

259, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268Idris b. Baydakin see Ibn Baydakinal-Idrisi see cAll b. MaymunIfranj Ahmad, basodabasi, d. 1711, 109, 123ihtisdb, hisba, 157 see also muhtasibIkhshldids (r. 935-69), 260ijtihdd, 165Ildud al-Jashnikin, brother-in-law of al-

Mucizz Aybak, thirteenth century, 38Ilkhans, 9, 63, 245

iltizdm (tax-farming), multazim, 93, 101, 108,203

cImad al-din cAbd al-Salam b. Abi cAbdallahal-Dimashql, d. 1297/8, 178, 181

cImad al-din Abu 51-Fida5 IsmM, historianand Ayyubid ruler of Hama, d. 1331, 6

Inal, Sayf al-din (al-Ashraf Inal, r. 1453-61),29

Inal al-Abubakri, amir, d. 1449, 28Inal (al-SayfTTarabay), d. c, 1523, 93India, Indian(s), Indian trade, 56, 138, 148,

154iqtd'(p\. iqtd'dt), muqta', 5, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24,

28, 32, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 44, 46, 49, 51, 52,53, 65, 70, 72, 75, 107, 250, 268

Iran see PersiaIraq, Mesopotamia, 184, 285al-Ishaqi, Muhammad b. cAbd al-Mucti,

historian, d.' after 1623, 191, 192, 200al-IshbUl al-Maghribl al-Dimashql, CA1I b.

Muhammad al-Lakhml, historian,sixteenth century, 13, 14, 16

Iskandar Pasha (r. 1556-9), 232Ismail, Safavid Shah, r. 1501-24, 13IsmacH, Agha see Ibrahim al-YahudiIsmacll, Bey Abu Madfac, d. 1768, 126Ismacil, Bey al-Daftard"ar, early 1700s, 140IsmM, Bey al-Iwaz, d. 1724, 121, 123Ismacll, Bey al-Kabir, shaykh al-balad, d.

1791,131, 132, 133, 134, 135Isma'il, Bey al-Saghir, brother ofcAH al-

Ghazzawl, d.*1777, 284, 285IsmM, Jawish, d. after 1754, 120IsmM, Katkhuda, d. after 1754, 120Ismacll, b. Muhammad b. Qalawun (al-Salih

IsmM, r. 1342-5), 6, 7, 8, 16, 25, 37 'IsmMis, 255 see also ShfaIstanbul, 87, 89, 90, 91, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101,

105, 108, 109, 111, 112, 115, 119, 120, 124,135, 143, 146, 159, 203, 230, 231

istibddl, alienation/exchange of waqf, 71, 75,232

istisqa, rain prayers, 273, 274, 276Italian(s), 61, 132, 138, 143, 144, 147, 149iwdn, 28IwazBey,d. 1711,121,122, 123Iwazi faction, 122, 123

Jabala b. al-Ayham, last Ghassanid ruler, 9,15

al-Jabarti, cAbd al-Rahman, historian, d.1825, 87, 112, 116, 118, 119, 120, 123, 124,125, 131, 133, 134, 139, 142, 144, 158, 197,198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 208, 222, 284,287,288

al-Jabarti, Hasan, father ofcAbd al-Rahman,d. 1774,287

Jacfar, Mustafa, eighteenthcentury, 288






298 Index

Ja£far Pasha, r. 1619, 190 kdtib al-mastaba, clerk of the bench, 243Jaffa, Yafa, 146 kdtib al-sirr, 241, 248Jamalal-dlnAqushal-AshrafTseeAqush katkbudd, kdhya, 94, 97', 103, 115, 125, 138,jdmddr, 52 284Janibak cAziz, son of Rustum, sixteenth al-Kawm al-RIshl, Ahmad, muwaqqit in

century, 15 Cairo, d. 1432, 158', 160Janibak al-Mahmudl al-Mu'ayyadl, ra's Kazdagh, 141

nawba under Khushqadam, 1460s, 30 Keith, Thomas, later Ibrahim Agha, 146Janim b. Dawlatbay, Janim al-SayfT, d. c. khddim al-haramayn al-sharifayn, 6

1523, 93, 102 Kha'ir Bey, governor of Aleppo, later Egypt,Janim al-HamzawI, amir al-hdjj, 1520s, 102, d. 1522, 90, 91, 92, 93, 102

232 Khalid b. al-Qaysaranl, Muwaffaq al-din,Janim b. Qasrah, amir al-hdjj, 1539^5, 103 vizier of Nur al-din b. ZangI, d. 1192, 6, 7Janissaries (Mustahfizan); 58, 90, 93, 94, 97, Khalid b. al-Walld, d. 642, 7, 180

112, 115, 121, 123, 125, 137, 142, 147, 222 al-khalij, 209, 211, 212, 214, 215, 216, 219,Janissary barracks, 109, 120 222Jankall b. Muhammad b. al-Baba, amir, d. Khalij dam, 254, 278, 282 see also Nile

1346, 36 ' al-Khalll see Hebronal-Jannabl, Mustafa, historian, d. 1590, 192 Khalil Bey al-Kablr, d. 1768/9, 126Jantamur, brother of Taz, d. 1391/2, 37 Khalil Bey Qatamish, amir al-hdjj, d. 1747,Jaqmaq, Sayf al-din (al-Zahir Jaqmaq, r. 137

1438-53), 28, 29, 56, 179 Khalil Bulghia, eighteenth century, 283, 284Jaraktamur, favourite of al-Ashraf Sha'ban, Khalil b. Kaykaldl aWAl&Xfaqih, d. 1359-79

d. 1376, 37 Khain b. Qalawun, Salah al-din (al-Ashrafjawdli, poll taxes, 250 Khalil, r. 1290-3), 7, 65Jawhar al-Nawmzi, muqaddam al-mamdlik Khalil Qawsun. amir, grandson of al-Nasir

under Sultan Jaqmaq, 1450s, 28 Muhammad, d, 1367, 66al-JazIra (Nile island), 275 al-Khallll, Shams al-din, astronomer, d. 1365,al-JazIrl, cAbd al-Qadir, historian, d. 1553, 88, 157, 158, 161

