Tez-2009.-XX Chikob. Sakitx. sakitkhavebi/XX.pdf · 4. n. yoxoneliZe, mimarTvis formebi r. inaniSvilis enaSi 5. r. ykadua, aaaa- prefiqsis adgilisa da funqciisaTvis svanuri enis zmnur

arnold Ciqobavas enaTmecnierebis instituti

arnold Ciqobavasarnold Ciqobavasarnold Ciqobavasarnold Ciqobavas sakiTxavebisakiTxavebisakiTxavebisakiTxavebi

XX

2009 wlis 14-17 aprili

m a s alebim a s alebim a s alebim a s alebi

Tbilisi 2009

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mumumumuSaSaS aS aoooobis gegbis gegbis gegbis geg mam am am a

14 14 14 14 apriliapriliapriliaprili, 11 11 11 11 sasasasaaaaaTiTiTiTi

l . e z u g b a i a, Sesavali sitKva

1. v. S e n g e l i a, fragmentebi mogonebidan akademikos ar-

nold Ciqobavaze. XXIX-XXXVI

2. i. a s a T i a n i, batoni arnold Ciqobava, mecnieri, moGvawe, moZGvari _ misi mowafisaTvis

3. T. u T u r g a i Z e, ----anananan sufiqsisaTvis mediumTa formebSi

4. g. g o g o l a S v i l i, zmniswini da dro-kiloTa sistema (ramdenime faqti da ramdenime kiTxva)

5. a. a r a b u l i, l. b i n i a S v i l i, l. s o x a Z e, sa-leqsikono statiis redaqtirebis ramdenime aspeqtisa-Tvis (erTi zmnuri budis magaliTze)

6. m. q u r d i a n i, uZvelesi iranuli sociolingvisturi modeli da misi mniSvneloba mezobeli qveKnebis enobrivi politikis formirebaze (saqarTvelos magaliTze)

7. m. C u x u a, protokavkasiuri fuZe-enis leqsikuri Sedge-nilobisaTvis (dro, ca, mnaTobebi, bunebis movlenebi)

8. l. s a n i k i Z e, w(<wa), wa, z segmentebi bacburi (wova-TuSuri) enis ricxviT saxelebSi

9. n. m a y a v a r i a n i, mwerTa afxazuri saxelwodebebis se-mantikur-struqturuli analizi

10. l. a z m a i f a r a S v i l i, zog nacvalsaxelur formaTa Sesaxeb kaxeTSi mosaxle xunZebis metKvelebaSi (Kvarlis r-nis sof. Tivis metKvelebis mixedviT)

11. d. a x v l e d i a n i, saTaurebisa da saxelwodebebis mar-Tlweris Sesaxeb

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15151515 apapapapririririlililili, 11111111 sa sa sa saaaaaTiTiTiTi

1. m. G l o n t i, wuTis semantikuri funqciisaTvis qar-

TulSi

2. p. c x a d a i a, sami kolxuri mikrohidronimis struqtu-rul-semantikuri analizi (mionCurafu, dudiS owKvita-fu, saorgio) 1. mionCurafu.

3. n. a r d o t e l i, sabrunebeli saxelis fuZis warmoebi-saTvis xunZur enaSi

4. t. g u r g e n i Z e, zogi ram inkluziv-eqskluzivis kate-goriis Sesaxeb

5. e. g i u n a S v i l i, saSualo sparsuli geografiuli terminologiis kvlevis sakiTxebisaTvis qarTul wKaroeb-Si

6. T. b u r y u l a Z e, msazGvrel-sazGvrulis adgilisaTvis saSual qarTulSi

7. k. m i T a g v a r i a, saxeluri sitKvawarmoeba adiGeurSi. I reduplikacia

8. n. J o r Z e n a Z e, `jurnalistis orTografiul-stilis-tikuri leqsikoni~

9. n. x a r C i l a v a, qalis qonebis aGmniSvneli erTi ter-minis Sesaxeb samurzaKanoSi

10. n. m a m i s e i S v i l i, sizmari da ocneba fuZeTa kavSi-risaTvis qarTulSi

11. d. a n f i m i a d i, TanxmovanTa vokalizaciis Sesaxeb qarTul musikalur enaSi

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16 16 16 16 apapapapririririlililili, 11 11 11 11 sasasasaaaaaTiTiTiTi

1. i. C a n t l a Z e, f. v a n i l i S i, lazur tiponimTa sis-

tema ,,didi nenafonas~ mixedviT

2. c. b a r a m i Z e, kilos formobrivi da funqciuri da-tvirTva da hipotaqsis CamoKalibebis gzebi Tabasaranul enaSi

3. e. g a z d e l i a n i, mravlobiTi ricxvis ----uuuu, , , , ----i’dui’dui’dui’du su-fiqsebis Sesaxeb svanurSi

4. n. y o x o n e l i Z e, mimarTvis formebi r. inaniSvilis enaSi

5. r. y k a d u a, aaaa- prefiqsis adgilisa da funqciisaTvis svanuri enis zmnur formebSi

6. r. S e r o z i a, `vefxistKaosnis leqsikidan~ II

7. m. C a C a n i Z e, denotacia-konotaciis dialeqtika da Ta-namedrove leqsikografiis tendenciebi

8. c. J a n J G a v a, pirveli piris subieqtis ormagi aGniSvna megrulSi

9. q. m a r g i a n i -s u b a r i, svanuris specifikuri Turme-obiTebis afiqsaciisaTvis

10. n. o T i n a S v i l i, sofel wirqolis onomastika

11. m. b a r i x a S v i l i, nasesxebi leqsika udiur enasa da ingilour dialeqtSi

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17 17 17 17 apapapapririririlililili, 11111111 sa sa sa saaaaaTiTiTiTi

1. n. q u T e l i a, diaqroniuli fonotaqtika da sistemis elementTa transformacia

2. c. a x v l e d i a n i, konsonantur JgufTa Seswavlis prin-cipebi /romanul enaTa masalaze/

3. T. v a S a k i Z e, martivi winadadebis sintaqsuri meqaniz-misaTvis Tanamedrove qarTulSi

4. S. g a b i s k i r i a, `vefxitKaosnis~ ori anTroponimis warmomavlobisaTvis (rosani, dularduxti)

5. S. f u t k a r a Z e, zedsarTav saxelebTan dakavSirebuli Taviseburebani imerxeulSi

6. m. r o b a q i Z e, `sitKvis~ Sinaarsobrivi aspeqtebis Sesa-xeb Zvel qarTul da Zvel somxur enebSi

7. h. C i m q e, odnaobis semantikis SeSeSeSe---- zmniswinian formaTa gadmocemis saSualebani TurqulSi

8. n. b a r T a i a, nestan-dareJanis interpretaciasTan dakav-SirebiT

9. r. l o l u a, albanuri leqcionaris amokiTxvisaTvis

10. n. d o l i Z e, guruli dialeqti sxvadasxva janris teq-stebSi

11. T. p a p i a S v i l i, samSeneblo nagebobaTa aGmniSvneli terminebi afxazur enaSi

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l e v a n a z m a i f a r a S v i ll e v a n a z m a i f a r a S v i ll e v a n a z m a i f a r a S v i ll e v a n a z m a i f a r a S v i l i

zog nacvalsaxelur formaTa Sesaxeb kaxeTSizog nacvalsaxelur formaTa Sesaxeb kaxeTSizog nacvalsaxelur formaTa Sesaxeb kaxeTSizog nacvalsaxelur formaTa Sesaxeb kaxeTSi mosaxle xunZebis metKvelebaSi mosaxle xunZebis metKvelebaSi mosaxle xunZebis metKvelebaSi mosaxle xunZebis metKvelebaSi ((((Kvarlis rKvarlis rKvarlis rKvarlis r----nis sofnis sofnis sofnis sof. . . . Tivis metKvelebis mixedviTTivis metKvelebis mixedviTTivis metKvelebis mixedviTTivis metKvelebis mixedviT))))

cnobilia, rom saliteraturo xunZurSi (resp. Crdilour xunZurSi) ar gvxvdeba III piris nacvalsaxelTa formebi. maT funqcias aq, rogorc wesi, CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi asrule-ben: dodododo----vvvv (I kl.), dodododo----�� (II kl.), dodododo----bbbb (III kl.) ìs~, dodododo----llll (mr.r.) ìsini~.

sxvagvari viTarebaa am mxriv anwuxurSi; magaliTad, sof. Tivis mkvidr anwuxelTa toxur-yadaqolour TqmaSi III piris nacvalsaxelTa sakuTari formebi moipoveba, anu pirisa da Cve-nebiTi nacvalsaxelebi TvalsaCinodaa diferencirebuli. anwu-xurSi III piris nacvalsaxelebad gvevlinebian GGGG----aaaa (I kl.), GGGG----eeee (II kl.), GGGG----abababab (III kl.) ìgi~, GGGG----alalalal (mr. r.) ìsini~. magaliTebi: Ga tva ìgi (kaci) wavida~, Ge tva ìgi (qali) wavida~, Gab lÀíd hububona? ès vin gaakeTa?~, Gal lÀá rugu ìsini aq arian~...

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebia anwuxurSi dddd----aaaa (I kl.), dddd----eeee (II kl.), dddd----abababab (III kl.), dddd----alalalal (mr.r.). magaliTebi: da muh>amad vula ài, is muhamadi aris~, de aminaT �ula ài, is aminaTi aris~, dab Cu bula ài, is cxeni aris~... swored am formebs Seesa-tKviseba Crdilouri xunZuris ddddoooo----vvvv, , , , dodododo----��, , , , dodododo----bbbb, , , , dodododo----l l l l Cvene-biTi (aseve III piris) nacvalsaxelebi.

III piris nacvalsaxelTa anwuxuri formebis Sesaxeb cno-bebi ar moipoveba il. cercvaZis naSromSi (ànwuxuri dialeq-ti~. 1948), maT sagangebod arc S. miqailovi gamoKofs, Tumca mis monografiaSi (`Очерки аварской диалектологии”, 1959) gvxvdeba am nacvalsaxelTa Semcveli calkeuli frazebi, mag., aseTebi: Ga tva dvax ìgi (kaci) wavida iqiT~, Ge tva dex ìgi (qali) wavida iqiT~... am frazebsac mkvlevari sxva sakiTxebze msJelo-bisas moixmobs sailustraciod. nacvalsaxelTa es formebi Se-tanili aqvT Tavis sitKvaTkrebulSi a. kibriksa da s. koZasovs

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(`Сопоставительное изучение дагестанских языков. Имя. Фонетика”,

1990). anwuxuris GGGGaaaa (I kl.), GGGGeeee (II kl.), GGGGaaaabbbb (III kl.), GGGGalalalal (mr.

r.) piris nacvalsaxelTa SesatKvisad Crdilour xunZurSi gvev-linebian CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi GGGGovovovov (I kl.), GGGGoooo�� (II kl.), GGGGobobobob (III kl.), GGGGolololol (mr. r.). arn. Ciqobavasa da il. cercvaZis varaudiT, Crdilouri xunZuris oooo xmovniani variantebisaTvis samxrulis aaaa xmovniani variantebi unda iKos amosavali: GGGGovovovov < GGGGavavavav, dovdovdovdov < davdavdavdav. anwuxurSi I klasisaTvis rom GGGGaaaa gvaqvs, xolo II klasisaTvis GGGGeeee,,,, es fonetikuri cvlilebiT aris gamowveuli, kerZod, difTongTa gamartivebis Sedegia, rac samxrul xunZur dialeqtebSi gavrcelebuli movlenaa (S. miqailovi, arn. Ciqo-bava, il. cercvaZe... ): GaGaGaGa < GGGGavavavav (aaaa < avavavav), GGGGeeee < GGGGaaaa�� (eeee < aaaa��).

mTavari ki is aris, rom Crdilouri xunZuris CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli GGGGovovovov, romelic fonetikurad kanonzomierad See-satKviseba anwuxuris GGGGaaaa piris nacvalsaxels, amave dros mkveT-rad gamoirCeva ukanasknelisagan funqciur-semantikuri Tval-sazrisiT: Crdilouri xunZuris GGGGovovovov (I kl.), GGGGoooo�� (II kl.), GGGGobobobob (III kl.), GGGGolololol (mr.r.) nacvalsaxelebi miuTiTeben dabal adgi-las mKof pirze an saganze, mag., gorakze mdgomi gorakis Ziras mKofis Sesaxeb ambobs: GGGGovovovov ìs, vinc dabla imKofeba (p. usla-ri, arn. Ciqobava, il. cercvaZe...); anwuxurSi ki GGGGaaaa (I kl.), GGGGeeee (II kl.), GGGGabababab (III kl.), GGGGalalalal (mr. r.) III piris nacvalsaxelebad gamoiKenebian da sivrcesTan mimarTebis TvalsazrisiT neitra-lurni arian. aGsaniSnavia, rom saliteraturo xunZurSi adre Kofila mcdeloba III piris nacvalsaxelebad zogadi mniSvnelo-biT (sivrcisagan ganKenebulad) swored GGGGovovovov, GGGGoooo��, GGGGobobobob, GGGGolololol formaTa SemoGebisa, magram amas Sedegi ar mohKolia.

III piris nacvalsaxelebi anwuxurSi Taviseburebas avlenen brunebis drosac:

G G G G----aaaa (I kl.) GGGG----eeee (II kl.) GGGG----abababab (III kl.) GGGG----alalalal (mr.r.)

erg. GGGG----aaaa----ssss ´́́́ erg. GGGG----aaaa----llllÀ´À´À´À´ erg. GGGG----aaaa----zzzz

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magram sxva brunvebSi gveqneba aseTi saxis formebi: naT. usususus ´́́́----uuuu----llll naT. uuuu----llllÀ´À´À´À´----uuuu----llll naT. uuuu----zzzz----uuuu----llll mic. uuuu----ssss ´́́́----uuuu----bbbb----eeee mic. uuuu----llllÀ´À´À´À´----uuuu----bbbb----eeee mic. uuuu----zzzz----uuuu----bbbb----eeee erTi da imave piris metKvelebaSi paralelurad SeiZleba

Segvxvdes gansxvavebuli formebi, mag., uuuu----ssss ´́́́----uuuu----llll // GGGG----aaaa----ssss ´́́́----uuuu----llll `misi~ da a.S. : yad usúl (//Gasúl) roK KaGri `cecxlma misi saxli dawva~. orivenairad SeiZlebao. saerTod, unda iTqvas, rom sof. Tivis anwuxur metKvelebaSi iSviaTi ar aris parale-lurad xmareba erTi da imave sitKvis ramdenadme gansxvavebuli variantebisa, xolo es viTareba ver aixsneba martooden Sida procesebis gavleniT. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom xunZebi TivSi anwuxis Temis sxvadasxva soflebidan arian Camosaxlebulni da, Sesabamisad, adgili aqvs sxvadasxva TqmebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel fonetikur, morfologiur Tu leqsikur movlenaTa Serevas, rac Tavs iCens xolme idioleqtis donezec, paralelur for-maTa arsebobis saxiT.

aqve aGvniSnav sxva nacvalsaxelur formaTa Taviseburebe-bis Sesaxebac.

sof. Tivis metKelebaSi kiTxviTi nacvalsaxeli ssss ´́́́iiii----b b b b (`ra~) arc Tu iSviaTad SeiZleba ixmarebodes III klasis ----bbbb su-fiqsis gareSe, mag., sí dulÀ biS? `ra Tqvi?~, sí du bat¾mon? `ra ginda?~, s¾i jo hab? `ra aris es?~ da sxva.

dasturdeba ganusazGvrel nacvalsaxelTa erTob Tavise-buri kompozituri formebi: sosososo„„„„agiagiagiagiCiCiCiCi // sosososo„„„„aaaa��CiCiCiCi `vinme~, sosososo„„„„agiagiagiagijjjjoooo // sosososo„„„„aaaa��jjjjoooo `rame~. magaliTebi:

so„a�Ci sólvons´ lÀáx? `vinme movida aq?~, bosun so„a�jo! àiGe rame!~...

saliteraturo xunZurisaTvis aseTi formebi ucxoa. am formebSi warmodgenilia ricxviTi saxeli sosososo èr-

Ti~(yadaqolouri warmoTqmiT: SoSoSoSo). ----„„„„agiagiagiagi---- // ----„„„„aaaa��---- elementi, romlis warmomavlobac gaurkvevelia, rogorc Cans, ganu-sazGvrelobis mniSvnelobas unda sZendes sitKvas. sitKva sosososo----

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„„„„agiagiagiagi (anda SSSSoooo----„„„„agiagiagiagi yadaqolouri warmoTqmiT) gvxvdeba agreT-ve Sedgenil zmnisarTSi sosososo„„„„agi mexagi mexagi mexagi mex ´́́́ (yad. SoSoSoSo„„„„agi mexagi mexagi mexagi mex ´́́́) òdesGac~ (mexmexmexmex ´́́́ `dro~).

zmnis uarKofiT formebTan eseni uarKofiTi nacvalsaxe-lis mniSvnelobas iZenen: dida so„agiCi vex½eyu `me veravin vna-xe~, t¾ogulo heb tex½ so„�iCi�s´x àr misce es wigni aravis!~, dida so„a�jo biwboh>naru `me araferi mesmis~...

am formaTa daboloebebSi sul iolad gamoiKofa sitKvebi CiCiCiCi `kaci, adamiani~ (so„agi-Ci) da jojojojo `nivTi, sagani~ (so„agi-jo).

gvxvdeba amgvaradve Sedgenili kidev erTi ganusazGvreli nacvalsaxeli, romelic ufro konkretuli mniSvnelobiT gamoiKeneba da. ase vTqvaT, `vinme qals~ gulisxmobs: sosososo----„„„„aaaa��----„„„„adam adam adam adam `qali vinme~ („adam `qali~): so„ai„adamalÀ´ huburis´ hab h>alti? `vinmem (igulisxmeba qali) gaakeTa es saqme?~ da sxva.

d i a n ad i a n ad i a n ad i a n a a n f i m i a d ia n f i m i a d ia n f i m i a d ia n f i m i a d i TanxmovanTa vokalizaciisTanxmovanTa vokalizaciisTanxmovanTa vokalizaciisTanxmovanTa vokalizaciis Sesaxeb Sesaxeb Sesaxeb Sesaxeb qarTul musikalur enaSiqarTul musikalur enaSiqarTul musikalur enaSiqarTul musikalur enaSi

musikaluri ena, iseve rogorc sametKvelo ena, niSanTa

sistemas warmoadgens da aGmiSvnelisa da aGsaniSnis urTier-TmimarTebis principebs eqvemdebareba,

am SemTxvevaSi aGsaniSns warmoadgens musikaluri frazis, Tu mTliani nawarmoebis melodiuri arsi _ melodikuri struqtura, xolo misi konkretuli ganxorcieleba konkretu-li harmoniis gamoKenebiT, aGmniSvneli iqneba.

Koveli musikaluri ena myidro kavSirSia sametKvelo enasTan.

sametKvelo enis vokaluroba Tu konsonantizmi, ritmi, melodikuri struqtura, metKvelebis tempi, mniSvnelovan ga-

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vlenas axdens musikalur enaze, metic, gavlena xorcieldeba dialeqtur donezec.

es gavlena ufro TvalSi sacemia Tu saqme gvaqvs voka-lur musikasTan anu iseT musikalur fenomenTan, romelic teqstisa (enobrivi narativis) da musikaluri frazis kombina-ciis Sedegad iqmneba.

aseT SemTxvevaSi urTierTgavlena ufro cxadi da advi-lad dasanaxia.

qarTul xalxur simGerebsa da saeklesio sagaloblebSi Tanxmovnebs vokalizaciisa da calke musikaluri marcvlis Seqmnis unari aqvT:

Tanxmovans erTvis e.w. naxevarxmovani, Sedegad warmoiqmne-ba damoukidebeli musikaluri marcvali.

is faqti, rom Kvelaze xSirad aseTi unariT sonorebi gamoirCevian, gvavaraudebinebs, rom aqac iseTive principi mo-qmedebs, rogorc saerToqarTvelur enaSi, sadac, samecniero literaturaSi arsebuli Tvalsazrisis Sesabamisad, sonantebs xmovnis funqcia da marcvlis Seqmnis unari hqondaT.

aseTi fonetikuri movlena dasturdeba, rogorc qarTul xalxur simGerebsa da glosolaliebSi, agreTve qarTul li-turgikaSi, kerZod galobaSi.

aGsaniSnavia, rom e.w. `gamSvenebul~ galobaSi, sadac mu-sikaluri frazis gamdidreba zedmeti xmovnebis CarTvis xarJze xdeba, Tanxmovnebi mainc calke musikalur marcvals qmnian.

es faqti, saerToqarTveluri movlenaa da qarTuli musi-kaluri enis saintereso Taviseburebas warmoadgens.

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a v T a n d i l a r a b u la v T a n d i l a r a b u la v T a n d i l a r a b u la v T a n d i l a r a b u l iiii,,,, l a l i b i n i a S v i l l a l i b i n i a S v i l l a l i b i n i a S v i l l a l i b i n i a S v i l iiii,,,, l i d a s o x a Z el i d a s o x a Z el i d a s o x a Z el i d a s o x a Z e

saleqsikono statiis redaqtirebis ramdenimesaleqsikono statiis redaqtirebis ramdenimesaleqsikono statiis redaqtirebis ramdenimesaleqsikono statiis redaqtirebis ramdenime aspeqtisaTvis aspeqtisaTvis aspeqtisaTvis aspeqtisaTvis ((((erTi zmnuri budis magaliTzeerTi zmnuri budis magaliTzeerTi zmnuri budis magaliTzeerTi zmnuri budis magaliTze))))

romelime leqsikuri erTeulis sruli saleqsikono ga-

formeba rom sitKvis formawarmoebiTi da semantikuri mimar-Tebebis, misi funqcionaluri SesaZleblobebis kompleqsur, mravalaspeqtur gaTvaliswinebas moiTxovs, es, zogadad, Kvela-saTvis naTelia. magram ramdenad mravalwaxnagovania am aspeqt-Ta urTierTgadakveTis SesaZleblobani, es mxolod konkretu-li nimuSis saleqsikono `montajisas~ xdeba xelSesaxebi. aq, we-sisamebr, Tavs iKris rogorc leqsikur-semantikuri sistemis, ise gramatikuli paradigmatikisa da sintagmatikis sakvanZo problemebi da, Cveulebrivi kvlevisagan gansxvavebiT, Tavad ana-lizis, klasifikaciisa da kvalifikaciis procesi laboratori-uli `sinTezuri reduqciis~ doneze rCeba...

am rigis zogi problemis warmosaCenad SeiZleba aviGoT erTi zmnuri budis (`rbis~) statiebis redaqtirebis suraTi qeglis II tomidan. ZiriTadi statia (Zveli redaqciisa):

garbi-s (mxolod nakvTTa awmyos wyebaSi) grduv. stat. sirbiliT midis, _ mirbis. kato xarxariT garboda qvemoTken (n.

lom.). [patara biWuna] kisristexiT garboda (a. bel.). || gadat. swrafad midis, miiwevs. _ saxlidan garbis. _ ZaRli Sin ar vargodao, sanadirod garbodao (andaza). bevri SeSis damwveli malimal tyeSi garbodao (andaza).

es statia, Tu ganmartebiTi leqsikoni ilustrirebuli

ar aris, ZiriTadad akmaKofilebs leqsikografiul moTxovnebs (Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviGebT gramatikuli kvalifikaciis sa-kiTxs). magram empiriuli monaceme- bis aGniSnuli ZiriTadi aspeqtebiT sistematizaciam statiis sruliad axali redaqcia moiTxova:

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garbi-s grduv. 1. (mxolod nakvTTa awmyos wyebaSi) darbis; mi-rbis. bevri SeSis damwveli malimal tyeSi garbodao (andaza). daTvi ufro magra garbis Tu melas ufro grZeli kudi aqvs? (`forum. Gol. ge~). aris erTi vai-uSvelebeli, garbian da gamorbian eqTnebi da eqimebi (`karavi~). eCveneboda, rom ayvavebul dekianSi garbian isa da qali (g. Cox.). bevri laparaki uyvarT, an kidev sul sadRac garbian da mainc ve-rafers aswreben (`qarT. safix.~). figur. garbian, erTmaneTs eWidebian

gzispira balaxebi (r. inan.). 2. (iyen. gairbina, gaurbenia) sirbiliT gaivlis raime monakveTs, gadis raime manZils. xSirs SemTxvevaSi daTvi garbis kai did manZils daWrili (`Tbil. for.~). monawileni rig-rigobiT akeTeben gadacemebs, ris Semdeg monawile garbis jgufis bolo-

mde marjvena mxridan da dgeba boloSi (`lem.~). ◊ dro (Tve, weliwa-di) garbis dro swrafad midis. garboda dro da dRes Rame sdevda

(g. abaS.). weliwadic male garboda (T. natr.). 3. (ivs. gaiqca, gaqceu-la) sirbiliT midis, _ mirbis (sadRac). kato xarxariT garboda qvemoTken (n. lom.). orRobeSi... saxlidan perangis amara gamovardnili biWuna garbis (g. maRul.). mama wamoxteboda loginidan, piris dasabanad

garboda (T. natr.). ◊ kisristexiT garbis Zalian swrafad mirbis. [patara biWuna] kisristexiT garboda (a. bel.). rogorc ki ded-mama (= dinozavri) sanadirod wavidoda, orive kisristexiT garboda Walisaken

(i. malac.). ◊ Tavqudmoglejili garbis igivea, rac k i s r i s -t e x i T g a r b i s. Tavqudmoglejili garboda TviTon mTavarsarda-li Sahverd sulTan ziad-oRli! (l. sanik.). xmaurs gavigebdiT da korpu-

sebidan Tavqudmoglejili gavrbodiT (`kv. palit.~). 4. gadat. saidanme midis; (swrafad) tovebs, scildeba raime adgils. ZaRli Sin ar vargodao, sanadirod garbodao (andaza). didi da patara foTisaken ga-rboda (g. wereT.). Sen exla garbixar Cemgan (mem. abaS.). [sportsmenebi] xaliCidan daoTxilni garbodnen (r. WeiSv.).

warmodgenili zmnuri saleqsikono erTeulis semantikur-

funqcionalurma analizma pirvel rigSi warmoaCina, rom zmnu-

ri forma gagagagarbirbirbirbi-s sami sxvadasxva paradigmis wevria (resp. sawKi-si erTeulia). pirveli nakluli paradigmaa, xolo ori danar-Ceni, semantikuri SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, orgvarad aris Canacvlebuli (Sevsebuli) sxva fuZiT _ imave Ziris mas-daris fuZiT (rbenrbenrbenrben-/rbinrbinrbinrbin-) da supleturi fuZiT (qcevqcevqcevqcev-). pir-vel paradigmas ganamtkicebs amave Ziris Semdegi fuZeebi: rbirbirbirbi-s,

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dadadadarbirbirbirbi-s (mxolod nakvTTa awmKos wKebaSi); meores: gadagadagadagadarbirbirbirbi-s, gadmogadmogadmogadmorbirbirbirbi-s (gadairbin-a...); xolo mesames _ gagagagaururururbibibibi-s, gamogamogamogamourururur----

bibibibi-s (gaeqc-a...).

n on on on o d a r a rd a r a rd a r a rd a r a r d od od od o t et et et e l il il il i sasasasabrubrubrubrunenenenebebebebeli sali sali sali saxexexexelis fulis fulis fulis fuZis warmoZis warmoZis warmoZis warmoeeeebibibibisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis xunxunxunxunZur enaZur enaZur enaZur enaSiSiSiSi

1. xunZur enaSi saxelTa brunebisas unda gairCes oTxi

saxis fuZe: a) bazisuri (resp. aramarkirebuli, wminda) fuZe, romelic saxelobiTi brunvis formas etoleba; b) ìrib~ brun-vaTa (resp. markirebuli) fuZe; g) mravlobiTi ricxvis bazisuri fuZe; d) mravlobiTi ricxvis irib brunvaTa fuZe.

saxelobiTi brunvis mzamzareuli forma fuZed miiCneva imis gamo, rom nulovani morfemiT aris warmodgenili da or-fuZiani brunebisas saKrdeni odenobaa iribi fuZis sawarmoeb-lad, magaliTad: sax. bawbawbawbaw `mgeli~ _ erg. bawbawbawbaw-iiii-cccc ´́́́aaaa (ir. fuZ. bawbawbawbaw-iiii-), sax. icicicic ´́́́ `wKaro~ _ erg. icicicic ´́́́-uuuu-ccccáaaa (ir. fuZ. icicicic ´́́́-uuuu-), sax. nananana `futkari~ _ erg. nananana-��-iiii-cccc ´́́́aaaa (ir. fuZ. nananana-��-iiii-) da sxv.

saxelobiTSi gvxvdeba rogorc TanxmovanfuZiani (metwi-lad), ise xmovanfuZiani (naklebad) saxeli. masTan, xmovanfuZia-nad miCneuli saxelobiTSi mdgari zogi saxeli cveTis gamo Se-iZleba TanxmovanfuZiani aGmoCndes (wa `cecxli~ _ erg. wadwadwadwad-uuuu-cccc ´́́́aaaa _ ir. fuZ. wadwadwadwad-uuuu-...).

