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RISE OF NAPOLEON AND THE NAPOLEONIC WARS Chapter 22.3
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
Napoleon was a skilled military leader
Captain at age 22
Brigadier general at age 24
Commander of the French armies in Italy at age 26
Napoleon won many battles as Commander of French armies in Italy
Earned respect of his troops and fellow officers
CONSUL AND EMPEROR
After overthrowing the Directory in a coup d'état, Consulate becomes gov’tA republic in theory
Napoleon named consul, held absolute power Later crowned himself Emperor Napoleon I
Napoleon made peace with Catholic Church and the pope
He created the Napoleonic CodeCode of laws that preserved many principles fought for in the Revolution Equality of all citizens before the law
Religious toleration
Loss of rights for women and children
PRESERVER OR DESTROYER OF THE REVOLUTION?
Preserver
Created national education system
Guaranteed many rights in the Napoleonic Code
Reopened newspapers
Created merit-based bureaucracy
Destroyer
Education was heavily indoctrinated
Women and children lost many rights in Napoleonic Code
Heavily censored the press and even mail
Gave highest offices to friends and family
Became dictator and emperor
NAPOLEON’S EMPIRE
Napoleon warred with various European nations including Russia, Spain, and Britain
Continually won decisive battles; master strategist
Napoleon spread some Revolution principles to nations he conquered
Equality before law; religious tolerance; merit-based gov’t
Napoleon helped influence development of modern Europe
RESISTANCE TO NAPOLEON
Napoleon never conquered Great Britain because of its powerful navyNapoleon suffers first major defeat at Battle of Trafalgar
Napoleon then demanded his allies cease trading with Britain
Most continue in secret or refuse
Britain trades more with Middle East and Latin America instead
Rise of nationalism helped defeat Napoleon
Nationalism: unique cultural identify of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols