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Letter to the Editor By Andrew Shay

The way Native American’s in this country are treated is awful. For some reason people thought that I was okay to treat them like trash and just move them where ever the land wasn’t needed. These events will stain our countries reputation forever. These events will never be forgotten.events will never be forgotten. The way the Native American’s reacted with violence was our fault. They were in America first so I feel that they should have been able to keep their original land.

Andrew Shay

Lawton, OK, Feb. 17 -- Geronimo, the Apache Indian chief, died of pneumonia today in the hospital at Fort Sill. He was nearly 90 years of age, and had been held at the Fort as a prisoner of war for many years. He will be buried in the Indian Cemetery tomorrow by the missionar-ies. Geronimo was a Chiricahua Apache and son of Chal-o-Row of Mangus-Colorado, the war chief of the Warm Spring Apaches. Chal-o-Row had a career of murder and devastation through Arizona, New Mexico, and Northern Mexico, almost equaling that of his terrible son. According to stories told by an old Indian during his last days, he was crowned war chief of his tribe at the early age of 16. For many years he followed the lead of Cochise, the hereditary chief of the Apaches, who died in 1875 and was succeeded by Natchez, his son, who was soon displaced by Geronimo with his superior Indian method of warfare.As the leader of the brutal Apaches of the Southwestern territories, Geronimo gained a reputation for cruelty and violence never surpassed by any other American Indian chief. For more than twenty years he and his men were the terror of the country, always leaving a trail of bloodshed and devastation. Geronimo waswas captured many times, but always got away, until his final capture in 1886, by a small command of infantry scouts under Capt. H.W. Lawton.The capture was made in the summer, after a long and very exhausting campaign of many months, in which Lawton gained a reputation which will be long remembered in the annals of the army. Geronimo was at first sent to Fort Pickens, but was later transferred to Fort Sill. There, he did not give up the hope of some day returningreturning to the leadership of the tribes of the Southwest, and in the early years of his impris-onment he made several attempts to escape. His escapes failed and Fort Sill ended up being his home for the rest of his life.

Lenox, MA, Aug. 11 -- Today, Andrew Carnegie past away in his home at the age of 83. He had been sick for a series of time and finally fell to bronchial pneumonia. Carnegie’s life will be remembered with the steel industry, and with his contributions given from his life’s earnings.AndrewAndrew Carnegie was a Scottish-born American industrialist, businessman, and a major philanthropist. He was an immigrant as a child with his parents. He built Pitts-burgh's Carnegie Steel Company, which later merged with several smaller companies to create U.S. Steel. With the fortune he mademade from business, he turned to philan-thropy and interests in education, founding the Carnegie Corporation of New York, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.

While Carnegie paid his employees the low wages typical of the time, he later gave away most of his money to fund the establishment of many libraries, schools, and universities in America, United Kingdom and other countries, as well as a pension fund for former employees. Carnegie started as a telegraphertelegrapher and by the 1860s had invest-ments in railroads, railroad sleeping cars, bridges and oil derricks. He built further wealth as a bond salesman raising money for American enterprise in Europe.

Steel was where he made his fortune. In the 1870s, he founded the Carnegie Steel Company, a step which cemented his name as one of the “Captains of Industry”. By the 1890s, the company was the largest and most profitable industrial enterprise in the world. Carnegie sold it to J.P. Morgan in 1901, who createdcreated US Steel. Carnegie devoted the remainder of his life to large-scale philan-thropy, with special emphasis on local libraries, world peace, and education and scientific research.

Obituaries Mark Tatum

Tuskegee, AL, Nov. 14 -- Booker T. Washington, influential teacher and leader of the negro race, died early today at his home here, near the Tuskegee Institute, which he founded. Hardening of the arteries, following a nervous breakdown, caused his death four hours after Washington arrived from New York.

AlthoughAlthough he had been in failing health for several months, the negro leader's condition became serious only last week while he was in the east. He then realized the end was near, but was determined to make the last long trip South. He said often: "I was born in the South, have lived all my life in the South, and expect to die and be buried in the South." South."