89,102,103,237 khan, 122,231Jerusalem, al-Quds, 33, 36, 40, 55, 56, 61, 68, Khan al-Khallll bazaar, 103

156, 158, 159,161,200, 228, 231, 241, 246, khdnqdh, 227, 252280, 285 khardj (land tax), 265, 266

Jews, 56, 89, 136, 137, 138, 231, 257, 267, 276 al-Kharashl, Abu 'Abdallah Muhammad,Jidda, Judda, 140, 143 MalikI jurist, d. 1689, 197jihad, mujdhid, 14, 31, 177, 185, 186 khdss, associated offices, 102, 235, 237, 238,Jirja, 124, 137, 231 240, 241, 242, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249,Joseph, the Koranic and biblical, 55, 59, 60 250, 252jundi, jiXndi, pi. ajndd (rank-and-file, trooper), al-Khassaf, Ahmad, Hanaff jurist, author of

26, 64, 97 see also ajndd al-halqa ahkdm al-waqf, d. 874, 202khdssakiyya bodyguard, 21, 22

kdhya see katkhudd Khatt al-Muskl quarter in Cairo, 198al-Kamil Sha'ban see Shacban Khawaja Muhammad, amir al-hdjj, 1584, 103al-Karak (Transjordan), 6, 24, 40, 242 khazinddr, khazna, khizdna, khaznaddrKaramiik tribe, 9 treasurer, treasury, 115, 133, 139, 242, 284Karlm al-din al-Kablr (Akram/cAbd al- Khosraw Aniishirvan see Aniishirvan

Karlm b. Hibat Allah b. al-Sadld al-Misri), khubz, pi. akhbaz, 34 see also iqtandzir al-khdss, d. 1324, 21, 238, 241, 242, al-Khujandl, Abu Mahmud, scientist, d.243, 244, 245,246, 247, 248, 249, 252, 253 1000, 160

Karlm al-din al-Saghlr, ndzir al-dawla, c. Khurshid Pasha, early 1800s, 1481310, 244, 247', 249 ' khushddsh, khushddshiyya, 17, 18, 23, 118,

KarimI merchants, 245, 246, 248 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 139kashif, pi. kushshdf, 41, 42, 44, 54, 92, 93, 101, Khushqadam, son of Ridwan Bey Abu '1-

102, 103, 104, 105, 124, 137, 138, 145, 148 Shawarib, seventeenth century, 113kashif al-jusilr, 54, 92 Khushqadam, Sayf al-din (al-Zahirkasr al-khaliSQQ wa/a3al-Nil Khushqadam, r. 1461-7), 30, 273kdtib (mustawfi) al-buyutdt al-Sultdniyya, kilerji, shddd al-sanih, officer responsible for

clerk of the royal storehouses, 243 the pantry, Ottoman Egypt, 96






Index 299

kimiyd3 see alchemyKisa° b. Ikrima, chief of the Banu c Amir in

pre-Islamic times, 15Kitbugha al-Mansun, Zayn al-din (al-cAdil

Kitbugha, r. 1294-6), 5, 6, 7, 35, 38, 181Kleber, General, 1790s, 147Koran, 75, 78, 171, 172, 173, 202, 270, 271,

276Kucuk Muhammad, bas odabasi, d. 1694,

109Kumushbugha (Gumushbogha) b. 'Abdallah

al-Timrazi, fifteen century, 75al-Kurdl, Mahmud, Sufi, d. 1780, 257Kurds, Kurdish, 63, 108, 123kushufiyya, office of kdshif, 92kuttdb, primary school, 80 see also sabil-

maktab

Lajln al-Husaml al-Tarabulusi, militarywriter, d. 1337/8, 177

Lajin al-Mansun, Husam al-din (al-MansurLajln, r. 1296-8),' 6, 7, 23, 25

Latakia, al-Ladhiqiyya, 246Legh, Thomas, c. 1810, 146Louis IX (St Louis) of France, d. 1270, 59libraries, 4, 154, 160, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200,

201,202,203,204Little Armenia (bildd Sis), 238Lower Egypt, 130,131, 136 see also Delta

provinces and al-Wajh al-BahnLu'lu3 Ghulam Fandash, 1330s* 249

Machereau, Philippe-Joseph, laterMuhammad Efendi, 1860s, 146

Machiavelli, Niccolo, d. 1527, 177madrasa 50, 53, 153, 155, 159, 196, 197, 227,

231,239Magallon, Franch merchant, 1780s, 139Maghrib see North Africaal-Maghribi al-Dimashqi see al-IshbffiMahalla,231,248Mahmud Katkhuda Husayn al-Qazdughll,

eighteenth century, 283Mahmud b. Sebiiktigin, Ghaznavid sultan, d.

1030, 171Mahruqi family, eighteenth century, 287majdlis', majdlis adab (literary salons), 170,

197,201Malik! madhhab, Malikites, 242, 285, 289Maliktamur al-Hijazi, amir, d. 1347, 20, 22,

248Malta, Maltese, 143, 147Mamay al-Sayfi palace, 216mangonel, manjaniq, siege-engine, 184, 185Manjak al-Yusuff, Sayf al-din, amir, d. 1375,

39Mankutamur al-Husaml, Lajln's deputy, d.