2. ergativisa da irib brunvaTa sawarmoebeli fuZis fo-nematuri struqtura amgvaria: wminda fuZe (resp. saxelobiTis forma)1 + fuZis formanti (`damakavSirebeli xmovani~, `fuZis

1 saxelobiTis forma da wminda (aramarkirebuli) fuZe gairCeva im

TvalsazrisiT, rom wminda fuZe fonetikurad SeiZleba modificirebuli iKos, mag.: sax. qeren `mkerdi~ _ wminda fuZe qaran-, sax. zani `KorGani~ _ wminda fuZe. zon- da a. S.

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savrcobi~...) + brunvis niSani, mag.: sax. rak _ erg. rek-e-cá (ir. fuZ. rek-e-), mic. rek-e-�-e, naT. rek-e-l, sax. mow´ `mTvare~ _ erg. mow´-ro-cá (ir. fuZ. mow´-ro-), mic. mow´-ro-{�}-e, naT. mow´-ro-l da mr. sxv.

irib brunvaTa sawarmoebel sufiqsad Kvela xmovani gamoiKeneba, Tumca -e- Zalian iSviaTad SeiniSneba. garda xmov-

niTi elementebisa, fuZis markerad gvxvdeba -VC, -CV struqtu-ris marcvlovani elementebi. amgvari elementebis brunvis ni-SanTaTvis mikuTvneba [megreliZe 1940: 133; Tofuria 1987: 193] gaumarTlebelia, vinaidan xdeba sxvadasxva qronologiuri donis, sxvadasxva genezisisa da funqciis elementebis erTi mo-rfologiuri afiqsisadmi daqvemdebareba. odindeli klasifika-torebi, romlebic reinterpretirdnen brunvis niSnebad, mTlianad daicalnen klas-niSnis gagebisagan da e. w. Tanmxleb xmovnebsac aGar Txouloben. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, ar aris au-cielebeli brunvis niSani iKos -VC (-CV) struqturisa, roca isini metwilad calTanxmovniania. garda amisa, ergativsa da irib brunvebSi xmovniTi elementi ucvlelia, rac damatebiTi argumentia, rom am rigis xmovnebi (sax. Ked `kedeli~ _ erg. Kad-aaaa-cá...) brunvis niSanTa kuTvnilebad ar miviCnioT.

3. atributuli brunebis dros ergativsa da irib brun-vaTa fuZeSi daCndeba -ssss´, -llllÀ´À´À´À´ elementebi, romlebic win -aaaa-s dairTaven da sxvadasxva specialistTa mier gansxvavebulad ganimartebian [ix. a. bokarevi 1949: 38; aleqseevi 1988: 13; Sdr. Ciqobava, cercvaZe 1962: 218-220; isaevi 1987: 176...].

Cveni azriT, amgvari elementebi, romelTa ekvivalentebi (-SSSS ´́́́, -llllÀ´À´À´À´ saxiT) andiur enebSi gaxmovanebis gareSe arian warmo-dgenili, SeiZleba miviCnioT irib brunvaTa fuZiseul klasifi-katorebad. istoriulad es klasifikatorebi, pirdapiri (wmin-da) fuZis klasifikatorebisagan gansxvavebiT, ergativsa da irib brunvebSi axdendnen saxelTa klasifikacias klas-katego-riis mixedviT.

amas migvaniSnebs maTi distribucia: -ssss ´́́́ gamoiKeneba I kl. saxelebTan, xolo -llllÀ´À´À´À´ ki _ II-III klasis saxelebTan. am for-

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mantTa korelacia mkafiod aris gamoxatuli da maTi aGreva ar xdeba (ra Tqma unda, Tu ar gvaqvs orazrovani saxelebi: ho-bol `stumari~, madohal `mezobeli~...).

4. miaCniaT, rom -asasasas ´́́́, -alalalalÀ´À´À´À´ (mr. r. -azazazaz) nacvalsaxeluri warmoSobis formantebia, romlebic ergatiuli brunvis niSne-bad gvevlinebian [kikviZe 1961: 350-356; Ciqobava, cercvaZe 1962: 218-220; gudava 1962: 266-271...].

Cveni azriT, I da II tipis brunebaSi, romelic atributive-bidan momdinareobs, -ssss ´́́́ (I kl.) da -llllÀ´À´À´À´ (II-III kl.) istoriulad ar asrulebdnen ergativis niSnis funqcias. marTalia, es elemente-bi ukavSirdebian CvenebiT nacvalsaxelebSi TavCenil ekvivalen-tebs, magram maTgan ar unda momdinareobdnen. CvenebiT nacvalsa-xelebSic, rogorc msazGvrelebSi, imave funqcias asrulebdnen, rasac zedsarTavebSi _ axdendnen saTanado saxelTa determina-cias klas-kategoriis mixedviT. amdenad, substantivebsa da Cvene-biT nacvalsaxelebSi es elementebi saerTo odenobania.

rac Seexeba xmovniT elements, ----aaaa- saxelobiTis formidan unda iKos fuZes gadmoKolili, mag.: sax. lÀík-aaaa-… `kargi~ _ erg. lÀík-aaaa-s´ (<*lÀík-aaaa-s´-u- < *lÀíkaaaa-s´-u-d, Sdr. Karax. ha-s´-u-d `maT~...).

metad saintereso Cvenebas iZleva bagvaluri enis ricxviT saxelTa bruneba, romelSic saxelis fuZe da irib brunvaTa formanti -SSSSúuuu- erTmaneTisagan klas-kategoriis eqsponentiT aris gaTiSuli: sax. ce-………… (I kl.) _ erg. ce-…………-Sú-r (ir. fuZ. ce…Sú-).

5. rac Seexeba mravlobiTis sabrunebel fuZes, substan-tivTa mravlobiToba specialuri niSnebiT (-abiabiabiabi, -zazazazabibibibi, -zalzalzalzal, -alalalal, -ulululul, -duldulduldul; -bibibibi, -iiii) gamoixateba, xolo atributul saxel-Ta mravlobiTobas klasifikatorebi gadmoscemen.

ergativisa da irib brunvaTa fuZe mravlobiTSic gansxva-vebulia saxelobiTisagan. irib fuZes ar gadahKveba -ulululul for-manti da auslautis xmovniTi elementi -iiii. -alalalal sufiqsi SeiZ-leba sporadulad gadahKves irib fuZes (lÀim-alalalal `bavSvebi~ _ erg. lÀim-alalalal-az...).

amrigad, xunZurSi gvaqvs ara ergativis mzamzareul for-

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maze damKarebuli orfuZiani bruneba, aramed irib brunvaTa formantiT nawarmoeb fuZeze (…asas´-u-) (`fuZis orfuZianobaze~) damKarebuli bruneba [gudava 1961: 347; Tofuria 1995: 87].

d i a n a d i a n a d i a n a d i a n a a x v l e d i a n ia x v l e d i a n ia x v l e d i a n ia x v l e d i a n i saTaurebisa da saxelwodebebis marTlweris SesaxebsaTaurebisa da saxelwodebebis marTlweris SesaxebsaTaurebisa da saxelwodebebis marTlweris SesaxebsaTaurebisa da saxelwodebebis marTlweris Sesaxeb

mxatvrul nawarmoebTa saTaurebis, sxvadasxva saxelwode-

baTa (filmis, jurnalis, gazeTis... fondis, organizaciis, par-tiis...) marTlweris sakiTxi qarTuli saliteraturo enis mo-sagvarebel (sayirboroto) sakiTxad rCeba. Cveni masalis mi-xedviT gansaxilvelia ZiriTadad Semdegi SesitKvebebi: _ msazGvreli da sazGvruli (saTauri an saxelwodeba). es Se-sitKvebebi SeiZleba or Jgufad daiKos. rodesac:

a) saTauri an saxelwodeba erTsitKviania, mag. leqsi ùk-vdaveba~, gazeTi `rezonansi~, jurnali `ciskari~, filmi `mona-nieba~;

b) saTauri an saxelwodeba orsitKviania, magram brune-badi, mag. moTxroba òTaraanT qvrivi~, romani `JaKos xiznebi~, filmi `pirveli mercxali~ da sxv.

2. Tu saTauris an saxelwodebis Semcveli SesitKveba or-ze metwevriani frazaa, an msazGvrel saxels axlavs Tavisi msazGvrelebi (atributuli an marTuli), maSin saTauri an sa-xelwodeba gankerZovdeba Tavisi msazGvrelisagan da viGebT gankerZoebul danarTs. aseT SemTxvevaSi rTuldeba da dazus-tebas moiTxovs saTaurisa da misi msazGvrelis erTad brune-bis wesi. cxadia, aseTi msazGvrel-sazGvruli gahKveba danarTi-ani saxelebis brunebis wess.

sagazeTo an mxatvruli literaturis teqstebSi gvxvdeba samgvari SemTxveva:

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1. ibrunvis rogorc saTauri, ise misi msazGvrelic. oGond mniSvneloba aqvs imas TanxmovanfuZiania igi Tu xmovan-fuZiani

2. aseTi SesitKvebebis bruneba ufro rTuldeba, Tu sa-Tauri an saxelwodeba ubrunvelia. suraTi araerTgvarovania

a) gvaqvs da da da da kavSiriani SesitKveba (gazeTi `sitKva da sa-qme~, filmi `xareba da gogia~)

b) zmnuri SesitKveba (moTxroba `KbaCam daigviana~, filmi ìsini Camovidnen mTidan~)

g) saTauri aris romelime sxva brunvaSi (leqsi `Cems das efemias~, `Kvarlis mTebs~)

3. miuxedavad imisa, rom saTauri brunebadia, igi rCeba ucvleli. ibruneba mxolod msazGvreli. saTauris ubrunvelo-ba Tanamedrove saliteraturo enis, gansakuTrebiT presisa da televiziis enis damaxasiaTebeli tendenciaa.

TviTon saTaurebis brunebis wesis dadgenaSi gvexmareba saTaurebisa da saxelwodebebis agebuleba.

c i u r i a x v l e d i a n i c i u r i a x v l e d i a n i c i u r i a x v l e d i a n i c i u r i a x v l e d i a n i konkonkonkonsosososonannannannantur Jguftur Jguftur Jguftur JgufTa SeTa SeTa SeTa Seswavswavswavswavlis prinlis prinlis prinlis princicicicipepepepebibibibi (rorororomamamamanul enanul enanul enanul enaTa maTa maTa maTa masasasasalalalalazezezeze)

gabmul metKvelebaSi bgeraTa SeerTebis kanonebi didi xania ipKrobs lingvistTa KuradGebas. tradiciul fonetikaSi ganixileboda procesebi, romlebic xdeboda kontaqturad, zogJer ki distanciurad ganlagebul bgerebs Soris; magram es mxolod erT-erTi SesaZlebeli aspeqtTagania bgeriTi kompleq-sebis analizisa. fonologiis gamoCenam ganapiroba meore aspeq-tic _ calkeul fonemaTa Jayvurad SeerTebis wesebis Seswav-la TiToeuli mocemuli enisaTvis. mesame aspeqti ki aris _ fonemaTa Jgufebis, kerZod Tanxmovnebis warmodgena gansakuT-

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rebul sistemad, aranakleb mniSvnelovnad, vidre fonemaTa sis-temaa. es aspeqti arsebiTia enaTa tipologiisaTvis.

diaqroniuli fonotaqtika ikvlevs konsonanturi Jgufe-bis sistemis evolucias, sistemis cvlilebis kanonzomierebebs mTlianobaSi, adgens konstanturi da variaciuli elementebis arsebobas. Tumca, Cveni azriT, ar SeiZleba mxolod am aspeq-tiT Semoifarglos fonotaqtikuri kvleva. Cveni kvleva warmo-ebs sitKvis rogorc erTiani mTlianobis (romlis ganuKofel nawils warmoadgens fonetikuri struqtura) gagebis pozicii-dan. am midgomiT SeiZleba ufro farTo gansazGvra mieces fo-notaqtikas, rogorc fonetikuri mecnierebis nawils, romelic Seiswavlis sitKvis fonetikur struqturas. am struqturis kerZo SemTxvevas warmoadgens konsonanturi kompleqsebis Se-swavla sitKvis SemadgenlobaSi. vfiqrobT, rom fonotaqtika aris is xidi, ramelic aerTebs fonetikasa da fonologias.

arsebobs TanxmovanTa Jgufebis ama Tu im xarisxiT gamar-tivebisa da garTulebis procesebi; gamartivebis nimuSebia:

laT. cor<cord, laT. lac<lact da sxv. garTulebis nimuSebia:

frang. chambre <laT. camera laT. homine > homne >esp. hombre da sxv. konsonanturi Jgufis rogorc ererererTi mTliTi mTliTi mTliTi mTliaaaanonononobisbisbisbis kvleva varaudobs ori procsis kvlevas: konsonanturi Jgufis mutaci-isas da konsonanturi Jgufis konservaciisas. miviCnevT, rom konsonantur JgufTa istoria romanul enebSi unda gaanaliz-des im Teoriuli poziciebidan, romlebic iTvaliswineben: 1) konsonanturi Jgufis CarTvas fonologiur sistemaSi; 2) kon-sonanturi Jgufis CarTvas bgeriT cvlilebaTa sistemur pro-cesebSi; 3) konsonanturi Jgufis CarTvas sitKvis bgeriT struqturaSi. gamoTqmuli debulebebi konsonanturi Jgufebis kompleqsuri ganxilvis saSualebas iZleva, fonologiis, fone-tikisa da fonotaqtikis, anu erTiani fonetikuri mecnierebis poziciebidan.

bgeriT elementTa statikisa da dinamikis problematikis Seswavlam, fonotaqtikis CarCoebSi, moiTxova enaTmecnierebis am dargis kategorialuri aparatis Semdgomi damuSaveba; Semo-

20

vitaneT axali samecniero cnebebi, rogorebicaa fonotaqtiku-ri potenciali, konsonanturi kompleqsebis elementTa pro-duqtiulobis xarisxi maTi poziciisda mixedviT, saerTo fono-taqtikuri fondi da sxva, rac afarToebs fonotaqtikuri Te-oriis aqamde cnobil debulebebs da amasTanave xels uwKobs fonotaqtikis Semdgom ganviTarebas.

c i r a b a r a m i Z ec i r a b a r a m i Z ec i r a b a r a m i Z ec i r a b a r a m i Z e

kiloskiloskiloskilos formobrivi da funqciuri datvirTvaformobrivi da funqciuri datvirTvaformobrivi da funqciuri datvirTvaformobrivi da funqciuri datvirTva da hipotaqsis Camoda hipotaqsis Camoda hipotaqsis Camoda hipotaqsis CamoKKKKalibebis gzebi Tabasaranul enaSialibebis gzebi Tabasaranul enaSialibebis gzebi Tabasaranul enaSialibebis gzebi Tabasaranul enaSi

Tabasaranul enaSi modaluri kategoria kilo morfosin-

taqsur odenobad CamoKalibda. semantikuradac da sintaqsura-dac aseTi winadadebis konstruqcia mogvagonebs standartul qvewKobil winadadebas. erTi mxriv, kilos gamomxatveli zmnebi srul morfologizacias ganicdian, Tumca, meore mxriv, inar-Cuneben sintaqsur Tvisebebs.

cnobilia, rom Tabasaranul enaSi ar gvaqvs mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebi, arc maqvemdebarebeli kavSirebi ganviTarebula. rTuli qvewKobili winadadeba Cveulebriv gadmoicema winada-debebiT, romlebSic warmodgenilia mimGeobebi, absolutivebi, infinitiuri, masdaruli da garemoebiTi formebi. magaliTad, miznis garemoebiTi konstruqcia rom gadmoeca, gamoiKena: haz ƒáfiS _ zedmiwevniT, `ratom, Tu itKvi~ winadadebaSi igi as-rulebs garemoebiTi winadadebis kavSiris rols da aGniSnavs ìmitom, rom~.

cxadia, hipotaqsi TabasaranulSi, iseve, rogorc daGes-tnur enebSi, sazogadod, dgas CamoKalibebis rTul gzaze. am procesSi gansakuTrebul rols asrulebs kilo, romelic Sei-cavs aTeulobiT formebs, mimarTavs analizur warmoebas da gadmogvcems sxvasxva modalur konstruqcias, zogJer gaurkveve-

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li struqturiTac ki. amgvari zmnuri formebis sruli aGwera Zalze Znelia,

gansakuTrebiT ki _ semantikuri aGwera. sirTules warmoad-gens agreTve Kvela zmnuri formisa da konstruqciis inventa-rizacia. zogierTi maTgani Zalian iSviaTad Tu gamoiKeneba da SeiZleba mkvlevars mxedvelobidanac ki gamorCes, xolo zogis-Tvis damaxasiaTebelia gramatikalizaciis umniSvnelo xarisxi. amitom SeiZleba mniSvnelovan formadac ar CavTvaloT.

moxsenebaSi mocemulia cda, CamoKalibdes kilos uCveulo struqturis Taviseburebani, am formebis semantikuri mraval-ferovneba, moxdes funqciaTa gansazGvra, da bolos, gairkves morfologiaSi Semavali sintaqsuri odenobis _ hipotaqsis formirebis gzebi. kilos situaciis Semcvel winadadebaSi gvaqvs marTvis Taviseburi modeli _ mTavari winadadebis zmnasTan subieqti umetesad ergativSia, xolo situacia, rome-lic kilos modalobas Seicavs, gadmoicema zmniT _ sitKva-formiT da igi wina _ mTavari winadadebis zmnazea damokide-buli. kilos situaciis gamomxatveli zmna ki SeiZleba iKos rogorc erTvalentiani gardauvali, orvalentiani gardamavali da, agreTve, datiuri konstruqciis mqone afeqturi zmna. da-qvemdebarebul winadadebaSi, romelic KovelTvis damokidebu-lia mTavar zmnaze, aqtantebis brunvaTa gaformeba sruladaa SenarCunebuli.

n o m a d i b a r T a i an o m a d i b a r T a i an o m a d i b a r T a i an o m a d i b a r T a i a nestannestannestannestan----dareJanis interpretaciasTan dakadareJanis interpretaciasTan dakadareJanis interpretaciasTan dakadareJanis interpretaciasTan dakavSirebiTvSirebiTvSirebiTvSirebiT

qarTuli werilobiTi Zeglebidan sakuTari saxeli nesnesnesnes----

tantantantan----dadadadarererereJaJaJaJanininini pirvelad `vefxistKaosanSia~ dafiqsirebuli. am saxelis etimologiis Sesaxeb pirvelad Teimuraz bag-

rationma (1782_1846) gamoxata Tavisi mosazreba `wignni leq-

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sikonnSi~ Semdegi saxiT: `neneneneisisisistantantantan----dadadadarJanrJanrJanrJan. neneneneinininin _ lerwami. nenenene----isisisisTanTanTanTan _ saunJe lerwamTa. dadadadarJanrJanrJanrJan sulsa Sina, anu sicocxlesa Sina _ arabulad amas niSnavs JanJanJanJan _ sicocxle, anu suli. dardardardar

_ ese sparsuli leqsi ars, romelica niSnavs Sina anu Tana-mi-sTana. tantantantan anu TanTanTanTan tani kacisa; rom dahKo marcvlebad nesnesnesnestantantantan----dadadadarererereJanJanJanJan mravali sxvadasxva saxeli gamova. dadadadararararaJaJaJaJa xarisxic aris. dadadadararararaJaJaJaJa mxmilavic aris, ese igi yarauli~ (T. bagrationi 1979).

amave leqsikonSi calkea ganmartebuli nasnasnasnas----tantantantan----JarJarJarJar----i amgva-rad _ èse sparsulis leqsiT rom ganimartos: nasnasnasnas anu nesnesnesnes _ _ _ _ nazi, qarTulad _ wKnari, Sesabamieri da anu wKnaris mSvenie-rebiT Semkobili, anu mSvenieri siwKnaris Tvisebisa. tantantantan aris sparsulad TanTanTanTan _ _ _ _ ese igi momomomorfirfirfirfi anu nanananakvTikvTikvTikvTi. . . . JarJarJarJar _ _ _ _ keTilwesi-erebiT gankarguli, anu ganmSvenierebuli. miTiTebulia, rom naxon nesnesnesnestantantantan----dadadadarererereJaJaJaJanininini.

aq saKuradGebo mxolod problemiT dainteresebaa da ara misi mecnieruli analizi.

mecnierulad ki am sakiTxs pirvelad niko mari Seexo, romelmac erTi rigis warmomavlobis sakuTari saxelebi: sesesese----fefefefedavdavdavdavleleleledadadadarisrisrisrispapapapanininini,,,, amiamiamiamiranranranrandadadadarererereJaJaJaJaninininiZeZeZeZe da maTTan erTad nesnesnesnestantantantan----

dadadadarererereJaJaJaJanininini ase daSala da axsna: sesesesefefefefedavdavdavdavleleleledadadadarisrisrisrispapapapanininini _ _ _ _ sefsefsefsef e dave dave dave davle dar isle dar isle dar isle dar ispanpanpanpan, , , , sadac

sefsefsefsef ( ( ( (← فیس /sa�sa�sa�sa�ф/ ) aris _ xmaxmaxmaxmalililili; eeee _ _ _ _ izafetis mawarmoebe-

li, davdavdavdavlalalala (← دولهı / / / /davdavdavdavlalalala/) _ qveKanaqveKanaqveKanaqveKana; dardardardar ( ( ( (← _ (/dardardardar/ در

Tand. _ Si) da isisisispanpanpanpan (← اصفھان / / / /esesesesфah‰nah‰nah‰nah‰n/ / / / ) _ isisisisfafafafahahahahanininini. mTlia-nobaSi _ فیس دوله (saisaisaisaiф e dave dave dave davla dar esla dar esla dar esla dar esфahanahanahanahan)))) _ sasasasaxelxelxelxel----

mwimwimwimwifofofofo xmaxmaxmaxmalililili isisisisfafafafahanhanhanhanSiSiSiSi (ZliZliZliZlieeeeriririri, mamamamamamamamacicicici...). amiamiamiamiranranranrandadadadarererereJaJaJaJaninininiZe Ze Ze Ze ____ amir an amir an amir an amir andardardardar((((eeee) ) ) ) JanJanJanJan,,,, sadac amiramiramiramir (←امير

////amiramiramiramir////) aris _ emiemiemiemiriririri; anananandardardardar((((eeee)))) (←اندر / / / /anananandardardardar//// ) _ _ _ _ Tand. _ SiSiSiSi

da JanJanJanJan (← جھان Jeh‰nJeh‰nJeh‰nJeh‰n/)/)/)/) _ qveKanaqveKanaqveKanaqveKana. mTlianobaSi _ امير اندر جھان