Accompanied by his wife, his secretary, and a phy-sician, Washington left New York for Tuskegee at 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon. He got home last midnight, and died at 4:40 this morning. His last public appearance was at the national conference of Congregational churches in New York, where he delivered a lecture on Oct. 25. The funeral will bebe held at Tuskegee Institute tomorrow morning at 10 o'clock.

No one knows the day, nor the year, of the of Booker T. Washington’s birth, but the day of his death was announced by telegraph and cable to many parts of the world. He began his life on a plantation under a family named Burrows in Hales Ford, VA. The month and year of his birth was estimated to be April, 1858, although Washington himselfhimself was not sure of this. In the biographical paragraph under his name in "Who's Who in America," it is said that he was born "about 1859." The only certain fact is that he was born into slavery since his negro mother made no record of the date of his birth.

Soon after the end of the civil war, Booker T. Washington went with his stepmother to Malden, WV, where he worked in salt furnaces and attended school. After several years, Washington obtained work in the kitchen of Mrs. Viola Ruffner, a New England woman. Mrs. Ruffner soon recognized the boy's eagerness and ability to advanceadvance himself, so she taught Washington the elementary subjects.

He heard about the Hampton Institute, which was for negroes. In 1871, when he was about thirteen years old, he decided to attend the institute. So,

As women have been gaining more rights and freedoms, they have begun working in our facto-ries. They work alongside all of the men. They are working not for independence or freedom but for the good of the country, due to the bad economy. It helped the economy because they could work for way less pay. Often factories hired children and women to work for way less.women to work for way less.

Woman Austin Crawford

Today marks the opening day of the Hull House, a settlement house. On the Westside of Chicago, Illinois Jane Addams and her co-founder Ellen Star opened a new settlement house.

The house is located on South Halsted Street in a part of town that was once very fashionable but is now home to many immigrants. The neighborhood has a mix of many immigrants including the Germans, Irish, Greeks, and many Italians. The settlement house is located in an old Italian Mansion originally built by Charles J. Hull. The women got the name for their house from Charles Hull.house from Charles Hull.

Addams said that she modeled the Hull House after Toynbee Hall which is a settlement home in London that was founded in 1885. Toynbee was founded as a center for social reform in London. The Hull House is described by Addams as “A community of university women”. The main focus of the house is to provide social and educational opportunities for working class people.people. Many of whom are recent European immi-grants. The house will be offering classes in literature, history and art. It will also offer counseling for immi-grants to help them adjust to city life, childcare for working mothers, and cultural activities for neighbor-hood residents.

Addams and Star hope their house will help many of the residents in their neighborhood, and people all over Chicago. Hopefully their efforts will inspire many women all over the country to reach out and help the new immigrants.

Hull House Mackebzie McBride

Yesterday the Electoral Count Act or the Compromise of 1877 was passed. This decision was defiantly not fair to the democrats. The people in the committee did not even look at the votes from Loui-siana, South Carolina and Florida. Those were the determining states in the presi-dential elections and they did not even bother to see what those votes said. Even though the republican winner Rutherford B. Hays may be fit for presidency it is still not fair for the democratic nominee Samuel J. Tilden. The democrats are enraged and they surely have the right to be.be. If the committee had just opened the ballots from those three determining states then maybe Samuel Tilden would be the president instead of Rutherford B. H a y s . Although the democrats did get some of what they wanted because they demanded that Hays had to withdrawal troops from Louisiana and South Carolina. It was nice that the democrats got at least one thing they wanted. It does not make sense that it is legal for the committeecommittee to not even open the ballots and take into account the votes of many Americans. Hopefully the new president Rutherford Hays will be a successful president even though the way he made it into office wasn’t quite fair.

