The International Conference on Biosciences 2016 “Adv ... · Fermented Sumbawa Mare’s Milk Kenji Fukuda, Ni Putu Desy Aryantini, Keita Nishiyama, ... I Gusti Putu Eka Saputra,

The International Conference on Biosciences 2016 “Advancing Biodiversity for Sustainable Food Security”

ABSTRACT BOOK VII

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

1 The International Conference on Biosciences 2016 Schedule I

2 Foreword - Rector Of Udayana University III

3 Foreword - Head, Master Degree Program In Biology, Udayana University

IV

4 Foreword by Professor Shetty, Professor at North Dakota State University (NDSU) and Founding Director of Global Institute of Food Security and International Agriculture (GIFSIA)

V

5 Preface-Chairman of The Organizing Committee VI

6 Table of Contents VII

KEYNOTE SPEAKER

1 Food and Microbiome Diversity to Address Global Food Security Challenge Kalidas Shetty

1

2 The Important Role of Small-Scale Farmers in Maintaining Biodiversity and Strengthening Local Food Security in Bali I Made Suparta Utama

1

3 Quorum Sensing Inhibitors: Microbial and Plant Sources Ravishankar Rai V

2

4 Food Grade Phytochemicals as Quorum Sensing Inhibitors, Anti-Biofilm Agents and Anti-Infectives Jamuna Bai A and Ravishankar Rai V

3

5 Functional Food Properties Of Fingerroot or Temukunci [Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf.A] Yaya Rukayadi

4

6 Biodiversity – Its Contribution To Food Security And Sustainability Paul Bailey, Alicia Polakiewicz and Ni Luh Watiniasih

5

7

Integrated Model for The Village Development Through Women Technology Park (A Model for Rural Development) Deepthi J. Shetty, Smriti Rai, Dr. Prasad N. H., and Geetha Priyadarshini

5

8 The Challenges of Valuable Microbial Diversity in Indigenous Fermented Food Chartchai Khanongnuch

6

9 Anthocyanin Foods: From Lab Bench to Kitchen Table De-Xing HOU and Kozue SAKAO

7

10

Cell Surface Proteins of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains Isolated from Fermented Sumbawa Mare’s Milk Kenji Fukuda, Ni Putu Desy Aryantini, Keita Nishiyama, Daisuke Kondoh, Yuji Yamamoto, Takao Mukai, I Nengah Sujaya, and Tadasu Urashima

8

11 Microbial Diversity and Crop Productivity Reddy KRK

9

12 Utilization of Microbial Diversity in Food Technology Prathap Kumar Shetty

10


ABSTRACT BOOK VIII

ORAL

ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY

1

The Potency of Biomass and Carbon Stocks in Smallholder Rubber Trees (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg), North Sumatera, Indonesia Muhdi, Diana Sofia Hanafiah, Evan Satria Saragiha, Frans Rinaldo Sipayung, and Frits Melky Sedek Situmorang

11

2

Invertebrates Diversity in Duyung Beach and Nyangnyang Beach: Comparison Study of Invertebrates Diversity of Two Beaches with Different Characteristic Buya Azmedia Istiqlal, I Wayan Kasa, and Deny Suhernawan Yusup

11

3 Wildlife Use of Lapua Community, Kaureh, Papua Henderina J. Keiluhu and Aditya Krishar Karim

12

4 Knowledge of The Sea Cucumber Diversity and Utilization in Coastal Tablasupa, Depapre, Jayapura Papua Puguh Sujarta and Suwarno Hadisusanto

12

5

Carrying Capacity of Lake Sentani for Aquaculture Based on Phosphorus Concentration Using The Cads_Tool (Cage Aquaculture Decision Support Tool) Software Ervina Indrayani, Aditya Krishar Karim, and Rustadi

13

6 Ecological Intelligence of Coastal Community on Biodiversity Conservation (Case Study of Bajau Coastal Communities, Gorontalo) Ramli Utina

13

7 The Potential of Fungal Endophytes from Potato Root and Tubers to Inhibit Potato Cyst Nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) Noor Istifadah, Maria Astriani and Toto Sunarto

14

8 Community Structure of Epifauna in the Post Seaweed Farming in Waters Kutuh District of South Kuta Badung Bali I.B.L Prabawa, I.W. Arthana and E.W. Suryaningtyas

15

9 The Ecological Impact of Sea Grass Beds Replacement Onto Sea Urchin, Tripneustes gratilla Linnaeus, 1758, at Serangan Island Bali Philpus Kristianto, Deny S. Yusup and Job Nico Subagio

15

10 Seasonal Energetics of the New Holland Honeyeater Near Hobart Tasmania Luh Putu Eswaryanti Kusuma Yuni and R.W. Rose

16

11 Brood Size Variations of Trigona laeviceps Collected from Various Altitudes Ni Luh Watiniasih

16

12 The Utilization of Halymenia durvillaei to Support the Management of Eucheuma spinosum Sea Weed Farming in Geger Coastal Area, Bali I Komang Dianto, I WayanArthana , and Ni Made Ernawati

17

13 Resilience Corals Withstand After Bleaching Events at Mengiat Beach Water Job Nico Subagio and Pariama Hutasoit

17


ABSTRACT BOOK IX

PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

1 The Effect of Fermented Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in Diets of Egg Production and Egg Lipid Profile of Bali Duck T.G.BelawaYadnya