(amir anamir anamir anamir andardardardar((((eeee) ) ) ) JeJeJeJehanhanhanhan)))) _ emiemiemiemiriririri qveKniqveKniqveKniqveKnisasasasa (qveKnisqveKnisqveKnisqveKnis memememeTaTaTaTauuuuriririri, swoswoswoswo----

rurururupopopopovavavavariririri, mamamamamamamamacicicici...). nesnesnesnestantantantan----dadadadarererereJaJaJaJanininini,,,, sadac nestnestnestnest _ (← ////نست / / / /نيست nesTnesTnesTnesT

////nisTnisTnisTnisT/) /) /) /) niSnavs _ arararar arisarisarisaris, anananandardardardar((((eeee)))) _ _ _ _ ( ( ( (← اندر / / / /anananandardardardar/) /) /) /) aris

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Tand. _ SiSiSiSi da JanJanJanJan _ _ _ _ ((((← جھان / / / /Jeh‰nJeh‰nJeh‰nJeh‰n/) /) /) /) _ _ _ _ qveyana. mTlianobaSi _ -romelsac mecnieri ase iaz , , , ,((((nesTnesTnesTnesT anananandardardardar((((eeee) ) ) ) Jeh‰nJeh‰nJeh‰nJeh‰n) ) ) ) نست اندر جھان

rebs _ àrararar arisarisarisaris qveKanaqveKanaqveKanaqveKanazezezeze (msgavmsgavmsgavmsgavsisisisi)~ (`Нет в мире (подобной~) da samives ganixilavs rogorc epiTetur saxelebs (n. mari 1964: 83).

nesnesnesnestantantantan----dadadadarererereJaJaJaJanisnisnisnis irgvliv arsebuli samecniero litera-tura axali masalebiT gaamdidra aleqsandre yuluxaZem. man moiKvana metad mniSvnelovani magaliTi arabuli wKarodan _ emad ed-din isfahanelis `selCukTa istoria~ (XIs.), sadac pir-dapir aris miTiTebuli, rom nesTnesTnesTnesT anananandardardardar((((eeee) ) ) ) JeJeJeJehanhanhanhan-i aris saku-Tari saxeli: _ `masudis deda, qali Zvirfasi keTilSobili, saxelad نيست اندر جھان (nisT annisT annisT annisT andardardardar((((eeee) ) ) ) JeJeJeJehanhanhanhan)-i iKo~ (a. yuluxaZe 2008: 217).

davubrundeT isev niko mars, romlis interpretaciiT

is mniSvnelobaa _ arararar arisarisarisaris----((((nesTnesTnesTnesT anananandardardardar((((eeee)))) JeJeJeJehanhanhanhan) نست اندر جھان

qveKanaqveKanaqveKanaqveKanazezezeze (msgavmsgavmsgavmsgavsisisisi). Cven araferi gvaqvs sakamaTo am axsnasTan dakavSirebiT,

mxolod davumatebdiT, rom _ نست اندر جھان (nesTnesTnesTnesT anananandardardardar((((eeee) ) ) ) JeJeJeJe----

hanhanhanhan))))----i SeiZleba Semdegi semantikuri datvirTvis matarebelic iKos _ ar aris amar aris amar aris amar aris amqveKanaqveKanaqveKanaqveKanazezezeze anu _ araaraaraaraamamamamqveKniqveKniqveKniqveKniuuuuriririri da masSi ga-viazroT araaraaraaramamamamateteteteririririaaaalulululuriririri samKaros mkvidris sakuTari saxe-lic.

sakiTxs Tu am kuTxiT SevxedavT, saintereso Cans g. we-reTlis mier Sua aziis folklorSi dadasturebuli qalis sa-kuTari saxeli _ `nesnesnesnestartartartar----JeJeJeJehanhanhanhan fafafafaririririzozozozodadadada~ ~ ~ ~ (g. wereTeli 1938: 1-2), sadac nesnesnesnestartartartar----JeJeJeJeharharharhar aris fonetikuri varianti nisTnisTnisTnisT anananan----dardardardar((((eeee) ) ) ) JeJeJeJehahahahaninininisasasasa, xolo fafafafaririririzozozozodadadada daiSleba ase _ fafafafariririri zozozozodadadada, , , , romelic sparsul-taJikurad niSnavs _ feriis anu araaraaraaramamamamatetetete----

ririririaaaalulululuriririri arsebis asuls ((((پری spars. .fefefeferiririri, , , , taJ. fafafafariririri) ) ) ) _ _ _ _ fefefefe----

riariariaria, زاده (spars. z‰dez‰dez‰dez‰de,,,, ta/. zozozozodadadada) _ زادن ( ( ( (z‰danz‰danz‰danz‰dan)))) SoSoSoSobabababa zmnis namKo drois mimGeoba _ Sobili. taJikurad gamoiTqmis fafafafariririri----zozozozodadadada (rubinCiki, 1983; taJikuri leqsikoni, 1969).

amgvarad, SesaZlebelia, اندر جھان ) نيست( نست (nesT nesT nesT nesT ////nisTnisTnisTnisT/ / / / anananan----

dardardardar((((eeee) ) ) ) JeJeJeJehanhanhanhan))))----Si vigulisxmoT rogorc mamamamateteteteririririaaaalulululuriririri, ise araaraaraara----

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mamamamateteteteririririaaaalulululuriririri samKaros mkvidris saxeli. nesnesnesnestantantantan----dadadadarererereJaJaJaJanininini `vefxistKaosnis~ gavleniT, rogorc la-

mazi da ykviani qalis saxeli, Sesulia qarTul folklorSic (l. kotaSvili 1985: 35).

`vefxistKaosanSi~ nesnesnesnestantantantan----dadadadarererereJaJaJaJanininini gvxvdeba Semoklebuli formiTac _ nesnesnesnestantantantanJaJaJaJariririri (S. rusTaveli 1966, str. 1549).

aqve aGvniSnavT, rom qarTulSi nesnesnesnestantantantan----dadadadarererereJanJanJanJan-idan miGebulia ori sakuTari saxeli _ nesnesnesnestantantantan-i da dadadadarererereJanJanJanJan----i. es ukanaskneli `vefxistKaosanSi~ zogJer enacvleba kidec nesnesnesnestantantantan----dadadadarererereJansJansJansJans (S. rusTaveli srt. 1549).

m am am am a i a b ai a b ai a b ai a b a r ir ir ir i x a Sx a Sx a Sx a S v iv iv iv i l il il il i nanananasessessessesxexexexebi leqbi leqbi leqbi leqsisisisika udika udika udika udiur enaur enaur enaur enasa dasa dasa dasa da inininingigigigilolololour diur diur diur diaaaaleqtleqtleqtleqtSiSiSiSi

saukuneebis manZilze grZeldeboda qarTuli enis ingi-

louri dialeqtisa da udiuri enis urTierToba azerbaiJanul enasTan.

aGniSnul enasTan kontaqtma didi gavlena moaxdina ingi-louri dialeqtisa da udiuri enis fonetikaze, morfologia-ze, leqsikasa da sintaqsze.

moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia udiur da ingilour teqsteb-Si moZiebuli saerTo leqsikuri erTeulebi. kerZod, arsebiTi saxelebi, romlebic ucvlelad an garkveuli fonetikuri cvli-lebiT azerbaiJanuli enidan aris nasesxebi. aseTebia, magali-Tad:

ing. biG, ud. biG ùlvaSi~ (Sdr. azer. biG - ulvaSi) ing. elu _ micvalebuli, ud. el(muG) _ samSvinveli

(Sdr. azer. elu – micvalebuli) ing. KuS _ Citi, ud. KuS _ arwivi (Sdr. azer. Kus_ Citi)

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ing. qoTuq, ud. qûTik `mori~ (Sdr. azer. qotϋk mori) kvlevis Sedegebi, TvalsaCinoebasTan erTad, warmodgeni-

lia moxsenebaSi.

T e aT e aT e aT e a b u rb u rb u rb u r yyyy u l a Z eu l a Z eu l a Z eu l a Z e msazmsazmsazmsazGGGGvrelvrelvrelvrel----sazsazsazsazGGGGvrulis adgilisaTvisvrulis adgilisaTvisvrulis adgilisaTvisvrulis adgilisaTvis saSual qarTulSisaSual qarTulSisaSual qarTulSisaSual qarTulSi

1. winadadebaSi gansazGvreba damokidebuli wevria. igi

KovelTvis eqvemdebareba sazGvruls da gadmoscems mis raime niSans an Tvisebas. gansazGvrebis sintaqsur bunebas apirobebs sazGvrul sitKvasTan damokidebuleba. msazGvrel-sazGvrulis adgili winadadebaSi sxvadasxvaa. samecniero literaturaSi aGniSnaven, rom Zvel qarTulSi prepoziciuli wKoba yarbobs originalur ZeglebSi, postpoziciuri _ naTargmn ZeglebSi. asevea Tanamedrove qarTulSic.

2. am TvalsazrisiT Znelia Tqma, Tu romeli wKoba yar-bobs saSuali qarTulis enaSi. werilobiT ZeglebSi iseTive xSiria postpoziciuri wKoba, rogorc prepoziciuli. rogorc Cans, am drois literaturuli ena sintaqsuri urTierTobebis TvalsazrisiT ufro Tavisufalia. dGevandel samwerlobo ena-Si msazGvrel-sazGvrulis postpoziciuri wKoba umetesad poe-ziaSi gamoiKeneba, saSual qarTulSi ki prozaSic xSiria.

3. am periodis qarTulis werilobiT ZeglebSi intensi-urad gvxvdeba msazGvrel-sazGvrulis e.w. gaTiSuli, distanci-uri wKobac.: `ra kakakakariririri gaiGo cicicicixixixixisasasasa, moabads qali xelTa mi-sca~ (visr., gv. 36); `Tuca vivivivisisisisi eseTi naxa nanananacarcarcarcarsasasasa zezezezeda mda mda mda mJJJJdodododo----

mimimimi,,,, pirpirpirpirdadadadaxoxoxoxoyyyyiiiilililili, TmaTmaTmaTmadagdagdagdagleleleleJJJJiiiilililili, ninininiaaaadag mtidag mtidag mtidag mtirarararalililili~ (visr., gv. 44); `minminminmindodododoriririri erTi dagvxvda metad dididididi di di di da uzouzouzouzomimimimi~ (amiran-dar., gv. 8); `sasasasaqoqoqoqonelnelnelnelsasasasa hgvanda dadadadamamamamalullullullulssssaaaa naoxarsa Sigan vi-si...~ (visr., gv. 95); ège Tqveni wewewewesisisisi aris saaaaZaZaZaZagegegegelililili da momomomosasasasaKKKKiviviviv----

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nenenenebebebebelililili...~ (visr., gv. 18); `ganaxvna papa-mamurni saunJeni..., am-cnebda, raTa ororororsa kecsa kecsa kecsa kecsasasasa miscemdnen gagagagaCeCeCeCeninininililililisasasasasasasasa~ (cx. mef.-mef. Tam., gv. 396)

aseTi sintaqsuri wKoba Zvelsa da axla qarTulSi iSviaTad gvxvdeba, araa damaxasiaTebeli aseve zepiri metKvelebisaTvis. sa-Suali qarTulis ena ki amis Tavisufal saSualebas iZleva.

S a lS a lS a lS a l v av av av a g ag ag ag a b e sb e sb e sb e s k ik ik ik i r i ar i ar i ar i a

`̀̀̀vevevevefxitKaosfxitKaosfxitKaosfxitKaosnisnisnisnis~ ~ ~ ~ ori anori anori anori anTroTroTroTropopopoponinininimis warmomis warmomis warmomis warmomavmavmavmavlolololobibibibisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis ((((rorororosasasasanininini, , , , dudududularlarlarlarduxduxduxduxtitititi))))

qarTulSi dadasturebuli islamamdeli periodis iranuli

anTroponimebis Seswavlas, romelTa Soris moxsenebaSi warmo-dgenili saxelebic aris, didi mniSvneloba aqvs iranuli ono-mastikonis istoriis TvalsazrisiTac.

1. qaJeTis mefis Zis saxeli rorororosasasasanininini `naTlis~ aGmniSvnel iranul zedsarTavs unda ukavSirdebodes, romelic fonetiku-rad ufro axlosaa falaursa da klasikur sparsulSi cnobil rŒSan formaTan. misi gviandeli varianti rouSan rogorc ma-makacis, aseve qalis saxeladØ cnobilia Tanamedrove iranul enebsa da aqedan Turquli modgmis xalxTa anTroponomikonSi.

`vefxitKaosanSi~ rorororoSanSanSanSan-is nacvlad rorororosansansansan formis povnie-reba Zvel qarTulSi piris saxelTa paraleluri formebis gamoKenebiT SeiZleba aixsnas. mag.: bibliis uZveles qarTul TargmanSi damowmebuli mamakacis saxeli darieli, magram rus-TvelTan tarieli.

2. qaJeTis mefis dis saxel dudududularlarlarlarduxtduxtduxtduxt-Si analogiuri warmoebis anTroponimebis (guranduxti, miranduxti, sagduxti, balenduxti da sxv.) msgavsad duxtduxtduxtduxt (`qaliSvili~) gamoiKofa. kom-pozitis pirvel nawilSi piris saxeli dilara (etimologiurad `SeKvarebuli~, `momxiblavi~, `lamazi~) aris savaraudebeli. am

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ukanasknelSi dil (`guli~) da arasTan (`damSveneba~) zmnis awmKo drois forma ara Seicnoba, xolo erTad didididilalalalarararara `SeKvarebuls~ niSnavs. amgvarad dilar(a)duxts, SesaZloa, dularduxti moeca. dularduxtSi, iseve rogorc sxva am tipis saxelebSi, duxt mama-kacis saxelzea darTuli. am TvalsazrisiT is garemoebacaa aGsa-niSnavi, rom saxel dilaras dGesac atareben mamakacebi iranSi.

e l ie l ie l ie l i s as as as a b e d g ab e d g ab e d g ab e d g a z d ez d ez d ez d e l il il il i aaaa n in in in i mravmravmravmravlolololobibibibiTi riTi riTi riTi ricxvis cxvis cxvis cxvis ----uuuu, , , , ----i’du sui’du sui’du sui’du sufiqfiqfiqfiqsesesesebisbisbisbis SeSeSeSesasasasaxeb svaxeb svaxeb svaxeb svanurnurnurnurSiSiSiSi

svanuri enis balszemour dialeqtSi mravlobiTi ricxvis mawarmoebel sxvadasxva niSanTa Soris gamoKofilia -uuuu da -i’dui’dui’dui’du sufiqsebi (T. SaraZeniZe).

-uuuu mr. ricxvis niSani saxelebSi, sxva niSnebTan Sedare-biT iSviaTad ixmareba, magram met-naklebi sixSiriT dadastur-da Kvela dialeqtSi.

-uuuu mr. ricxvis niSnad daerTvis martivfuZian saxelebs: patpatpatpatronronronron `patroni~ patpatpatpatronronronron-uuuu `patronebi~; naGalnaGalnaGalnaGal `naTesavi~ naGalnaGalnaGalnaGal-uuuu `naTesavebi~; memememerderderderde `mKofi~ memememerderderderde-uuuu `mKofebi~.

mr. ricxvis -uuuu niSani ufro xSirad gvxvdeba zedsarTaveb-sa da mimGeobebSi, romlebic bolokidur poziciaSi Seicaven -rrrr, -llll sonantebs winamavali sxvadasxva xmovniT. es elementebi SeiZleba iKos:

a) fuZis kuTvnileba lˆ�rlˆ�rlˆ�rlˆ�r `cocxali~ lârlârlârlâr-uuuu `cocxle-bi~; lˆdg�rlˆdg�rlˆdg�rlˆdg�r `micvalebuli~ lˆdgarlˆdgarlˆdgarlˆdgar-uuuu `micvalebulebi~; lˆfkŠllˆfkŠllˆfkŠllˆfkŠl `qalbatoni~ lˆfkŠllˆfkŠllˆfkŠllˆfkŠl-uuuu `qalbatonebi~...

b) mravlobiTi ricxvis niSani bz. didididi `deda~, dildildildil-arararar-uuuu `dedebi~; qunqunqunqun `suli~ qunqunqunqun-�r�r�r�r, qunqunqunqun-arararar-uuuu `sulebi~. bq. memememeCxfeCxfeCxfeCxfe `gamxdari~, meCxfmeCxfmeCxfmeCxf-olololol, meCxfmeCxfmeCxfmeCxf-olololol-uuuu `gamxdrebi~ xoxoxoxoSaSaSaSa ùfrosi~ xoSxoSxoSxoS-elelelel, xoSxoSxoSxoS-elelelel-uuuu ufrosebi.

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g) mqoneblobis aGmniSvneli sufiqsebi: mamamamafeSfeSfeSfeS `daGlilo-ba~ mafSmafSmafSmafS-’r’r’r’r `daGlili~, mafSmafSmafSmafS-‰r‰r‰r‰r-uuuu `daGlilebi~; m�idm�idm�idm�id `SimSi-li~ m�idm�idm�idm�id-’r’r’r’r `mSieri~, m�idm�idm�idm�id-‰r‰r‰r‰r-uuuu `mSivrebi~; fuK…fuK…fuK…fuK… `CiKvi~ fuK…fuK…fuK…fuK…-‰r‰r‰r‰r `CiKviani~, fuK…fuK…fuK…fuK…-‰r‰r‰r‰r-uuuu `CiKvianebi~...

-uuuu's dairTavs -�� daboloebis mqone zedsarTavi saxelebi balszemourSi: ƒefƒefƒefƒef-�� `kbenia~ ƒefƒefƒefƒef-aaaa-uuuu `kbeniebi~, k…aCxk…aCxk…aCxk…aCx-�� koy-li k…aCxk…aCxk…aCxk…aCx-aaaa-uuuu `koylebi~, gagdgagdgagdgagd-�� `Kbedi~ gagdgagdgagdgagd-aaaa-uuuu `Kbedebi~ zs. -uuuu's gamoavlens -ianianianian sufiqsiani saxelebic: codrcodrcodrcodr-i�n i�n i�n i�n `codvi-li~ codrcodrcodrcodr-ianianianian-uuuu `codvilebi~; pilpilpilpilwi�nwi�nwi�nwi�n `bilwi~ pilwpilwpilwpilw-ianianianian-uuuu `bilwebi~.

balszemourSi arsebuli Zalian iSviaTad xmarebuli mr. ricxvis -i’dui’dui’dui’du niSani, qvemosvanur dialeqtebSic dadasturda. lSx. -iŠduiŠduiŠduiŠdu lnt. -ieieieiedudududu formiT. oriode saxelTan balsqvemo-urSi -eduedueduedu variantic Segvxvda. bq. mˆkeTmˆkeTmˆkeTmˆkeT `mokeTe~, mˆkTmˆkTmˆkTmˆkT-eduedueduedu `mokeTeebi~; lSx. naGalnaGalnaGalnaGal `naTesavi~ naGlnaGlnaGlnaGl-iŠduiŠduiŠduiŠdu `naTesavebi~, pilpilpilpil `napiri, tuCi~ pilpilpilpil-iŠduiŠduiŠduiŠdu `napirebi~; lnt. vevevevezirzirzirzir `veziri~ vezrvezrvezrvezr-ieieieiedudududu `vezirebi~.

samecniero literaturaSi aGniSnulia, rom `Giad rCeba -uuuu'si da -uuuu'Ti warmoebuli mravlobiTi ricxvis sakiTxi~ (T. SaraZeniZe).

vfiqrobT dasaSvebia -uuuu mr. ricxvis niSani davukavSiroT igive mniSvnelobis mqone -i’dui’dui’dui’du, iŠduiŠduiŠduiŠdu sufiqss, romlis gamar-tivebiT miviGeT -uuuu (iŠduiŠduiŠduiŠdu > i’dui’dui’dui’du > eduedueduedu > uuuu).

e l e n ee l e n ee l e n ee l e n e g i u n a S v i l ig i u n a S v i l ig i u n a S v i l ig i u n a S v i l i saSualosaSualosaSualosaSualo sparsuli geografiuli terminologiissparsuli geografiuli terminologiissparsuli geografiuli terminologiissparsuli geografiuli terminologiis kvlevikvlevikvlevikvlevis s s s sakiTxebisaTvis qarTul wsakiTxebisaTvis qarTul wsakiTxebisaTvis qarTul wsakiTxebisaTvis qarTul wKKKKaroebSiaroebSiaroebSiaroebSi

islamamdeli iranisa da qarTlis (iberiis) samefos isto-

riul-kulturul urTierTobebs mravalsaukunovani tradicia aqvs.

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es mimarTebebi gansakuTrebiT mravalmxrivi da mniSvnelo-vani xdeba sasanelTa mmarTvelobis xanaSi (III-VII ss. Cv.w.). sasa-nuri iranis Grma gavlenam qarTul civilizaciaze saTanado asaxva hpova im drois (iseve rogorc gviandeli periodis) qar-Tul suliersa da materialur kulturaSi.

am TvalsazrisiT, metad mniSvnelovania sasanelTa imperi-is oficialuri, religiuri da saliteraturo enis-saSualo sparsulis fenomeni saqarTveloSi (ix. J.Gippert, Zum Status des

Mittelpersischen im südlich Kaukasus, Proceedings of the conference “Bilin-gualism in Iranian Cultures”, Bamberg 1992).

qarTul werilobiT ZeglebSi gamovlenilia saSualo sparsuli leqsikis mravalricxovani da mravalferovani nimuSe-bi, romlebic SeTvisebuli iKo iranelebTan uSualo da inten-siuri kontaqtebis Sedegad, wignuri an zepiri gziT. maT sis-temur gamokvlevas mieZGvna Jer m. andronikaSvilis monogra-fiis erT-erTi Tavi (`nanananarkverkverkverkvevevevevevi iravi iravi iravi iranulnulnulnul----qarqarqarqarTuTuTuTuli enobli enobli enobli enobririririvi vi vi vi ururururTiTiTiTiererererToToToTobibibibidandandandan~, 1966, gv. 279-417), xolo Semdeg _ i. giper-tis mTeli naSromi (Iranica Armeno-Iberica.Studien zu den iranischen

Lehnwörtern im Armenischen und Georgischen, Wien, 1993). saSualo sparsul-qarTuli enobrivi interferenciisa da

zogadad, iran-saqarTvelos kulturul-istoriul urTierTo-baTa Grma kvlevisaTvis, arsebiTia iranuli onomastikis (sa-kuTriv toponimikis) safuZvliani Seswavla. Zvel qarTul agi-ografiul Zeglebsa da qarTul istoriul wKaroebSi dastur-deba saSualo sparsuli geografiuli terminebis saintereso nimuSebi. zogierTi maTgani ganxiluli iKo m. andronikaSvilis erT-erT adrindel publikaciaSi.

iranul enaTa istoriuli gramatikisa da dialeqtologi-is, aseve qarTvelologiuri kvlevebis Tanamedrove done am sa-kiTxebis axleburi gaazrebisa da gansxvavebuli interpretaciis saTanado safuZvels qmnis.

moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia ramdenime saSualo sparsuli geografiuli terminis (rogoricaa, ararararSaSaSaSakekekekeTiTiTiTi,,,, gan gan gan ganZaZaZaZakikikiki,,,, da da da darurururubanbanbanban----didididi,,,, da da da daririririaaaalalalalanininini, , , , gurgurgurgurgegegegenininini, , , , ialialialialbubububuzizizizi, , , , sasasasabasbasbasbastatatatanininini) distribuciuli, semantikuri da istoriul-etimologiuri analizi.

30

g ig ig ig i o ro ro ro r g i g og i g og i g og i g o g og og og o l a Sl a Sl a Sl a S v iv iv iv i l il il il i

zmniszmniszmniszmniswiwiwiwini da droni da droni da droni da dro----kikikikilolololoTa sisTa sisTa sisTa sistetetetema ma ma ma (ramdenime faqti da ramdenime kiTxva)

*** akaki SaniZem gamoKo mKofadis wre, romelSic sami mwkrivi

Sevida (mKofadi, xolmeobiTi da mKofadis kavSirebiTi). mKofa-dis wris mwkrivebs awmKos wris mwkrivebisagan ZiriTadad zmniswini ganasxvavebs. mKofadis wris mwkrivTa niSnad am Se-mTxvevaSi zmniswini cxaddeba. mKofadisa da awmKos SemTxvevaSi zmniswini (ZiriTadad) dros ganasxvavebs:

werwerwerwer----ssss (awmKo dro) _ dadadada----werwerwerwer----ssss (momavali dro). ra funqcia akisria zmniswins sxva mwkrivTa dapirispirebi-

sas?: werdwerdwerdwerd----aaaa _ dadadada----werdwerdwerdwerd----aaaa,,,, werwerwerwerdededede----ssss _ dadadada----werwerwerwerdededede----ssss............ am SemTxvevebSi sxvaobs aspeq-

ti; aspeqti ki ar aris `mwkrivis kategoria~. aseT SemTxvevaSi an mwkrivTa SedgenilobaSi unda SevitanoT koreqtivi, an mwkrivis gansazGvraSi (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs a. SaniZis moZGvre-ba)...

*** Tu warmodgenil or wKvil mwkrivs Soris sxvaobas qmnis

zmniswini, zustad iseTive sxvaobis mqone II da III seriis zmnis-winiani da uzmniswino formebi ratom ar aris damoukidebeli mwkrivebi? _ am kiTxvaze pasuxi ar Cans.

*** qmnis Tu ara problemas is, rom erTsa da imave zmnasTan

mKofadis wreSi gamoiKeneba ramdenime zmniswini? vTqvaT werwerwerwer zmnis `mKofadis `niSania~ a, aG, da, Ca, amo, gada, gamo, ga, gadmo, garda, mi, mo, Se, Semo, Camo, wa; TesTesTesTes zmnisa gamo, gan, Se, da, Ca, mi, mo... es variantebi alomorfebia? _ ver vxedavT logikas...

