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The Great Incentives Scavenger Hunt: A State Policy Update
Rusty HaynesN.C. Solar Center / NCSU
3rd Annual SEMI North American PV Fab Managers ForumSan Francisco, CA
9 July 2012
• Created in 1995• Funded by U.S. DOE / NREL• Managed by NCSC / NCSU• Scope = government & utility
incentives & policies that promote RE/EE
• ~ 2,700 total summaries• ~175,000 users per month• DSIRE Solar (dsireusa.org/solar)• DSIRE data services for businesses
(dsireusa.org/services)
DSIRE Overview
Why is the U.S. PV market challenging?
• Investor-owned (210)• Public utilities (2,009)• Electric co-ops (883)• Federal (9)
• Federal (1)• States, territories, DC (~65)• Counties (3,143)• Municipalities (~30,000)
Regulatory Regimes Electric Utilities
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration
U.S. Electric Industry Average Revenue per kWh(March 2012)
RPS Policies with Solar/DG Provisions
RPS with solar / DG provision
RE goal with solar / DG provision
(Source: DSIRE, June 2012)WA: double credit for
DG
NV: 1.5% solar x 2025;
2.4 - 2.45 multiplier for PV UT: 2.4
multiplierfor solar-electric
AZ: 4.5% DG x 2025
NM: 4% solar-electric x 2020 0.6% DG x 2020
TX: double credit for non-wind
(non-wind goal: 500 MW)
CO: 3.0% DG x 20201.5% customer-sited x
2020
MO: 0.3% solar-electric x 2021
MI: triple credit for solar- electric
OH: 0.5% solar-electric x 2025
NC: 0.2% solar
x 2018
MD: 2% solar x 2020 DC: 2.5% solar x 2023
NY: 0.4092% customer- sited x 2015
DE: 3.5% PV x 2026; triple credit for PV
NH: 0.3% solar- electric x 2014
NJ: 5,316 GWh solar- electric x 2026PA: 0.5% PV x 2021
MA: 400 MW PV x 2020
OR: 20 MW solar PV x 2020; double credit for PV
IL: 1.5% PV x 20250.25% DG by 2025 WV:
various multipliers
16 states + DC have an RPS with
solar/DG provisions
DC
†
Solar water heating counts toward solar / DG provision
† Fuel cells qualify for solar carve-out
UT: limited to certain sectors
AZ: limited to certain sectors
VA: see notes
3rd-Party PV Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs)(Source: DSIRE, April 2012)
Apparently disallowed by state or otherwise restricted by legal barriers
Status unclear or unknown
Authorized by state or otherwise currently in use, at least in certain jurisdictions within in the state
Puerto Rico
At least 21 states + PR authorize or
allow 3rd-party PV PPAs
State offers one or more industry incentives that apply to PV
Puerto Rico
DC
21 states + PR have industry recruitment
incentives for PV (etc.)
Industry Recruitment/Support Incentives(Source: DSIRE, June 2012)
CT: Residential Solar Investment ProgramCT: Long-Term ZREC, LREC Contracts (CL&P, UI)DE: SRECsMA: Commonwealth Solar II RebatesMN: IOU PV rebates (MN Power, Excel)TX: Austin Energy Commercial PV IncentivesWA: RE Production Incentives
Some Programs Offer Bonus $$ for In-State Content…
• CA: Net metering bolstered, new CSI $$, RAM/FIT evolution• NJ, PA: SREC market mayhem• CT: ZRECs & residential PV rebate program • VT: FIT & expedited PV permitting expanded • NY: NY-Sun Initiative• IL: DG carve-out, net metering snafu• MD: RPS shored up; net metering salvaged• DE: SREC pilot program• TX: 3rd-party sales • NH: RPS solar carve-out gutted
Recent Major State Policy Developments
Key Points & Take-Aways• Each state basically its own market. Markets driven by state
policy, rates, solar resources.• Federal policy a constant wildcard; focus is on states. Growing
industry interest in state legislative & PUC arenas.• Dominance of 3PO model - profitable, easy. More clarification
needed nationally.• Long-term perspective: a decade of overwhelmingly solid
state policy progress, with little backtracking ... until now?• Implications of increasing policy complexity…