18

2 Investigation of Heavy Metal Plumbum (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in The Tissues of Cattle Maintained in Landfill, Denpasar I Ketut Berata and I Made Kardena

18

3 Effect of Heat Exposure on Dead Sperm and Pyriform Cell in Male New Zealand White (NZW) Rabbits I Wayan Kasa

19

4 Effects of Exposure Herbal Mosquito Coil Based on Permot Leaf Extract (Passiflora foetida) to The Quality of Mice Sperm Rina Priastini Susilowati

19

5

Variation of Maseration and Drying on Flavonoid Content of Some Antioxidant Plant in Pangandaran Conservation Site Nurul Fadhillah, Novita Tania, Rianty Simbolon, Salwa El Nisa, Zamita Amalia Safitri, and Sri Rahayu

20

6 Physicochemical Characteristic and Antioxidant Activities of The Coconut Pandan Oil (Pandanus julianettii Martelli.) Lisye Iriana Zebua and Vita Purnamasari

21

7 Myoglobin Content in Cardiac Muscle of Physical Exercise Induced Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Sri Rahayu, Rini Puspitaningrum, and Mohamad Sadikin

21

8 Growth of Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Bulbil Which Treated By Photoperiod Serafinah Indriyani and Wahyu Widoretno

22

9

Maceration and Drying Effect on Leaves Flavonoids of Some Antioxidant Plant in Pangandaran Sri Rahayu, Novita Tania, Zamita Amalia Safitri, Rianty Simbolon, Salwa El Nisa and Nurul Fadhillah

22

10

Liver Fibrosis Formation Induced By Niacin in Sub Chronic Consumption of Energy Drink Model Anindhita Dyah Sekartaji, Ngurah Agung Reza Satria Nugraha, Asis Fitriana, Fuad Adi Prasetyo, Hazmi Dwinanda Nurqistan, and Erma Sulistyaningsih

23

11

The Effect of Maximum Physical Activity and Manggong Bamboo (Gigantochloa manggong) Leaf Extract on Catalase Activity in Liver Organ of Rats (Rattus norvegicus). Supriyatin, Sri Rahayu, and Ririn Apriana

24

12 Potency of Beauveria bassiana and Sex Pheromone in Controlling Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an Important Pest of Onion Ria Nurmaya Sari, M. Taufik Fauzi, and Tarmizi

24

13 The Role of Different Farming Method on to the growth of Eucheuma cottoni at Geger Nusa Dua Beach Bali Eri Krismaningrum, Deny S. Yusup and Job Nico Subagio

25


ABSTRACT BOOK X

BIOTECNOLOGY, GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

1

Detection of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Yard Long Bean (Vigna sinensis L.) and Weeds I Putu Sudiarta, Trisna Agung Phabiola , I Gusti Putu Eka Saputra, I Dewa Nyoman Nyana and Gede Suastika

25

2 Five Loci Mutation Event of Three Balinese Generations Based on Autosomal Mikrosatellite DNA Marker Ayu Saka Laksmita, I Ketut Junitha, Ni Luh Watiniasih

26

3 DNA Profile of Oil Plam Clones Based on SSRMarkers Lollie Agustina P. Putri , M. Basyuni, Eva S. Bayu, and Dian Arvita

26

4

Sequences Analysis of a Gene Encoding Extracellular Xylanase in Streptomyces costaricanus 45I-3 Sipriyadi, Aris Tri Wahyudi, Maggy Thenawidjaja Suhartono, and Anja Meryandini

27

5 Expression of OsbZIP72 Gene in Bali Local Rice Under Drought Stress Made Pharmawati, Ni NyomanWirasiti, IGA SugiWahyuni

28

6 COCs Expansion in Medium Supplemented Follicular Fluid from Different Sized Follicles Sri Rahayu, Ali Haris, Gatot Ciptadi, and Aris Soewondo

28

7

Infection And Distribution Of Anisakis spp. Larvae On Sword Fish (Trichiurus lepturus) In Kedonganan Waters Nyoman Adi Suratma, I Wayan Yustisia Semarariana, Ida Bagus Made Oka, and Hapsari Mahatmi

29

8 Sugar Biosynthesis in Vanilla planifolia Plants and Phalaenopsis Seedlings after Application of Fertilizers I Gede Ketut Adiputra

29

9 Utilization Waste Industry of Tofu and Baker Yeast to Make Pollen Substitute for Honeybee RetnoWidowati and Harini Nurcahya Mariandayani

30

10

The Phytochemistry Profile of Raru (Vaticapauci flora Blume and Cotylelobium melanoxylon Pierre) and Its Potensial as Drugs of Diabetes Mellitus Marina Silalahi

31

11 Production of Xylitol from Agricultural Residues: A review Efri Mardawati

31

12

Comparative Studies on Antibacterial Activities of Fruit and Leaf Extract of Ficus lyrata WARB Dwi WahyudhaWira, EfriMardawati, Mohammad Djali, and Roostita L. Balia

32

13

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Activity of Anthocyanin from Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Ni Made Pitri Susanti, Ni Putu Linda Laksmiani, I Made Agus Gelgel Wirasuta, Ni Kadek Ayu Sandra Dewi, Mitsue Oka, Wayan Eka Heltyani, and I Gde Pande Anindhita Putra Wicaksana

32


ABSTRACT BOOK XI

HEALTH AND MICROBIOLOGY

1 Antibacterial Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus From Methanol Extract of Mangosteen Rind (Garcinia mangostana L.) Ketut Widyani Astuti and Ni Putu Ayu Dewi Wijayanti

33

2

Antagonistic Activity of Salacca zalacca Peel Against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Methicillin-Resistance Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 Putu Agastya Satryana, Gek Marlathasia Aswania, and Ni Nengah Dwi Fatmawati

33

3 The Potential of Honeycomb From Wild Bee Mochammad Junus

34

4 Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Kimchi with Aview for Development of Probiotic Potential Agestiawan I.G.A.M. , Ramona Y., and Swastini D.A.

34

5

Mechanisms of Antibiotic filtrate Streptomyces thermocarboxydus against Fusarium oxysporum F020 Ultrasructure through Scanning Electron Microscope and Transmission Electron Microscope Retno Kawuri

35

6

Detection of Antibacterial Compound of Piper betle L. Purified Extract Againts Propionibacterium acnes by Bioautography Ni Luh Putu Vidya Paramita, Ni Wayan Budiningrum, Anak Agung Gede Rai Yadnya Putra, Putu Sanna Yustiantara, and I Made Agus Gelgel Wirasuta

36

7

Identification of Antagonists Isolated from Rhizosphere Zone of Watermelon Farm at West Sanur Village Bali to Fight Fusarium oxysporum infection A.A. Ngurah Nara-Kusuma, Yan Ramona, and Meitini Wahyuni Proborini

36

8 Role of Native Mycorrhizae Gigaspora, Acaulospora and Glomus sp. on the Growth of Cashew Nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) Seedlings Meitini Wahyuni Proborini

37

9 Seafood Culinary Safety: A Preliminary Study in Badung, Bali Luh Putu T. Darmayanti, N.L. Ari Yusasrini, and IDG. Mayun Permana

38

10 Microbial Contamination in Traditional Food Processing Pedetan Ni Made Ayu Suardani Singapurwa, A.A. Made Semariyani, and Putu Candra

38

11 Analysis of Total Microbial Fresh Vegetables in Styrofoam Box With Ice Cooling Technique During Storage Ida Ayu Rina Pratiwi Pudja and Pande Ketut Diah Kencana

39

12

Bioactivity of Antibacterial Compounds Isolated from Endophytic Actinomycetes Neesia altissima Bl. Rina Hidayati Pratiwi, Wibowo Mangunwardoyo, and Rosa Dewi Pratiwi

39

13 Copper Hair Level on Children with HIV/AIDS Niruri R, Wati K.D.K, Oktavianti K.A.D, and Cahyani M.R

40


ABSTRACT BOOK XII

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

1

Utilization of Biomol and Tea Compost Solution Fermented by The Fungus Trichoderma spp. on The Growth of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in Dry Land Zurriyatun Solihah, I Made Sudantha, and M. Taufik Fauzi

40

2

Effect of Application Dosage Biokompos and Biochar Fermentation Results of Trichoderma spp. and Fumigasi on The Growth and Results of Soybean Plant in The Entisol Land West Lombok Sardian, I Made Sudantha, and Suwardji

41

3

Roles of Bioactivator and Biochar Application Methods That Has Contained Trichoderma spp. to Growth and Biomass Production of Soybean Influencing in Entisol Lombok Barat Saipul Kamal, I Made Sudantha, and Suwardji

41

4 An Economical and Eco-Friendly Growth Media for Edible Mushroom Pleurotusostreatus Made of Coconut Waste Margaretta Christita and Ady Suryawan

42

5

Determining an Optimal Isolation Method of Carrageenan From Seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii Doty That Meets Fao Standards Wijayanti N.P.A.D., Putra I.G.N.A.D., Laksmiani N.P.L., and Astuti K.W

42

6 The Impact of Indonesian Terasi in The Beef Consommé, A Sensory Assessment Mery Tambaria Damanik Ambarita

43

7 The Improvement of Food Quality and Safety of Fish Skin Crackers in Serangan Bali Darmadi N.M, D.G.Semara E., and I M.Kawan

44

8

The Role of Bio-Activator to Improve Quality and Productivity of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Granola Variety Yohanes Setiyo, I.B.P Gunadnya, IGA Lani Triani, KB. Susrusa, Dewa Gede Mayun Permana and IBW Gunam

44

9

Manipulation of Apical Dominance to Increase Stem Number and Tuberisation in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties Atlantic and Granola Ni Luh Arpiwi, Julie A Plummer, and Ian R. McPharlin

45

10 Optimization of pH and Quantity of Solvent in The Extraction of Cocoa Rind Pectin I Nengah Kencana Putra, Ni WayanWisaniyasa, and Sutomo Sinaga

46

11 Less Frequently Consumed Fauna in Recent Balinese Generation’s Diet Anak Agung Gde Raka Dalem

46

12

Characterization of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) in Rimba Jaya Village Merauke Regency Amelia Agustina Limbongan, Diana Sri Susanti and Dimpu Parulian Siagian

47

13 Physical, Chemical and Biological Potential Hazard Identification of Slaughter House and Chicken Nuggets Production Process Raynard C. Sanito

48


ABSTRACT BOOK XIII

POSTER

ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY

1 Morphological Diversity of Local Corn Variety in Lakekun Village, Kobalima District, Malaka Regency, East of Nusa Tenggara Province Uslan, Nur R. Adawiyah Mahmud, and Margaretha Seuk Kiik

48

2 Content of Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) of The Bivalve from Serangan Coastline, Bali Gede Surya Indrawan, WayanArthana, and Deny SuhernawanYusup

49

3 Biological Aspects and Family Relationships of Local Rice (Oryza sativa L. ) in Wongaya Gede Village, Penebel, Tabanan Regency, Bali Gusti Ayu Budiwati, Ida Ayu Astarini, and Eniek Kriswiyanti

49

4 Diversity of Seed Traits and Oil Content of Hazel Sterculia (Sterculia foetida L) in Bali Midel. D.W. Ndolu and Ni Luh Arpiwi

50

5 Seeds Traits and Oil Content of Non-Food Plants from Serangan Island, Bali Ramdhoani, Ni Luh Arpiwi, and Eniek Kriswiyanti

50

6 The Characteristics of Dried Vegetables Tabah Bamboo Shoots (Gigantochloa nigrociliata Kurz) Pande Ketut Diah Kencana

51

7

Insect Community Structure and Distribution Coccinellidae on Chili Monoculture and Intercropping Lindung Tri Puspasari, Reti Fitriawati, Tarkus Suganda and Danar Dono

51

8 Begonia Edible Plants and Conservation in Bali Botanic Garden NKE. Undaharta and IG. Wawan Setiadi

52

9

Quality of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Made From Dairy Cow Feces Based on Extraction Concentrations Tubagus Benito Ahmad Kurnani, Hidayati Y.A., Marlina E.T., and Badruzzaman, D.Z.

52

PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

1

The Effect of Normal Dose Extract Gempur Batu Keji Beling ( Strobilanthus crispus BL) to the Level of Haemoglobin and Number of Leucocyte on Female Rat Yoni Astuti and Ali Usodo Mulyo

53

2

Effect of Antifibriotic Isolate Tagitinin C of Kembang Bulan ( Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray) on Keloid Fibroblast Cell Imaniar Ranti, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, and Yohannes Widodo Wirohadidjojo

53

3 The Effect of Diet Containing Different Dragon Fruit Peel Meal Fermentation for Productivity of Broilers Ira Astuti, I M Mastika, and G.A.M. Kristina Dewi

54

4 Productivity of Broilers Give Ration Containing Different Levels Oil Sludge Fermentation Reky Fitro, I M.Mastika, and G.A.M.Kristina Dewi

55


ABSTRACT BOOK XIV

5

Diameter of Seminiferous Tubular and Consumption of Feed of Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Fed Soaked Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) Leaves Meal A.A. Istri Mas Padmiswari, Ngr. Intan Wiratmini, and I Wayan Kasa

55

6 Apoptosis Induction of Quercetin Derivatives in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Kozue Sakao and De-Xing Hou

56

7 Effect of Addition Spirulina fusiformis Powder in Diet to Enhance Color Brightness of Koi (Cyprinus carpio L.) Desak Made Malini., Tri Dewi K.P., and Resty Agustin

57

8

Fungal Pathogenicity and Profile Cuticle Damage Caused by Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae Infection to Oxya japonica (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Melanie, Tjandra Anggraeni, Wardono Niloperbowo, and Nining Ratningsih

57

9

Evaluation of Gelling Agent on Physical and Chemical Properties of Peel-off Gel Mask Extract of Mangosteen Pericarp Pawitri P.M.D.A.H., Eni Z., Harfa P.R., Widiastari M.I., Striratna R.L.A.C., and Wijayanti N.P.A.D.

58

10 Identification of Active Compounds Contained in Pletekan (Ruellia tuberosa L.) Leaves Using Gc-Ms Analysis Ida Ayu Nopiari, Ni Putu Adriani Astiti, and Ngurah Intan Wiratmini

59

11

Effect of Humectan Type and Concentration Towards Physical and Chemical Properties of Mangosteen Peel Extract Gel Dewa Ayu Ferianta Sari, Luh Ade Dyah Tantri Lestari, Ni Luh Ayu Putu Shaine Purnamadewi, I Gede Pradnyana Putra, Ni Wayan Galung Aryani, and Ni Putu Ayu Dewi Wijayanti

59

12 The Ontogeny of Padma Coconut Fruit (Cocos nucifera L.) in Bali Eniek Kriswiyanti and I Ketut Junitha

60

13 The Effect of Neem Formula 50 EC in Suppressing Powdery Mildew Diseases on Soybean Rika Meliansyah, Danar Dono, and Lindung Tri Puspasari

60

14 Bioethanol Production Using Cellulase Pretreated Gracilaria sp. as The Raw Material Yuliana Anaawang, Ni Luh Arpiwi, and Yenni Ciawi

61

15 Levels of Profenofos Resistance of Crocidolomia pavonana and Its Susceptibility to Azadirachta indica Seed Extract Danar Dono, Yogas Dwi Pratiwi, Safri Ishmayana, and Djoko Prijono