***

31

awmKos mniSvneloba rom aqvs zmniswinian formebs (aGwersaGwersaGwersaGwers, , , ,

waradwaradwaradwaradgensgensgensgens............), am SemTxvevaSi zmniswini aGar aris mKofadis ni-Sani? romeli mwkrivis formebia? alogikuri gveCveneba msJelo-ba: Tu zmniswiniani varianti drois mixedviT awmKoa, awmKos mwkrivis formad unda miviCnioT, Tu momavali drois mniSvne-loba aqvs, mKofadis mwkrivis formaao. aseTive kvalifikacia unda mieces maSin uzmniswino formebs, Tu mas erT SemTxvevaSi axlandeli drois gageba aqvs (zis da yamsyamsyamsyams), sxva SemTxvevaSi _ momavali droisa (mova da yamyamyamyamssss). ra gamovida:

awmKos mwkrivi mKofadis mwkrivi aGwersaGwersaGwersaGwers aGwersaGwersaGwersaGwers yamsyamsyamsyams yamsyamsyamsyams es aGaraa morfologia... *** dialeqtologiur literaturaSi saubaria mTis dialeteb-

Si I xolmeobiTze (akeakeakeakeTebTebTebTebdisdisdisdis...). Tu I seriaSi Tanamedrove qar-TulSi ori wrea, ratom ar gamoKofen or mwkrivs am dialeq-tebSi _ akeakeakeakeTebTebTebTebdisdisdisdis----gagagagaaaaakekekekeTebTebTebTebdisdisdisdis? zmniswinian da uzmniswino formaTa erTi mwkrivisanebad miCneva xom arGvevs sistemas?

*** awmKo-mKofadis dapirispireba (wers _ dawers) Tu mwkriv-

Ta dapirispirebaa morfologiurad da zmniswinia mwkrivis ni-Sani, ra xdeba saSuali gvaris zmnebSi? TamaSobs _ iTamaSebs, daraJobs _ udaraJebs, dgas _ idgeba, Girs _ eGireba da mi-sTanani morfologiurad erTi paradigmis wevrebi arian? `mwkrivis niSnebad ra unda miviCnioT?

*** arsebuli moZGvrebebiT (a. SaniZe, arn. Ciqobava) awmKos mi-

marTeba mKofadTan iseTivea (mwkrivisa mwkrivTan), rogorc awmKosi uwKvetelTan (an I kavSirebiTTan) (erTi paradigmis wevrebi arian):

akeakeakeakeTebTebTebTeb-s _ ga ga ga ga----akeakeakeakeTebTebTebTeb-s (SeSeSeSe----akeakeakeakeTebTebTebTeb----ssss, , , , gadagadagadagada----akeakeakeakeTebTebTebTeb----ssss...); akeakeakeakeTebTebTebTeb----dddd-a; akeakeakeakeTebTebTebTeb-dddd----eeee-s.

32

akeakeakeakeTebsTebsTebsTebs, , , , gagagagaaaaakekekekeTebsTebsTebsTebs, , , , SeSeSeSeaaaakekekekeTebsTebsTebsTebs, , , , gadagadagadagadaaaaakekekekeTebsTebsTebsTebs da misTanani iTvleba damoukidebel saleqsikono erTeulebad. akeakeakeakeTebsTebsTebsTebs, , , , akeakeakeake----

TebTebTebTebdadadada, , , , akeakeakeakeTebTebTebTebdesdesdesdes _ ar iTvleba sxvadasxva saleqsikono erTe-ulebad; ratom? Tu sxvadasxva saleqsikono erTeulebia, ratom iTvleba erTi da imave zmnis sxvadasxva mwkrivis formebad.

*** ra mniSvnelobasac aniyebs zmniswini zmnas xolmeobiTsa Tu

mKofadis kavSirebiTSi, igive mniSvneloba aqvs mas saxelzmnur formebSic. niSnavs Tu ara es imas, rom zmniswini ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos mwkrivis niSnad?

Cveni azriT, Kvela kiTxvaze pasuxi erTia: : : : gadagadagadagadasasasasasinsinsinsinJia Jia Jia Jia mwkrivmwkrivmwkrivmwkrivTa raTa raTa raTa raoooodedededenonononobis sabis sabis sabis sakikikikiTxiTxiTxiTxi....

t at at at a r ir ir ir i e l g u re l g u re l g u re l g u r g eg eg eg e n in in in i Z eZ eZ eZ e

zozozozogi ram ingi ram ingi ram ingi ram inklukluklukluzivzivzivziv----eqeqeqeqskluskluskluskluzizizizivis kavis kavis kavis katetetetegogogogoririririis Seis Seis Seis Sesasasasaxebxebxebxeb

inkluziv-eqskluzivis kategoriis warmoSobis da ricxvis

kategoriasTan misi mimarTebis Sesaxeb gansxvavebuli Tvalsaz-risebi arsebobs.

q. lomTaTiZe varaudobs, rom in/ex-is garCeva svanuri zmnis sistemaSi dakavSirebuli unda iKos saurTierTo kategorias-Tan (kerZod, mis saTanao SinaarsTan) (lomTaTiZe 1961:212).

analogiuri mosazreba in/ex-is da saurTierTo kategoriebis mimarT zogadad gamoTqmuli aqvs p. forxhaimers (forxhaimeri 1953: 132-135).

g. klimovi Tvlis, rom in/ex-is kategoria principulad gan-sxvavdeba ricxvis kategoriisagan. am debulebas avtori ase asa-

buTebs: Jer erTi, in/ex-is kategoria axdens ricxvis kategoriis mimarT diferencirebul formaTa konkretizacias specialur

planSi (es iqidan gamomdinareobs, rom in/ex-is kategoria

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ganirCeva ara marto mravlobiT ricxvSi, aramed orobiT da sa-mobiT ricxvSic); meorec is, rom in/ex-is kategoria saxezea im enebSi, romlebsac ar gaaCniaT ricxvis morfologiuri katego-ria (klimovi 1981:30). CvenTvis miuGebelia am debulebis dasa-buTebis orive argumenti.

gansxvavebul kategoriebad miiCneven in/ex-s da ricxvs sxva avtorebic: v. Tofuria (Tofuria 1967), a. oniani (oniani 1978: 96), d. meliqiSvili (meliqiSvili 1977).

arn. Ciqobavas varaudiT in/ex-isa da mravlobiTobis kate-goria erTia (Ciqobava 1946: 100). Cven viziarebT am mosazre-bas.

e. benvenists miaCnia, rom ar aris sakmarisi vuwodoT pir-veli piris mravlobiTi ricxvis gansxvavebul formebs ìnklu-ziuri~ da eqskluziuri~. termini gulisxmobs `Tqven~ elemen-tis CarTvas an gamoricxvas, magram ìsini~ elementis mimarT aGniSvna swored rom Sebrunebuli iqneboda, Tumca Znelia mo-iZebnos ufro Sesaferisi terminio (benvenisti 1974: 267). vfiqrobT, rom TavisTavad saintereso mosazrebaa, magram am Se-mTxvevaSi SeuZlebelia orwevraelementebiani ìnkluziuri~ da èqskuluziuri~ formebis miGeba. Tu benvenistis msJelobaSi `Tqven~ da ìsini~ elementebs CavanacvlebT Sesabamisad `Sen~ da ìs~ elementebiT, maSin orwevraelementebiani simravlis Se-mTxvevaSi benvenistis msJeloba ZalaSi darCeba, magram samwevra-elementebiani simravlis SemTxvevaSi igi winaaGmdegobaSi mova realur enobriv monacemebTan.

Jon laionzi SesaZleblad miiCnevs gamiJnos erTmaneTisagan ìnkluziuri~ da èqskluziuri~ xmareba meore piris mravlo-

biTi ricxvisa (avtorisave sitKvebiT, ìnkluziuri~ vs. eqsklu-ziuri terminebis ramdenadme gansxvavebuli azriT, vidre es gvaqvs `pirveli piris mravlobiT ricxvTan~). èqskluziuri~ ganekuTvneba mxolod msmenels an msmenelebs, xolo ìnkluziu-ri~ miemarTeba erTdroulad msmenels an msmenelebs sxva pir-Tan an pirebTan erTianobaSi (laionzi 1978: 293-4). aq sayiroa imis dazusteba, rom es sxva piri (an pirebi) ar SeiZleba iKos

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pirveli (anu, molaparake) piri, aramed mxolod mesame pirs (an pirebs) SeuZlia mogvevlinos am rolSi.

n. sokolovskaiasTan gamoKenebulia termini ìnkluziuri

Tqven~ (Sen & is)x≥2 (Tumca amis sapirispirod aqve ar gvxvdeba termini èqskluziuri Tqven~). imave avtorTan gvxvdeba termi-

ni `superinkluziuri Cven~ (me & Sen & is)x≥3, romelsac upi-

rispirdeba terminebi ìnkluziuri Cven~ (me & Sen)x≥2 da èq-

skluziuri Cven~ (me & is)x≥2 (sokolovskaia 1980: 92-94). x≥2

niSnavs, rom gvaqvs minimum orwevraelementebiani simravle, xo-

lo x≥3 niSnavs, rom gvaqvs minimum samwevraelementebiani sim-ravle.

u. Ceifis gansazGvriT, meore piri aris erTi an ufro me-ti pirisagan Semdgari Jgufi, romelic, sul mcire, msmenels mainc Seicavs, magram gamoricxavs molaparakes, xolo pirveli piri aris erTi an ufro meti pirisgan Semdgari Jgufi, rome-lic Seicavs, sul mcire, molaparakes mainc. im enebisaTvis, romlebSic pirveli piris mravlobiT ricxvSi ganirCeva inklu-ziuri da eqskluziuri formebi, u. Ceifi pirvel pirs ramde-nadme gansxvavebulad gansazGvravs: pirveli piri aris erTi an ufro meti pirisgan Semdgari Jgufi, romelic, sul mcire, mo-laparakes mainc Seicavs, magram gamoricxavs msmenels. es TiT-qmis sarkiseburi anareklia meore piris gansazGvrisa, romelic zemoT iKo moKvanili. am tipis enebSi arsebobs damatebiTi se-mantikuri erTeuli, romelsac u. Ceifi uwodebs inkluzivs da mas ase gansazGvravs: inkluzivi aris ori an ufro meti piri-sagan Semdgari Jgufi, romelic Seicavs, sul cota, molapara-kesa da msmenels mainc (Ceifi 1975: 315). avtori ar iZleva èq-skuluzivis~ gansazGvras, magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT mis mier pirveli piris gansxvavebul gansazGvras, maSin gamodis, rom pirveli piri da èqskluzivi~ erTi da igivea, roca gvaqvs mi-nimum orwevraelementebiani simravle.

lingvistur terminTa leqsikonSi j. maruzo am terminebs ase ganmartavs: inkluziuria mravlobiT ricxvSi mdgari pirve-li piri, romelsac zog enaSi iseTi gansakuTrebuli forma ga-

35

aCnia, romlis arsebobis drosac `Cven~ tipis koleqtivi mola-parakesTan an molaparakeebTan erTad gulisxmobs mas an maT, visac mimarTaven. mravlobiT ricxvSi mdgar pirvel pirs ewo-deba eqskluziuri im enebSi, sadac `Cven~ tipis nacvalsaxeliT aGniSnul pirTa JgufSi ar aris CarTuli mimarTvis adresati: `Cven, Tqveni gamoklebiT~ (maruzo 1960: 122, 342).

o. axmanova lingvistur terminTa leqsikonSi am termine-bisTvis aseT gansazGvras gvTavazobs: inkluziuri piri aris pirveli piris mravlobiTi ricxvis forma, romelic aGniSnavs rogorc molaparakes (molaparakeebs), agreTve imaT, visac mi-marTaven. eqskluziuri piri aris pirveli piris mravlobiTi ricxvis iseTi formis gamoKeneba, romelic aGniSnavs mxolod molaparakeebs (e. i. gamoricxavs imaT, visac mimarTaven (axmano-va 1966: 220-1, 173).

am leqsikonebis avtorebi uSveben erTze meti molaparake piris (anu, molaparakeebis) arsebobas, rac miuGeblad migvaC-nia, vinaidan `normalur~ sametKvelo aqtSi erTze meti mola-parake piris arseboba dauSvebelia. vfiqrobT, aman ganapiroba is, rom o. axmanova eqskluziur pirSi mxolod molaparakeebs gulisxmobs! anda, molaparake (anu, pirvel) pirTan erTad ga-erTianebuli mesame piri (pirebi) ganixileba rogorc molapa-rake, rac dauSvebelia. orive avtoris mier inkluzivis gan-sazGvraSi ar rCeba adgili kombinaciebisaTvis, romlebSic pir-vel da meore pirTan SesaZlebelia mesame piric iKos gaerTia-nebuli.

a. SaniZe Semdegnairad ganmartavs am terminebs: `Cven~ sitKvis gageba SeiZleba ornairi iKos: a) molaparake adamiani amiT aGniSnavs Tavis Tavs da agreTve imas an imaT, visTanac sa-ubari aqvs. am SemTxvevaSi `Cven~ sitKva mniSvnelobiT igivea, rac `me da Sen~, an `me da Tqven~. es aris inkluziuri `Cven~. b) molaparake adamiani amiT aGniSnavs Tavis Tavsa da sxvas (an sxvebs) imis gamoklebiT (an imaT gamoklebiT), visac esaubreba. am SemTxvevaSi `Cven~ sitKva mniSvnelobiT igivea, rac `me da is~, an `me da isini~. es aris eqskluziuri `Cven~.

36

ìnkluzivis~ a. SaniZiseul gansazGvraSi ar rCeba adgili im kombinaciebisTvis, romlebSic pirvel da meore pirTan Se-saZlebelia mesame piric iKos gaerTianebuli. amas adasturebs `Tqven~ sitKvis gansazGvra imave avtorisa: `Tqven~ am sitKviT molaparake adamiani Cveulebriv aGniSnavs or pirs an mets, romelTac saubris dros Kvelas mimarTavs. TiToeuli maTga-nisTvis cal-calke mimarTvisas `Sen~ sitKva unda ixmaros (Sa-niZe 1973: 41-42). mogvianebiT a. SaniZe ganmartavs, rom inklu-ziur formaSi CarTulia me-2 piri da amorTulia me-3, xolo eqskluziurSi CarTulia me-3 piri da amorTulia me-2 (SaniZe 1976: 65).

r. asaTianis azriT inkluziv-eqskluzivis gramatikuli ka-tegoriis arseboba imaze migvaniSnebs, rom gramatikulad gan-sxvavebulia simravle, sadac mxolod komunikaciis aqtSi mona-

wile `metKveli~ _ `msmeneli~ (resp. I/II ) pirebi erTiandebian (inkluzivi), im simravlisagan, sadac `metKvel~ pirTan erTad gamoricxulia, ar erTiandeba msmeneli (II piri) (eqskluzivi) (asaTiani 1994: 42). sitKva mxomxomxomxolodlodlodlod, romelic inkluzivis am ganmartebaSia gamoKenebuli, gamoricxavs kombinaciebs, romleb-Sic pirvel da meore pirTan SesaZlebelia mesame piric iKos gaerTianebuli.

arn. Ciqobava ase ganmartavs am terminebs: Tu `Cven~ gamo-ricxavs meore pirs, mas ewodeba eqeqeqeqskluskluskluskluzizizizivivivivi (laTin. `gamori-cxviTi~), Tu meore pirs ar gamoricxavs, ininininklukluklukluzivszivszivszivs etKvian (ìnkluzivi~ _ `CaricxviTi~). misive azriT ìnkluziuri da eqskuluziuri mravlobiTis arseboba kvlav im debulebas asa-buTebs, rom mxolobiTidan mravlobiTze gadasvla gaSuamavle-buli iKo konkretuli saxis mravlobiTebiT; am konkretizacii-sagan Tavisufali mravlobiTi ganviTarebis Semdgomi safexuria (Ciqobava 1939: 140).

i. melCukis azriT eqskluziurobis kategoria Sedgeba ori

gramemebisagan: eqskluzivi ∼ inkluzivi. gamoiKeneba mxolod I (gacilebiT iSviaTad II) piris mimarT (magram ara mxolod mrav-lobiT ricxvSi, rasac xSirad amtkiceben) (melCuki 1998: 204):

37

`me eqskluziuri~ = ùbralod me~; `me inkluziuri~ = `me da Sen, da aravin sxva~; `Cven eqskluziuri~ = `me da viGac sxva, magram ara

Sen/Tqven~; `Cven inkluziuri~ = `me da Cven da Sen/Tqven~; `Sen eqskluziuri~ = ùbralod Sen~; `Sen inkluziuri~ = `Sen da is~; `Tqven eqskluziuri~ = `Tqven, visac mivmarTav da aravin

sxva vinme~; `Tqven inkluziuri~ = `Tqven da sxvebi~. gansaxilvel sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli sakuTari mosazrebe-

bi ZiriTadad or naSromSi gvaqvs warmodgenili: (gurgeniZe 1984: 114-129), (gurgeniZe 1999: 16-20).

n in in in i n o d on o d on o d on o d o l il il il i Z eZ eZ eZ e gugugugururururuli dili dili dili diaaaaleqleqleqleqti sxvati sxvati sxvati sxvadasdasdasdasxva janxva janxva janxva janris teqris teqris teqris teqstebstebstebstebSiSiSiSi

gurulebi arian èna tkbil-moubareni, umetes wignis

sitKviT, mesxTa-ebr, aramed qarTulisave enisani da ara sxvisa~ (vaxuSti, `geografiuli aGwera saqarTveloisa~, gv.420). maSa-sadame, gurulebi mesxebiviT saliteraturo eniT laparakoben umetesado, _ brZanebda batoniSvili XVIII saukuneSi. ra xdeba dGes?

teqstebis adrindeli publikaciebisa da Cven mier ozurge-Tis raionSi Cawerili masalebis mixedviT, gurulebi sulac ar laparakoben saliteraturo eniT, miT umetes mesxebiviT. Se-darebiT mkvidrad amgvari qarTuli SemorCenilia saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeebidan gavrcelebuli xalxuri simGerebisa da locvebis enaSi, romelebic interdialeqturi xasiaTisaa.

38

magaliTad: `Cven viKaviT sasasasammmmni Zmani Zmani Zmani Zmani sani sani sani samemememebibibibisa Zasa Zasa Zasa Zalilililisasasasanininini~ ~ ~ ~

(jGenti, 1936:218; teqsti Cawerilia CoxataurSi, sofel xidis-TavSi).

dGes arc zemo da arc qvemogurul cocxal metKvelebaSi nnnnariani mravlobiTis formebi aGarsad ixmareba, magram leqsTwKobis arqiteqtonikam isini aqamde Semogvinaxa.

igive situaciaa emfatikur xmovnebTan dakavSirebiTac: `nurc momyri TmaTmaTmaTmasa alisa alisa alisa alisasasasasasasasa,,,, nurc momtex wivwivwivwivsasasasa yiyiyiyiqiqiqiqisasasasasasasasa~ (iq-ve).

ùjmuris locvaSi~ iseTi saliteraturo qarTulia fiqsi-rebuli, rom saqarTvelos Kvela kuTxis warmomadgenels Se-Surdeba:

ìm dawKevlilma eSmakma ra saqme qna saZageli! JoJoxeTi aaSena, ZnelaT mosabrunebeli~ (iqve, gv.186), magram Semdeg am striqonebs mosdevs guruli dialeqtis-

Tvis damaxasiaTebeli fonetikuri procesebis Semcvleli leq-sika Tu gramatikuli formebi: èso eso eso eso (anlauturi fonemis da-kargva) qristem SuSuSuSuuTuTuTuTvavavavalalalala (xmovanTa sruli asimilacia), mec maqeT var momomomosassassassaslelelelelililili (vvvv Tanxmovnis dakargva inlautSi), ise gagixTi (< ga ga ga ga----gggg----iiii----xdxdxdxd----iiii, , , , dddd Tanxmovnis daKrueba xxxx----s momdevno poziciaSi) JoJoxeTs, aGar qondes (< hhhh----qonqonqonqon----dddd----eeee----ssss,,,, iribi obieq-turi piris hhhh---- prefiqsis ugulvebelKofa) safuZveli~ (iqve).

zogierTi locvis teqsti imdenad Zvelia, rom igi ucvle-lad gadadis saqarTvelos erTi kuTxidan meoreSi an erTi Ta-obidan-momdevno TaobebSi. aqa-iq Tu gamoCndeba adgilobrivi dialeqtisTvis damaxasiaTebeli morfonologiuri monacemebi:

`gulo, gulis alagas! gulo, ram SegaSina! gulo, dedam SegaSina! gulo, mamam SegaSina! gulo, Sinaurma SegaSina! SSSS…………aGameaGameaGameaGameze ze ze ze SeSeSeSegegegegeSiSiSiSinananana` (iqve, `mavneblis locva~) kidev ufro arqaulia iseTi teqstebi, sadac sruliad

ucxoa ama Tu im leqsemis semantika Tanamedrove qarTvelisa-Tvis, romlisTvisac SeiZleba mxolod erTi an ori sitKvis mniSvneloba iKos gasagebi:

39

àwi vari, TaviT, spadu, Sterdi, verTa vacli, aubi, katoli, crici, rpoli, cric, zaperi, sva, dacva, Cama, Tisa , qezeplu, peru, aqlouni,mawi, SoSka, cexli, Kpezeni, paklaniko.~ (iqve, ,,moJadoebulis locva~). bunebrivia, SemlocvelTa mcdeloba, rac SeiZleba bundo-

vani KofiliKo teqsti misi magiurobis xarisxis asamaGleblad, raTa Cveulebriv mokvdavTaTvis igi miuwvdomeli (gaugebari) gamxdariKo.

specialuri literaturidan karga xania cnobilia, rom xSirad Tanamedrove cocxali metKveleba ufro met siZveles warmogvidgens, vidre ramdenime aTasi wlis mwerlobis mqone enebi (niko mari). swored am debulebis ilustraciaa gurul dialeqtze Cawerili simGerebisa da Selocvebis ena.

T aT aT aT a m a r v am a r v am a r v am a r v a S aS aS aS a k ik ik ik i Z eZ eZ eZ e

marmarmarmartitititivi wivi wivi wivi winanananadadadadadedededebis sinbis sinbis sinbis sintaqtaqtaqtaqsusususuri meri meri meri meqaqaqaqaniznizniznizmimimimisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis TaTaTaTananananamedmedmedmedrorororove qarve qarve qarve qarTulTulTulTulSiSiSiSi

Tanamedrove qarTulSi martivi winadadebis sintaqsuri

meqanizmis axsna sayiroebs ori umTavresi sakiTxis analizs: a) rogor imarTvis zmna saxelebis (morfologiuri subieqtisa da morfologiuri obieqtebis) mier da b) rogor marTavs Tavad zmna masTan dakavSirebul saxelebs (morfologiur subieqtsa da morfologiur obieqtebs).

Tanamedrove qarTulSi (iseve rogorc ZvelSi) gamoiKofa saxelisa da zmnis SesitKvebaTa eqvsi tipi: 1. relatiur-garda-mavalzmniani (roca zmnasTan dakavSirebulia sami saxeli: uSeuSeuSeuSe----

nebs manebs manebs manebs mama Svils saxlsma Svils saxlsma Svils saxlsma Svils saxls...); 2. relatiur-gardamavalzmniani (ro-ca zmnasTan dakavSirebulia ori saxeli: aSeaSeaSeaSenebs kanebs kanebs kanebs kaci saci saci saci saxlsxlsxlsxls...); 3. relatiur-medioaqtivzmniani (hpathpathpathpatrorororonobs manobs manobs manobs mama Svilsma Svilsma Svilsma Svils...); 4.

40

relatiur-gardauvalzmniani (emaemaemaemaleleleleba Sviba Sviba Sviba Svili mali mali mali mamasmasmasmas...); 5. abso-lutur-medioaqtivzmniani (cxovcxovcxovcxovrobs karobs karobs karobs kacicicici...) da 6. absolu-tur-gardauvalzmniani (imaimaimaimaleleleleba kaba kaba kaba kacicicici...). eqvsive SemTxvevaSi zmna marTulia saxelebis mier pirSi da SeTanxmebulia maTTan ricxvis mixedviT (realurad an potenciurad). rac Seexeba zmnis mier saxelTa marTvas, am mxriv gansxvavebuli viTareba gvaqvs: pirvel SemTxvevaSi (uSeuSeuSeuSenebs manebs manebs manebs mama Svils saxlsma Svils saxlsma Svils saxlsma Svils saxls...) zmna marTavs morfologiur subiqtsa da brunvacvalebad morfolo-giur obieqts sxvadasxva brunvis formiT rogorc erTi seriis farglebSi (I seria: MS _ saxelobiT brunvaSi, xolo MO _ micemiTSi: uSeuSeuSeuSenebs manebs manebs manebs mama saxlsma saxlsma saxlsma saxls...), aseve _ dro-kiloTa Jgufe-bis mixedviT (Sdr. II seria: MS – moTxrobiTSi, MO _ saxelo-biTSi: auauauauSeSeSeSena mana mana mana mamam samam samam samam saxlixlixlixli...), brunvaucvleli morfologiuri obieqti ki Kvela SemTxvevaSi micemiTi brunvis formiT aris warmodgenili (I seria: uSeuSeuSeuSenebs Svilsnebs Svilsnebs Svilsnebs Svils, II seria: auauauauSeSeSeSena na na na

SvilsSvilsSvilsSvils...); meore SemTxvevaSi (aSeaSeaSeaSenebs kanebs kanebs kanebs kaci saxlsci saxlsci saxlsci saxls...) zmna orive saxels (morfologiur subieqtsa da morfologiur obieqts) marTavs sxvadasxva brunvis formiT rogorc erTi seriis, ise dro-kiloTa Jgufebis mixedviT (I seria: MS _saxelobiTSi,

MO _ micemiTSi: aSeaSeaSeaSenebs kanebs kanebs kanebs kaci saxlsci saxlsci saxlsci saxls; II seria: MS _ moTxro-

biTSi, MO _ saxelobiTSi: aSeaSeaSeaSena kacna kacna kacna kacma sama sama sama saxlixlixlixli...); mesame SemTxve-vaSi (hpathpathpathpatrorororonobs manobs manobs manobs mama Svilsma Svilsma Svilsma Svils...) morfologiuri subieqti zmni-sagan marTulia dro-kiloTa I seriis mwkrivebSi saxelobiTi brunvis formiT (hpathpathpathpatrorororonobs manobs manobs manobs mamamamama...), xolo II seriis nakvTebSi _ moTxrobiTiT (upatupatupatupatrorororona mana mana mana mamammammammam...), morfologiuri obieqti ki Kvela SemTxvevaSi micemiTi brunvis formiT warmogvidgeba (I seria: hpathpathpathpatrorororonobs Svilsnobs Svilsnobs Svilsnobs Svils..., II seria: upatupatupatupatrorororona Svilsna Svilsna Svilsna Svils); meoTxe SemTxvevaSi (emaemaemaemaleleleleba Sviba Sviba Sviba Svili mali mali mali mamasmasmasmas...) zmna morfologiur subi-eqts mxolod saxelobiTi brunvis formiT marTavs (I seria: emaemaemaemaleleleleba Sviba Sviba Sviba Svilililili..., II seria: dadadadaeeeemamamamala Svila Svila Svila Svilililili...), xolo morfolo-giur obieqts _ micemiTiT (I seria: emaemaemaemaleleleleba Svilsba Svilsba Svilsba Svils..., II seria: dadadadaeeeemamamamala Svilsla Svilsla Svilsla Svils...); mexuTe SemTxvevaSi (cxovcxovcxovcxovrobs karobs karobs karobs kacicicici...) mo-rfologiuri subieqti zmnisagan marTulia dro-kiloTa Jgufe-bis mixedviT (I seria: cxovcxovcxovcxovrobs karobs karobs karobs kacicicici..., II seria: icxovicxovicxovicxovra kacra kacra kacra kac----

41

mamamama...), xolo meeqvse SemTxvevaSi (imaimaimaimaleleleleba kaba kaba kaba kacicicici...) zmna mxolod erTi brunvis formiT (saxelobiTiT) marTavs masTan dakavSire-bul morfologiur subieqts (I seria: imaimaimaimaleleleleba kaba kaba kaba kacicicici..., II seria: dadadadaiiiimamamamala kala kala kala kacicicici...).

zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba gamoiKos zmnis mier saxelTa marTvis ramdenime tipi: a) ZliZliZliZlieeeeri marri marri marri marTvaTvaTvaTva (roca saxeli Tu saxelebi zmnisagan marTulia sxvadasxva brunvaSi dro-kiloTa Jgufebis mixedviT: aSeaSeaSeaSenebs kanebs kanebs kanebs kaci saxlsci saxlsci saxlsci saxls, , , , aSeaSeaSeaSena kacna kacna kacna kac----

ma sama sama sama saxlixlixlixli...); b) sussussussusti marti marti marti marTvaTvaTvaTva (roca zmna sxvadasxva brunvis formiT marTavs masTan dakavSirebul morfologiur subieqtsa da morfologiur obieqts, magram es ukanasknelni brunvas ar icvlian dro-kiloTa Jgufebis mixedviT: emaemaemaemaleleleleba Sviba Sviba Sviba Svili mali mali mali ma----

masmasmasmas..., da da da daeeeemamamamala Svila Svila Svila Svili mali mali mali mamasmasmasmas...); g) nulnulnulnulsasasasafefefefexuxuxuxurebrebrebrebririririvi marvi marvi marvi marTvaTvaTvaTva (roca zmnasTan dakavSirebuli morfologiuri subieqti saxe-lobiTi brunvis formiT warmogvidgeba Kvela SemTxvevaSi (imaimaimaima----

leleleleba kaba kaba kaba kacicicici..., da da da daiiiimamamamala kala kala kala kacicicici...).

r or or or o m a n l om a n l om a n l om a n l o l u al u al u al u a

alalalalbabababanunununuri leqri leqri leqri leqcicicicioooonanananaris amoris amoris amoris amokikikikiTxviTxviTxviTxvisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis

albanuri leqcionaris aGmoCena 1995 wlis noember-dekem-briT TariGdeba. im droidan moKolebuli dGemde grZeldeba muSaoba mis amokiTxvaze.

2003 wels gamoqveKnda z. aleqsiZis monografia `kavkasiis albaneTis damwerloba, ena da mwerloba~, romelic albanuri leqcionaris Sesaxeb winaswar SeniSvnebs Seicavs. avtori aGniSnavs: `dGeisaTvis met-naklebi sisruliT amokiTxulia al-banuri `leqcionaris~ 40-mde sakiTxavis saTauri da identifi-cirebulia 14 sakiTxavi. TiToeuli sakiTxavidan JerJerobiT zustad dadgenilia mxolod ramdenime muxlis SesatKvisi qar-Tul, somxur, berZnul da sxva enebze~ (aleqsiZe 2003: 126).

am monografiis gamoqveKnebis Semdeg, albanuri leqciona-ris amokiTxvis saqmeSi CaerTvnen j._p. mae, i. giperti da v.

42

Sulce, Tumca aqve unda aGiniSnos, rom dGemde am sakiTxis Se-saxeb raime xelSesaxebi Sedegi ar gamoqveKnebula. dGesdGeiso-biT xelT gvaqvs mxolod aTamde sakiTxavis saTaurTa Targmani (aleqsiZe 2003: 132-133) da erTi amokiTxuli teqsti (II korin-

TelTa 11, $ 24-27; N/Sin 13, 76r- 77v – Sulce, "Toward a History of

Udi", eleqtronuli versia, 2005). wliuri Temis (àlbanuri da udiuri~) farglebSi davamu-

SaveT arsebuli albanuri masala. met-naklebi sisruliT amoki-Txulia albanuri leqcionaris sakiTxavTa Semdegi muxlebi:

efeselTa 5, $ 25-28 (N/Sin 13, 28v- 27r); I korinTelTa 12, $ 28-29 (N/Sin 13, 26r- 31v); saqme mociqulTa 12, $ 1-2 (N/Sin 13, 56v-

57r); ebraelTa 11, $ 17-18 (N/Sin 13, 5r- 2v); maTe 17, $ 1-5 (N/Sin

13, 13v- 10r); ebraelTa 3, $ 1-5 (N/Sin 55, 23r- 16v). aGsaniSnavia albanuri leqcionaris amokiTxvis sirTule.

safiqrebelia, rom igi ar aris Targmnili romelime enaze ar-sebuli leqcionaridan, aramed Sedgenilia albanur enaze ukve Seqmnili bibliis wignebis safuZvelze, anu identificirebuli teqstic ar warmoadgens zust Targmans sxva romelime enaze arsebuli sakiTxavisa. sirTules qmnis isic, rom albanuri teq-sti dafarulia qarTuliT, amasTan erTad albanur-qarTuli palimfsestis TiTqmis Kvela furceli defeqturia.

aGsaniSnavia, rom xelT gvaqvs sakmaod mcire moculobis albanuri masala, esaa: z. aleqsiZis mier gamoqveKnebuli alba-nuri leqcionaris 7 nawKveti (daaxl. 500 sitKvis odenobisa _ aleqsiZe 2003: 134-150), e. w. mingeCauris warwerebi (daaxl. 50 sitKva) da albanur-qarTuli palimfsestis is monakveTebi, romlis wakiTxva SesaZlebelia specialuri teqnologiebis gamoKenebis gareSe (500 sitKvas ar aGemateba).

warmovadgenT erT-erT amokiTxul sakiTxavs _ ebraelTa 3,

$ 1-5 (N/Sin 55, 23r- 16v). sakiTxavi identificirebulia z. aleq-siZis mier (aleqsiZe 2003: 149). samwuxarod, teqsti KovelTvis

ar aris adeqvaturad gadmowerili. N/Sin 55, 23r – 16v furclis fotosuraTze (aleqsiZe 2003: 150; moipoveba agreTve eleq-tronuli versiac)� uSualo� dakvirvebis� Sedegad masSi aTiode

43

Sesworeba SevitaneT (N/Sin 55 sinas mTaze mdebare wm. ekateri-nes monasterSi momxdari xanZris Sedegad [1975 w.] mTlianad erT gaqvavebul masad iKo qceuli, ris gamoc am xelnawerSi qveda teqsti SedarebiT kargad moCans).

SeSeSeSeniSniSniSniSvnevnevnevnebibibibi: albanuri teqsti ibeydeba xelnaweris mixedviT (teqsti TiTqmis uwKvetia, aGniSnulia qaragmebi da a. S.).

bolo striqonSi Sesabamisi qarTuli sakiTxavis monakveTia warmodgenili.

qveda xaziT _ marcvlisa an sitKvis faringalizacias aGvniSnavT, mag. huaxun.

( ) frCxilebiT _ grafemis daudgenel fonemur mniSvne-lobas.

[ ] oTxkuTxedi frCxilebiT _ aGdgenil grafemebs (daqa-ragmebul sitKvebSi, waSlil monakveTebs... aseve, albanur leq-cionarSi SeiniSneba erTgvari tendencia _ xmovnebi, gansakuT-rebiT afiqsebSi, xSirad ar aGiniSneba grafikulad. xmovnis na-kleboba zogJer aGniSnulia qaragmiT, xSirad ki _ara, mag.

hepesowny� hefesun-[o]� aGsareba-naT.). ebebebebrarararaelelelelTa Ta Ta Ta 3333, , , , § 1 1 1 1----5 5 5 5 ((((N/Sin 55, 23r- 16v))))

yayoow-�-�-�nk-�-�-�-�owġoyb-�-�-�-�-�-�-�-��a�o u [_] nq [_] uG-o� b [_] ? ? ? ?_mr._naT. ? -ziarno, ganicadeT mociquli igi da mGvdelT moZGuari

hepesownybeSik�sany�sanhAwaxownh��e�hefesun-[o]� beS-i q[risto]s-an �[esu]s-an huax-un h[ana�-o]-ke aGsaaGsaaGsaaGsarerererebabababa_naT. CveCveCveCvenininini_naT. qrisqrisqrisqristetetete_naT. ieieieiesosososo_naT. sasasasarwmurwmurwmurwmu----

no rono rono rono romemememeliclicliclic : subst. aGsarebisa Cvenisa ieso (naT.) qristesi, romelic (subst.)

sarwmuno aGsarebisa Cuenisa�, ieso qriste, romeli sarwmuno

baa�-�oyičEmowsEsha�in�e�ba-a [bixaGuG]-o� iC-e� muse�s ha(y)in-ke KofKofKofKofnananana_awmK. GmeGmeGmeGmerTirTirTirTi_naT. TaTaTaTavivivivisisisisi_naT. momomomose rose rose rose rogorcgorcgorcgorc:

44

kavS. aris Tavisi GmerTisa, rogorc mose ars Semoqmedisa T‚sisa, viTarca igi moseca

lowśow�osaoya:�iXogAxownabAw�lu(s)u kos-a o�a ixo-goxun abu KveKveKveKvelalalala sasasasaxlixlixlixli_mic. miiiissssi aGm. : didididididididi. qoqoqoqonananana_mimG. Kvela mis saxlsa. meti didebis mqone Kovelsa mas saxlsa missa. rameTu umravlessa didebasa

ih�-�ana�evamowsEsax�-�- ih[e]ana-ke va muse�s-ax[o(c)] rarararamemememeTu Tu Tu Tu : kavS. KofKofKofKofnananana_awmKo. momomomosesesese_abl. rameTu aris moseze (abl). ese Girs iKo ufro�s moseca,

niowo�anbi��-�ownef�niu otan bit [-] une(ƒ) ? ? ? ? viTarca igi ufro�s

hama�own�ee�osaxociXoyo�owba-

alnen:��hama-tun ke ekos-axo(c) ixo-�-o ku-baal nen eeeegggg_naT. kikikiki sasasasaxlixlixlixli_abl. SeSeSeSeneneneneba ba ba ba : mimG. : subst. papapapatitititi----

vivivivi?+KofKofKofKofnananana_mKof. isisisis_erg-inst. magis (Cv. nacv.) saxlzeve (abl.) ki mSenebels (sax.) pativi

eqneba (zedmiw. iKos miT). pativi aqun saxlisa mis maSenebelsa mas missa.

cex�osboXoXaana�e�(c)ex kos boxo-xa ana-ke KoveKoveKoveKovelililili sasasasaxlixlixlixli SeSeSeSenenenenebabababa_kategor. rorororomemememelic lic lic lic : kavS. Koveli saxli ueyvelad Sendeba, romelic rameTu Koveli saxli aGeSenis

boXoXahamos�an�e:� "oTeecexbiyay-

hanac

45

boxo-xa hamos-tan-ke: po(‡?)e e-(c)ex bi�-a� han-a(c) SeSeSeSenenenenebabababa_kategor. vinvinvinvin_naT : ganusazG. xoxoxoxololololo? kreb : KoveKoveKoveKovelililili kekekekeTeTeTeTebabababa_namK. rorororomemememelililili_abl.

ueyvelad Sendeba vinmesgan, xolo romlisgan Kovelive ga-keTda

visganme. xolo romelman Kovelive aGaSena,

oen�eb�ġiava:�mowsEshAwaxownne��oen-ke b[ixaJu]G-[e]n a-va: muse�s huax-un ne isicisicisicisic : kavS. Gme Gme Gme GmerTirTirTirTi_erg-instr. KofKofKofKofnananana : mimG. momomomose sase sase sase sarwmurwmurwmurwmu----

no igino igino igino igi : nawevari isic GmerTiT arsebulia (mimG.). mose sarwmuno igia GmerTi ars. da moseca sarwmuno iKo

lowśow�osaoyanalbowha��-�n�e��lu(s)u kos-a o�a nalbu ha(y)[i]n-ke�KveKveKveKvela sala sala sala saxlixlixlixli-mic. mimimimisisisisi msamsamsamsaxuxuxuxuri rori rori rori rogorc gorc gorc gorc : : : : kavS. Kvela mis (mic.) saxlsa, rogorc msaxuri Kovelsave saxlsa missa, viTarca msaxuri

powyay�-�-�-�anaxos� fu�a� [_] an-a-x ost [_] TqmaTqmaTqmaTqma : mimG.? ? egegegeg_mr. ? Tqmuli? ? egeni? ? mowamed TqmulTa maT. aaaa----bubububu `qona~, `Kola~- mimG. _ palimfsestis bubububu `qona~,

`Kola~, ud. bubububu `qona~, `Kola~ (kavkasiis albanurSi dadastu-rebulia agreTve am zmnis arafaringalizebuli variantic _ bubububu).

aaaa----vavavava `Kofna~, àrseboba~ _ mimG. _ ud. baqbaqbaqbaq-es/baqbaqbaqbaq-sun `Kof-na~, àrseboba~ (vavavava- I gramatikuli klas-kategoriis formantia. safiqrebelia, Kofnisa da qona-Kolis aGmniSvneli zmnebi mxo-lod klas-kategoriis formantebiT ganirCevian _ vavavava, babababa/bubububu, bubububu; ix. wina _ aaaa-bubububu).

anaanaanaana-kekekeke `romelic~ (`romeli~+~rom~; maqvemdebarebeli kav-

46

Siria) _ ud. mamamamano no no no (varT.) /mamamamanunununu (niJ.) `romeli~, palimfsestis kekekeke `rom~, Sdr. ud. ke ke ke ke-na /gegegege-na `ki~?.

anaanaanaana-xxxx ègeni~? aneaneaneane+uxuxuxux (mr.) _ palimfsestis aneaneaneane èg~, mr. -uxuxuxux.

babababa-aaaa `Kofna~_awmKo _ ud. baqbaqbaqbaq-es/baqbaqbaqbaq-sun `Kofna~, awmKo -aaaa (safiqrebelia, babababa_ III klas-kategoriis prefiqsia, ix. aaaa-vavavava).

babababa-alalalal `qona~_mKofadi. _ ud. baqbaqbaqbaq-es/baqbaqbaqbaq-sun `Kofna~ (udi-urSi qona-Kolis aGmniSvneli zmna bubububu defeqturia, igi mxo-lod awmKosa da namKo droebs awarmoebs, danarCen paradigmas ki baq baq baq baq-eseseses/baqbaqbaqbaq-sunsunsunsun zmnis dro-kiloebi avseben), mKofadi -alalalal.

beSbeSbeSbeS-iiii `Cveni~_naT. _ ud. beSbeSbeSbeS `Cveni~, naT. -iiii. bi�bi�bi�bi�-a�a�a�a� `keTeba~_namKo _ ud. bbbb-es/bbbb-esun `keTeba~, namKo -a�a�a�a�

(bibibibi_ III gramatikuli klas-kategoriis formantia, Ziria ��, Sdr. lezg. i��i-z `keTeba~).

[bibibibixaxaxaxaJuGJuGJuGJuG]-o�o�o�o� an [bibibibixoGxoGxoGxoG]-o�o�o�o� `GmerTi~ (> `Semoqmedi~)_naT. _ ud. bibibibixaxaxaxaJuG JuG JuG JuG / bibibibixoGxoGxoGxoG `GmerTi~ (Pl.tantum), naT. -o�o�o�o�.

bbbb[ixaixaixaixaJuJuJuJu]GGGG-[eeee]nnnn an bbbb[ixoixoixoixo]GGGG-[eeee]nnnn `GmerTi~_erg-instr. _ ud. bibibibixaxaxaxaJuGJuGJuGJuG/ bibibibixoGxoGxoGxoG `GmerTi~ (Pl.tantum), erg. -en en en en (instrumentali-sis funqciiTac ixmareba).

boboboboxoxoxoxo-xaxaxaxa `Seneba~_kategor. (naw-kavS.) (zedmiw. aSendeba uTuod, aucileblad, ueyvelad) _ ud. biKbiKbiKbiK-es/biKbiKbiKbiK-esun `Seneba~, naw.-kavS. -KaKaKaKa (bobobobo- III gramatikuli klas-kategoriis formantia).

eeee-koskoskoskos-axoaxoaxoaxo(cccc) `saxli~_ abl. _ ud. koJkoJkoJkoJ (varT) /kojkojkojkoj (niJ) `saxli~, abl -oxooxooxooxo (eeee- safiqrebelia, qarTulis -veveveve nawilakis msgavs semantikas gamoxatavdes; ablativi am SemTxvevaSi Sedare-biT xarisxs gamoxatavs, Sdr. ud. me xod te xod xod xod xod----axo axo axo axo qala-ne ès xe im xexexexezezezeze (zedmiw. xisxisxisxisgangangangan) didia; samecniero literatura-Si udiuris Sesaxeb miiCneoda, rom niJis dialeqtis forma kojkojkojkoj dezafrikatizaciis Sedegad unda iKos miGebuli _ fanCviZe 1974: 44; Talibovi 1980: 183 ... kavkasiis albanuris forma koskoskoskos sapirispiros amtkicebs).

eeee-(cccc)exexexex `Koveli~ (gansazGvrebiTi nacvalsaxeli) _ dadgeni-lia konteqstis mixedviT (eeee- savaraudod, qarTulis -veveveve nawi-lakis msgavs semantikas gamoxatavs).

47

vavavava `Kofna~ _ awmKo _ ud. baqbaqbaqbaq-es/baqbaqbaqbaq-sun `Kofna~, awmKo -aaaa (safiqrebelia vavavava<*vavavava-aaaa; vavavava- I gramatikuli klas-kategoriis formantia. ix. aaaa-vavavava).

iCiCiCiC-e�e�e�e� `Tavisi~-naT. _ ud. iCiiCiiCiiCi `Tavisi~, iCiCiCiC `TviTon~, naT. -e�e�e�e�. ixoixoixoixo-��-oooo `Seneba~-mimG. (namKos) _ ud. biKbiKbiKbiK-es/biKbiKbiKbiK-esun `Sene-

ba~, namKos mimG. -iiii/�� (-oooo masubstantivebeli sufiqsi, Sdr. ud. _oooo).

ixuixuixuixu-gogogogoxunxunxunxun `didi~_aGm. _ dadgenilia konteqstis mixedviT (ixuixuixuixu- safiqrebelia, damxmare sitKvaa, aGmatebiT xarisxs awar-moebs; -unununun derivaciuli afiqsia, xSirad gamoKenebulia zedsar-Tavi saxelis mawarmoeblad, Sdr. igive funqciiT ud. -unununun _ warmoSobiT, naTesaobiTi brunvis formantia).

ihihihih[eeee]-anaanaanaana-kekekeke `rameTu~ (`ra~ + `romelic~ < `romeli~ + `rom~; maqvemdebarebeli kavSiria) _ ud. eeee (varT)/ hehehehe (niJ) `ra~, palimfsestis anaanaanaana /hahahahana na na na `romeli~, ke ke ke ke `rom~).

kekekeke `rom~ (maqvemdebarebeli kavSiria; Cveulebriv qarTuli nawilakebis -cccc, -kikikiki funqciiTac ixmareba, Sdr. ud. -TeTeTeTe maqvem-debarebeli kavSiris funqciebs) _ ud. ke ke ke kenananana/gegegegenananana `ki~ ? (maqvem-debarebeli kavSiria)

koskoskoskos `saxli~ _ ud. koJkoJkoJkoJ (varT)/kojkojkojkoj (niJ) `saxli~, ix. eeee-koskoskoskos-axoaxoaxoaxo(cccc)

koskoskoskos-aaaa `saxli~-mic. _ ud. koJkoJkoJkoJ (varT)/kojkojkojkoj (niJ) `saxli~, mic. -aaaa. ku ku ku ku `pativi~? _ dadgenilia konteqstis mixedviT. lulululu(ssss)uuuu `Kvela~ (gansazGvrebiTi nacvalsaxeli) _ dadgeni-

lia konteqstis mixedviT.

mumumumuse�se�se�se�ssss `mose~ _ berZ. Μωυσης, ebr./sir. muSe, qarT. mose,

somx. Մովսէս.

mumumumuse�se�se�se�ssss-axaxaxax[oooo(cccc)] `mose~_abl. _ berZ. Μωυσης, ebr./sir. mu-

Se, qarT. mose, somx. Մովսէս, ud. abl. -oxooxooxooxo (ablativi am Se-mTxvevaSi SedarebiT xarisxs gamoxatavs, ix. eeee-koskoskoskos-axoaxoaxoaxo(cccc)).

nanananallllbubububu `msaxuri~ _ dadgenilia konteqstis mixedviT (am sitKvaSi, Cveni azriT, unda gamoeKos _ bubububu, Sdr. ud. bubububu `Kola~, `qona~).

nenenene ìs~, ìgi~ (Cv. nacvalsaxelia, Cveulebriv nawevaris fun-

48

qciiTac gomoiKeneba. safiqrebelia, rom am SemTxvevaSi meSveli zmnis funqciasac asrulebs, Sdr. ud. III mx. piris formantis _nenenene funqciebs, mag., Gar-nenenene `biyia~).

nenenene-nnnn ìs~_erg.-instrument. (Cv. nacvalsaxelia) _ palim-fsestis nenenene ìs~, ìgi~, ud. erg. -en en en en (Cveulebriv instrumenta-lisis funqciiTac ixmareba), *nenenene-enenenen > nenenene-nnnn.

��[esuesuesuesu]ssss-anananan ìeso~-naT. _ berZ. Ιησους, qarT. iesu/�esu,

somx. Յիսուս, ud. naT. -unununun. oenoenoenoen ìs~ (III mx. piris nacvalsaxeli) _ ud. III mx. piris

formantia -nenenene. oenoenoenoen-kekekeke ìsic~ (ìgi~+~rom~; am SemTxvevaSi maqvemdebarebeli

kavSiris funqciiT ixmareba, rogorc udiuri mamamamanononono-TeTeTeTe ìgic~). o�o�o�o�aaaa `misi~ (kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxeli; safiqrebelia, rom

warmoSobiT o� o� o� o� _ naTesaobiTi brunvis formanti unda iKos). popopopo(‡‡‡‡?)eeee `xolo~? _ dadgenilia konteqstis mixedviT. unununun `da~ (maerTebeli kavSiri) _ dadgenilia konteqstis mi-

xedviT. fu�fu�fu�fu�aaaa-�� `Tqma~_mimG? (namKos) _ ud. ffff-es/ffff-esun `Tqma~,

namKos mimG. -iiii/��.

qqqq[risrisrisristotototo]ssss-anananan `qriste~_naT. _ berZ. Χριστος, somx.

