The End of the Age of Napoleon

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The French Revolution andNapoleon

(1789-1815)

The End of an EraName:_______________

Block:____

WEX II

Chapter 2, Section 5


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At the end of this section, !ill "e a"le to ans!er

the follo!in# $uestions%

What events led to Napoleons downfall?

What principles guided leaders at the Congress of

Vienna?

How did the Congress of Vienna seek to impose a

new order on Europe:&oca"ular'

gerilla !arfare, a"dicate, legitimac#


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hat chan#es did Napoleon a*e durin#his rei#n+

Spread ideas of revolution across Europe

acked li!eral reform in con"uered lands

#nstalled revolutionar$ governments:%!olished titles of no!ilit$

Ended Church privileges &pened careers to men of talent

Ended serfdom and manorial dues


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hat other "enefits did Napoleon "rin#+

rought the Napoleonic Code

&ften !rought economic !enefits 'educing trade !arriers

stimulating industr$


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o! did his successes !or* a#ainst hi+

%lthough Nationalism spurred (rench

armies to success) *an$ saw Napoleons armies as oppressors

*an$ resented the Continental S$stem +

Napoleons effort to impose (rench culture Countries fought to maintain their language & culture


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pain stron#l' resist Napoleon

,-.-) Napoleon made his !rother /ing

He undermined the Spanish CatholicChurch with his li!eral reforms

Each time the (rench crushed Spanish

resistance) the Spanish resistance grew


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o! do the panish respond+

Spanish patriots engage in #uerilla !arfare

Spanish attacks keep straining the (renchmilitar$ resources

Eventuall$) the ritish send an arm$ under

%rthur Wellesle$ to help the Spanish #uerilla !arfare consists of hit0and0run raids


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Napoleon is defeated in Russia ,-,1) %le2ander # of 'ussian resigns from

the Continental S$stem

Napoleon is outraged3 4akes 5..)... soldiers into 'ussia in ,-,1

4he 'ussians kept retreating while !urning

crops + villages on their wa$

Napoleon couldnt feed or suppl$ his troops

#n &cto!er) the$ started homeward


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Napoleon retreated !ithout en#a#eent

4he arm$ has a ,)... mile retreat

&nl$ ,..)... soldiers survived 6 million soldiers died or deserted3

Napoleon "uickl$ returns to 7aris to raise a

new force to defend (rance However) his reputation for success was

shattered


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o! does the !orld respond+

4heres new alliance !etween 'ussia)

ritain) %ustria) and 7russia 4he$ attack a weakened (rance

Napoleon is defeated at the attle of the

Nations at 8eip9ig in ,-,


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French eneies close in on France 181.

Napoleon a!dicated

He was e2iled to El!a%n island in the *editerranean

4he$ recogni9ed 8ouis ;V### as /ing of

(rance%!dicateis to step down from power


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/ife isn0t eas' for /ouis &

He accepted the Napoleonic Code

He had to honor land settlements madeduring the war

4he


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Napoleon escapes fro his island and

returns to France

Citi9ens in (rance cheered his return 8ouis ;V### flees

#n ,-,=) Napoleon returns to power


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The allies are not happ' a"out his return

4he$ attack Napoleons forces on >une ,- th

,-,= attle of Waterloo in elgium

Napoleon forces defeated in , da$ !$

ritish under uke of Wellington 7russia under @eneral lucher


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Napoleon a"dicated his throne a#ain

He moves to StA Helena

% lonel$ island in the South %tlantic He never returns

Napoleon dies in ,-1,


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Wa$ Napoleon %the revolution on

horse"ac*& or a traitor to the re'oltion( Napoleonic Code consolidated man$ changes

(rance had a consolidated government with a

central government

Held elections

*ore citi9ens could own propert$ *ore citi9ens had access to education


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o! did Napoleon affect the !orld+

His con"uests spread enlightenment ideas

He didnt make Europe into a (rench empire Selling the 8ouisiana purchase dou!ling the

si9e of %merica in ,-.

estro$ing the Hol$ 'oman Empire made itpossi!le for a new @erman$ to emerge


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hat !as the 2on#ress of &ienna+

4his was a ,. month gathering of European

leaders hosted !$ (rancis # of %ustria 'an from Sept ,-,B >une ,-,=

7eople dined + danced

%ttended concerts + !allets

EnDo$ed hunting parties + picnics


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hat serious !or* too* place at the

2on#ress of &ienna+

4he chief goal was to create a lasting peace!$ esta!lishing a !alance of power and

protecting the s$stem of monarch$

However) each mem!er also pursued his

own goals


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ho !ere the ain pla'ers at the

2on#ress of &ienna+

Prince Metternich ofAustria Czar Alexander I of Russia

Lord Robert Castlereagh of 3ritain

Prince Maurice Talleyrand of France


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hat did each /eader !ant+ )etternichwanted to restore the status "uo

*le+ander I wanted a holy allianceF of

Christian *onarchs to stop futurerevolutions

8ord Castlereagh wanted to stop (rance

from regaining militar$ power 4alle$rand pla$ed the other leaders to have

(rance !e accepted as an e"ual partner


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hat !as the &ienna ettleent+ 4he$ redrew the map of Europe

#n the north) the$ added elgium + 8u2em!ourg

to Holland to create the Netherlands 7russia got lands along the 'hine 'iver

%ustria reasserted control over northern #tal$

This arrangement was successful inee!ing the !eace


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4he$ promoted the idea of legitimac$or

restoring hereditar$ monarchies that

Napoleon had unseated 8ouis ;V### was put !ack on the throne

8egitimate monarchs were restored to power 7ortugal

Spain 4he #talian States


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o! did the' plan to *eep the ne! order+

*etternich pushed to create the 2oncert of

4urope) a !eace ee!ing organization #ncluded all the maDor European states

8eaders pledged to

maintain the !alance of power to suppress an$ uprisings


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The iediate peace #oals !ere achieved,

"ut there !ere other forces at !or*

4he$ didnt take nationalism into accountwhen redrawing countr$ !oundaries

4he$ created a @erman Confederation with

%ustria as its head

However) the @ermans wanted to have their

own nation


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*an$ people who were inspired !$

revolutionar$ ideas condemned the Vienna

Settlement However) a general peace lasted for ,.. $earsA

4he ideals of the (rench 'evolution were

not destro$edA

#n the ne2t decades people in Europe +

8atin %merica would seek e"ualit$ + li!ert$


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*a', let0s see if 'ou #ot it6

What e'ent$ led to Napoleon$ do!nfall(

His first maDor mistake was leading 5..)...soldiers into 'ussia) Dust !efore winter which

turned out to !e maDor defeat


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hat principles #uided leaders at the

2on#ress of &ienna+

4he chief goal was to create a lasting peace!$ esta!lishing a !alance of power and

protecting the s$stem of monarch$


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o! did the 2on#ress of &ienna see* to

ipose a ne! order on 4urope+

*etternich pushed to create the Concert ofEurope which was a peacekeeping

organi9ation


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hat is #uerilla !arfare+

Hit0and0run raids against an enem$

#n Spanish little !arF? hat is the eanin# of a"dicate+

4o step down from power

hat is the eanin# of le#itiac'+ 8egal !oundaries


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-i.Time/


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The End of the Age of Napoleon