1299,35,38

al-Mansur (sultan) see Abu Bakr; 'AH (I); 'All(II): HajjT; LajTn; Qalawun

al-Mansura, 145Manufiyya province, 74, 138, 249maqcad, pi. maqd cid (loggia), 216al-Maqdisi, Ahmad, eighteenth century, 287al-Maqdisi, Abu Hamid see Abu Hamid al-

QudsTal-Maqrlzi, Ahmad b. 'All, historian, d. 1442,

20, 38, 39, 166,193, 194,198, 199, 207, 210,213, 226, 235, 236, 239, 240, 242, 254, 256,257, 258, 260, 271, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266,267, 268, 269, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276,277,278,279,280,281,282

Maqs (canal, church, dam, gate, mosque inCairo), 254, 270, 271, 271

al-Maqsi, Shihab al-din, astronomer,thirteenth century, 156

Maragha (Azerbayjan), 155. 157Marcel, scholar, French expedition, 160Marj Dabiq, battle of, 1516, xii, 13, 14, 87,

90,129, 189al-Marrakushi, Abu CA1T astronomer,

thirteenth century, 156, 158, 161Marziiq Bey, son of Ibrahim Bey, eighteenth

century, 133al-Mascudi, Abu 31-Hasan, chronicler, d, 957,

260, 262mathematics (hisdb), 81, 201Mawahib Corbaci, qddi, 1690s, 220MawlawTs, Mevlevis, 232Mecca, 15, 17, 79, 89, 99, 100, 102, 113, 115,

119,140,146,156,159,200,228medicine (science), 81, 200Medina, 75, 102, 115, 146,228Mediterranean, 129, 137, 167Mehmet III, Ottoman sultan, r. 1595-1603,

194Mesopotamia see Iraqmihmanddr, 52milk (private property), 71, 75Minqar al-Halabl, military writer, d. after

1482, 176Mintash, Sayf al-din Timurbugha, Barquq's

main opponent, d. 1393, 68Minya province, 146Misir qullan, soldiers of Egypt, sixteenth

century, 98Missett, Colonel, consul general, early 1800s,

148al-Mizzi, astronomer, d. 1349, 157Mocha, al-Mukha3 (Yemen), 143Moldavia, 113, 116Mongol(s), xii, 4, 7, 9, 35, 63, 66, 84, 167, 175,

227, 242Mu'allim Rizq, secretary of CA1I Bey al-Kabir,

129Mucawiya b. Abi Sufyan, caliph, d. 680, 12






300 Index

al-Mu'ayyad Mosque (at the Bab Zuwayla in Muhammad Sa'Id Pasha, Egyptian khedive, r.Cairo), 158, 160 1854-63, 146

al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh see Shaykh Muhammad b.Taghrlbirmish al-Nasirl, earlyal-Mu'azzam cIsa, member of the Horns 1500s, 76

branch of the Ayyubids, d. 1319, 38 Muhammad b. Tashtamur (b. 'HummusMufaddal b. Abi i-Fada3il, Christian Akhdar'), muqaddam alf, fourteenth

historian, d. after 1358, 95, 236, 237, 244 century, 66mufarada, majarida, simple Mamluks, 27 al-Muhibbl. Muhammad al-Amin, historian,Muhammad, Prophet, d. 632, 10, 78, 82, 124, d. 1699, 15

165, 166, 173, 180, 181, 182, 185, 186, 232, Muhimme Defteri, 89277 Muhyl 'l-dln Abu '1-Fath 'Abdallah b. cAbd

Muhammad, son of Baktamur al-Hajib, d. al-Zahir see Ibn cAbd al-Zahirafter 1341/2, 38 Muhyl ?l-dm al-Maghribl, astronomer, early

Muhammad CA1T Pasha, d. 1849, xii, 128, 129, thirteenth century, 155130, 131, 134, 137, 142, 144, 145, 146, 147, muhtasib, 8, 102, 248, 251148, 149, 226, 233, 234, 286 al-Mucizz Aybak see Aybak

Muhammad Bey Abaza, d, c. 1748, 115 al-Mucizz li-dfn Allah, Fatimid Caliph, r.Muhammad Bey b. Abi Shanab, d. after 953-75, 279

1724/5, 123 mujaddid,6,7Muhammad Bey Abu '1-Dhahab, d. 1775, mujdhid see jihad

119, 126, 129, 132, 133, 135, 138, 139, 143, muqaddam alf, amir mi'a, commander of a253, 283, 284 thousand, 35, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 48, 66, 102

Muhammad Bey al-Alfi (al-Kabir), All! Bey, muqaddam al-mamdlik, 21, 28, 52d.' 1806/7, 144, 222 Murad III, Ottoman sultan, r. 1574-95, 189,

Muhammad Bey Cerkes, d. 1730, 122, 123, 194124, 141 Murad Bey, duumvir with Ibrahim Bey, d.

Muhammad Bey (b. Yusuf Bey) al-Jazzar, d. 1801, 131, 132, 133, 137, 138, 139, 143, 144,1727, 124 145, 147, 148, 149, 283, 284

Muhammad Bey (Qltas) al-Qatamish, al- Murad Bey al-Daftardar al-Qasiml, d. 1696,Faqari, d. 1736, 122, 123, 134 122, 123

Muhammad Corbaci al-SabunjT, eighteenth Musa b. al-Taj Ishaq, Sharaf al-dln, ndzir al-century, 115, 287 " jaysh, 1320s, 241, 252

Muhammad Efendi see Machereau, Philippe- musdlima see Coptic convertsJoseph mushiddlshdddal-ahrd\ 53

Muhammad b. Jankallb. al-Baba, amir, d. mushiddl shddd al-'amd'ir al-sultdniyya, 50, 521340, 79 mushiddl shddd al-al-awqdf, 49, 51, 53, 54

Muhammad Kathhuda, amir al-hdjj, 1550s, mushiddl shddd al-dawdlib al-khdss, 248103 ' mushiddl shddd al-dawdwin, 46, 48, 239, 241,

Muhammad Katkhuda al-Muslimanl, late 248, 249eighteenth century, 137 mushiddl shddd al-shardbkhdna, 52

Muhammad Khusraw Pasha, Ottoman mustabdil see istibddlgovernor, d. after 1803/4, 138 mustakhdamun (an amir's troops), 35

Muhammad Pasha Qul Qiran (r. 1607-11), Muscovites, 134, 139 see also Russians95, 100, 231 Mustafa, Muhammad Bey Abu 51-Dhahab's

Muhammad Pasha Raghib, scholar and Mamluk, 133grand vizier, d. 1763, 124 Mustafa b. cAbdallah al-Ruml, pasha, r.