Քրիստոս, ud. naT. -unununun. (cccc)exexexex `Koveli~ (gansazGvrebiTi nacvalsaxeli) _ dadgeni-

lia konteqstis mixedviT. hahahahamamamama-tuntuntuntun ìs~ (Cv. nacvalsaxeli)_naT. _ ud. naT. -tuntuntuntun (-tttt

gasubstantivebuli saxelebis brunebisas ixmareba). hahahahamosmosmosmos-tantantantan-kekekeke `vin~ (kiTx. nacvalsaxeli)_naT. + maq. kavS. _

ud. naT. -tuntuntuntun (-tttt gasubstantivebuli saxelebis brunebisas ix-mareba), kekekekenananana/gegegegenananana `ki~ (maqvemdebarebeli kavSiria).

hhhh[ana�ana�ana�ana�----oooo]-kekekeke `romelic~ (`romeli~ + ~rom~) Sdr. anaanaanaana-kekekeke _ dadgenilia konteqstis mixedviT (-oooo masubstantivebeli sufiq-si, Sdr. ud. -oooo).

hanhanhanhan-aaaa((((cccc)))) `romeli~_abl. _ ud. abl. _oxooxooxooxo, palimfsestis abl. oooo(cccc)/aaaa(cccc).

hahahaha(yyyy)inininin-kekekeke `rogorc~, `viTarc~ (`rogori~ + `rom~; maqvemde-

49

barebeli kavSiria) _ dadgenilia konteqstis mixedviT. hehehehefefefefesunsunsunsun-o�o�o�o� àGsareba~ (zedmiw. ? + `Tqma~)_ naT. _ ud.

ffff-eseseses/ffff-esunesunesunesun `Tqma~, naT. -o�o�o�o�. huhuhuhuaaaaxunxunxunxun `sarwmuno~, `yeSmariti~ _ dadgenilia konteqstis

mixedviT (-unununun derivaciuli afiqsia, xSirad gamoKenebulia zed-sarTavi saxelis mawarmoeblad, Sdr. igive funqciiT ud. -unununun, warmoSobiT, naTesaobiTi brunvis formantia).

n on on on o n a m an a m an a m an a m a m im im im i s es es es e i Si Si Si S v iv iv iv i l i l i l i l i

sizsizsizsizmamamamari da ocri da ocri da ocri da ocneneneneba fuba fuba fuba fuZeZeZeZeTa kavTa kavTa kavTa kavSiSiSiSiririririsasasasaTvis qarTvis qarTvis qarTvis qarTulTulTulTulSiSiSiSi sizmari fsiqologebis azriT, miCneulia Zilis gansaz-

Gvrul fazebSi fsiqikuri Sinaarsebisa da TvalsaCino warmo-dgenebis halucinaciuri tipis mimdinareobad (e. aepli, r. bo-sardi, m. Srede...).

sifxizlis procesebidan Zili Kvelaze monaTesavea ocne-bisa. orive SemTxvevaSi arsebiTia subieqtis pasiur mdgomareo-baSi fantaziis Tavisufali moqmedeba. àm naTesaobas sizmrisas ocnebasTan, rogorc Cans, xalxic amCnevs, radganac mTel rig enebSi sizmars da ocnebas erTdaimave saxels uwodeben~ (r. na-TaZe).

Tanamedrove qarTuli enis monacemebi, am mxriv, TiTqos gansxvavdeba sxva enebisvagan, Tumca sakiTxis diaqroniuli gan-xilva da qarTuli enis dialeqtTa analizi cxadKofs, rom sizsizsizsizmamamamariririri da ococococnenenenebabababa fuZeebi arc qarTulSi warmoadgendnen gamonakliss da zogJer enacvlebodnen kidec erTmaneTs, risi kvalic dGemde daCndeba dialeqtebSi.

50

Ø Ä È Ä Å À Í Ì À Ò Â É À Í ÉØ Ä È Ä Å À Í Ì À Ò Â É À Í ÉØ Ä È Ä Å À Í Ì À Ò Â É À Í ÉØ Ä È Ä Å À Í Ì À Ò Â É À Í É ---- Ó Ö Á À Ò ÉÓ Ö Á À Ò ÉÓ Ö Á À Ò ÉÓ Ö Á À Ò É ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÓÐÄÝÉ×ÉÊÖÒÉ ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÄÁÉÓ À×ÉØÓÀÝÉÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ

ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÖÙËÄÁÀÛÉ “ÈÖÒÌÄÓ” ÂÀÂÄÁÉÓ ÏÈá ÌßÊÒÉÅÓ ÂÀÌÏÚÏ×ÄÍ: I

ÃÀ IIÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÓ ÐÉÒÅÄË ÓÄÒÉÀÛÉ ÃÀ ÍÀÌÚÏ ÓÒÖËÓÀ ÃÀ ÍÀÌÚÏ

ßÉÍÀÒÄßÀÒÓÖËÓ (ÒÄÆÖËÔÀÔÉÖÒÉ I ÃÀ II ) ÌÄÓÀÌÄ ÓÄÒÉÀÛÉ.

ÐÉÒÅÄËÉ ÓÄÒÉÉÓ ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÄÁÉ ßÀÒÌÏÄÁÉÈÀÝ ÃÀ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÉÈÀÝ

ÓÐÄÝÉ×ÉÊÖÒÉÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ; I ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÀ ÛÄÃÂÄÁÀ ÀßÌÚÏÓ

ÓÀÆÄÃÀÏ, ÓÀÓáÅÉÓÏ ØÝÄÅÀ + -ÉÍ-À (ÁÆ., ØÅÓ.), -ÖÍ-À (ÁØ.)

ÓÖ×ÉØÓÄÁÉÓÀÂÀÍ ÃÀ ÉÈÀÒÂÌÍÄÁÀ ÖßÚÅÄÔÄËÉ+ÈÖÒÌÄ: á-ð-ÂÌ-ÉÍ-À /á-ð-

ÂÌ-ÖÍ-À “ÀÛÄÍÄÁÃÀ (ÆÄÃ), ÖÛÄÍÄÁÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄ”. II ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÉ ÀÙßÄÒÉÈÉÀ, ÀáÀÓÉÀÈÄÁÓ ÐÒÄ×ÉØÓ-ÓÖ×ÉØÓÀÝÉÀ ÃÀ

ÌÄÛÅÄËÆÌÍÉÀÍÏÁÀ: Ëé-ÌÀ+(ÀßÌÚÏÓ ×ÖÞÄ+)-ÖÍ-Ä, ÉÈÀÒÂÌÍÄÁÀ

ÖßÚÅÄÔÄËÉ + ÈÖÒÌÄ: Ëé-Ì-ÂðÌ-ÉÍ {ËÉ}<Ëé-ÌÀ-ÂðÌ-ÉÍ {ËÉ} (ÁÆ.),

Ëé-Ì-ÂÄÌ-æÍ-Ä ËÉ|Ëé-Ì-ÂÄÌ-æÉÍ “ÀÛÄÍÄÁÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄ”. ÅÍÄÁÉÈÉ ÂÅÀÒÉÓ ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÄÁÉ ÌáÏËÏÃ -íË/-ÏË ×ÏÒÌÀÍÔÉÈ

ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÃÄÁÉÀÍ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÜÀÄÒÈÅÉÓ ÆÌÍÉÓ ×ÖÞÄÓÀ ÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÉÓ

ÍÉÛÀÍÓ ÛÏÒÉÓ (Å. ÈÏ×ÖÒÉÀ): á-ð/À-Â-íË-Í-À (*á-À-Â-íË-æÍ-À)(ÁÆ.),

á-ð-ÂÌ-ÏË-ÍÀ (ÁØ.) “ÀÛÄÍÃÄÁÏÃÀ (ÆÄÃ), ÖÛÄÍÃÄ-ÁÏÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄ”, Ëé-Ì-

ÂðÌ-ÏË-ÉÍ | Ëé-Ì-Â-íË-ÉÍ (ÁÆ.), Ëé-Ì-ÂÄÌ-ÏË-ÍÄ ËÉ | Ëé-Ì-ÂÄÌ-

ÏË-ÉÍ “ÛÄÍÃÄÁÏÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄ”. II ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÉÓ Ëé-‘Ó Å. ÈÏ×ÖÒÉÀ ÍÀÌÚÏÓ ÌÉÌÙÄÏÁÉÓÄÖË

ÐÒÄ×ÉØÓÈÀÍ ÀÉÂÉÅÄÁÓ. ÌÀ- ÃÀ -ÖÍ- À×ÉØÓÈÀ ÛÄÓÀáÄÁ ÊÉ ÀÙÍÉÛÍÀÅÓ, ÒÏÌ

ÌÀÈÉ ×ÖÍØÝÉÀ ÓÀÒÊÅÄÅÉÀ.

ÒÀÃÂÀÍ ÖßÚÅÄÔËÏÁÀ “ÈÖÒÌÄÓÈÀÍ” ÄÒÈÀÃ II ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÉÓ

ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÀÒÓÉÀ, ÁÖÍÄÁÒÉÅÉÀ, ÖßÚÅÄÔËÉÓÈÅÉÓ ÃÀÌÀáÀÓÉÀÈÄÁÄËÉ

ÐÄÒÌÀÍÓÉÖËÏÁÀ, ÃÉÍÀÌÉÊÖÒÏÁÀ (ÌÏØÌÄÃÄÁÉÓÀ ÈÖ ÌÃÂÏÌÀÒÄÏÁÉÓÀ!) ÀÌ

ÌßÊÒÉÅÉÛÉ ÂÒÀÌÀÔÉÊÖËÀÃÀÝ ÖÍÃÀ ÀÓÀáÖËÉÚÏ.

ÜÅÄÍÉ ÀÆÒÉÈ, ÊÉÈáÅÉÓ ÍÉÛÍÉÓ ØÅÄÛ ÃÀÒÜÄÍÉËÉ Ìé- (< ÌÀ-

)ÐÒÄ×ÉØÓÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÌÉÌÙÄÏÁÖÒÉ ÖÍÃÀ ÉÚÏÓ, ÊÄÒÞÏÃ ÓÀÓÖÁÉÄØÔÏ

ÌÉÌÙÄÏÁÉÓÀÀ. ÅÀÒÀÖÃÉÓ ÓÀ×ÖÞÅÄËÓ ÉÞËÄÅÀ ÆÏÂÉÄÒÈÉ ÀÓÐÄØÔÉ:

ÄÍÀÈÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÈÀ ÌÉÄÒ (Å.ÈÏ×ÖÒÉÀ, À.ÏÍÉÀÍÉ) ÂÀÌÏÈØÌÖËÉÀ

ÌÏÓÀÆÒÄÁÀ, ÒÏÌ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÍÀÌÚÏÓ ÌÉÌÙÄÏÁÉÓ Ìé- ÀËÏÌÏÒ×ÈÀÍ

ÈÀÅÉÓÖ×ËÀÃ ÌÏÍÀÝÅËÄÏÁÓ Ëé- ÐÒÄ×ÉØÓÉ: Ìé-ÔÚðÁ|Ëé-ÔÚÁ-Ä

51

“ÛÄÌßÅÀÒÉ”, Ëé-ãðÁ | Ìé-ãðÁ “ÌÏáÀÒÛÖËÉ”... ÛÄÅÍÉÛÍÀÅÈ, ÒÏÌ

ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖË ËÄØÓÄÌÄÁÛÉ ÍÉÖÀÍÓÖÒÉ ÓáÅÀÏÁÀ, ÈÖÌÝÀ ÌÊÒÈÀËÀÃ, ÌÀÂÒÀÌ

ÌÀÉÍÝ ÛÄÉÌÜÍÄÅÀ: ËéàÄ “ÂÀÌÏÝáÏÁÉËÉ (ÅÉÍÌÄÓ ÌÉÄÒ)” Ö×ÒÏÀ, Ìé-àÄ ÊÉ

“{ÂÀÌÏ}ÌÝáÅÀÒÉ”, Ëé-ÊÒÄ “ÂÀÙÄÁÖËÉ” _ Ìé-ÊðÒ “ÙÉÀ”, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÀÍ

ÈÅÉÈÏÍ ÂÀÉÙÏ, ÀÍ ÓÀÄÒÈÏÃ ÀÒ ÜÀÍÓ, ÅÉÍ ÂÀÀÙÏ; Ëé-ÑÒ-Ä

“ÃÀÓÅÄËÄÁÖËÉ” _ Ìé-ÑÉÒ “ÓÅÄËÉ” (ÍÀÆÌÉÌÙÄÏÁÀÒÉ ÓÀáÄËÉÀ); Ëé-ãðÁ

|Ëé-ãÁÄ “ÌÏáÀÒÛÖËÉ” (ÉÓ ÒÀÝ ÊÏÍÊÒÄÔÖËÌÀ ÐÉÒÌÀ _ ÀÂÄÍÓÌÀ

ÌÏáÀÒÛÀ, ÈÀÅÀÃ ÊÉ ÐÀÝÉÄÍÓÉÀ) _ Ìé-ãðÁ “ÌÏáÀÒÛÖËÉ” (ÀÒÀÖÌÉ, ÉÓ

ÒÀÝ ÌÏÉáÀÒÛÀ ÈÀÅÀÃ ÀÍ ÉÌÐÄÒÓÏÍÀËÖÒÉ ÐÉÒÉÓ ÌÉÄÒ...”). ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖË

À×ÉØÓÈÀ ÍÄÉÔÒÀËÉÆÀÝÉÀ ÂÅÉÀÍÃÄËÉ ÌÏÅËÄÍÀ ÖÍÃÀ ÉÚÏÓ. Ì-‘ÉÀÍ ÌÉÌÙÄÏÁÄÁÓ ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉÝ ÉÓ ÆÌÍÄÁÉ ÛÄÄÓÀÁÀÌÄÁÀ, “ÒÏÌÄËÈÀ

ÓÖÁÉÄØÔÉ ÈÅÉÈÌÏØÌÄÃÉÀ, ÈÅÉÈÌÏÞÒÀÅÉÀ, ÌÉÓÉ ÌÏØÌÄÃÄÁÀ

ÖÊÖÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÉÓÀÀ, ÖÊÖØÝÄÅÉÈÉÀ...” (Ã. ÌÄËÉØÉÛÅÉËÉ).

ÆÄÌÏÈ ÈØÌÖËÉÓ ÂÀÈÅÀËÉÓßÉÍÄÁÉÈ, Ìé- ÐÒÄ×ÉØÓÉÓ ×ÖÍØÝÉÀ II

ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÛÉ ÀØÔÖÀËÉÆÀÝÉÀ ÖÍÃÀ ÉÚÏÓ. ÀÌ ÌÏÓÀÆÒÄÁÉÓÈÅÉÓ

ÃÀÁÒÊÏËÄÁÀÓ ÀÒ ÖÍÃÀ ßÀÒÌÏÀÃÂÄÍÃÄÓ ÉÓ ×ÀØÔÉ, ÒÏÌ ÓÀÀÍÀËÉÆÏ

ÐÒÄ×ÉØÓÉ ÚÅÄËÀ ÔÉÐÉÓ ÂÀÒÃÀÖÅÀË ÆÌÍÀÓÈÀÍ ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ ( ÃÀ ÀÒÀ

áÌÏËÏÃ ÌÄÃÉÏÀØÔÉÅÄÁÈÀÍ), ÒÀÃÂÀÍÀÝ ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉ “ÀØÔÉÅÉÓ

ÊÏÍÅÄÒÓÉÖËÉ ÊÏÍÓÔÒÖØÝÉÉÓ ÌØÏÍÄ ÆÌÍÄÁÉ, ÒÏÌËÄÁÉÝ ÐÀÓÉÅÀÃ

ÉßÏÃÄÁÉÀÍ, ÄÅÒÏÐÖËÉ ÐÀÓÉÅÉÓÀÂÀÍ ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÃÄÁÉÀÍ ÉÌÉÈ, ÒÏÌ ÌÀÈÉ

ÂÒÀÌÀÔÉÊÖËÉ ÓÖÁÉÄØÔÉ (ÉÂÉÅÄ ÀØÔÉÅÉÓ ÐÉÒÃÀÐÉÒÉ ÏÁÉÄØÔÉ) áÛÉÒÀÃ

ÌÏØÌÄÃÄÁÉÓ ÀÂÄÍÓÉÀ ÃÀ ÀÒÀ ÐÀÝÉÄÍÓÉ” (Ã. ÌÄËÉØÉÛÅÉËÉ); ÀÍÀËÏÂÉÖÒÉ

ÓÉÔÖÀÝÉÀÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉÝ: Ëé-Ì-ÃÀÂÒ-ÏË-ÉÍ “ÊÅÃÄÁÏÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄ” ×ÏÒÌÀÛÉ ÀÒÀÅÉÍ ÉÂÖËÉÓáÌÄÁÓ ÌÏØÌÄÃÄÁÉÓ ÀÂÄÍÓÀÃ ÓáÅÀ ÐÉÒÓ ÃÀ ÈÖ

ÌÓÂÀÅÓÉ ÊÏÍÔÄØÓÔÉ ÌÀÉÍÝ ÛÄÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ, ÄÓ ÉØÍÄÁÀ ÌÄÔÉÓÌÄÔÀÃ

áÄËÏÅÍÖÒÉ.

ÀÌÒÉÂÀÃ, Å×ÉØÒÏÁÈ, ÒÏÌ I ÈÖÒÌÄÏÁÉÈÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÀÛÉ ÏÒÉ

ÌÉÌÙÄÏÁÖÒÉ ÐÒÄ×ÉØÓÉ ÌÏÍÀßÉËÄÏÁÓ: Ëé- _ ÍÀÌÚÏ ÃÒÏÉÓÀ,

ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÌÀÒÈËÀÝ ÌÏØÌÄÃÄÁÉÓ ÃÒÏÆÄ ÌÉÖÈÉÈÄÁÓ (ÀØ ßÀÒÓÖËÉÓ

ÀÌÓÀáÅÄËÉ ÓáÅÀ À×ÉØÓÉ ÀÒÝÀ ÂÅÀØÅÓ) ÃÀ Ìé-, ÒÏÌËÉÓ ×ÖÍØÝÉÀ,

ßÀÒÓÖËÛÉ ÌÏØÌÄÃÄÁÉÓ (ÀÍ ÌÃÂÏÌÀÒÄÏÁÉÓ ÐÒÏÝÄÓÉÓ) ÃÉÍÀÌÉÊÖÒÏÁÉÓ

ÐÄÒÌÀÍÓÉÖËÏÁÉÓ, ÌÏÁÉËÖÒÏÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÅÀÓÈÀÍ ÄÒÈÀÃ,

ÀØÔÖÀËÉÆÀÝÉÀ ÖÍÃÀ ÉÚÏÓ. (ÛÃÒ. ÌÄÓÀÌÄ ÓÄÒÉÉÓ ÍÀÌÚÏ ÓÒÖËÉÓ

×ÏÒÌÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÀÂÒÄÈÅÄ ÀÙßÄÒÉÈÉÀ: À-Ë-ÛÉá-Ä ËÉ (*ÀÍ-Ëé-ÛÉá-Ä

52

ËÉ) “ÃÀÌßÅÀÒÀ”, Ä-Ë-ÓÉÐ-Ä ËÉ (*ÄÓ-Ëé-ÓÉÐ-Ä ËÉ) “ÂÀÃÀØÝÄÖËÀ”; ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÅáÄÃÀÅÈ, Ìé- ÐÒÄ×ÉØÓÉ ÀØ ÀÒ ×ÉÂÖÒÉÒÄÁÓ; ÀËÁÀÈ ÉÌÉÔÏÌ,

ÒÏÌ ÄÓ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉ ÐÒÏÝÄÓÓ ÊÉ ÀÒÀ, ÛÄÃÄÂÓ ÂÀÃÌÏÓÝÄÌÄÍ, ÀÌÉÔÏÌÀÝ

ÌÀÀØÔÉÅÄÁÄË À×ÉØÓÓ ÀÒ ÓÀàÉÒÏÄÁÄÍ.

ÓÀÀÍÀËÉÆÏ ÌßÊÒÉÅÄÁÉÓ -ÖÍ- ÓÖ×ÉØÓÉ (á-À-ÌóÒ-ÉÍ-À (ÁÆ.), á-À-ÌÀÒ-

ÖÍ-À (ÁØ.) “ÖÌÆÀÃÄÁÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄ”, Ëé-Ì-ÌÀÒ-ÉÍ {ËÉ} (< Ëé-Ìé-ÌÀÒ-æÉÍ

ËÉ) (ÁÆ.), Ëé-Ì-ÌÀÒ-æÍ-Ä ËÉ “ÀÌÆÀÃÄÁÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄ”, Ëé-Ì-ÌêÒ-ÏËÉÍ

(<*Ëé-Ìé-ÌÀÒ-ÏË-æÉÍ) “ÌÆÀÃÃÄÁÏÃÀ ÈÖÒÌÄ”), ÌÀÔÄÒÉÀËÖÒÀÃ

ÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀ ÌÚÏ×ÀÃ ÓÒÖËÉÓ (À-ÌêÒ-ÖÍ-É (ÁÆ.), É-ÌÀÒ-æÍ-É (ÁØ.)

“ÀÌÆÀÃÄÁÃÄÓ ÉØÍÄÁÀ”; ÃÀ ÐÉÒÏÁÉÈÉÓ (É-ÌÀÒ-æÍ-Éæ (ÁØ.) “ÒÏÌ

ÄÌÆÀÃÄÁÉÍÀ”) ÃÀÁÏËÏÄÁÄÁÓ.

ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖË ÌßÊÒÉÅÈÀ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉÈ ÂÀÃÌÏÝÄÌÖËÉÀ: 1. ßÀÒÓÖËÛÉ

ÛÄÓÀÓÒÖËÄÁÄËÉ, ÂÀÒÊÅÄÖËÉ ÐÉÒÏÁÉÓ ÛÄÌÝÅÄËÉ, ÓÀÄàÅÏ,

ÓÀÅÀÒÀÖÃÏ, ÖÍÀáÀÅÉ ÀÍ 2. ÀÓÄÅÄ ÂÀÒÊÅÄÖËÉ ÐÉÒÏÁÉÓ ÛÄÌÝÅÄËÉ,

ÌÏÌÀÅÀËÛÉ ÛÄÓÀÓÒÖËÄÁÄËÉ, ÓÀÄàÅÏ, ÓÀÅÀÒÀÖÃÏ, ÃÀÖÓÀÁÖÈÄÁÄËÉ

ÃÀ, ÈÀÅÉÓÈÀÅÀÃ, ÊÅËÀÅ ÖÍÀáÀÅÉ ÌÏØÌÄÃÄÁÀ (ÛÃÒ. ØÀÒÈ. {ÒÏÌ}

ÌÄÊÄÈÄÁÉÍÀ, {ÒÏÌ} ÂÀÌÀÊÄÈÄÁÉÍÀ).

ÜÀÌÏÈÅËÉË ÌßÊÒÉÅÄÁÛÉ -ÖÍ- À×ÉØÓÉÓ ÉÃÄÍÔÖÒÏÁÀ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÉÈÉ

ÀÒ ÖÍÃÀ ÉÚÏÓ. Å×ÉØÒÏÁÈ, ÉÂÉ ÀÒØÀÖËÉÀ ÃÀ ÌÏÌÃÉÍÀÒÄÏÁÓ ÏÃÄÍ

ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ãÂÖ×ÄÁÉÓ ÀÒÓÄÁÏÁÉÓ ÃÒÏÉÃÀÍ. -ÖÍ-‘ÉÓ ×ÖÍØÝÉÉÓ

ÃÉ×ÄÒÄÍÝÉÀÝÉÀ ÌßÊÒÉÅÈÀ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ ÌÏÂÅÉÀÍÄÁÉÈ ÖÍÃÀ ÌÏÌáÃÀÒÉÚÏ,

ÈÖÌÝÀ ÚÅÄËÀ ÀÌ ×ÏÒÌÀÛÉ ÆÏÂÉ ÒÀÌ _ ÃÀÖÓÀÁÖÈÄÁËÏÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ

ÖÍÀáÀÏÁÉÓ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÀ _ ÃÙÄÓÀÝ ÓÀÄÒÈÏÀ.

nnnn aaaa n a m an a m an a m an a m a y ay ay ay a v av av av a r ir ir ir i aaaa n in in in i

mwermwermwermwerTa afxaTa afxaTa afxaTa afxazuzuzuzuri sari sari sari saxelxelxelxelwowowowodedededebebebebebis sebis sebis sebis semanmanmanmantitititikurkurkurkur----struqstruqstruqstruqtutututu----rurururuli anali anali anali analilililizizizizi

enis leqsikis semasiologiuri TvalsazrisiT Seswavla

upirvelesad iTvaliswinebs sitKvis mniSvnelobis daxasiaTebas, misi semnatikuri struqturis aGweras sinqronul doneze.

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aGsaniSnisa da aGmniSvnelis urTierTmimarTebaSi saintere-soa aGmniSvnelis semantikuri agebuleba, misi leqsikuri sin-tagmatika, enobrivi metafora.

cnobilia, rom enobriv erTobebs erTimeorisagan ganasxva-vebs aGsaniSnsa da aGmniSvnels Soris sxvadasxvagvari midgoma.

sxvadasxva enaSi sxvadasxvagvaradaa asaxuli obieqturi si-namdvile: sivrce, bunebis movlenebi, mcenareTa Tu cxovelTa samKaro.

enis leqsikis ama Tu im ubanSi ukufenilia enobrivi er-Tobis Kofis sxvadasxvaoba, radgan Kofis sxvadasxvaoba gan-sazGvravs swored im Taviseburebebs, romlebic sxvadasxva enis leqsikuri fondis Sinagan danawevrebaSi SeimCneva.

afxazuri enis ZiriTadi leqsikuri fondis soliduri na-wili mwerTa aGmniSvnel saxelebs moicavs.

semantikuri TvalsazrisiT mwerTa leqsika SeiZleba daiKos mfrinav da mxoxav, adamianisaTvis sargeblobis momtan, Tu es-Tetikuri siamovnebis momgvrel, zianis mimKenebel mwerTa sa-xelwodebebad.

struqturuli TvalsazrisiT cxovelTa leqsikaSi gamoiKofa sxvadasxva modelebi.

• mfrinavi, adamianisaTvis sargeblobis momtania aaaa----SxaSxaSxaSxa `futkari~, am fuZisagan afxazurSi araerTi sitKvaa nawarmoe-

bi: aaaa----SxˆcSxˆcSxˆcSxˆc èrTi futkari~, -c sufiqsi `calis~ aGmniSvnelia; aaaa----SxarSxarSxarSxar `muSa futkari~, SesaZloa -r am leqsemaSi iKos naSTi sitKvisa ar `Jari~, anu `Jariskaci futkari~; aaaa----SxawSxawSxawSxaw◦ `gundi futkrisa~, aaaa----SxaSxaSxaSxaranranranran `deda futkari~, sitKvis pirveli nawilia igive a-Sxa `futkari~, mas mosdevs mravlobiTi ricxvis kuT-vnilebis r- prefiqsi da an `deda~ leqsema. sitKvasitKviT: `futkari (maTi) deda~; aGsaniSnavia, rom sitKva aaaa----SxaSxaSxaSxa `futka-ri~ mxolobiT ricxvSia, kuTvnilebis afiqsi ki mravlobiTisa aqvs.

SxaSxaSxaSxa----nˆhnˆhnˆhnˆh◦aaaa `futkris salocavi~, a-nHh◦ara `locva~, zedmi-

wevniT: `futkr(is) locva~, aaaa----SxˆmzaSxˆmzaSxˆmzaSxˆmza/ / / / aSxˆmZaaSxˆmZaaSxˆmZaaSxˆmZa `ska~, a a a a----SxagSxagSxagSxag◦araaraaraara `safutkre~, ag◦ara `Gobe~, sitKvasitKviT: `futkris Gobe~.

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ganxiluli, kompoziciis gziT Sedgenili saxelwodebebi afxa-zuri enis gramatikul normaTa dacviTaa nawarmoebi: sazGvru-li win uswrebs msazGvrels.

futkris saxelisa da misgan naKari fuZeebis simravle imis maCvenebelia, rom afxazebi mefutkreobas ZvelTaganve misdev-dnen.

aaaa----KanyKanyKanyKany/ / / / aaaa----KanyKanyKanyKany----xxxx◦acacacac àbreSumis yia~, a-x◦ac `yias~ niSnavs da-moukideblad. es sitKva nasesxebi Cans afxazurSi. Sdr.: qarTu-li `Kayis yia~, leqsemis meore nawili kalkirebulic kia. a-Kan-yZaara `meabreSumeoba~, a-Zaara àGzrda~, anu abreSumis aGzrda~. meabreSumeoba afxazTaTvis SedarebiT axali saqmiano-baa, amas isic mowmobs, rom afxazurSi abreSumis yiis aGmniS-vneli sitKva nasesxebia.

• mfrinavi, adamianisaTvis esTetikuri siamovnebis momgvre-lia aaaa----farfarfarfarfalˆkfalˆkfalˆkfalˆk/ / / / aaaa----farfarfarfarfalˆkfalˆkfalˆkfalˆk½½½½/aaaa----xˆCfˆfˆrxˆCfˆfˆrxˆCfˆfˆrxˆCfˆfˆr(bzif.) `pepela~, Sdr.: qarTuli farfali/parpali.

aaaa----ZˆrkZˆrkZˆrkZˆrk◦iiii/ / / / aaaa----bgarˆmZ bgarˆmZ bgarˆmZ bgarˆmZ (bzif.) `cicinaTela~, èlvana~ sitKvis pirveli nawili a-bga `mgelia~, mas mosdevs mravlobiTi ricxvis kuTvnilebis r- prefiqsi da amZ<amw `buzi~ leqsema. sitKva-sitKviT: `mgeli maTi buzi~, aGsaniSnavia, rom sitKva a-bga `mge-li~, mxolobiT ricxvSia, kuTvnilebis afiqsi ki mravlobiTisa aqvs.

• adamianisaTvis zianis mimKenebel mwerTa saxelwodebebia: aaaa----mwmwmwmw `buzi~, aaaa----lamwlamwlamwlamw `ZaGlis mweri~, a-la `ZaGli~, a-mw `buzi~,

sitKvasitKviT: `mgl(is) buzi~, aaaa----cccc◦ˆmwˆmwˆmwˆmw `buzankali~, a-c◦ `xari~, a-mw `buzi~, zedmiwevniT: `xaris buzi~, aaaa----cccccccc `qinqla~, aaaa----‚‚‚‚ `CrCili~, akubrâkubrâkubrâkubrˆ `koGo~, akubrˆ ssaakubrˆ ssaakubrˆ ssaakubrˆ ssa `wvrili qinqla~, aaaa----wawawawa `tili, mkbenari~, aaaa----ZZZZ `rwKili~, aaaa----ZTraZTraZTraZTra `sarwKile~, -Tra SemozGuduli sivrcis aGmniSvneli sufiqsi. akaakaakaakawawawawa `baGlinJo~, aaaa----xxxx◦acacacac `yia~, aaaa----xxxx◦aaaa `xorcis matli aaaa----xxxx◦arSarSarSarS ´́́́/ / / / aaaa----xxxx◦arSarSarSarS ´́́́ˆ̂̂̂ `boboli

(xis didi matli), axaxaxax◦ayaayaayaaya----mamamamayayayaya `yia-Gua, mweri~ Sdr.: qarTuli

xoyo, aaaa----SSSS ´́́́xˆrcxˆrcxˆrcxˆrc◦aGaGaGaG½½½½ `krazana, bziki~, aaaa----bˆzkabˆzkabˆzkabˆzkaTaTaTaTahahahaha òboba, babayua, feiqara~, aaaa----bbbbˆzkaˆzkaˆzkaˆzkaTaTaTaTahahahaharararara àblabuda, obobas qseli~, sitKvis pir-veli nawili aaaa----bˆzbˆzbˆzbˆz èna~, meore nawili (a)kaTa `bade~, mesame

55

nawilis mniSvnelobaa aaaa----hahahaha----rararara `qsova~. a a a a----SSSS ´́́́gSgSgSgS ´́́́kamkamkamkamsasasasa `yianyvela~, sitKvis meore nawili kamsa<qamsa `banJgvliani~ zedsarTavia, pirveli ki aaaa----SSSS ´́́́ˆSˆSˆSˆS´ ´ ´ ´ qarTuli * yiany fuZis bgeraTfardi saxe-li unda iKos.

amgvarad, mwerTa afxazuri saxelwodebani struqturulad aris: odenfuZiani, afiqsiani, kompoziciiT miGebuli. zemoT ganxiluli, kompoziciis gziT Sedgenili saxelwodebebi afxa-zuri enis gramatikul normaTa dacviTaa nawarmoebi: sazGvru-li win uswrebs msazGvrels.

cxovelTa da frinvelTa saxelwodebebisagan gansxvavebiT, mwerTa saxelwodebebSi motivacia naklebad SeiniSneba. leqsi-kuri fondis es ubani odenfuZiani saxelwodebebis simravli-Tac gamoirCeva.

k ok ok ok o b a m ib a m ib a m ib a m i T a gT a gT a gT a g v av av av a r i ar i ar i ar i a sasasasaxexexexelulululuri sitKvari sitKvari sitKvari sitKvawarwarwarwarmomomomoeeeeba adiGeurba adiGeurba adiGeurba adiGeurSiSiSiSi.... IIII. . . . rerereredupdupdupduplilililikakakakaciaciaciacia

reduplikacia sitKvawarmoebis umniSvnelovanesi saSuale-baa, romelsac garkveuli adgili uyiravs adiGeur enaSic.

saxeluri fuZeebis fonetikuri cvlilebebis gareSe gan-meoreba iSviaTia (mag., fsˆ-fsˆ `dolbandi~). tipiuria redup-likacia bgerebis SecvliT.

reduplicirebuli sitKvebi iKofa or Jgufad: a) mcire Jgufs Seadgenen xmovanSecvlili sitKvebi. aq

gamoiKofa leqsemebi, romlebSic maxvilis adgilmdebareobis mixedviT xdeba –––– da aaaa xmovanTa monacvleoba:

mag. naaaan(–) <*n––––-n–––– `deda~ Sdr. n––––-n––––-(ˆ) `bebia~. aris SemTxvevebi aaaa º –––– xmovnebis Senacvlebisa …(ˆ) xmov-

niT: haaaaw-…………w <*haaaaw-hºˆ̂̂̂w `qvewarmavali~

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b) meore Jgufi sitKvebisa ufro damaxasiaTebelia adiGeurisaTvis, romelSic xdeba reduplikacia Tanxmovani bge-rebis SecvliT:

1) TanxmovanTa substitucia: ƒƒƒƒabz–-llllÀabz(–) `Zalian sufTa~, Sdr. ƒabza `sufTa~; ddddˆJˆ-

rrrrˆJ(ˆ) `Zalian mware~, Sdr. dˆJˆ `mware~.

2) Tanxmovnis Secvla zzzz¶¶¶¶o TanxmovniT, romelsac SeuZlia

sitKvis dasawKisSi Caanacvlos nebismieri Tanxmovani:

mmmm–ƒ◦ˆ-zzzz¶¶¶¶o–ƒ◦ˆ `Tiva da rame~, Sdr. m–ƒ◦ˆ `Tiva~;

SSSSams–T-zzzz¶¶¶¶oams–T `Samseti da rame~, Sdr. Sams–T (anTropo-

nimi). Tu gaorkecebisas pirveli komponenti ��––––, �ˆ�ˆ�ˆ�ˆ, …………––––, …a…a…a…a dif-

TongebiT iwKeba, maSin meore komponentSi zzzz¶¶¶¶o difTongebis pir-

vel elements enacvleba.

��–bzˆ-zzzz¶¶¶¶o–bzˆ `nakeli da rame~; …ˆ…ˆ…ˆ…â�–-zzzz¶¶¶¶

o–�– `wvima da ra-

me~.

Tu sitKva iwKeba aaaa xmovniT, am SemTxvevaSi zzzz¶¶¶¶o bgera

sitKvas TavSi daerTvis Senacvlebis gareSe:

mag.: aaaarƒ-zzzz¶¶¶¶oarƒ àraKi da rame~

3) Tanxmovnis Senacvleba TanxmovanTa kompleqsiT: ddddˆJˆ-fsfsfsfsˆJ(ˆ) `Zalian mware~, Sdr. dˆJˆ `mware~.

4) TanxmovanTa kompleqsis Canacvleba TanxmovniT: ffffx–S´–-nnnnaS´(–) `Zalian didi~; ffffs–…-mmmma… `mTeli da uvnebeli~, Sdr. fs–…(ˆ) `mTliani,

JanmrTeli~. reduplikaciis gziT miGebuli sitKvebisTvis agreTve da-

maxasiaTebelia ara mxolod calkeuli bgerebis, aramed mar-cvlebis Senacvlebac.

d–G◦-fsˆG◦ `sruliad Kru~, Sdr. d–G◦ˆ `Kru~

ƒabz–-‡◦ˆbz(–) `Zalian sufTa~, Sdr. ƒabz– `sufTa~. amgvarad, reduplikaciis gziT miGebul kompozitebSi

pirveli komponentis pirvel Tanxmovans an TanxmovanTa kom-pleqss, rogorc wesi, sitKvis meore komponentSi Seenacvlebian

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Semdegi Tanxmovnebi da TanxmovanTa kompleqsebi: ssss, SSSS, fsfsfsfs, pypypypy, ƒƒƒƒ,

wwww, nnnn, zzzz¶¶¶¶o.

reduplikaciis gziT miGebuli sitKvebiT aGiniSneba: krebiTo-ba, distribuciuloba, niSanTvisebis gaZliereba.

n i k o o T in i k o o T in i k o o T in i k o o T i n a Sn a Sn a Sn a S v iv iv iv i l i l i l i l i sosososofel wirfel wirfel wirfel wirqoqoqoqolis onolis onolis onolis onomasmasmasmastitititika ka ka ka

sofeli mdebareobs mdinare qsnis Sua welze, mis marJvena

mxares sadac aGmarTulia didebuli wirqolis cixe, romelTa-nac araerTi sabrZolo epizodia dakavSirebuli saistorio ma-salebis mixedviT.

sofeli moxseniebulia wirqvalis formiT vaxuSti da io-ane bagrationebis SromebSi. igi datanialia vaxuStis rukebze mdinare qsnis marJvena mxares da dGesac iq lokalizdeba. mdi-dar masalas Seicavs soflis onomastikonis Sesaxeb `1774 da 1781 wlebis qsnis xeobis statistikuri~ aGweriloba.

xeoba ZvelTaganve dasaxlebuli iKo qarTuli tomebiT, romelTa Sesaxeb cnobebs gvawvdis toponimebi da anTroponime-bi. toponimikuri saxelwodebebis mdgradoba saSualebas gvaZ-levs xeobaSi da xsenebul sofelSi gamovavlinoT is elemente-bi, romlebic Tanamedrove leqsikidan gaqra. aseve gamovavli-noT Zveli dialeqturi niSnebi, avxsnaT movlenebi leqsikaSi, fonetikaSi, sintaqsSi.

soflis onomastikuri masala Sekrebili gvaqvs daaxloe-biT Cvidmeti wlis win da mis gadamowmebas vawarmoebdiT peri-odulad. sul Sekrebili gvaqvs asze meti toponimi. gvarebidan maSin davadastureT ocdaxuTi gvari, romelTa nawili dGes sofelSi aGar cxovrobs, magram toponimiaSi darCa. dGeisa-Tvis sofelSi gansaxlebulia: qutaSvili, Sermadini, morbeda-

58

Ze, TaTriSvili, fsuturi, yarxalaSvili, gabrielaSvili, xri-kuli, gamxitaSvili, ficxelauri, megreliSvili, basikaSvili, odiSvili, xalbegaSvili, ZerKoraSvili.

toponimebidan _ wKaroebis, xevebis, wKlebis kompozitur saxelTa meore komponentad gvxvdeba: wKali, wKaro, xevi, Gele: dampal wKali, dampali wKaroebi, qowKobilis wKali, didGele, verZa wKaro, didi wKaro, TeTri wKaro, osas morevi, Kudrebis wKaro, darbaxevi, gorTamaanT wKaro, xevi da sxv.

adgilebis, mTebis, qedebis kompozitur saxelTa meore komponentad gvaqvs: miwa, mTa, qedi, axo, mzvare, Cirdili: iases miwa, batonis miwa, qedis miwa, fSareuli mTa, didi mTa, sa-mgle qedi, cixis qedi, zanguraanT qedebi, fSavliaanT axo, va-nes axo, goglas axo, GvTiSobli mzvare, zebaKuris mzvare, Txilvanis Cirdili, lomisis Cirdili, saKdris Cirdili.

toponimuri punqtebis kompozitur saxelTa meore kompo-nentad gvxvdeba ubani, an win erTvis zemo qvemo. mag. ficxela-anT ubani (ficxelaurebi), JambuaanT ubani (qutaSvilebi), xri-kulT ubani (xrikulebi), ZerKoraanT ubani (ZerKoraSvilebi), zemo ubani (axali dasaxleba), qvemo ubani (morbedaZeebi).

toponimur saxelTa erTi Jgufi Seicavs adamianis gvars an saxels, romelsac Tan erTvis mawarmoebeli sufiqsi -an || anT: gorTamaani (wasuli gvari milaZeebi), Jambriaani (wasuli gvari JambriSvilebi), bejiaani (wasuli gvari kobaurebi), mo-rbedaanTi (morbedaZeebis), myedliaanTi (myedliZeebi), odiaan-Ti (odiSvilebi), gamxitaanTi (gamxitaSvilebi).

qarTluri kilos qsnur metKvelebaSi _ ur || ul sufiq-sebs aqvT potencia aGniSnon sxvadasxva funqcia. sofelSi Sina-arsis mixedviT dasturdeba toponimuri saxelebi, romlebic warmoqmnilia sakuTari saxelisgan da TviT toponimidan, mag.: zamTareuli (qedi), kowaxurebi (buCqnari), saxizuri (saxnavi), cauri (axo), baramuli (qutaSvilis axo), kurdGelauri (cxov-robdnen kurdGelaSvilebi), pantnauri (klde), saqasuri (Kofi-li saxnavi), zebaKuri (saZovari) da sxva.

mravlobiTSi gvxvdeba toponimebi, romlebic ZiriTadad

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adgilis sidides gaxazavs, mag.: kowaxurebi (buCqnari), sabadu-rebi (qedi), bagebi (saxnavebi), didvelebi (saTibebi), naxizanre-bi (saTibebi), Jvarmiwebi (niSi), Gvinarebi (veli), veZaT qedebi (wKaroebi), fSavlianT axo (koburis gvari), GituraanT kldee-bi (Sermadinis gvari), bejiaanT wKaro (TaTriSvili).

gvxvdeba na-, sa- prefiqsebiT nawarmoebi geografiuli sa-xelebi: na-darbazevi, na-fuZari an na-fuZrebi, na-walkotevi, na-tusebi, sa-batono, sa-mgle, sa-JinJlo da sxva.

religiuri mniSvnelobebis dasaxelebebi dakavSirebulia GmerTebis, wmindanebis saxelebTan, mag.: kviracxoveli (eklesia) wminda giorgi (eklesia), GvTismSobeli (eklesia), Jvarmiwebi (muxis niSi), lomisas niSi, xatis venaxi (Kofili venaxi).

moxsenebaSi warmodgenili meTvramete saukunis aGwerebis toponomastika friad sainteresoa, rogorc warsulis ise, dGevandelobis TvalsazrisiT.

T aT aT aT a m a r p am a r p am a r p am a r p a p ip ip ip i a Sa Sa Sa S v iv iv iv i l il il il i sasasasamSemSemSemSenebnebnebneblo nalo nalo nalo nagegegegebobobobobabababaTa aGmniSTa aGmniSTa aGmniSTa aGmniSvnevnevnevnelililili tertertertermimimiminenenenebi afxabi afxabi afxabi afxazur enazur enazur enazur enaSiSiSiSi Tanamedrove afxazeTis teritoriis mkvidrni soflis me-urneobas uZvelesi droidan, neoliTis epoqidan misdevdnen. xelsaKreli geografiuli pirobebis arsebobam ganapiroba me-urneobis sxvadasxva dargebis: mecxoveleobis, mevenaxeobis, me-baGeobis, memarcvleobis da sxvaTa ganviTareba. Sesabamisad, CamoKalibda sxvadasxva daniSnulebis sameurneo nagebobaTa mSe-neblobis tradiciac. xuroTmoZGvruli TvalsazrisiT, sameurneo nagebobebi wnu-li an Zeluri tipis, mrgvali an oTxkuTxa formis nagebobebi iKo. afxazur enaSi arsebuli sameurneo nagebobebis aGmniSvne-

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li terminebi SeiZleba ramdenime Jgufad daiKos. am diferenci-acias safuZvlad udevs terminTa gramatikuli agebulebis, warmomavlobisa da etimologiuri analizis Sedegad gamovle-nili zogadi kanonzomierebani. 1. sameurneo nagebobaTa aGmniSvneli terminebis mniSvnelovani

nawili Sedgeba sakuTriv afxazuri leqsikisagan, Tumca mo-rfologiuri agebulebis mixedviT igi identobas amjGavnebs qarTvelur ena-kiloebSi arsebul saTanado terminologias-Tan, mag.: qarT.: sasasasa----cxencxencxencxen----e e e e / megr.: o o o o----cxencxencxencxen----e e e e / afx.: aC aC aC aCààààTra Tra Tra Tra _

mocemuli sami termini Sedgeba Sinauri cxovelebis aGmniS-vneli saxelebis fuZeebisa da adgilis mawarmoebeli afiqse-bisagan: qar.: sasasasa----eeee / megr.: oooo----eeee /afx.: _ TraTraTraTra; ; ; ; qarT.: sasasasa----mzamzamzamzarererere----

ulululul----oooo / sasasasa----mzadmzadmzadmzad----iiii / afx.: axaxaxax°ààààKawarKawarKawarKawarTaTaTaTa / aCaCaCaCHHHHsKawsKawsKawsKawararararTa Ta Ta Ta _ _ _ _ am da-mxmare nagebobis qarTuli da afxazuri saxelwodebebi Se-dgeba mzareulobis, kerZis mzadebis aGmniSvneli zmnuri fu-Zisa da adgilis aGmniSvneli afiqsebisgan: qarT.: sasasasa----oooo//sasasasa / afx.: rTarTarTarTa leqsikuri Semadgenlobis mixedviT identuria wisqvilis aGmniSvneli qarTuli da afxazuri terminebic, romlebic kompozitur saxelebs warmoadgens da Sedgeba se-mantikurad msgavsi erTeulebisagan: qarT.: wiswiswiswisqviqviqviqvilililili < wKlis fqviwKlis fqviwKlis fqviwKlis fqvilililili < wKalwKalwKalwKal----iiii + fqvilfqvilfqvilfqvil----iiii / afx.: aZaZaZaZààààlalalalagagagagarararara < aZaZaZaZàààà ,,wKali” + alaalaalaalagagagagarararara ,,fqva~.

2. sameurneo nagebobaTa aGmniSvneli terminebis nawili afxa-zur enaSi megrulidan Sesuli leqsikis saxiTaa warmodgeni-li, mag.: Txebis sadgomi _ mamamamararararaka ka ka ka < megr. ma ma ma mararararaka ka ka ka / qaqaqaqabarbarbarbarkakakaka, , , ,

saGore _ osq osq osq osqà à à à < megr.:::: osq osq osq osqà à à à / ososososququququ. . . . megrulidan Sesul terminologiaSi dasturdeba sesxebis kanonzomierebaTa ga-TvaliswinebiT mosalodneli fonetikuri cvlilebebi, iSvia-Tad ki aGiniSneba semantikuri varirebac, mag.: ayayayayàààày y y y momdina-reobs momcro zomis aGmniSvneli megruli zedsarTavi saxe-lisgan yiyiyiyiyeyeyeye. . . .

3. sameurneo nagebobaTa aGmniSvneli terminebis garkveuli na-wili sakuTriv afxazuri warmomavlobis leqsikiTaa warmo-dgenili, mag.: gomuri _ aboaboaboabora ra ra ra / / / / aboaboaboabouuuurararara, , , , sasiminde _ aca aca aca aca, , , ,

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axaldaqorwinebulTa saxli –––– am am am amhahahahara ra ra ra da sxv. 4. afxazurSi arsebul sameurneo nagebobaTa aGmniSvnel termi-

nebSi gamoiKofa saerTokavkasiuri fuZec gval gval gval gval / / / / gvargvargvargvar. iberi-ul-kavkasiur enebSi igi sxvadasxva semantikiT gamoiKeneba, kerZod.: sv.: gval gval gval gval fuZes sacxovrebeli farTis saqonlisTvis gamoKofili nawilis mniSvneloba aqvs; imave fuZis varianti gamoiKofa qarTul sitKvaSic gogogogomumumumuriririri. adiGeurSi guguguguararararteiteiteitei naxiria; afxazurSi agagagag° ararararTa Ta Ta Ta naxirs aGniSnavs, xolo bzifur

dialeqtSi ki agagagag° °arp arp arp arp // // // // agagagag° °arfarfarfarf mTliani kar-midamos mniS-vnelobiT dasturdeba. warmodgenili terminebis etimologi-is axsna SesaZloa moxdes adiGuri fuZis _ aguaguaguagus s s s safuZvel-ze, romelsac kar-midamos semantika aqvs. ufro Grma kvlevis Sedegad ki mivdivarT Zvel berZnulSi arsebul terminamde agagagagrorororoiiiinianianiania, , , , romelic qalaqgareT mdebare mamuls niSnavda.

lingvisturi analizis Sedegad unda iTqvas, rom miuxeda-vad afxazur enaSi arsebuli sameurneo nagebobebis aGmniSvne-li terminebis sxvadasxva kriteriumebis safuZvelze diferen-cirebisa, qarTuli da afxazuri enebis myidro kontaqti da naTesaoba ganxilul semantikur velSic naTlad Cans.

m em em em e r a b r or a b r or a b r or a b r o b ab ab ab a q iq iq iq i Z eZ eZ eZ e

`̀̀̀sitKvissitKvissitKvissitKvis~ ~ ~ ~ SiSiSiSinanananaararararsobsobsobsobririririvi asvi asvi asvi aspeqpeqpeqpeqtetetetebis Sebis Sebis Sebis Sesasasasaxeb xeb xeb xeb Zvel qarZvel qarZvel qarZvel qarTul da Zvel somTul da Zvel somTul da Zvel somTul da Zvel somxur enebxur enebxur enebxur enebSiSiSiSi adamianis, rogorc moazrovne arsebis, buneba ,,sitKvas~ ukavSirdeba. samKaros sxva danarCen arsebaTagan igi swored `sitKviT~ gansxvavdeba. adamianis Kovelgvar gamovlinebas az-rovnebisa da praqtikuli moGvawe- obis sferoebSi safuZvlad udevs `sitKva~ (logosi). `sitKva~ Zvel qarTul enaSi gansxvave-buli mniSvnelobebiT warmogvidgeba. 1V s-is berZeni fsiqo-log-anTropologi nemesios emeseli Tavis naSromSi `bunebisa-

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Tvis kacisa~ gamoKofs ori saxis `sitKvas~_`Soris mdebares~ (`logos endiaTetos~) da `garemosils~ (`logos profori-kos~); pirveli warmouTqmelia, meore ki _ warmoTqmuli, rac imas niSnavs, rom pirvel SemTxvevaSi `sitKvas aqvs saazrovno semantika, meore SemTxvevaSi ki niSnavs gaxmovnebul azrs, dana-wevrebuli metKvelebiT warmoCenils. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, `sitKva~ mowodebulia ori mniSvnelobiT: `Sinagani~ da `gacxa-debuli~ azris mniSvnelobiT. sulxan-saba orbelianis leqsi konSi `warmouTqmeli~ da `warmoTqmuli~ sitKva iwodeba ro-gorc `Sinagan mdebare~ da `warmoCenili~. pirveli uxmoa, meo-re _ xmovani. sabas ganmartebiT, `warmoCenilsa sitKvasa xmasa Sina sitKvis-gebaTa aqvs moqmedeba~. amgvari `sitKva~ leqsikog-rafis mier daxasiaTebulia rogorc `qadagi mogonebisa~ (=ga-cxadebuli azri). `sitKvis sabaseul definicias safuZvlad udevs nemesios emeselis interpretacia, romlis mixedviTac `nawevaroiani mimorquma (=danawevrebuli metKveleba) Seexo ra `gagonebasa~ (=gonebasa) da `gulis-sitKuasa~ (=cnobasa), qada-gadca Seiqmna igi gonebiTsa mimodrekaTaisa~ (ìoane petriwis Targmani~), anu danawevrebuli metKveleba azrovnebiTi aqtis da `cnobis~ (=mixvedris, gacnobierebis) warmomCenia (`qada- gia~). `warmowarmowarmowarmoCeCeCeCeninininili da warmoli da warmoli da warmoli da warmouuuuCeCeCeCeneneneneli sitKvali sitKvali sitKvali sitKva~ SegviZlia dava-xasiaToT agreTve rogorc `gagagagacxacxacxacxadedededebubububulililili~ da `gagagagauuuucxacxacxacxadedededebebebebelililili~. garda saazrovno semantikisa, warmoTqmuli sitKvis mniS-vneloba Zvel qarTulSi aqvs agreTve `zraxva~-s: èna zraxavs mas, romelsa miscems guli da goneba~ (mam. sw.,171,13). saKuradGeboa agreTve Zvel qarTul enaSi `sitKvis~ gamoKeneba saazrovno cnebis mniSvnelobiT (=warmouCeneli, gau-cxadebuli sitKva) rogorc saxeluri (`sitKva~), ise zmnuri (ìsitKunes~) formebiT. `sitKva~, rogorc saazrovno cneba, gvxvdeba zmnur konstruqciaSi `gulsa itKvis~ (=fiqrobs). ama-ve Sinaarss warmoaCens agreTve kompoziti `gulis-sitKva~ (fiq-ri, azri). nemesios emeselis Txzulebis petriwiseul Targman-Si dasturdeba `sitKva~ rogorc saazrovno cneba. `sitKvasitKvasitKvasitKva~-s Zvel qarTul enaSi qmeqmeqmeqmedidididiTiTiTiTi, , , , praqpraqpraqpraqtitititikukukukuli sali sali sali saqmiqmiqmiqmi----

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aaaanonononobisbisbisbis mniSvnelobac aqvs. `Sinagani sitKvis~ (`gulis-sitKvis~, azris) gacxadeba xdeba ara mxolod danawevrebuli metKvele-biT, sitKvieri warmoTqmiT, aramed moqmemoqmemoqmemoqmededededebibibibiTacTacTacTac; azrebis rea-lizacia xdeba sasasasaqmiTqmiTqmiTqmiT da esec `sitKvaa~. Zvel qarTul teqsteb-Si `sitKva~ am mniSvnelobiTac (=saqme, qmedeba, qceva) dastur-deba: `romelman dauteos coli Tvinierad sitKvisitKvisitKvisitKvisa sa sa sa (=saqcie-lisa) siZvisa, amruSos igi~ (mT. 5.32). mTel rig SemTxvevebSi bibliis teqstis variantul ikiTxvisebSi `sitKvissitKvissitKvissitKvis~ nacvlad mowodebulia `sasasasaqmeqmeqmeqme~~~~....