Editorial By Mackenzie McBride

Today after much intense determi-nation the decision in the Plessy vs. Ferguson Supreme Court case has been made. In a 7 to 1 decision the court has ruled in favor of Ferguson and segregation. The court stated that the state of Louisiana made no violationviolation of the 14th amendment and that separate but equal was legal.

The law that this case was debating referred to railroad cars. In 1890 the state of Louisiana passed Act 111 that required separate accommoda-tions for African Americans and Whites and railroads. I also stated that accommodations must be kept equal.equal. In the original case, Homer Plessy vs. The State of Louisiana, Plessy argued that he had been denied his rights from the 13th and 14th amendments. Judge Ferguson ruled that Louisiana had the right to regulate railroad companies as long asas they were in the state boundaries. The Committee of Citizens then took Plessy’s case to the Supreme Court where he once again ran into the same problem.

Supreme Court Justice said this state-ment when summarizing the verdict “We consider the underlying fallacy of the plaintiff's argument to consist in the assumption that the enforced sepa-ration of the two races stamps the colored race with a badge of inferiority. If this be so, it is not by reason of anything found in the act, but solely because the colored race chooses to put that construction upon it.” The court did not find that there were any differences in quality between the two cars. Although this may be true there areare many other facilities such as bath-rooms and drinking fountains that may not be equal in quality. This case is sure to be a landmark in segregation and segregation might not end anytime soon.

Plessy vs. Ferguson By Mackenzie McBride

Inventions for the Future By Mark Tatum

(Collage of Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison, Railroads, and Steel)

The time of a revolution is here. Advances in technol-ogy, industry, and transportation are moving our country towards a bright future. It’s all thanks to the hard work and devotion given by ordinary people.

Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone, which is a major milestone for human communication. The only forms of communication before the telephone were written documents that had to be shipper to the receivers, and morse code that takes time to translate back to English. With the invention of the telephone, communi-cation will be much faster and much more efficient. CallersCallers will be able to hear the exact words that coming from the person that they are communicating with. This will get rid of human error in translating and misunder-standing of written text. The telephone is just one step towards what the future holds for technology. The invention of the light bulb came from the ideas of Thomas Edison. The light bulb is powered by electricity and shines a bright light which will illuminate any room. With the invention of the light bulb, many oil fueled lamps will be replaced and forgotten. The light bulb is a safer and brighter way to light up any room.

JohnJohn D. Rockefeller monopolized the oil industry and oil baron. At first his oils were being used to fuel lamps, but with the invention of the light bulb, his industry was slowly beginning to fail. Then the automobile engineer came around, which sparked the oil industry and actually saved Rockefeller’s monopoly. Oil was needed to run the engines in automobiles, so Rockefeller adjustedadjusted his oil in order to supply the automobiles with what they needed. As automobiles became more popular, the oil industry grew along with it. Oil will play a big part of the automobile industry.

Iron locomotive rails have been very unsafe and new types of metals are being tested in hopes to replace the iron rails. Researchers have tried a new metal popu-larized by Andrew Carnegie that is supposedly much stronger and safer than iron. The metal is called steel and it is createdcreated when excess carbon is removed from iron and replaced by other metals. This makes steel more sturdy than its original iron form. Steel rails were even-tually used for railroads and a standard gauge for track widths came along with the new type of rail. With the use of steel rails, the railroad industry became a more reliable and popular form of transporta-t i o n .Railroads are the fastest source of trans-portation right now, and rails are being laid throughout the country, going from coast to coast. After all the railways are completed, people will be able to reach any part of the country, in a quick and easy manor. The government has helped financefinance the railroads, which has allowed companies to be able to make many long transcontinental railways. These trans-continental railways stretch across half of the country or more, making multiple stops along the way, to accommodate for wherever passengers may want to get off. The country will be brought closer together as the railroads are being com-p l e t e d . New inventions and advances in technol-ogy are moving the United States into a new era. This era is the basis for a bright future, beginning the setup that will make our country more advanced later on.

logoWashington D.C. 1850VOL. 01 NO.001

THE DAILY NEWS