Muhammad Pasha al-Silahdar (r. 1652-6), 232 1561-4, 102Muhammad (I) b. Qalawun, Nasir al-dln (al- Mustafa CA1T, Ottoman writer and

Nasir Muhammad, r. 1293-4, 'l299-1309, bureaucrat, d. 1600, 89, 93, 97, 100, 104131(M1), 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, Mustafa Bey al-Kizlar (Kizlar), d. 1729/30,23, 24, 25, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 63, 64, 65, 66, 12367, 155, 207, 208, 210, 211, 220, 225, 226, Mustafa Efendi al-Sharif Ikhtiyar227, 228, 229, 230, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, Mutafarriqa, d. after 1754, 120239, 240, 241, 242, 244, 248, 251, 252, 265, Mustafa Kathuda al-Qazdughll, d. 1703/4,266, 267 125, 140, 141

Muhammad (II) b. Qaytbay (al-Nasir Mustafa Pasha, r. 1522-3, 1549, 93, 103Muhammad, r. 1495-8), 12, 13, 16, 56, 58, Mustahfizan see Janissaries61 al-Mustacm, caliph and sultan, r. 1412, 8, 10






Index 301

mustawfi al-dawla, chief accountant of thevizierate, 239

Mutafarriqa (Muteferriqa) regiment, 101,103,257

Muctazilism, 173al-Mutawakkil, Abbasid caliph, r. 847-61,

258muwaqqit (time-keeper), 153, 154, 155, 156,

157, 158, 159, 160, 162al-Muzaffar (sultan) see Baybars (II): Hajji

(I); Qutuz

Nablus,40, 159nafaqa, 30, 43NafTsa Khatun, wife ofcAll Bey al-Kablr, 284,

285al-Nahrawali al-Makkl, Qutb al-din,

historian, d. 1582,88nd'ib, pi. nuwwdb (deputy; provincial

governor), 24, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45,46,47,48,49,51,52,53,54

nd'ib al-saltana (viceregent in Egypt), 5, 23,44

Najm al-din al-Misri, astronomer, thirteenthcentury, 156

naqib al-ashrdf (steward of the Prophet'sdescendants), 105, 111

naqib al-jaysh, al-juyiish, 51naqib al-mamdlik, 52al-Nashw (al-Qadi Sharaf al-din cAbd al-

Wahhab b. al-Taj Fadl Allah), d. 1339, 235,236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244,245, 246, 247, 248, 250, 251, 252, 253

al-Nasir (sultan) see Ahmad, Shihab al-din;Faraj; Hasan b. Muhammad; Muhammad(I) b. Qalawun; Muhammad (II) b.Qaytbay

Nasir al-din b. Simcun, astronomer, d. 1337,156

NasTr al-din TusI, Persian philosopher, d.1274, 155 '

Nasirl rawk (cadastral survey, 1315), 64Nasiriyya quarter (Cairo), 217Nawriiz (rival of al-Mu5ayyad Shaykh), d.

1414, 10nawriiz festivals, 277, 278, 279, 280ndzir al-awqdf, 46ndzirlmudabbir al-dawla, 240, 241, 243, 247,

248ndzir diwd n al-mawdrith, 250ndzir (diwdn) al-jaysh, 241, 244, 248, 252ndzir al-jihat, supervisor of taxes, 249ndzir Inazar [khizdnat] al-khdss [al-sharif],

237, 238, 240, 241, 242, 244^ 245, 246, 247,252

Niebuhr, Carsten, German-Danish traveller,d. 1815, 143,223

Niger, 145

Nile, 6, 22, 38, 56, 74, 79, 144, 147, 148, 149,187, 213, 227, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259,260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268,269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277,278, 280, 281, 282 see also Nilometer

Nile Delta see Delta provincesNilometer (al-miqyds), 258, 269, 270, 272,

277Niqula Re'is, aka Papazoghlu, aka

Barthelemy, d. after 1799, 137, 144, 148Niqula al-Turk, historian, d. 1828, 140, 144Nizam al-Mulk, Seljuq vizier, d. 1092, 180,

232Nizdmndme-i Misir, 140North Africa (Maghrib), North Africans, xii,

83, 147,156,184Niir Allah, Sharif, scholar, contemporary of

Qansuh al-Ghawrl, 172Niir al-din b. XangI (al-Malik al-cAdil, d.

1174), 6, 7Nurl hospital (Damascus), 200al-Nuwayri, Shihab al-din, encyclopaedist, d,

1331/2, 199, 236, 242, 243, 244, 245

ocak (ojaq) regiment, 136, 138, 140, 141, 248see also cAzaban, Circassian regiment,Janissaries, Mutafarriqa

oda (Turkish barracks), odabasi, 109, 120Ottoman(s), xi, xiii, xiv, 6, 13, 14, 15, 16, 39,

55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92,93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103,104, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114,115, 116, 117, 120, 121, 126, 127, 128, 129,130, 131, 132, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141,142, 143, 145, 147, 148, 149, 156, 159, 161,167, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195,196, 203, 207, 208, 209, 216, 217, 218, 224,229,230,231,232,233,234

Ottoman Empire, and war with HabsburgEmpire, 142

Ottoman Empire, and war with RussianEmpire, 127, 139 see also Russian Empire

Oyrat, Mongol immigrants to Egypt andSyria, 1295s, 181

Ozbek (Uzbak), son of Ridwan Bey Abu 31-Shawarib, seventeenth century, 113

Palestine, Palestinian, 56, 98, 129, 156, 174,245, 251 see also Syria(n)

Papazoghlu see Niqula Re "isPersia, Persian(s); Iran, Iranian(s), 9, 98, 115,

154, 174, 178, 184, 185, 193,199,200,255,277

Persian bow, 174, 183, 184, 185, 186Phanariot Greeks, 114, 116Piedmontese, 144Pietro Casola see CasolaPiloti, Emmanuel, traveller 1440s, 174






302 Index

PIrl Bey, amir al-hdjj, late sixteenth century,104

plague (also Black Death), 70, 130, 131, 168,189,229

Pococke, Richard, travellerd in 1737, 136polo (al-lacib bi-3l-kura wa-3l-sawlajdri), 43,

182Portuguese, al-Firanj al-burtuqal, 193Pretot, Colonel, French expedition, 141

Qadir Agha, early nineteenth century, 146al-Qahira, 38, 39, 40, 209, 210, 213, 216, 217,

218, 220, 222, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 231,265

qd'im maqdm, 120, 124qddi, pi. quddt, 30, 88, 91, 220, 242qddi 'askar, 111Qalawiin, Sayf al-dln al-AlfT (al-Mansur

Qalawiin, r. 1279-90), 3, 4, 5, 18, 19, 23, 25,34, 35, 36, 63, 64, 65, 67, 72, 242

Qalawiin complex (Bayn al-Qasrayn, Cairo),245

Qalawunid line, household, 8, 10, 23, 69al-Qalqashandl, Ahmad b. CA1T,

encyclopaedist, d, 1418, 240, 241, 269Qalyub, 268Qanim b. Ma'albay, amir al-hdjj, 1520s, 102Qanim al-Mahmudl, amir, d. 1485, 187Qanim Mosque (built in 1446), 160QansuhBey,d. 1715, 123Qansuh Khamsmi'a (al-Zahir Qansuh, r.

1498-1500), 13,58Qansuh al-Ghawri (al-Ashraf Qansuh al-

Ghawri, r. 1501-16), 76, 87, 90, J03, 170,171, 172, 173,229

Qdnunndme-i Misir, 94, 232Qapu qullan ,,slaves of the Porte", 93, 98, 99Qarafa cemetaries (Cairo), 246Qaratay al-Tazi, ra's nawba, d. 1377, 27Qasim Abu Sayf, learned amir, Ottoman

period, 201Qasim Bey (the Muscovite, Mamluk of

Ibrahim Bey), 134, 139,233Qasim al-Sharayibl, d. 1734, 217, 220Qasimlfaction, 111, 112, 113, 114, 121, 122,

123, 124, 134al-QataY (Tulunid urban foundation, Cairo),

224, 225Qatamish, household, 124 see also CA1T Bey

al-Qatamish, cUmar Bey al-Qatamishqaws al-jarkh, crossbow fitted with a wheel,

184,185Qawsun al-Nasirl, amir, d. 1342, 20, 23, 24,

25^36,248,251Qawsun palace, 213Qawsun quarter, 219, 222, 231QawuqjT, family of religious dignitaries,

eighteenth century, 287

al-Qaysaranl, Shams al-din Ibrahim b. cAbdal-Rahman, historian, d, 1352, 6, 7

Qaysariyyat al-cUsfur, 38Qaytbay, Sayf al-din (al-Malik al-Ashraf, r.

1468-96), 13, 15, 56, 57, 58, 61, 94, 158,154, 169, 171, 187, 216, 225, 228,229,230,234

Qazdughll household, Qazdughlis, 115, 125,129,133,140,147,149,285

qibla, 153,157,274Qipchaq steppes, xiQipchaq Turkish, 176al-Qisma al-cAskariyya, 198Qltas Bey al-Faqarl, d. c. 1715, 121, 123Qubbat al-Nasr (Cairo), 274al-Quds see Jerusalemal-Qudsi see Abu Hamid al-Qudsi al-MaqdisTqul, qullar (military slaves), 96quloghlis, 83Qumarl see Hasan b. Muhammad b.

QalawunQuraysh, 15,99, 113, 114Qus, 243al-Qusayr (Red Sea port), 143Qusun see QawsunQutliibugha, hajib to al-Ashraf Sha'ban, 38Qutlubugha al-Fakhrl, amir, d. 1342, 22, 24,

36Qutlubugha al-Kuka% amir, d. 1383, 37Qutluqtamur, atdbak al-casdkir, d. after 1378,

27Qutuz, Sayf al-dln (al-Muzaffar Qutuz, r.

1259-60), 23, 25

Rahba, 40Ramadan, son of al-Nasir Muhammad, 25Rankal b. Ashbugha, amir tablkhdna, d.

1349-50, 66ra's nawba (kabir), 26, 27, 30Rasulids (Yemen), 155, 159Rawda Island (Cairo), 250al-rawk al-ndsiri, see Nasirl rawkal-Raydaniyya, battle of, 1517, xii, 13, 189al-RazT, Fakhr al-dln, jurist and theologian,

d. 1209, 202Razzaz house, bayt al-razzdz, 216Red Sea, 88, 129, 143Rhodes, 92, 190Ribat al-Athar shrine (Cairo), 232Ridwan Bey, nephew of CAH Bey al-Kablr, d.

1791, 134Ridwan Bey Abu 31-Shawarib, al-Qasiml, d.