61

16 Antioxidant Effect of Goroho Plantain Flours in Diabetic Rats Fransisca Romana T.S., Muliasari Kartikawati, and Prasetyon Sepsi Winarno

62

17

Histology Of Testes Seminiferous Tubules Of Young Male Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Fed With Calliandra Leaf And Pineapple Peels Iriani Setyawati, I Gusti Ngurah Agung Dewantara Putra, and Ni Gusti Ketut Roni

63

18 Zn and Fe Micronutrients Content in Local Rice Cultivar Grown at Jatiluwih Village, Tabanan Regency, Bali-Indonesia MR Defiani and IA Astarini

63


ABSTRACT BOOK XV

19 Analysis of Phenolic Compound In Teak Leaves (Tectona grandis L.) Extracted With Different Composition Times Ni Putu Adriani Astiti

64

20

The Effect of Offered Fermented Rice Hull in Ration Supplemented with Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Leaf on Lipid Profile of Duck Meat T.G.Oka Susila, TG.Belawa Yadnya and Ni Gusti Ketut Roni

64

21 Bioactive Substance Use of Leaf Extract of Piper caninum Pressing for Disease in Rice Blas by In-Vivo Ni Luh Suriani

65

22

Identification of Active Compounds Leaf Extract of Awar-Awar( Ficus septica Brum.F .) and Test Effectiveness Against Colletotrichum Acutatum Sang Ketut Sudirga

65

BIOTECHNOLOGY, GENETIC AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

1 The -344T/C Polymorphism of Aldosterone Synthase Gene and Plasma Aldosterone Level in Individuals with Family History of Hypertension Ika Setyawati, Sunarti, and Pramudji Hastuti

66

2

Gene Action for Agronomy Characters in Segregating Generation (M2) of Soybean [Glycine max (L.)Merr.] Diana Sofia Hanafiah, Ratna Rosanty Lahay, Irdasafni, Eva S. Bayu, and Isman Nuriadi

67

3

In Silico Probe Design for Mutation Detection in KatG Gene of Mdr-Tuberculosis Clinical Isolates Kadek Widya Yulihartati, Putu Sanna Yustiantara, and Sagung Chandra Yowani

67

4 Potential of Livestock Manure for Coal Activation Ellin Harlia, Marlina E.T., Masita R., and Rahmah K.N.

68

HEALTH AND MICROBIOLOGY

1 Isolation, Screening, and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Antagonistic Against Candida albicans Ida Ayu Ketut Ariningsih, Yan Ramona, and Nyoman Semadi Antara

68

2

Production of Xylanase Enzyme Use Broth of Chicken Intestine and Rice Water as Growth Medium for Bacillus sp. Ach. Haris Efendy, Ardian Lubis, Beny Akhmat Saputra, Nora Dwi Saputri, and A.A. I. Ratnadewi

69

3

Utilization of Streptomyces sp. as Biological Control of Vibriosis Disease in Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)) Ni Wayan Desi Bintari, Retno Kawuri, and Anak Agung Gde Raka Dalem

70

4

Difference Antibacterial Activity Between Extract Methanol, Ethanol And Etyl Acetat From Mangosteen Epicarp (Garcinia mangostana L.) Against Acne Bacterial (Propionibacterium acne) Dewa Gede Anom Anjasmara, Ni Putu Eka Fitri, Dyah Aryani Sartika, Ni Putu Puri, Ni Putu Ayu Dewi Wijayanti, and Putu Sanna Yustiantara

70


ABSTRACT BOOK XVI

5

Persistance of Probiotic Lactobacillus sp. F213 in Human Gastrointestinal Tract after a Week of Washed Out Period I N Sujaya, I DM Sukrama, Y Ramona, KA Nocianitri, T Sone, and K Asano

71

6

Molecular Identification of Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Ayam Betutu and Its Resistance to Low pH and Spices Ni Putu Ayu Oktafia Santi, Ni Ketut Candra Putri, and I Nengah Sujaya

72

7

Characterization of Lactobacilli Isolated from Fermented Sumbawa Mare Milk to Produce Fermented Milk and Their Molecular K.A. Nocianitri, I G.A. Kusuma Dewi, I G.N.A. Dewantara Putra, T. Shi, N.P.D. Aryantini, Y. Ramona, T. Urashima, K. Fukuda, and I.N. Sujaya

73

8 Identification of Heavy Metals Plumbum (Pb) in Edible Offal Ellin Harlia, Roostita L.Balia, and Denny Suryanto

74

9 Review of Normometabolic Excellent Antioxidant from Raw Tempeh to Prevent Atherosclerosis I Gusti Ayu Ari Agung

74

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

1 Innovation of Model Processing of the Local Food Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) from Papua Linus Yhani Chrystomo, I Made Budi, and Aditya Krishar Karim

75

2 Determination of Pelleting Technique and Pellet Formulation of Rice Seed Anak Agung Keswari Krisnandika, Eny Widajati, and Wawan Hermawan

75

3

The Application of Benzyl Adenine (BA) and Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) Combinations on Strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Var. Earlybrite) micropropagation Tia Setiawati, Linda Anggraini, and Ruly Budiono

76

4 Local Organic Rice Bran and Its Development as Functional Food Muliasari Kartikawati, Fransisca Romana, Titis Suniati, and Matthew Lantz Blaylock

76

5 Effect of Cinnamon Leaf Extract Formula (Cinnamomum burmanni Blume) on Fusarium Wild that Aattacks Tomato Plants in Bali Anak Agung Ketut Darmadi, I Ketut Ginantra, and Martin Joni

77

6

The Quality of Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Dairy Cattle Waste to Support Sustainable Food Security Yuli Astuti Hidayati, Kurnani T.B.A, Marlina E.T., and Badruzzaman D.Z.

