The English establish13 Colonies

Early Colonies have mixed success

The New England Colonies

The Southern Colonies

The Middle Colonies

• Sir Walter Raleigh– Joint-stock company

• Investors seek to profit from colonies–Bought stock in the companies–Entitled them to share in any & all profits–King/Queen had to grant charter

– Roanoke Island• John Smith

– Mercenary in France & Turkey– Captured & saved by Indians

• Powhatan & Pocahontas

• Mercantilism–Economic system for making money

off colonies–Raw materials sent to Europe–Finished goods sold in colonies–Used to enrich treasuries of European

countries

Jamestown– Virginia Company receives charter in 1606

• John Smith with 100 men & boys–Boredom & haughtiness–Lands near calm waters of a great bay

»Chesapeake Bay named by Smith»Mouth of the James river

• Jamestown established in April 1607–1st permanent English settlement in the

New World • Powhatan & Pocahontas• John Rolfe

–Tobacco becomes cash crop

–Headright system• 50 acre land grant for anyone who could

pay their way– Indentured servant

• Agreement to work for person paying Headright

–House of Burgesses (1619)• 1st representative assembly in the

colonies–Royal colony

• Colony owned by king

Jamestown

New England Colonies• Mayflower (1620)

–Separatists• Pilgrims (dissenters)

• Mayflower Compact–Written constitution–Signed before leaving ship

• Plymouth colony–William Bradford–Squanto

• 1st Thanksgiving (Fall 1621)

New England colonies• Pilgrims (English Separatists)

– Seeking freedom of religion

• Landed on Cape Cod in November 1620– Came aboard the Mayflower

• Mayflower Compact– Laws of the colony signed by all men aboard the ship

– Named their colony Plymouth– Half died the 1st winter

• Samoset– English speaking Indian– Introduced them to Squanto

Pilgrims

Pilgrims• Squanto

– Last of his tribe– Taught settlers to grow corn, beans, & pumpkin– Acted as their interpreter with other Indians

• 1st Thanksgiving– Fall of 1621– Celebrated the good harvest

• William Bradford– Governor of Plymouth– Led the switch to private property

Puritans• The Great Migration of the 1630s

– Massachusetts Bay Company• John Winthrop• 11 ships, 700 people, 240 cows, & 60 horses

– Doubled the population• New England’s population balloons

– Unrest in England• Massachusetts Bay Colony

– Commonwealth• Community where people work together for the

good of the whole• Believed in covenant with God for a holy society

• Rhode Island– Roger Williams banished from Massachusetts– Anne Hutchison

• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut• Quakers

– Conflict with Puritans• “Inner Light”• Equality of women• Treatment of Indians

– Mary Dyer & other martyrs• Democratic traditions

– Churches voted• Town meetings

Southern colonies• Maryland

– Proprietary colony• A single owner

– Lord Baltimore– Act of Toleration

• Forbade religious persecution

• Carolinas– Proprietary colony– Huguenots (French protestants)– Charles Town (Charleston)– Rice & slavery

• Elite society

• Carolina rebellion (1691)– Split into North & South Carolina– Becomes royal colony

• Georgia (1732)– James Oglethorpe– Began as proprietary to protect from invasion

• Debtors & poor people– Savannah was 1st settlement– Laws outlawed slavery

• People revolted & colony became royal• Wanted to be more like SC

Middle colonies• People from all over Europe came here

– Holland, Sweden, Germany, France, as well as England, Scotland, Ireland, & Wales

• New Netherland – Peter Stuyvesant– Patroon received land grant

• Person who brought 50 settlers – Very tolerant society

• Charles II’s brother Duke of York drove Dutch away– New Amsterdam, New Netherlands becomes New

York, New York

• New Jersey– Duke of York gives land to his friends, Sir George

Carteret & Lord John Berkeley• Pennsylvania (Penn’s woods)

– William Penn • Quaker holy experiment• Religious freedom to all• Paid for land taken from Indians• pacifists

– Land given by Charles II to pay off debt• Proprietary colony• Philadelphia (city of brotherly love)

• Delaware – 3 lower counties of Pennsylvania given independence