Day 3: The Age of Napoleon

Day 3: The Age of Napoleon

Napoleon takes power

Seen as national hero

Napoleon takes power

Seen as national hero

Napoleon was born in Corsica

Napoleon was born in Corsica

Napoleon’Napoleon’s homes home

•1799 NB uses the army to take over the government

•1799 NB uses the army to take over the government

Coup d'état (Military takeover)

•1804 NB crowns himself Emperor•1804 NB crowns himself Emperor

Napoleon as

Emperor

Napoleon as

Emperor

Napoleon's rule

•Uniform laws inspired by the Revolution•Civil Code was most important – preserved individual rights•But…

•Uniform laws inspired by the Revolution•Civil Code was most important – preserved individual rights•But…

The Napoleonic

Code

The Napoleonic

Code

Many laws restrict rights (especially

women) & restores slavery in Caribbean

Many laws restrict rights (especially

women) & restores slavery in Caribbean

•NB creates a new, efficient government•Promotion based on ability - not rank or birth

•NB creates a new, efficient government•Promotion based on ability - not rank or birth

A New Bureaucracy

A New Bureaucracy

NB Sells Louisiana to US in 1803 for $15

m.

NB Sells Louisiana to US in 1803 for $15

m.

Needs money for war in Europe & too far away to

control

Needs money for war in Europe & too far away to

control

•Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia and Sweden unite against NB

•Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia and Sweden unite against NB

The CoalitionThe Coalition

Napoleonic Warfare

Napoleonic Warfare

1. Rapid Movement

2. Divide and Conquer

3. Object not to outmaneuver, but to destroy enemy army

1. Rapid Movement

2. Divide and Conquer

3. Object not to outmaneuver, but to destroy enemy army

4. Massed formations firing at short range

5. Mobile artillery

5. Mobile artillery

By 1812, NB’s Empire consists of three major parts:

- French Empire - dependent

states- allied states

By 1812, NB’s Empire consists of three major parts:

- French Empire - dependent

states- allied states

Continental System

The Invasion of Russia

The Invasion of Russia

Alexander I of Russia refuses to stop trade with Britain

Alexander I of Russia refuses to stop trade with Britain

http://members.tripod.com/~shadojak/march.jpg

•1812 - 400,000 French invade•1812 - 400,000 French invade

Russians use scorched-earth

policy

Russians use scorched-earth

policy

Russians burn Moscow before

retreating

Russians burn Moscow before

retreating

Napoleon Takes Moscow

Napoleon Takes Moscow

http://www.museum.ru/museum/1812/English/Painting/ver/index.html

Winter falls = NB must retreat

Winter falls = NB must retreat

Russians attack & only 10,000 French

escape Russia

Russians attack & only 10,000 French

escape Russia

Napoleon in

Defeat

Napoleon in

Defeat

Napoleon exiled to Elba off the coast of

Italy

Napoleon exiled to Elba off the coast of

Italy

The 100 DaysThe 100 Days•Louis XVIII returned to throne by Allies•March 1, 1815 - NB escapes to Europe, welcomed by French

•Louis XVIII returned to throne by Allies•March 1, 1815 - NB escapes to Europe, welcomed by French

Waterloo (Belgium)Waterloo (Belgium)

NB's final defeat to English under theDuke of Wellington

NB's final defeat to English under theDuke of Wellington

http://members.tripod.com/~shadojak/square.jpg

WaterlWaterloooo

Reasons for Defeat

• Britain’s survival and strength

• Nationalism – unique cultural identity of a nation. (Patriotism against France)

Final exile - NB sent to St. Helena

Final exile - NB sent to St. Helena

Napoleon’s House on St. Napoleon’s House on St.

HelenaHelena

Dies 6 years later of cancer (???)

Dies 6 years later of cancer (???)

Napoleon’s TombNapoleon’s Tomb