French RevolutionFrench Revolution

1789-18151789-1815

Preview to the French Revolution

Inspired by……*American Revolution(1776-1783): Why? What was their purpose of fighting? (See last Chapter 10: Sec. 4

Handout

Short Clip on the American Revolution http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wjfrexe

61XI

Take notes on how the Revolution came about

Difference between the RevolutionsFrench Revolution more

complex: Violent, radical, and established a new political and social order

Longer and more complicated

Why did the people of France revolt?

Read background to the revolution

Create a list of the reasons

Be ready to explain why the reasons you choose were significant to revolt

Background to the Revolution

French People rebelled because……

A. Inequality within their society• Three Estates

1.1. Clergy:Clergy: A. 130,000 in population

B. Owned 10% of the land C. Exempt from taxes D. Class split: Higher clergy sided

with nobilitypoor parish priests

sided with commoners.

2. Nobility 350,000 in population Owned 25-30% of the land Held many of leading positions in

the government, military, law courts, and high church

Exempt from taxes Held privileges Expand power at the expense of

the king

3. Commoners 75-80% of the population Divided within by education, occupation,

and wealth Owned 35-40% of the land, but most had

none Most were still tied to land by “Feudalism” Some were artisans(skilled labor)

Con’t Commoners Bourgeoisie: middle class

– 8% of the population

– Owned 20-25% of the land

– Included: Merchants, lawyers, bankers, doctors, held public offices, writers

– Double edge sword: Some lived like nobility, while others were peasants.

– Both wanted to Rebel!

B. Financial Crisis Bad Harvests Food shortages Inflation (prices rise): WHY? Unemployment 1/3 of the population is poor Money goes to War, King Louis XVI

luxuries, etc.

Snap shot of the French Revolution http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IF4lPW

U_qxY&feature=related

Last Straw King Louis XVI

needed to raise taxes Calls for the Estates to

meet at Versailles

First and Second Estate decide to form a Constitutional Monarchy and each get one vote

Third estate is not happy. Knows first and second estate will join together.

They separate and make the National Assembly

Create a new constitution and the Tennis Court Oath

Smart Start:

What situations or events are allowing the revolution to be taking place?

Now, Would the King be Happy? King sent out reinforcement to get the

rebellious Third Estate

But the peasants beat him to the punch:

– Stormed the Bastille(pg. 328) (Loaded with weapons and was a prison)

– Took it down brick by brick

– Started the Great Fear

Down with the King and on with Man!National Assembly adopted:

–Declaration of the Rights of Man (page 332 and 336)

•What did this copy?

•Who did it refer to?

Women take charge and DEMAND!!!!!

Women storm the Palace of Versailles and demand the King and Queen to feed their children

Up to this point, the King and Queen ignored all that was going on

The women forced the royal family back to Paris and from this point on they became prisoners of the revolution

Church attacked as well National Assembly in need of money Seizes all lands of the Church and sells Forced to create a new constitution that

stated:

– Officials of the church are to be elected by the people

– They were then to be paid by the state which made the Government in control of religion

New Constitution, Fear, War lead closer to the end of King

N. A. developed Constitution of 1791:

Limited monarchy (King would be a figure and new government would make the laws)

Officials would be elected (those only who paid specific amount in taxes and over 25)

By 1791,old order gone, but some were still not happy and felt left behind

King Louis made things hard and tried to flee Paris.

Other countries feared revolution in their countries, so they attacked France

War declared on France: 1792

“ Everywhere you hear the cry that the king is betraying us, the generals are betraying us, that nobody can be trusted…that Paris will be taken in six weeks by the Austrians…we are on a volcano ready to spout flames” –Observer of the revolution

More Change of Power: People unhappy about the war People were starving, defeated, and

miserable Created the Paris Commune

–Took the King Captive–Called themselves “ordinary

patriots without fine clothes.–Wanted the right to vote–Most were the elite of their

neighborhoods

Power in demand…so is blood! People call for the head of King Louis

16th

Want to end the old regime Jean Paul Marat: Newspaper editor

“Friend of the people” enflames peoples hatred for the elite, clergy, and king.

He himself is murdered (Charlotte Corday) in 1793

Head of the king does not solve the problems Factions develop: These are dissenting

groups of previous revolutionary groups who take matters into own hands

Could not decide whether or not to kill the king– A. Mountain (represented radicals in Paris)– B. Girondins (represented provinces outside of

Paris)

Read aloud the fate of King Louis XVI (pg. 338)

More problems arise

Favoritism Refusal of the new rule and power European monarchs(Prussia, Austria,

Spain, Portugal, Britain, and Netherlands) outraged at the King’s death

Committee of Public Safety developed in response to invasion

The Call for EVERYONES head! Reign of Terror (1793-1794) Maxmilien Robsepierre gains power (page

338) Wipe out those who opposed the new

regime Close to 40,000 were put to the guillotine Could be anyone (Read page 340: Crushing

Rebellion) Revolution gets out of control

Republic of Virtue?

Read with a partner “The Republic of Virtue” pg. 320

What changes were being made? Were they positive or negative? What do you think will happen next?

What about the Young People in France during this time?

Read out loud with partner Young People page 340-341

Nation in Arms and the Directory

French government raised a huge army to defend itself

Napoleon in charge and successful

Creates a sense of Nationalism (Pride in ones country)

Down with Robspierre

Robspierre beheaded

Directory is formed…..But what is it?

Read the last red heading on page 342 to find out. Take own notes.

Video: Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXsZbkt0yqo

NAPOLEON RISES TO POWER!

Complete the sequence chart on page 351 for tomorrow

You can also be working on your stories and final exam study guide!