78

7 Effectiveness of Pineapple Waste as Natural Disinfectant in Milk Cans Eulis Tanti Marlina, Yuli Astuti Hidayati, and Ellin Harlia

78

8 Potato Farming at Bedugul Region, Bali, Indonesia Ida Ayu Astarini, Debora Margareth, Putu Wina Andriani Lestari, and Made Ria Defiani

79

9 Integrating Corn Agro-Industry System Through System Thinking Approach Devi Maulida Rahmah

79


KEYNOTE SPEAKER

BIODIVERSITY – ITS CONTRIBUTION TO FOOD SECURITY

AND SUSTAINABILITY

Paul Bailey1, Alicia Polakiewicz2 and Ni Luh Watiniasih3

1RMIT University and Monash University, Melbourne Australia; (retired) 2 Eltham Medical,

Melbourne Australia; 3 Udayana University, Bali

ABSTRACT

The world population is estimated to reach nine billion by 2050. In terms of food

availability, global food production will need to rise by about 60 percent. However,

numerous global challenges are affecting the way agricultural production needs to be

addressed, today and in the future. In this presentation we initially examine examples of such

global challenges including, population increases, land-use changes, resource consumption,

and an increasing trend towards consumption of animal protein. We next discuss some

important consequences of these factors in terms of (a), changing global poverty and human

health, (b) land degradation, decline in ecosystem services and climate change, and (c)

implications for biodiversity. Agricultural production systems need to focus more on the

effective conservation and management of biodiversity and ecosystem services in order to

address the twin objectives of environmental sustainability and food security. Understanding

and enhancing the role of biodiversity and the genetic resources and ecosystem functions it

conveys is essential. Biodiversity underpins to food security, sustainable livelihoods,

ecosystem resilience, coping strategies for climate change, adequate nutritional

requirements, insurance for the future and the management of biological processes needed

for sustainable agricultural production. In our final section of this presentation we discuss a

few ways in which biodiversity for food and agriculture is being used to improve agricultural

production. The aim here is not to provide an exhaustive description of all possible ways in

which biodiversity can/will need to be used to improve agricultural production and food

security goals, rather to illustrate the possibilities, highlight some of the approaches that

already exist, provide a basis for exploring further opportunities and identify areas where

research is likely to bring particular benefits.

Keywords: agriculture, production system, land degradation

ABSTRACT BOOK 5

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Biodiversity – Its contribution to food security and sustainability

Paul Bailey1, Alicia Polakiewicz2 and Ni Luh Watiniasih3

1RMIT and Monash Universities, Melbourne Australia; (retired), 2 Eltham Medical Centre, Melbourne Australia;

3Udayana University, Bali

By 2050……………..

Human wellbeing indicators: health Evolution of life expectancy at birth in the world by level of

development 1950-

1955

1960-

1965

1970-

1975

1980-

1985

1990-

1995

2000-

2005

2005-

2010

Developed

countries

66 69.8 71.3 72.9 74.1 75.8 77.1

Developing

countries

41.7 48.6 56.6 61 63.9 66.6 67.7

Poorest

countries

36.4 40.6 44.4 48 50.4 54 55.9

WORLD 46.6 52.4 58.4 61.7 64 66.4 67.6

Source: United Nations Population Division

Infant mortality rates have significantly improved in all regions of the world

Global life expectancy has increased by 50% since 1950 to 70 years

Consequences: population

Progress in agronomy The Green Revolution: Synthetic nitrogen fertilisers, pesticides, modern irrigation techniques

Global food production is 3x what it was in 1950. The world produces 30% more calories per person than in 1960 Scientific breeding

& agronomy

Knowledge Development Pedigree selection

Human wellbeing indicators: wealth

Real GDP per Capita (in 2000 USD’s)

World distribution of Annual Income (USD)

$1/d poverty line

$1.25/day poverty line

Source: Sala-i-Martin & Pinkovskiy (2010)

The consequences: land use change • More land was converted to cropland in the 30 years after 1950 than in the 150 years between 1700 and 1850 • In 2000 cultivated systems covered 25% of Earth’s terrestrial surface

• 20% of the world’s pasture and rangelands have been damaged • An estimated ~25% of all usable land is degraded • 580 mill ha of forests have been degraded by logging and clearance, almost half of this since 1975

Sources: UNEP/ISRIC & Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, UNEP

The consequences: resource consumption

The consequences: ecosystems

Forest cover degradation, Borneo

Forests Seas

1950

2006

Fisheries expansion as expressed by PPR, the Primary Production Required to generate the catch of fisheries as a

proportion of local primary production

Extinction numbers

0% 30%

(Swartz et al. 2010)

2006

The consequences: emissions

Carbon dioxide emissions (in million metric tons carbon)

60% of the increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide since 1750 has taken place since 1959

