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Robert Hooke
•Used a compound microscope•Looked at cork- saw•This reminded him of rooms in a
monastery so he called them “cells.”
•What is a theory?
•A broad explanation that is testable, and has been proved by multiple researchers.
•Components of it can be changed or improved upon, without changing the overall truth of the theory as a whole.
First Part of the Cell Theory
•All living things are made of ▫cells
•They are either:▫Unicellular-
Consisting of only ONE cell▫Multicelluar-
Consisting of MANY cells.
Second Part of the Cell Theory •A cell is the basic unit of life.
•Cells•Tissue•Organ•Organ system •Organism!
•The beginning unit is always what?▫A CELL!
Third Part of the Cell Theory
•All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Muscle
Muscle
Muscle
Skin
Skin
Skin
Muscle
Muscle
Muscle
Muscle
Organelles we will be very familiar with!• Nucleus**
▫ Nucleolus• Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough and smooth)• Ribosomes**• Golgi Apparatus• Lysosomes• Plasma (cell) membrane**• Vesicles• Mitochondria**• Cytoplasm (cytosol)• Cytoskeleton
▫ Centrioles• Vacuoles• Chloroplasts**• Cell Wall**
Two categories of cells:
•Prokaryotes•No nucleus•Majority are
unicellular•Simple- 1-2 organelles•1 job at a time•Bacteria (eu- and
archaea-)only
•Eukaryotes•Nucleus•Majority are
multicellular•Complex- 10-12
organelles•Good at Multitasking•Plants/animals/fungi/protists**THEY BOTH HAVE DNA AND
RIBOSOMES!!!**
Semi (selectively) Permeable•Semi-
▫Some •Selectively-
▫ choosey
•Permeable- ▫allows to pass
•Selectively Permeable- ▫chooses what it allows to pass through
(Does this by active and passive transport).
Cell Membrane AKA “Plasma Membrane”AKA phospholipid bilayerThe outer boundary of a cell- skin
•Job:▫To maintain homeostasis
To regulate what goes in and out of a cell
•What is homeostasis?▫Internal balance- keeping things happy
Water- loving (outside of cell- touches water)
Water- fearing (inside of sandwich- never touches water)
A.
B.
Function of:• Proteins in the membrane:
▫ Transport molecules in and out of the cell.
• Lipids in the membrane:▫ Creates a barrier between the cell and the watery
environment that is surrounding.
• Carbohydrates in the membrane:▫ Chemical signals and cell communication
•… HAVE DNA AS THEIR GENETIC MATERIAL (nucleus=euk or nucleoid=prok)
•… HAVE A CELL MEMBRANE
•… HAVE RIBOSOMES
•… HAVE CYTOPLASM
ALL CELLS…ALL CELLS…