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THE IMPACT OF LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY ON SPEECH SOUND PRODUCTION
I. INTRODUCTION**
• Demographics: persons from multicultural backgrounds are increasing greatly in the U.S.
Recent Statistics--% of U.S. population:**
1970 2000 2050 White 83.7 70 50Black 10.6 12 13Hispanic 4.5 13 24Asian 1.0 4 9Native Am. .4 .9 1
II. LANGUAGE VARIETIES**• Dialects—mutually intelligible
forms of a language associated with a particular region,
• ethnicity, or social class.
• In U.S., business dialect is General American English (also called Mainstream American English and Standard American English)
You will have a good L2 accent if:
Children all over the globe exhibit phonological processes:
III. NATIVE AMERICAN LANGUAGES**
• Test: only what is in lecture
• NA languages spoken mainly by elders, not children
• Many NA langs have glottal stops
IV. SPANISH-SPEAKING CHILDREN
• A. Background
• B. Phonological Characteristics (test p. 231 chart esp.)
C. Assessment and Treatment
V. AFRICAN AMERICAN ENGLISH
• A. History of AAE
B. 5 Factors Influencing Use of AAE**– 1. Age (younger ch use it more)
– 2. Socioeconomic status (low-SES families use it more than middle- and upper-SES)
– 3. Geographic location (more in the south)
– 4. Education (less in highly educated families)
– 5. Gender (more boys than girls)
C. Phonological Characteristics of AAE
• **Note: for exam, main focus is on chart on p. 216
D. Assessment and Treatment
In the public schools…
In private practices and universities….
VI. ASIAN, PACIFIC ISLANDER, AND ARABIC LANGUAGES
• A. Introduction
B. Languages of Asian Countries (from bottom of p. 239 to middle of p. 246—lecture notes only are on
exam—not the reading)
• 1. Arabic: Middle East and North Africa.
2. Japanese
3. Tagalog
4. Khmer (kəmaɪ)
5. Hmong
6. Vietnamese
7. Chinese
Youtube video
• The four tones of Mandarin (we’ll watch the 1st 2.5 minutes)