1661/2,113,114,116,233Ridwan Bey al-Faqarl, amir al-hdjj, d. 1656,

14, 15, 16,99Ridwan Katkhuda (Bey) al-Jalf!, d. 1754, 120,

122, 124, 125, 126, 197, 201/2, 222, 284/85rizqa (pi. rizaq) mabrura (stipend), 70, 72






Index 303

Robinson, English cannoneer, 139, 143Romania, Romanian(s), 116Rosetta, Rashld, 124, 147, 231Rosetti, Carlo, 129, 136, 145Royer, pharmacist, 146Rukn al-dln Baybars see Baybars (I), Baybars

al-Fariqanl, Baybars (II)Rum, bilddal-Riim, 15, 102Rumayla, section of Cairo, 213, 218Rumeli, 93Russian Empire, 116, 129, 130, 135, 136, 137,

139, 142, 148 see also RussiansRussian(s), 127, 138, 139, 143, 148Rustum, amir, 1510s, 15ruzndmjl, 287

sabil-maktab, 233 see also kuttdbSafad, 37, 40, 239al-Safadl, Khaffl b. Aybak, scholar and

biographer, d. 1363, 80, 236, 237, 238, 239,240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 251,252

al-Safadi, Shihab al-din Ahmad, writer, d.1572/3, 14

Safavids, 13, 104, 115sahdba see Companions of the ProphetSacld see Upper EgyptSa'im al-Dahr (Shaykh Muhammad), 1370s,' 272al-Sakhawi, Muhammad b. cAbd al-Rahman,

historian, d. 1497, 80, 179, 180, 181, 182,186, 187, 191, 199,200

Salah al-din Yusuf b. al-Awhad, Ayyubid ofDamascus, amir of forty, d, 1340/1, 38

Salah, al-din Yusuf al-Ayyubl (Saladin), d.1193, 7, 12, 63, 209, 222, 225, 226, 227, 229,230, 234

Salamish, Badr al-din (al-cAdil Salamish, r.1279), 5, 7

Salar (Sallar), Sayf al-din, vice-sultan, d.1310,7,266

Salih, Salah al-din (al-Salih Salih, r. 1351-54),37

al-Salih (sultan) see also IsmacH b.Muhammad; Salah al-din

al-Salih Ayyub see AyyubSalih Bey al-Qasiml, amir al-hdjj, d. 1768/9,

119,122al-Salihl ?Abd al-Rahman, muwaqqit, c. 1500,

158 'Samarqand, 158, 159sancak (sanjaq), 98, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105,

119, 122, 124, 125, 137, 148,218sanduq al-yawdqit, astronomical

compendium, 157Sanuto, Marino, Venetian consul, 57, 58, 61Saracens, moors, Arabic speaking Muslims,

59, 60, 174, 175

sarrdjun, 134, 136, 139, 140, 141, 142, 149al-Sayfi, sarrdj of Muhammad Bey £erkes, d

c. 1730, 141Sayyida Zaynab shrine (Cairo), 232sayyidi see sidiScotts, 146Sedillot, father and son, 161Selim I ('Yavuz', 'the Grim'), Ottoman sultan,

r. 1512-20, 3, 13, 14, 16, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92,93,113,129,192,193,216

Seljuq(s),9, 113, 114, 180,255§emdanizade Findikhh Sulayman Efendi,

chronicler, eighteenth century, 116Seven regiments see ocaksSeville, 13Sha'ban (II), Nasir al-din (al-Ashraf Sha'ban,

r. 1363-77), 24, 25, 26, 27, 37, 38, 68, 69,75, 176,272

Sha'ban (I), Sayf al-din (al-Kamil Sha'ban, r.1345-6), 25

al-Shabun, Sulayman Bey, d. 1790/1, 288shddd see mushiddShafT b. CA1I al-cAsqalanI, historian, d. 1330,

5,16al-ShaficT, Muhammad b. Idrls, jurisprudent,

d.820, 194 "ShafTl madhhab, ShafTites, 79, 160, 180, 182,

228al-Shams b. al-Azraq, ndzir al-jihdt, 1330s,

249Shams al-din al-Khallli see al-KhalllTShaqhab, battle of, 1303, 243shardbkhdna, 52Sharaf al-din cAbd al-Wahhab, see al-NashwSharaf al-din Miisa see Musa b. al-Tajshardkisa see Circassiansal-ShacranI, cAbd al-Wahhab, Sufi writer, d.

1565,89,197al-Sharayibi see Qasim al-SharayiblSharayibI family, 220, 222, 287shark, 198sharVa, shar T judges, 30, 31, 91, 182, 190, 243sharif, pi. ashrdf (descendants of the Prophet

through Hasan), 100, 110, 172Sharif Muhammad Pasha, governor of Egypt

1596-8,98al-Sharqawi, cAbdallah, Shaykh al-Azhar, d.

1812,287Shawbak (Transjordan), 246Shaykh, Sayf al-din (al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh, r.

1412-21), 8, 9, 11, 16,274Shaykh Ibrahim see BurckhardtShaykhii al-Nasirl, amir, d. 1357, 229shaykh al-Azhar, 105shaykh al-balad, 125, 132, 135, 148shaykh al-isldm, 172Shaykh al-Zal[l]am quarter (Cairo), 219, 222Shfa, Shfites, 167, 193, 225






304 Index

Shlbin dam, 278 Taberna, Vincenzo, 143Shihab al-dln Ahmad see Ahmad al-Halabi tablkhdna (band) see amir tablkhdnaShinraqa (Gharbiyya province), 74, 95 Tabriz, 104al-ShitwT see Zayn al-Faqar Bey tafsir, 172, 173, 199Shubra, and Shubra church (Cairo), 264, 265, Tafur, Pero, traveller, 1430s, 174

266 al-Tahawi, Shaykh, d. in the ninth century,al-Shubrawi (Shaykh), d. 1758, 124 232al-Shujaci, Shams al-dln, historian, d. after Tahir Pasha, Albanian leader, early

1355, 236, 239, 240, 241, 250, 253 ' nineteenth century, 148Shunuda, merchant, d. c. 1761, 198 Taj al-dln (cAbd al-Wahhab) Ishaq b. al-Shuwaykh family, 287, 288 Qammat, d. 1330/1, 247, 252'Sibt al-Maridlnl, muwaqqit, fifteenth century, Taj al-dln Musa, son of Taj al-dln Ishaq, ndzir

