Chapter 3: Chapter 3: The English The English Establish Establish

13 Colonies13 Colonies

Section 1: Early Colonies Section 1: Early Colonies Have Mixed Success (pp. 69-Have Mixed Success (pp. 69-

73)73)

I. The English Plan Colonies – I. The English Plan Colonies – A. When? A. When?

-After they defeat Spanish Armada-After they defeat Spanish Armada

B. Why?B. Why?

1. 1. mercantilism!mercantilism!

a.a. be a source for raw materialsbe a source for raw materials1620

1850

1926

I.I. The English Plan Colonies The English Plan Colonies

A. When? A. When?

-After they defeat Spanish Armada-After they defeat Spanish Armada

B. Why?B. Why?

1. 1. mercantilismmercantilism

a.a. source for raw materialssource for raw materials

b. increase trade b. increase trade

c. build up gold supply c. build up gold supply

2. expand empire2. expand empire

3. spread the Protestant religion3. spread the Protestant religion

C. Who? English settlers seeking……C. Who? English settlers seeking……

1. economic opportunities…land1. economic opportunities…land

2. religious freedom2. religious freedom

II. First two colonies fail! - why? - II. First two colonies fail! - why? - pg. 70pg. 70Roanoke Roanoke

SacadahocSacadahocRoanoke

SacadahocSacadahoc

III. III. Jamestown, VirginiaJamestown, Virginia is founded in is founded in

16071607A. Funded by Virginia A. Funded by Virginia

Company, a Company, a joint-stock joint-stock companycompany

B. Granted B. Granted chartercharter by by King James IKing James I

C. Becomes the first C. Becomes the first permanent permanent English English settlementsettlement

Jamestown, Virginia

D. Jamestown hardships…D. Jamestown hardships…

1. swampy & full of 1. swampy & full of malaria-carrying mosquitoesmalaria-carrying mosquitoes

2. drinking water unhealthy2. drinking water unhealthy

3. looked for gold instead of 3. looked for gold instead of building homes & finding foodbuilding homes & finding food

4. many too lazy or 4. many too lazy or “too good” to work “too good” to work

http://www.apva.org/history/orig.html

5. harsh climate 5. harsh climate hot summers, cold wintershot summers, cold winters

6. out of 100 original settlers, 6. out of 100 original settlers, only 38 survived the first yearonly 38 survived the first year

E. Jamestown growsE. Jamestown grows

1. John Smith takes control1. John Smith takes control

a. “He who will not work a. “He who will not work shall not shall not eat.”eat.”

b. trades w/ Powhatan b. trades w/ Powhatan

c. finishes fort c. finishes fort

2. 800 more settlers arrive 2. 800 more settlers arrive

– – John John Smith leavesSmith leaves

F. “Starving time” –by 1610, 60 colonists are alive F. “Starving time” –by 1610, 60 colonists are alive (p 72)(p 72)

What happened???????What happened??????? Because of growing tensions between

the settlers and Native Americans, the Powhatan stopped trading food and attacked the settlers. The settlers did not dare leave the fort. During the “starving time,” the colonists ate rats, mice, and snakes. Only 60 of the colonists were still alive when two ships arrived in 1610. Lord De La Warr, the new governor, imposed discipline, and the “starving time” ended.

G. Things begin to improveG. Things begin to improve

1. new governor 1. new governor strict disciplinestrict discipline

2. John Rolfe 2. John Rolfe tobacco tobacco boosts economy boosts economy (also marries Pocahontas)(also marries Pocahontas)

3. labor 3. labor indentured servants & African & African slavesslaves

=

“…a custome lothsome to the eye, hatefull to the Nose, harmefull to

the braine, and dangerous

to the Lungs.”-King James I

44. House of Burgesses. House of Burgesses is created - is created - 1st representative assembly in 1st representative assembly in coloniescolonies

H. Relations with the Powhatan? H. Relations with the Powhatan?

good –traded foodgood –traded food

bad – colonist take landbad – colonist take land

goodgood – – Rolfe marries PocahontasRolfe marries Pocahontas

bad – colonist take more landbad – colonist take more land

IV. Bacon’s Rebellion - p 73 IV. Bacon’s Rebellion - p 73

Jamestown is burned to the

ground

King fires the royal governor

Former indentured servants can only

afford land infrontier

Governor refuses tohelp them

They ask royal governor to

protect them from Native Americans

Royal governor loses power

Bacon’s RebellionThey are paying

high taxes Bacon’s followersare hanged

►Importance???Importance???

