THE COGNITIVE PARADIGMBY: JACOB SNOW, RAJINDER SAINI AND KYLE BOUZEK

BY THE END OF THIS POWERPOINT, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO…

• Define cognitive paradigm

• Define cognitive therapy and how to use it to treat disorders

• Define related terms (e.g. illogical thinking, maladaptive assumptions)

• Define Client-centric therapy

• Identify significant figures and their contributions

SIGNIFICANT PERSONS

• Albert Ellis- developed ABCDE model because he believed that people developed irrational beliefs as a response to their preferred beliefs being blocked. Also developed cognitive-behavioral therapy and founded REBT.

• Aaron T. Beck- developed cognitive therapy in the 1960s

WHAT IS THE COGNITIVE PARADIGM?

• Belief that abnormality results from self-destructive thoughts

• Thoughts are more important than the individual behaviors

• Assumes that humans are not passively responding to external stimuli

• By creating and/or removing thought processes, abnormality can be caused or cured.

RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY(REBT)

• Practical method of assisting in coping with adversity and achieving their goals, with a focus on the present

• According to REBT, the way we think leads to our emotional and behavioral upset

• Individuals challenge their thinking that cause their unhealthy emotions (anger, depression, etc.) and maladaptive behaviors (procrastination, addictive behaviors, etc.)

• Illogical Thinking: exactly what it sounds like

• Maladaptive Assumptions: making assumptions that are not right emotionally and behaviorally

• Also similar to Cognitive Emotive Behavior Therapy (or CBT)

A.B.C.D.E MODEL OF EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE

• A is for adversity- bad stuff that happens- a trigger

• B is for belief- refers to irrational or self-destructive belief that is formed in response to the adversity

• C is for consequences- results of beliefs in person’s life

• D is for disputes- arguments against irrational beliefs that drive person away from their irrational beliefs toward rationality

• E is for effect- new emotions/behaviors that come about from the belief

FOUR D’S: DEVIANCE

• Condition or state of not conforming to societal norms

• Based on the culture that the person is presently in, not the one he/she came from

• Example: hypochondria- the belief in being sick actually causes sickness-like symptoms

• The average person does not have anything near this problem

FOUR D’S: DISTRESS

• Pain, discomfort, etc. of the person who has the disorder.

• The distress of others, while still important, does not matter in deciding whether something is abnormal or not.

• Hypochondriacs have significant problems that cause major discomfort.

FOUR D’S: DYSFUNCTION

• The inhibition of general function or activity.

• Can be physically, emotionally or otherwise limiting.

• Hypochondriacs are significantly impaired in their ability to live normal lives.

• They may stay inside more than usual, isolate themselves, take unnecessary medication, etc. that further debilitate them.

FOUR D’S: DANGER

• Major deciding factor in determining abnormality

• Question: Does this disorder cause undue harm to self or others, or at the very least, could it?

• Hypochondria can be dangerous if the person actually becomes sick as a result, but for the most part is not dangerous.

ADVANTAGES

• Helps people become aware of when they make negative interpretations of things

• Focuses in the bright side of life

• Client centric therapy: work with an individual, therapist works to find the core idea that is causing the negative thoughts

DISADVANTAGES

• Thought-process is the only thing wrong

• Introspection is subjective and hard to replicate

QUESTIONS?

• If you have any questions, speak now or forever hold your peace!!!!!!!!!!

REFERENCES

• Rational Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. (n.d.). Retrieved February 12, 2015, from http://albertellis.org/rebt-cbt-therapy/

• What is CBT | Beck Institute. (n.d.). Retrieved February 12, 2015, from http://www.beckinstitute.org/cognitive-behavioral-therapy/

• Cognitive Approach | Simply Psychology. (n.d.). Retrieved February 12, 2015, from http://www.simplypsychology.org/cognitive.html

•  Paradigms for Abnormal Behavior. (n.d.). Retrieved February 12, 2015, from http://www2.hawaii.edu/~heiby/Paradigms.html