158 khizdnat al-khdss, 1330s, 247sidi, sayyidi (pi. asydd) (offspring and male Taj al-Riyasa b. Sacid al-Dawla, uncle of

relatives of sultans), 62, 64, 67, 69, 73, 75 Karlm al-dln, 1330s, 243, 266see also awldd al-muluk takhliq (camud al-miqyds), ritual of anointing

sildhddr, sildhddriyya, 35 the Nilometer, 270Sin£n, amir al-hdjj, 1526, 102 Takrur, 138, 145Sipahis, 97, 100 Tanam min cAbd al-Raziq/Razzaq, amirsir a, biography, 8, 11, 13 majlis, d. 1463, 29sirdar, 124 Tankiz al-Husami, viceroy of Syria, d. 1340,Siryaqus (north of Cairo), 227 248, 251Sis (Little Armenia), 34 al-Tantawi, muwaqqit at the UmayyaqdSlavs, 9 Mosque, 1870s, 160Suez, al-Suways, 129, 138 taqdima (military command), 41, 64, 78Sufism, Sufis, 49, 51, 79, 89, 105, 164, 167, taqlid, 165

199, 232, 250, 274, 276 Taqtamur palace (Cairo), 213Sulayman Agha al-Mustahfizan, 137 al-Tarabulusi, Ibrahim b. Musa, Hanfl jurist,Sulayman Bey al-Armanl Barim Dhaylah, d. d. 1516, author of al-Is cdffi ahkdm al-

1717/8,201,202 awqdf,202Sulayman Pasha (r. 1525-35, 1537-8), 103, al-Tarabulusi see Lajin al-Husami

231, 232 tdrlkh, Him al-tdrikh, 190, 191Sulayman Pasha al-cAzm, governor of Egypt Tartar(s), Tatar(s), 11, 12, 135

(r. 1739^0), 123 Tashtamur 'Hummus Akhdar', amir, d. 1342,Sulayman/Suleyman al-Qanuni ('the 22

Magnificent', Ottoman sultan, r. 1520-66), Tashtamur al-Laffaf, atdbak al-casdkir, d.88, 89, 91, 94, 108, 189, 192, 194 " 1377, 24, 26, 27

Sultan Hasan mosque, 213, 229 Tatar al-Zahirl (al-Zahir Tatar, r. 1421), 8, 11,Suq al-Fahhamln (Cairo), 198 16Suq al-Ghanam (Cairo), 248 tawqit (time-keeping) see muwaqqitSuq al-Kutubiyym (Cairo), 197 Taybugha a\-Bak\?Lmishi, furiisiyya author,Suq al-Silah (Cairo), 231 ' 1360s, 177, 182, 183Susun/Sawsiin, elder brother of Qawsiin, Taz al-Nasin, amir, d. 1362, 37

amir, 20 faz palace, 213al-SuyutT, Jalal al-dln, polymath, d. 1505, 172, f hevet, Andre, traveller in 1550, 57

180, 181, 183, 186, 187, 188, 199 Thompson, William, later cUthman Efendi,Syria (also al-Shdm), Syrian(s), 3, 6, 7, 11, 14, 146

16, 22, 24, 36, 37, 40, 58, 59, 60, 63, 64, 65, Thonus, Baron de, Russian consul, 13966, 67, 68, 69, 77, 78, 83, 84, 85, 90, 96, 98, tibb, medicine, 200, 201129, 138, 147, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, tibb al-ramy, 181159, 164, 166, 167, 175, 178, 185, 188, 192, timer, 89, 100, 108193, 227, 236, 241, 245, 249, 251, 280 Timraz al-Khassakl, al-SayfT, 1490s, 76

TTmur (Lenk; Tamerlane), d. 1405, 191tabaqa, pi. tibdq see barracks, royal Timurbugha b. cAbdallah see Mintashal-Tabarl, Muhammad b. JarTr, religious Timurbugha b. Nikiitay, amir, 1320s, 36

scholar and historian, d. 923, 191, 200 Top Atan Mustafa Bey, d. c. 1646, 97al-Tabarl (al-Tabaristanl), cAbd al-Rahman, Topkapi Sarayi, 103

military writer, d. c. 1295, 183 Toussoun see Tusun






Index 305

Tripoli, Tarabulus al-Sham, 10, 249tiifenkjiydn, Ottoman regiment, 94Tughay al-Husami, Sayf al-dln, d. 1318, 244tulba (levy), 95al-TiilunT, cAbd al-Rahman, muwaqqit, 1650s,

160Tulunid(s), 225Tumanbay (al-Ashraf Tiimanba y, r. 1516-7),

14,87,193,216Tunis, Tunus, 193Tuquzdamur al-Nasirl, vice-regent in Syria,' d. 1345,23

Tiiranshah, Turan Shah (al-Malik al-Mu'azzam, Ayyubid sultan, r. 1249), 4, 7

Turc, Nicolas see Niqula al-TurkTurkish bow, 184Turkish Mamluk ('Bahri') period, sultanate

(dawla turkiyya), 3, 4, 5, 68, 81, 187, 235Turkomans, 63, 94, 102, 108Turks, Turkish, Turkey, xi, 3, 8, 9, 11, 17, 33,

34, 58, 61, 62, 67, 69, 75, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81,82, 83, 89, 90, 91, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99,102, 104, 105, 136, 140, 141, 143, 144, 147,163, 167, 178, 179, 184, 185, 186, 191, 199,200,202,231,232,255

Turkish crossbow, 184al-Turkumanl see Ibn BaydakmTuruntay, hdjib and nd 3ib in Damascus, d.

1389,37'Turuntay, Husam al-dln al-Mansurl, nd Hb al-

sultana,d. 1290, 18Tusun (Toussoun), Prince cUmar (Omar), 131Tiisun, son of Muhammad CA1I, d. 1816, 146

Uhud, 180ukhuwwa 'Mamluk' brotherhood), 37ulamd'(sing. Wm), 49, 51, 78, 80, 82, 95,

100, 105, 110, 126, 133, 136, 163, 166, 169,171, 172, 176, 178, 179, 183, 187, 201, 203,220, 249, 252, 276, 277, 287, 288, 289

culufe, soldier's salary, 94Ulugh Beg, Timurid ruler and scholar, d.