Legacy of the 20th Century There is less poverty, but more food inequality ~ 1.3 bn still live below the poverty line ($1.25/day) 1 in 4 children worldwide are stunted In 2008, 35% of the world population was overweight, and 29% was micronutrient deficient

Industrialisation, urbanisation and globalisation have led to significant gas emissions

Increasing pressure on major natural and physical resources We are more informed than ever before

To a large extent, the early 21st century is already determined

• The global community will have to contend with a number of significant challenges. • Consumption will increase with prosperity

Demographic momentum – An extra billion people by 2025

Urbanisation: Global urban:rural ratio ~ 55% by 2025

Alemao Shanty Town, Brazil • Brazil is forecasted to have 90% urbanisation by 2020 • 33% of the world’s urban population live in slums • The world’s cities emit almost 80% of global CO2

Climate change: GHGs in the atmosphere NOW will drive Changes up to 2030

Global population predictions

Predicted population growth by region to 2100 Of the extra 2 bn people added in the 30 years from 2011, ~ 1 bn will be born in Africa and 0.9 in Asia

Urban Agglomerations

1960

Percent of urban population and agglomeration by size class

Urban Agglomerations in 2025

The changing global poverty landscape and rise of the global middle class

Increase in number of households with daily expenditures of $10-100 (as % change per region)

Numbers of individuals living Below $1.25/day

Warming of the climate system is unequivocal

Observed globally averaged combined land & ocean surface temperature anomaly 1850-2012

‘Since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. The atmosphere and oceans have warmed, amounts of snow and ice have diminished, sea level has risen and concentrations of GHGs have increased’ (IPCC WGI 2013)

Warming is not the only indicator of climate change

(b)

(Source: IPCC WGI 2013)

Number of earthquakes of different magnitudes 1900-2010

Biodiversity status (ICUN 2007) & Update 2014

Critically endangered

Endangered

Vulnerable

Monstersky 2014, Life – a status update, Nature 516, 159-161

26%

13%

41%

% of described species under threat of extinction

Many species remain undescribed therefore conservation status unknown

Estimates of current extinction rates vary from 10 to 690 extinctions per week

Predicted

Described

Main threats to animal populations

How can we conserve biodiversity and ecosystem services while feeding the world?

Livestock production • The world’s largest user of land • Set to grow 1.4% per year to 2030 and 0.9% per year from 2030-2050

World (meat production)

2005/07 2050

Cattle & buffaloes 1 532 2 032

Sheep & goats 1 915 2 939

Pigs 917 1 141

Poultry 19 160 37 030

Developed countries

Cattle & buffaloes 318 320

Sheep & goats 389 460

Pigs 288 294

Poultry 5 239 7 212

Developing countries

Cattle & buffaloes 1 215 1 712

Sheep & goats 1 526 2 478

Pigs 629 846

Poultry 13 921 29 817

In terms of meat production ….

Number of animals (million)

Increases in grazing animals to 2050

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

World Developed countries Developing countires

2005/07

2050

Nu

mb

er o

f an

imal

s (m

illio

ns)

Cattle & buffaloes

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

World Developed countries Developingcountries

2005/07

2050

Nu

mb

er o

f an

imal

s (m

illio

ns)

Sheep & goats

Crop production Arable land expansion Increases in cropping intensity

Yield increases

1961-2007 2005/07 - 2050

1961-2007 2005/07 - 2050

1961-2007 2005/07 - 2050

All developing countries

23 21 8 6 70 73

Sub-Saharan Africa

31 20 31 6 38 74

Near East North Africa

17 0 22 20 62 80

Latin America & the Caribbean

40 40 7 7 53 53

South Asia 6 6 12 2 82 92

East Asia 28 0 -6 15 77 85

World 14 10 9 10 77 80

Sources of growth in crop production (percent)

Higher cropping intensities + yield increases will together contribute 90% to global growth in crop production to 2050

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

World Developed countries Developing countries

2005/07

2050

Crop production

Land expansion will account For the remaining 10%

Source: FAO, World Agriculture Towards 2030/2050: The 2012 revision

Use of biodiversity for food and agriculture

• Wide and varied range of agricultural practices that achieve the aim of improving system production in sustainable ways using biologically-based approaches.

• These usually involve improving the use of biodiversity for food and agriculture, combining inter- and intraspecific diversity in ways that increase production, resilience and ecosystem function.

• They generally deliver improved returns for farmers, better ecosystem services and, often, increased production of higher-quality products.

• They illustrate the potential value of agricultural biodiversity and suggest entry points for the development of further improvements.

• Ongoing research in some of these areas has already provided evidence of further potential sustainable production gains that can improve food security and help cope with climate change.

In this following section...

• Describe a few of the ways biodiversity for improved agricultural production are described

• Aim: not to describe exhaustive description of all possible ways biodiversity can/will be used

• Rather........

