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doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2008.12.095

Abstracts / Journal of Science an

bout diabetes with their patients. Conclusions: The identifi-ation of effective strategies to promote sustained motivationor physical activity and healthy eating management is crucialor the growing number of people from CALD backgroundso reduce costly risks of diabetes and promote effective dia-etes treatment.

oi:10.1016/j.jsams.2008.12.093

3

he epidemiology of injuries in American Flag FootballAFF): Initial pilot study results

. Kaplan

Jerusalem Sports Medicine Institute, Jerusalem

Background: Although AFF is considered a non-tackleport, many serious contact-type injuries are reported annu-lly worldwide. Neither previous studies have investigatedhe epidemiology nor the prevention of injuries in this sport.bjective: To examine the epidemiology of sports injuries

n the AFF league (AFFL) in Israel. Design: Descriptivepidemiology study. Setting: Sports field, amateur AFFL.articipants: Seven hundred and forty-six amateur malelayers. Methodology: All time-loss injuries sustained iname sessions were recorded by the off-the-field medicalersonnel over a one-season period. Detailed phone ques-ionnaires were carried out 7-14 days following the injury.esults: Three hundred and twenty-nine games were played

n the 2006/7 season. The number of athlete-exposures was45,434. Although 70 injuries were reported over this period,0 detailed questionnaires were fully completed, representing4 individual players in total. Six of the 70 injuries involvedlayers with multiple injuries. Overall, this represents annjury rate of 0.29 per 1000 athlete-exposures (95% CI: 0.35,.22). The estimated incidence per season of a player sus-aining an injury is 8.6% (95% CI: 6.5%, 10.5%). All thenjuries were traumatic, caused directly by either contact withhe ground (22 or 46%) or involving another player (15 or0%). Fourteen (28%) of the injuries occurred to the hand,1 (22%) to the knee and 10 (20%) to the head/face. Only 36%) of the players wore any type of protective equipment.hirty (61%) occurred in the second half of the game. Six

12%) occurred not in accordance with regular game rules.n terms of injury type, 6 (12%) involved concussion-typenjuries, 16 (36%) were dislocations, whilst 22 (44%) resultedn haematoma/contusions. Thirty-one (62%) involved theefensive line and receiver player-positions. Thirty-seven74%) were moderate to severe in nature whilst only 2 (4%)ere recurrent in nature. Five (11%) of the players partic-

pated in a pre-season conditioning program. Conclusions:

hese initial pilot study results reflect both the high numberf moderate to severe type-injuries in this so-called “non-ackle” sport. Despite the fact that most of the injuries resultedrom either direct contact with the ground or another player,

ine in Sport 12S (2009) S1–S83 S39

ery few players used any form of protective equipment.hese results have accentuated the urgent need for protectiveeasures to reduce injuries in the AFFL, and have formed

he basis of the consecutive 2-season epidemiological studyhich is currently underway. A randomised controlled injuryrevention trial will thereafter be introduced.

oi:10.1016/j.jsams.2008.12.094

4

ootball players at the New Zealand 2008 Mastersames: A profile of training and injuries

. Newsham-West 1,∗, C. Button 2, P. Milburn 1, A.uendermann 1, A. Schneiders 1, G. Sole 1, J. Sullivan 1

School of Physiotherapy, Centre for Physiotherapyesearch, University of Otago, New ZealandSchool of Physical Education, University of Otago, Newealand

Introduction: Despite the popularity of football, little isnown about training practices and injuries in older foot-all players. Identification of injuries and contributing factorss vital to develop injury prevention strategies and promoteife-long participation. Methodology: This descriptive cross-ectional study surveyed male football players at the 2008ew Zealand Masters Games, using methods selected fromrecent football consensus paper. Results: The cohort of 199layers recruited, had a mean age of 44 yrs (35–73) and aean football playing history of 27.5 yrs (0–42). The major-

ty of players (66.7%) typically trained 1–4 h per week, with4% of these including warm-up and 78% flexibility in theirraining. In the 12 months prior to the games, 127 footballelated injuries were reported by 93 players, equating to annjury rate of 1365.6/1000 injured players or 641.4 injureser 1000 overall players. The most commonly injured regionas the lower limb which the majority of occurred during aame, with the median time-off sport being 2 days (0–365).here was a significant decrease in reported injuries with an

ncreasing age (p = .004) Conclusion: This study is the firsto profile training and injury history in older football players.his exploratory data indicates a significant number of play-rs experience one or more injuries per year, however thenjury rate is not dissimilar to previous studies of youngerootball players. The data indicates that future injury preven-