1449, 158cUmar b. al-Khattab, caliph 634^4, 15, 180,

181,256,257,266'UmarBey, 1800s, 148cUmar Bey al-Qatamish, son of CA1T Bey al-

Qatamish, d. 1747/8, 123cUmar b. cIsa, amir al-hdjj, d. 1591, 103cUmar Jawish al-Dawiidiyya, d. after 1764,

120al-cUmarI see Ibn Fadl Allah al-cUmanUmayyad mosque (Damascus), 14, 157, 158,

159,160umma (nation; Muslim community), 84, 186Upper Egypt (Sacld), 79, 115, 124, 131, 132,

139,145, 147, 244, 248,251,267cUqba b. cAmir shrine (Cairo), 232

ustdddr (major domo), ustdddr saghir, ustdddral-dhakhira wa-1-amldk, 29, 42, 43, 44, 46,47, 50, 52, 53, 243

ustddh (Mamluk patron and manumitter),183,284,286

usul al-fiqh seefiqhusul al-ramy, fundamentals of archery, 182,

" 183'Uthman Bardlsl Bey, d. 1806/7, 146, 148'Uthman Bey al-JirjawI, d. 1767, 125, 137cUthman Bey al-TamburjT, d. 1801/2, 145cUthman Bey Zada, son of Yusuf Bey al-

Jazzar, eighteenth century, 288cUthman Efendi see Thompson, WilliamcUthman Katkhuda al-Qazdughll, d. c. 1739,

198,220, 233cUthman Khan (Osman), first Ottoman

sultan, d. 1324, 191, 192Uveys Pasha, governor of Egypt, r. 1587-90,

97Uzbak see AzbakUzbak, land of, 36Uzdamur Abu Daqn, amir, d. c. 1367, 26

valide sultan (sultan's mother), 108Venetians, 57, 129vizierate (wizard), viziers (wazir, pi. wuzara),

7, 43, 48, 77, 94, 108, 239, 240, 249Volney, French traveller, eighteenth century,

118,130,132voyvodas, 114

wqfa'al-Nil, 259, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274,279, 282

al-Wafa°I, cIzz al-dln, muwaqqit in Cairo, c.1450, 158, 160

al-Wajh al-Bahrl (Lower Egypt), 40, 42, 52,54

al-Wajh al-Qibll (Upper Egypt), 40, 42, 44wakil bayt al-mdl see bayt al-mdlwakil al-khdss (al-sharif), 242wall, pi. wuldt (provincial governor), wall 7-

wuldt, 40, 42, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 93, 248wall ?l-sindca, 53Wallachia, 113, 116waqf, pi. awqdf (trust, pious endowment),

waqfiyya, 34, 38, 39, 45, 46, 48, 49, 71, 72,74, 75, 76, 102, 159, 160, 172, 199, 230, 231,232, 248, 250, 267, 287, 288

Wasit(Iraq), 184

Yahya b. Tughan al-Hasanl, 1450s, 74Yalbay, Sayf al-dln (al-Zahir Yalbay, r.

1467-8), 30Yalbugha al-Nasin, d. 1391, 27, 29, 267Yalbugha al-Nizaml, muqaddam alf, 1370s, 27Yalbugha al-cUmarI, d. 1366, 25Yalbugha al-Yahyawi, d. 1347, 36, 213






306 Index

Yalbugha al-YahyawT quarter (Cairo), 213Yalbugha wiyya (Yalbugha al-cUman)

household, 25, 26, 27Yashbak al-ShacbanI, atdbak al- casdkir under

Faraj, d. 1407-273Yashbak al-Faqlh, d. 1473, 187Yashbak min Mahdl (al-Dawadar), d. 1480,

15,228,229Yashbak quarter (Cairo), 231Yemen, 88, 95, 96, 98, 100, 102, 103, 143, 155,

159Yusuf b. Ayyub, Salah al-dln see Salah al-dlnYusuf b. Barsbay, Jamal al-dln (al-c Aziz

Yusuf, r. 1438), 28Yusuf Bey, contemporary of Muhammad Bey

Abu Jl-Dhahab, eighteenth century, 284Yusuf Bey al-Jazzar, d. 1721/2, 121, 123, 288Yu suf Bey al-Muslimanl al-Faqarl,

eighteenth century, 137Yusuf al-Jabl, eighteenth century, 283Yusuf b. Janim al-Hamzawi, amir al-hdjj,

1530s, 102, 103 'Yusuf al-Khashshab, aka Ramadan £elebi b.

Yusuf, eighteenth century, 287

al-Yusufi", Musa b. Muhammad b. Yahya,historian, d. 1358, 37, 236, 237, 238*, 239,240,242,243,246,249,251

al-Zacfarani, 'AIT eighteenth century, 287Zahiriyya household, ZahirTs, 5, 112al-Zahir (sultan) see Barquq; Baybars (I);

Jaqmaq; Khushqadam; Tatar; Yalbayal-Zahir, Fatimid caliph, r. 1021-36, 254, 261Zahir (Dahir) al-cUmar, d. 1775, 129al-Zamakhshan, Abu 31-Qasim Mahmud,

author, d. 1144, 173zdwiya, pi. zawdya, 231, 250al-Zawiya al-Hamra3 quarter (Cairo), 229ZaydTs see also Shf a, 103Zayn al-Faqar Bey al-ShitwT, chief sarrdj,

eighteenth century, 141Zayn al-dln Yahya, ustdddr, 1450s, 29zi/(astronomical handbook), 155, 156, 157,

158,161zimdm al-ddur al-sharifa, office of chief

eunuch in the royal palace, 75ziyy al-jund, garment of war, 81






Documents

The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society - Assetsassets.cambridge.org/97805215/91157/index/9780521591157_index.pdfAbu Bakr, Sayf al-dm (al-Mansur Abu Bakr, r. 1341), 23 Abu Bakr