– Illustrate possibilities

– Highlight some approaches that already exist

– Provide basis for exploring further possibilities

– Identify some areas for future research

Discuss 3 topics briefly

1. Benefits of diversity & multispecies approaches

2. Soil fertility

3. Pest control

1. Benefits of diversity & multispecies approach

• Crop and livestock systems are part of a larger landscape

• Wild species are needed for agriculture. For example – Pollinator species

– Crop wild relatives

– Soil biota

• Use of multi-species is one strategy to improve productivity and provide buffer against climatic adversities

1.1 Aquatic systems – species combinations

Cambodia

• Amblypharyngodon mola with commercial carp increased pond production by 30% plus

• adding to supplementary income by 15 – 35%

Aquatic systems – species combinations

• Self-recruiting species also add significantly

– Channa, Clarias & Anabas species contribute more than 40% of total household catch by weight in Cambodia

Diversification of fish spp. in aquaculture enhances

resource use efficiency and reduces waste

For example - Four types of carp are commonly raised in ponds in China

Bighead carp – filters zooplankton

Common carp – omnivorous bottom feeder

Silver carp – filters phytoplankton Grass carp – plant- eating microorganisms

1.2 Patches of wild vegetation

• Shelter and habitat or beneficial wild fauna that contributes to pest control, soil enrichment and pollination

• Dairy farms in Monteverde, Costa Rica

– Included 190 plant species, 90% know to provide shelter for birds and insects

– Provide timber (37%, firewood (36%) fence posts (20%) (

Patches of wild vegetation

• Cacao and coffee systems in Brazil (Robbins et al. 1993)

Provides spacial resources for pest-feeding birds

Pollinator management •Pollinators are essential for orchard, agricultural crop, horticultural crop and forage production and production of seed for many root and fibre crops •Pollinators such as bees, birds, and bats affect 35 percent of the world’s crop production •Increasing outputs of 87 of the leading food crops worldwide •Food security, food diversity, human nutrition and food prices all rely strongly on animal pollinators •The consequences of pollinator declines are likely to impact the production and costs of vitamin-rich crops like fruit and vegetables, leading to increasingly unbalanced diets and health problems

World Crop Pollinators Bees 57%

Flies 19%

Bats 6.5%

Beetles 5%

Wasps 5%

Birds 4%

Butterflies and moths 4%

Pollinator management

• Good practice occurs at a variety of scales:

• Field: – Minimizing farm chemicals / alternatives to

agrochemicals

– Integrated pest management / set-aside area

• Farm: – Conserving diverse cropping patterns by

combining mixed cropping, including cover crops, kitchen gardens and agroforestry systems

Pollinator management

• Lanscape level

– Maintenance of vegetation in close proximity to farmland

– Provide flowering, shelter and nesting resources for pollinators

2. Soil fertility

• Soil biodiversity essential for nutrient flow processes at all scales

• Soil food webs are extremely intricate and ramified

• Biodiversity is strongly influenced by management practices such as tillage, crop combinations, organic matter inputs and applications of fertilizers and pesticides

• Management practices that use ecological-based approaches nurture soil biodiversity

• Produces positive cascade effects on efficiency and productivity for the entire system

Soil fertility: organic agriculture (OA) – concept of ‘feeding the soil, not the crop

• Under OA

– 40% increase in biomass of root symbioses

– 130-320% increase in decomposition

– 200% increase in biodiversity and abundance of soil arthropods

• However – 20% decrease in yield per plot

• However:

– 30-54% reduction in nutrient inputs

– 97% reduction in pesticide use

• Organic plots exhibited increases of 10-60%

– nutrient-use efficiency

– Soil fertility

– Phosphorus cycling

Under stressful conditions organic crops tend to react better

Organic soybean yield

• 2.5 t/ha

• 2.3 t/ha

• 2.8 t/ha

Conventionally grown soybeans

• 1.02 t/ha

• 0.8 t/ha

• 1.2 t/ha

Drought years 1999 and 2000

Sources: Mader et al. 2002; Rodale Institute 1999

OPPORTUNITY: Rural agriculture practices

System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Designed to benefit farmers with small holdings Increases productivity by maximising management practices not inputs. Benefits seen in over 40 countries • 100 per cent increase in yield • 90 per cent reduction in seed • 50 per cent water saving

Under-utilised edible plant diversity • 12 crops provide 80% of the plant food consumed globally • Yet 30,000+ species are known to be edible • 7000 edible species are semi-domesticated • More than a billion people rely on such plant diversity for part of their daily diet Conservation & sustainable utilisation

of yam wild relatives inMadagascar

3. Pest control

• Diversity in the form of

– Intraspecific genetic diversity

– Mixed cropping systems

– Landscape heterogeneity (at larger scale)

• Increases resilience of the agro-ecosystem

• Contributes to more effective pest control

• Improves/Increases production and productivity sustainability

Pest - Potato Tuber moth

Phthorimaea operculella

Solanaceous spp.

Larvae and leaf damage

Larva with tuber damage

Pest control: Bio-control

Copidosoma

Leaf hairs on potato plants

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Agria Kennebec Potiac Desire

Hairs (no/mm2)

% parasitism

% r

ate

of

par

asit

ism

Potato cultivars

Cultivars grown together

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Agria Kennebec Potiac Desire

Monoculture

Polyculture

% p

aras

itis

m

Apanteles sp.

Orgulus sp.

Significant knowledge gap •Converting forest into farms significantly alters the biophysical environment • Yield declines are raising concerns that ecosystem limits might have been reached and exceeded • Climate change is likely to exacerbate these effects • Knowledge about these interrelationships remains poor

The Changing Global Balance

Africa in 2030: 1.6bn people, 800m of working age Europe in 2030: 700m people, 460m of working age Asia in 2030: 4.9bn people, 3.3bn of working age

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