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The French RevolutionPart Deux
The Aftermath:
“Revolution Brings Reform and Terror”
Where we were:
• National Assembly Established
• Storming of the Bastille
• Great Fear
The National assembly Takes Control
• 1st Major Reform: State Controlled Church • Church Officials/Priests to be elected
• Led to decrease in power • How?
• Sale of Church Lands pay off debts
• Peasants are scared • Grown up as devout Catholics
• 1st decrease in church power
The National assembly Takes Control
• 2nd Major Reform: Constitutional Changes • Limited Monarchy Created • Legislative Assembly Created
• King Still holds executive powers
• Create laws
• Approve declarations of war
The Factions!!!!!!!!!
• Radicals • Left Side • No Monarchy
• Moderates
• Center
• Some changes
• Conservatives
• Right Side
• Limited Monarchy/Few Changes
Where did most of the 3rd estate fall?
Factions outside government
• Sans-Culottes • “those without knee breeches” • Greater Changes! • Small Shopkeepers
• Émigrés
• Nobles who had left France • Restore Old Regimes
Insecurities => War
• French Radicals wanted to spread their revolution across globe\
• Austria and Prussia wanted Louis in charge • Threatened war if Monarchy hurt
• So, of course, Radicals took Louis, Marie & Family 8/10/1792
• September Massacres • People Panic—attack prisoners before they can
France Has a Martyr in Jean-Paul Marat
Insecurities => Lawlessness
• National Convention not sure what to do • Took control after Legislative Assembly dissolves • Abolishes monarchy • France = Republic
• Adult Male citizens can vote/hold office.
The Jacobins
• Remember the Rebels / Marat who commit September Massacres? • They take control. • Tried Louis for Treason
• 1/21/1793
• By Guillotine
The Wars continue
• France Defeats Austria/Prussia! • …until Britain, Holland, and Spain Join in • Jacobins Draft 300k people to fight—do not want to give up! 1793
• 1794: 800,000 French in Army
The Reign of Terror
• Emergency government started by Jacobins • Find spies against the Revolution • Only “citizen” • Fight Wars • GUILLOTINE!!!!!!!!!!!!!
• Any Social Commentary goes against Revolution • No common calendar
• Really a problem for foreign relations
Committee of Public Safety
• Jabobin Enforcement squad • Punishes people for going against revolution • Censorship • 40,000 people executed: 85% Peasants/Middle Class
• Maximillian Robespierre in control • Wanted “Republic of Virtue”
• TERROR ON TERROR!!
• Must actively be involved—destroy enemy
• Great Terror Takes it too Far
Ending Terror: Round 1
• National Convention turns on Robespierre • Scared for their own lives!
• 1795, new government • Upper-Middle Class in charge • 2 house legislature • The Directory
• 5 Men Executive Body
• Moderate (but still corrupt, of course)
Attitudes&actionsofmonarchy&court
Fearof Counter-Revolution
Religious divisions
Political divisionsWar
EconomicCrises
The Causes of Instability in France
1792 - 1795