The Colonies

The Council of the Indies• Set up in Spain• Viceroys• Ruled in the colonies• In the King’s name in each district• Advisory councils and lesser officials under the

Viceroy

Spanish Colonies

Social Classes• Peninsulares• Referred to the Iberian Peninsula • Pure blood; born in Spain• Held the highest positions in govt and the church

• Creoles• Born in the Americas of Spanish blood• Owned most of the land and the wealth

Spanish Colonies

Social Classes• Mestizos• Mix of Native American and Europeans

• Mulattoes• Mix of African and Europeans

• Pure Africans & Native Americans at the bottom

Spanish Colonies

The colonies grew so fast that by 1550 Mexico City was the largest Spanish speaking

city in the entire world

Spanish Colonies

Don’t forget about mercantilism

• Spanish colonies could only export to?_______________

• Spanish colonies could only import from? ____________

• Could Spanish colonies trade with other Spanish colonies?

Spanish Colonies

• Settled originally by the Tupian Indians• In the 1530’s • Portugal issued land to nobles• Share their profits with the King

• No instant wealth of silver and gold in Portuguese colonies

Portuguese Colonies

• Exported brazilwood

• Named the colony after it• Became a highly sought after wood in Europe• Produced an expensive dye

• Tupians wiped out mostly by disease• Began importing slaves from Africa

Portuguese Colonies

• Jacques Cartier• 1534 explored the coast of Canada• Discovered the St Lawrence river• claimed much of eastern Canada for France

North America did not have vast treasures of gold and silver

And no link to Asia

French Colonies

• First permanent French settlement not until 1608• Mostly fur traders and fishermen• Called it New France• King Louis the XIV• Sent more soldiers and settlers• Set up forts, missions, and trading posts from

Canada to Louisiana • The population never really grew

French Colonies

• 1497 - John Cabot searched for a Northwest Passage to Asia• Discovered a new found land, and called it…• Newfoundland

• First permanent settlement not until 1607• Just one year before France’s first settlement• Jamestown• Not very profitable

English Colonies

• 1620 – Another group of English settlers come to North America• Pilgrims• Protestants who rejected the Church of England

• Colonies settled for profit and for freedom• Ruled by a Governor appointed by the King• But mostly self-governed by representative

assemblies

English Colonies