-Group standing up against -Group standing up against tyranny*tyranny*

**government with absolute power that is cruel and unjustgovernment with absolute power that is cruel and unjust

-Power taken from the tyrant and -Power taken from the tyrant and given given back to the peopleback to the people

Section 2: Section 2: New England Colonies - New England Colonies -

religionreligion

I. The Pilgrims I. The Pilgrims

A. Separatists - A. Separatists - “separate” from Church of “separate” from Church of EnglandEngland

B. Mayflower sets sail in 1620 B. Mayflower sets sail in 1620

1. funded by Virginia Company1. funded by Virginia Company

2. 44 “saints” (separatists) and 66 2. 44 “saints” (separatists) and 66 “strangers”“strangers”

3. blown off course 3. blown off course lands outside of Virginia lands outside of Virginia

4. settle in Plymouth, Massachusetts 4. settle in Plymouth, Massachusetts

C. Men sign C. Men sign Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact

1. for the sake of order & good of colony1. for the sake of order & good of colony

2. principles of US Govt.2. principles of US Govt.

a. self-government a. self-government

b. majority ruleb. majority rule

D. Plymouth ColonyD. Plymouth Colony

1. “starving time” – half died by spring1. “starving time” – half died by spring

2. Samoset & Squanto to the rescue! 2. Samoset & Squanto to the rescue!

3. Thanksgiving3. Thanksgiving

- to celebrate - to celebrate

-a good harvest-a good harvest

- peace w/ Natives- peace w/ Natives

II. The PuritansII. The PuritansA. “Purify” Church of EnglandA. “Purify” Church of England

1. large, wealthy group -invested in Mass Bay 1. large, wealthy group -invested in Mass Bay CoCo

2. settled in Massachusetts Bay, Mass.2. settled in Massachusetts Bay, Mass.

3. 3. Great MigrationGreat Migration –eventually 20,000 came –eventually 20,000 came

B. No “starving time”B. No “starving time”

- well-supplied & prepared- well-supplied & prepared

New England

Way

MUST go to their church

Duty

Education – to read Bible

No fun-lead to laziness

Meeting house=church Government/religion

Representative government –male church members voted

Work ethic led to growth and $$$$

Work hard to honor God

Godliness

Honesty

“….worship any other God but the Lord God….”

“….be a witch…”

“….denying the true God, or his Creation, or Government, or shall curse God in like manner, or reproach the holy Religion of God…”

“….commit any willful murder…”

“….slayeth another suddenly in his anger…”

“If any child or children above sixteen years old, and of sufficient understanding, shall curse or smite their natural Father or Mother, he or they shall be put do death…..”

“If a man have a stubborn or rebellious son of sufficient years of understanding (sixteen years of age), which will not obey the voice of his Father, or the voice of his Mother…such a son shall be put to death.”

Pilgrims Puritans

Protestant

Wanted to separate

from Church of England

Wanted to purify

Church ofEngland

III. ConnecticutIII. Connecticut

A. PuritansA. Puritans

B. B. Fundamental Orders of ConnecticutFundamental Orders of Connecticut

1st written constitution in America1st written constitution in America

IV. Rhode IslandIV. Rhode IslandA. Roger Williams -banished from Mass. by A. Roger Williams -banished from Mass. by

Puritans Puritans -religious freedom & nice to Natives!!-religious freedom & nice to Natives!!

B. Anne Hutchinson – also kicked out of Mass.B. Anne Hutchinson – also kicked out of Mass.- believed religion was personal- believed religion was personal

V. New HampshireV. New Hampshire-Freedom of religion-Freedom of religion

Section 3: Section 3: Middle & Middle &

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

I. The Middle Colonies I. The Middle Colonies

--religious freedom --religious freedom

--rivers--rivers

--great for farming--great for farming

A. New York A. New York

1. New Netherland 1st1. New Netherland 1st

2. England wants it… 2. England wants it… fur trade & location fur trade & location

3. Dutch surrender3. Dutch surrender

- King gave to brother - Duke of York- King gave to brother - Duke of York

Ruling this colony will be good practice

for when I become King of

England!!

B. New Jersey - Duke of York gives part of NY to B. New Jersey - Duke of York gives part of NY to friends friends

1. Offer:1. Offer:

a. religious freedoma. religious freedom

b. landb. land

c. rep. govt.c. rep. govt.

Jolly good of old James to grant us this land!

Jolly good of old James to grant us this

land!

C. PennsylvaniaC. Pennsylvania1. King pays debt to Penn family in land1. King pays debt to Penn family in land

-William Penn-William Penn

2. Quaker ideas - all should live in peace2. Quaker ideas - all should live in peace

3. many religions & ethnic groups3. many religions & ethnic groups

4. rights for Native Americans & women4. rights for Native Americans & women

Can’t we all just get along

…..and eat some

oatmeal?

D. Delaware …D. Delaware …Swedes Swedes

DutchDutch

EnglishEnglish

II. Southern coloniesII. Southern colonies - -warm climatewarm climate -fertile soil -fertile soil

A. Maryland – haven for CatholicsA. Maryland – haven for Catholics

1. Toleration Act –allows all Christian beliefs1. Toleration Act –allows all Christian beliefs

2. tobacco plantations 2. tobacco plantations used slaves used slaves

Lord Baltimore

B. CarolinaB. Carolina

1. rice & indigo plantations 1. rice & indigo plantations slaves slaves

2. Divided into N. & S.2. Divided into N. & S.

C. GeorgiaC. Georgia

1. James 1. James Oglethorpe Oglethorpe

wanted refuge for wanted refuge for debtorsdebtors

2. English wanted a 2. English wanted a military outpost military outpost

between between

Spanish & FrenchSpanish & French