Chapter 3

Chapter 3 Section 1

Conquistadors (Conquerors) Motto: For God, Gold, and Glory

Brought weapons, horses, and disease.

Natives did not stand a chance.

You can’t fight a gun with a bow and arrow

You can’t outrun a horse

Your won’t survive a deadly disease = no immunity

Hundreds of Spanish conquistadores conquered millions of Native Americas.

Hernan Cortes

Mexico 1519, formed alliances with the native people who had been conquered by the Aztecs.

Enters Tenochtitlan; capital of Aztec Empire.

Hernan CortesWelcomed by ruler

Moctezuma; thought they were gods.

Imprisoned Moctezuma and forced him to sign over lands and treasure to the Spanish.

1521, Cortes destroyed Tenochtitlan.

Francisco PizarroLooking for silver in

Peru; Andes Mountains.

1532, captured the Incan ruler Atahualpa, demanded riches and eventually killed him.

Seized Incan lands and claimed South America for Spain.

Disease: Small Pox

Spain’s Impact on the AmericasStole gold and silver = Spain the greatest

power in Europe.

Opened new sea routes

Brought diseases; small pox that killed millions of people.

Used native tribes against each other to get what they wanted.

Converted many to Christianity

For God, Glory and Gold

Chapter 3 Section 2

Spain's New World Pattern of Conquest

Used techniques that had been used during the reconquista (re-conquering) of Spain after having lost it to the Muslims = forcing Spanish culture onto the conquered peoples.

Ruling the Spanish EmpireCaribbean = West Indies

Viceroy: representative appointed by the King = Governor of new colonies.

Goals:

Spread Christianity

Exploit resources

Set up a new world empire

Social System Develops

The Spanish conquers married native women, creating a population of mestizos = mixed Spanish/native.

Social Hierarchy in New Spain

1. Pininsulares = People born in Spain

2. Creoles = native-born decedents of Spanish settlers

3. Mestizos = Spanish settler + native woman

4. Mulattoes = Spanish settler + African slave

5. Native Americans & African slaves

Patterns of Conquest Continued…Forced natives to

work = encomienda system.

Natives farmed, ranched or mined for Spanish landlords.

Landlords received the rights to use the Native labor from Spain.

Bartolome de Las CasasSpanish priest

Condemned the evils of the encomienda system

Sent reports to the King about the poor treatment of Natives.

1542, Spain passed laws that forbade the enslavement of Natives; Spain was to far away to enforce it.

Setters started bring over Africans

Conquistadors Push NorthSpain continued

exploration = southern coast (Florida)

1540-1541, Francisco Vasquez de Coronado led an expedition into Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas.

Searching for the lost city of gold

Conquistadors Push North

1609-1610, Spanish missionaries = goal convert natives to Catholicism

Settled along the upper Rio Grande building Santa Fe

1680, the Pueblo Revolt = kicked the Spanish out for several years but eventually they returned.

Chapter 3 Section 3

Competing Claims: Who Gets What?

Mid 1500s the French, English, and Dutch all set sail for the Americas.

Looking for gold/silver but didn’t find any.

Despite the lack of treasure, each set up a colony in the New World

New France

New England

New Netherland.

New France

1534, Jacques Cartier, and began traveling up a river he named the St. Lawrence.

Jesuit missionaries followed = little success in converting the natives.

New France

The first permanent settlement = Quebec.

To cold for farming but they could make a huge profit off of furs, which were popular in Europe.

New France

1673, French were exploring the Mississippi River Valley.

Claimed the entire Valley for France, naming it Louisiana in honor of the French King Louis XIV

New France: A Trading EmpireNew France did not attract many colonists.

1600s Louis sent soldiers and settlers to populate the colony.

But had forbidden Protestants from going to the colony because he was Catholic.

1760, population = 65,000, mostly men and priests

Most of the settlers became fur trappers living out in the wilderness.

Native Interaction France = good

Other Europeans = bad

French settlers did not create permanent settlements.

Instead they traded with the Natives for fur, intermarried with Native women, and created a mutually beneficial working relationship.

New England 1607, London company founded a colony in

North America

Virginia; built a base camp naming it Jamestown.

Disaster: the settlers were more interested in finding gold, than planting crops.

During the first few years 7 out of every 10 people died of hunger, disease, or battles with natives.

New England: Religious Issues Lead to an Influx of Colonists

Reformation = religious persecution.

1620, The Pilgrims founded Plymouth colony located in Massachusetts.

North America became a safe haven for religious groups coming from Europe.

English Colonies Grow

Three types of English colonies:

Commercial Ventures: Virginia, New York

Religious Groups: Massachusetts (Pilgrims), Pennsylvania (Quakers), and Maryland (Catholics).

Gifts from the King: Georgia, South Carolina

Making Money

New England:

Fishing, timber and shipbuilding industries

Middle Colonies:

Grain

South:

Cash crops: tobacco and rice (plantation system)

GovernmentEuropean colonies were ruled by

governors appointed by their king.

BUT… the English colonies could create their own representative assembly, elected by men with property, who advised the governor.

New Netherland/New Amsterdam

1609, Dutch explore the area around modern day New York.

Claim the region; New Amsterdam; later became New York City.

Welcomed colonists from all over Europe.

The Struggle for North America

1664, King Charles II of England gave his brother, the Duke of York, permission to take New Amsterdam.

The Dutch gave it up and it was renamed New York.

French and Indian War 1754, England’s colonial population is expanding

and pushing west into French territory.

Extension of a war between France, England and Spain = The Seven Years War.

Treaty of Paris: Ended the war. France gave Canada and land east of the

Mississippi to Britain.

A small part of the Louisiana territory went to Spain.

France gained islands in the Caribbean and slave trading outposts in Africa.