`sitKvasitKvasitKvasitKva~~~~, romelic, Zvel anTropologTa TqmiT, aris ada-mianis ùrCeulesi nawili~, Tavisi Sinaarsobrivi mravalferov-nebiT warmoaCens mas, rogorc momomomoazazazazrovrovrovrovnenenene, , , , xmiT metKvel da xmiT metKvel da xmiT metKvel da xmiT metKvel da

aqaqaqaqtitititiurururur, saqmis Semsrulebel (= `saqmiT metKvel~) pirovnebas. aseTsave mniSvnelobebs gviCvenebs qarTuli `sitKvis~ Se-satKvisi leqsikuri erTeuli `ban~ Zvel somxur enaSi (agreTve axalSi). es sitKva somxurSi, iseve rogorc qarTulSi, warmoa-Cens lololologogogogosursursursur semantikas, romelSic kargad aisaxeba adamianis bunebis arsebiTi niSan-Tvisebebi, Sinagani mamoZravebeli Zalebi da maTi qmediTi realizacia.

l al al al a t a vt a vt a vt a v r a s ar a s ar a s ar a s a n in in in i k ik ik ik i Z eZ eZ eZ e wwww((((<<<<wawawawa)))), , , , wawawawa, , , , z segz segz segz segmenmenmenmentetetetebi bacbi bacbi bacbi bacbubububuri ri ri ri ((((wowowowovavavava----TuTuTuTuSuSuSuSuriririri)))) enis rienis rienis rienis ricxcxcxcxviT saviT saviT saviT saxexexexeleblebleblebSiSiSiSi

Tvlis sistema naxur enebSi, msgavsad rigi iberiul-kavka-

siuri enebisa, ocobiTi da aTobiTia, syarbobs ocobiTi Tvlis sistema, rac gvaqvs ocs zemoT ricxviT saxelebSi (gamonaklisi SeiZleba iKos `cxrameti~).

ocobiTi Tvlis sistemis mixedviT Sedgenil rTul ricx-viT saxelebTan bacburSi ----wwww((((<<<<----wawawawa)))), , , , ----wawawawa---- da ----zzzz((((<<<<zazazaza) ) ) ) segmentebi gamoiKofa: �ex-wawawawa-tK(a) < �eTx-wawawawa-tK(a) às oci~..., Sa-wwww-tKauztKa `rvaasi~... Sau-zzzz-tK òrmoci~...

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bacburSi ----wwww(<wawawawa) Jerobis sufiqsia, z z z z am funqciiT ar Cans. cnobilia, rom ricxviT saxelebSi, ----wwww----(<----wawawawa) Jerobis ----wwww(<----wawawawa), Sdr. CaCn.-ing. ----zazazaza) sufiqsisagan momdinareobs. Jerobis ----wa wa wa wa

sufiqsSi a a a a xmovani eqvemdebareba bacburSi aaaa----boloxmovnis mo-kvecis wess, reducirebulia (mag., Sa-w < Sa-wa òrJer~...). rTu-li ricxviTi saxelebis i n l a u t S i ----wawawawa----segmentis a a a a ar ikar-geba (mag., is´-wawawawa-tKa às oTxmoci~...), Tumca ----w w w w (<----wawawawa) Jerobis sufiqsi ricxviT saxelebSi, rvaass zemoT, ----wwww-s saxiT gvxvdeba. es ricxviTi saxelebi erT rTul fuZes ar warmoadgenen _ gvi-andeli warmoeba Cans, ----wa wa wa wa sufiqsi auslautSi rCeba da aqac ----wa wa wa wa > w w w w (mag., Sa-w w w w tKauztKa (orJer oTxasi) `rvaasi~...).

Jerobis sufiqsi zazazaza(<ZaZaZaZa) CaCnur-inguSurSi dasturdeba. saerTod aq aaaa----boloxmovani, Cveulebriv, ar ikveceba. bacburi enis rTuli ricxviTi saxelebis za za za za(<ZaZaZaZa) segmenti CaCnur-ingu-Suris Jerobis za za za za(<ZaZaZaZa) sufiqss ukavSirdeba.

CaCnurSi zazazaza(<ZaZaZaZa) dialeqturi variantebia. bacburSi ZaZaZaZa(<zazazaza)-s SesatKvisia wa wa wa wa (a. somerfelti, d. imnaiSvili), CaCnur zzzz-s bacburSi z z z z SeesatKviseba. aseTi SesatKvisoba iSviaTad, magram mainc SeiniSneba naxur enebSi. bacburSi Jerobis sufiq-sis paraleluri formebi (-wawawawaº-zazazaza) unda gvqonoda.

T eT eT eT e d o u T u rd o u T u rd o u T u rd o u T u r g ag ag ag a iiii Z eZ eZ eZ e ----an suan suan suan sufiqfiqfiqfiqsisisisisasasasaTvis meTvis meTvis meTvis medidididiumumumumTa forTa forTa forTa formebmebmebmebSiSiSiSi

1. mediumTa [mKvanan, dganan, Zv. qarT. mqonan (< mquanan) ....] formebSi -an gansxvavebulad ganixileba: erTi Tvalsazri-siT, -an sufiqsia da Temis niSnad aris miCneuli, meore Tval-sazrisiT, -an daSlilia -a da -n elementebad. am Teoriis mi-

xedviT -n S3 – is niSania. 2. Zveli qarTulis haqunda da haqundes formebze

damKarebiT -n sufiqsi (Sdr. a-qu-s) ver miiCneva -an sufiqsis

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variantad, radgan formaSi ar aris mareducirebuli elementi (-an dgas -d savrcobis win).

3. ganxilul formebSi -n S3-is funqciadakarguli niSa-nia; Sdr. Zv. qarTulis aqu-n, erTi mxriT, da, meore mxriT,

aqu-n-s (m.15,32cmr.8,2c). analogiuri viTarebaa megrul-lazur-Si: miGunia-miGunan. arn. Ciqobava -n-s miGunan `gvKavs~ formaSi moqmed sufiqsad miiCnevs (miGu-n-an), i. KifSiZe ki mas fuZes akuTvnebda (miGun-an).

Cven viziarebT g. kartozias Tvalsazriss: -nan (miGu-nan) sinqroniaSi dauSlelia _ èrTian sufiqsad ganixileba~.

radgan subieqturi wKobis zmnebSi -an S3p-s gamoxatavda

(yarun-an > yaruna), obieqturi wKobis zmnebSi -nan simravlis gamoxatvis funqcias iGebs.

xevsuruli dialeqtis xKon `hKvanan~, xqon `hqonan~ (Zv. qarT.) arqaulia TviT Zveli qarTulisTvisac: x-Kon (< x-Ku-an / < x-Kv+an), x-qon (< x-qu-an). -an, romelic Zireul [E]-sTan

SerwKmiT on-s iZleva, S3p-is niSania. es formebi am zmnaTa Tav-

dapirvel viTarebas asaxaven. subieqturi mesame piris niSani mxolobiT ricxvSi aq arsad Cans.

S uS uS uS u S aS aS aS a n a f u tn a f u tn a f u tn a f u t k ak ak ak a r ar ar ar a Z eZ eZ eZ e zedzedzedzedsarsarsarsarTav saTav saTav saTav saxexexexeleblebleblebTan daTan daTan daTan dakavkavkavkavSiSiSiSirerererebubububulililili TaTaTaTavivivivisesesesebubububurerererebabababani imerni imerni imerni imerxexexexeululululSiSiSiSi

imerxeuli kilo qarTuli enis dedamdinaris erTi Zlie-

ri Senakadia. igi imerxeveli qarTvelebis mSobliuri metKvelebaa. imerxevi, istoriuli saqarTvelos uZvelesi miwa, tao-klarJeTis erT-erTi mxarea, samxreT saqarTvelos Semadge-neli nawili. amjamad moqceulia TurqeTis respublikis far-glebSi. kerZod, imerxevi warmoadgens arTvinis vilaeTis SavSe-Tis raionis erT lamaz mxares _ mdinare fafarTis xeobas.

imerxeveli qarTvelebi orenovanni arian. maTi oficialu-

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ri, saxelmwifo ena Turqulia, saoJaxo (Sinauri) ena ki qarTu-li. imerxevelTa qarTuli, 450 wlis manZilze dedaenis da-mqvemdebarebel kontrols moklebuli, Turqul enobriv gare-moSi moqceuli, enis ganviTarebis Sinagani kanonebis moqmedebis Sesabamisad ganviTarda da damoukidebel kilod CamoKalibda. Turqulis enis KoveldGiuri gavlenis miuxedavad, man Seinar-Cuna Tavisi fonetikuri sistema, gramatikuli wKoba da Ziri-Tadi leqsikuri fondi. imerxeul kiloSi erTxel kidev gan-cxadda qarTuli enis siZliere, gamZleoba da ukvdaveba.

imerxeulma kilom dGemde Semoinaxa zedsarTav saxeleb-Tan dakavSirebuli Zveli qarTuli formebi, saintereso dia-leqtizmebi da Turqulis gavleniT SeZenili ucxo leqsikuri erTeulebi. Taviseburi leqsikur-gramatikuli elferis mata-rebelia imerxeulis zogierTi zedsarTavi saxeli. kerZod: zedsarTavi saxelis _ didididididididi _ Sinaarsi, gamoKenebis are ga-farToebulia. Cveulebrivi mniSvnelobis garda, igi aGniSnavs asakiT an TanamdebobiT ufros pirovnebas, gvevlineba arsebiT saxelad. magaliTad: CÍeni didididididididi (oJaxis ufrosi) haJi meqasa da medinas momlocveli) gamƒdara; nuri-begi ximSiaSvili imaTi didididididididi (ufrosi) iKo... diddiddiddid-fuZes erTvis ovanovanovanovan-sufiqsi, CaerTvis rrrr-Tanxmovani (Sdr. saba _ diddiddiddidrorororoaaaanininini _did-didebi), da warmo-qmnilia mimarTebiTi zedsarTavi _ diddiddiddidrorororovavavavanininini (mozrdili, did-didebi). es sitKva imerxevelTa metKvelebaSi Segvxvda ram-denime variantiT _ diddiddiddidrorororovavavavanininini,,,, diddiddiddidrorororoaaaanininini, , , , didr…anididr…anididr…anididr…ani, , , , diddiddiddid----

rvarvarvarvanininini, , , , diddiddiddidvravravravranininini. igi simravlis gagebas iZleva da martooden mravlobiT ricxvSi mdgari sazGvrulis msazGvrelad gvevline-ba (Sdr. didi saxli, didruani saxlebi).

ovanovanovanovan-sufiqss, diddiddiddidrorororovavavavanisnisnisnis msgavsad, dairTavs, agreTve, zedsarTavebi _ patara patina, pawa, maGali, dabali, grZeli, kargi, lamazi–da simravleze migvaniSnebs: papapapatar…anitar…anitar…anitar…ani, , , , papapapa----

tit…anitit…anitit…anitit…ani, , , , papapapawaw…aniwaw…aniwaw…aniwaw…ani, , , , maGal…animaGal…animaGal…animaGal…ani, , , , dadadadabal…anibal…anibal…anibal…ani, , , , gzel…anigzel…anigzel…anigzel…ani (Z-s imerxeulSi enacvleba z-Tanxmovani), karg…anikarg…anikarg…anikarg…ani, lalalalamamamamazuzuzuzuaaaanininini

(ovan→oan→uan→ …an): papapapatit…anitit…anitit…anitit…ani ƒbiƒbiƒbiƒbieeeebibibibi (ƒbovrebi) cxeniT avasxiT ÉaÉlaSi; sxli zirSi papapapawaw…ani nawaw…ani nawaw…ani nawaw…ani namSlemSlemSlemSlebiabiabiabia (nergebia);

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gzel…ani klagzel…ani klagzel…ani klagzel…ani klavevevevebibibibi gaSala; karg…anikarg…anikarg…anikarg…ani vaSvaSvaSvaSlelelelebibibibi avarCieT... mravlobiTobis gadmosacemad gamoiKeneba, agreTve, fuZis

gaorkeceba, rogoricaa: patar-patara, patina-patina, pawawa (←pawa-pawa), gzel-gzeli, wore–wore, ƒmel-ƒmeli, gonJ-gonJi... magaliTad: maGalmaGalmaGalmaGal----maGalimaGalimaGalimaGali kacebi be…ri arian sxloban (sxlosxlosxlosxlo----

babababanininini sofelia SavSeTSi); momomomoklekleklekle----momomomoklekleklekle gziebiT davalT; gonJgonJgonJgonJ----

gonJgonJgonJgonJmamamama sitKvebma damaberes... imerxeulSi zedsarTav saxels _ papapapatatatatarararara enacvleba amave

mniSvnelobis sitKvebi _ papapapatitititinananana da papapapawawawawa, romlebic saxelobiT brunvaSi warmodgenilia sruli brunvis niSniT: papapapatatatatarairairairai

baƒala uer oqulSi (skolaSi) ar dava (dadis); papapapatitititinai nai nai nai ƒobo (xbo) baxCaSi zovs; papapapawaiwaiwaiwai Toƒi goukeTa Garysa (biysa)...

mimarTebiTi zedsarTavi _ ZveZveZveZvelanlanlanlandedededelililili gvxvdeba z…elanz…elanz…elanz…elan----

dudududuriririri-formiT (del→ dur): CÍenma didrovanebma z…elanz…elanz…elanz…elandudududuriririri naTq…amebi Sigvinaxes; z…elanz…elanz…elanz…elandur dur dur dur urubasa (tansacmels) genJe-bi (axalgazrdebi) aGar wonilooben (iwoneben)...

aqaqaqaq, , , , iqiqiqiq-zmnizedebisagan eureureureur-bolosarTiT nawarmoebia zed-

sarTavebi _ aqe…riaqe…riaqe…riaqe…ri, , , , iqe…riiqe…riiqe…riiqe…ri (eur→eÍr): aqe…riaqe…riaqe…riaqe…ri laparaki co-ta ar erigeba Tq…ensas; iqe…riiqe…riiqe…riiqe…ri saTibebi C…ensa darCa... zog-Jer gvxvdeba aqevaqevaqevaqevriririri, , , , iqeviqeviqeviqevriririri-formiTac.

formiTa da SinaarsiT saKuradGeboa imerxeulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli warmoqmnili da Txzuli zedsarTavebi, rogo-ricaa: sasasasagagagagarererereToToToTo (gareT Casacmeli), sasasasaSiSiSiSinanananaToToToTo (Sin, oJaxur ga-remoSi Casacmeli), sasasasagugugugulevlevlevlevlolololo (saguldagulo), sasasasananananametmetmetmetrorororo

(zedmeti), sasasasananananamumumumusosososo (warmosaCen adgilas Casacmeli), sasasasafefefeferi ri ri ri

(Sesadari), sasasasaSeSeSeSenononono (SenTvis gamosadegi), sasasasaCeCeCeCemomomomo (CemTvis gamosa-degi), fofofofoTeTeTeTelai lai lai lai (merKevi, oryofi), SiSiSiSinanananaTaiTaiTaiTai (Sin, oJaxSi gamosa-degi mxolod)... axalaxalaxalaxalpipipipiri ri ri ri (axalgazrda dedali pirutKvi, ro-melmac pirvelad imSobiara), gulgulgulgulgagagagarai rai rai rai (ugulo), gugugugulerlerlerlerTiTiTiTi

(erTguli), feƒC…ili feƒC…ili feƒC…ili feƒC…ili (msubuqi Kofaqcevis qali), fifififisimw…rasimw…rasimw…rasimw…ravivivivi (Zunwi), ƒelƒelƒelƒelmarmarmarmartotototo (martoxela), ƒelƒelƒelƒelwawawawamomomomosaksaksaksakrarararavivivivi (advilad da-samorCilebeli), SoSoSoSoririririaxaxaxaxlolololo (axlosa da Soris saSuali)...

zogierTi mimarTebiTi zedsarTavi nawarmoebia Turquli

enidan Semosuli sitKva-Zirebis gamoKenebiT: uraurauraurahahahahaToToToTo (arab. ra-

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hat _ simSvide, dasveneba) _ mousvenari, uiuiuiuimamamamanononono (arab. iman _ rwmena) _ urwmuno, sasasasabribribribriaaaanininini (arab. sabir _ moTmena, gaZle-

ba) _ damTmobi, momTmeni, herherherhersisisisiaaaanininini (arab. hirs _ brazi, risxva) _ mrisxane, braziani...

xarisxis warmoeba umTavresad aGweriTia. rogorc mSob-liur, ise nasesxeb zedsarTavebs emateba Turqul-arabuli warmoSobis nawilakebi, damxmare sitKvebi, rogoricaa: en (Kve-

laze metad), fena (Zlier), daha (kidev ufro): en maen maen maen maaaaalililili (umaGlesi) mTa karCxalia; fefefefena lana lana lana lamamamamazizizizi (ulamazesi) baƒala (qa-liSvili) hKavs; dadadadaha gemha gemha gemha gemririririeeeelililili (ugemrielesi) saymeli boloSi iymeva... ufroobiTi xarisxis uuuu-ssss-mawarmoebliT mxolod erTi sitKva _ ukeukeukeukeTeTeTeTesisisisi _ Segvxvda, isic mxolod moxucTa metKvele-baSi.

imerxeulSi odnaobiTi xarisxis formebi iSviaTad gvxvde-ba, rogoricaa: momomomodididididodododo, , , , momomomomaGlomaGlomaGlomaGlo, , , , momomomopapapapawaowaowaowao, , , , momomomodabdabdabdablolololo, , , , momomomosufsufsufsuf----ToToToTo, , , , mowmowmowmowminminminmindodododo, , , , momomomokarkarkarkargogogogo, , , , momomomoTxeTxeTxeTxelolololo, , , , momomomosqesqesqesqelolololo, , , , momomomoSaSaSaSavovovovo, , , , momomomoTeTTeTTeTTeT----rorororo, , , , momomomonanananarinrinrinrinJoJoJoJo, , , , moKirmoKirmoKirmoKirmimimimizozozozo... odnaobiTi xarisxis formaa _ momomomo----dgmodgmodgmodgmo (wvrilisa da msxvildis saSuali): windiTvin momomomodgmo dgmo dgmo dgmo za-fi davarTi...

Turqulidan Semosula da damkvidrebula feris aGmniS-vneli zedsarTavebi: momomomoriririri (iis feri), mamamamavivivivi (lurJi), ÉÉÉÉeSieSieSieSilililili

(mwvane), Kir Kir Kir Kirmimimimizizizizi (wiTeli), sasasasariririri (KviTeli), saKizsaKizsaKizsaKizrenrenrenrengigigigi (vardis-feri). SaSaSaSavivivivi, , , , TeTTeTTeTTeTriririri, , , , brebrebrebreSiSiSiSi (Sdr. saba–mreSi) _ ruxi jer kidev aqtiuri leqsikis erTeulebia imerxeulSi.

zedsarTavebi _ axalaxalaxalaxalgazgazgazgazrdardardarda,,,, momomomoxuxuxuxucicicici ar Segvxvedria. axalaxalaxalaxalgazgazgazgazrdardardarda-s enacvleba an Turquli genJgenJgenJgenJ-i (genç _ axalgaz-rda) an qarTuli momomomozdezdezdezde; momomomoxucxucxucxuc-is magivrad ki gamoiKeneba Turquli ÉÉÉÉaSaSaSaSlililili (yaşli _ moxuci) an qarTuli be be be bebebebeberiririri: erTi momomomozdezdezdezde Garyi (biyi) gamogzavnes; gengengengenJeJeJeJebibibibi isameben amasa; ÉÉÉÉaSaSaSaSlililili var, Tirfani (celi) veGar momiwevnia; CÍeni bebebebebebebeberiririri zor (Za-liT) goumuslimanebian...

Turqulis gavleniT imerxeulSi ukve damkvidrebuli Cans zogierTi ucxoenovani zedsarTavi, rogoricaa: bebebebeqaqaqaqariririri (arab.

bekar _ dauqorwinebeli), boboboboSi Si Si Si (Turq. boş _ carieli), bebebebeTiTiTiTi

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(spar. bet _ cudi, saZageli), TaTaTaTazazazaza (spar. taze _ axali, norCi), saGlami (Turq. sağlam _ JanmrTeli, saGi) sasasasadededede (spar. sade _

sufTa, martivi, ubralo), qi qi qi qibabababariririri (arab. kibar _keTilSobili,

Tavmomwone), SiSSiSSiSSiSmamamamanininini (Turq. şişman _ msuqani), xixixixirararara (Turq. hıra

_ susti, myle), JeJeJeJesusususuriririri (arab. cesur _ gambedavi, uSiSari)... ucxoenovani zedsarTavebis erTi nawili Jer kidev mtki-

ced ar aris fexmokidebuli: C…eni eseseseskikikiki (Zveli) g…aria gorga-ze; z…z…z…z…elielielieli (Zveli) naTq…amebi g…iKÍars; uzunuzunuzunuzun (grZeli) zam-TarSi maƒuela; gze gze gze gzelililili gargani gamaazro dedaberma; C…ena sasasasadededede (sufTa) gurJebi varTa; sufsufsufsufTaTaTaTa laparaki aGar viciT, TurqCa wagvrevs iSta (ise)...

imerxeulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli zedsarTavebia aƒsiaƒsiaƒsiaƒsi (Tavneba, mousvenari), balbalbalbalxixixixi (susti, uGono), bal bal bal balxaxaxaxamimimimi (Kamiri miwa), dididididadadadariririri (darbaiseli, warmosaCeni adamiani), TuƒiTuƒiTuƒiTuƒi (muqi), lurlurlurlursisisisi (iribi), luƒi luƒi luƒi luƒi (binZuri, usufTao), simsimsimsimsxasxasxasxamimimimi (umciresi), uluuluuluulummmmeeeeSSSSa (uGrani, miuvali), fuKifuKifuKifuKi (fuGuroiani), GlaGlaGlaGlanai nai nai nai (uZ-luri), KumKumKumKumrarararalai lai lai lai (muqi wiTeli), KuCiKuCiKuCiKuCi (nelTbili), SoSoSoSolalalalarairairairai

(tanadi), ConConConConCo Co Co Co (moSvebuli, dune), wkiwkiwkiwkipipipipi (wvrili Zafi), wowowoworererere (sufTa, saGi, marTali) yknayknayknayknari ri ri ri (myle), xoxoxoxoSoSoSoSoriririri (mouridebeli, ukulturo), x…adix…adix…adix…adi (mamaci, uSiSari, Seupovari)...

imerxeulSi cocxalia Zveli qarTuli zedsarTavebi, rogo-ricaa: babababalanlanlanlangagagagariririri (uwvrTneli), bebebebeleleleleSaSaSaSa (rqadadrekili cxove-li), bebebebeCiCiCiCi (uykuo), dodododolia lia lia lia (urqo pirutKvi), durdurdurdurbebebebelalalala (Tbili, ugemuri wKali), TerTerTerTerzuzuzuzulililili (daxnuli miwa), kankankankanTaTaTaTalalalala (uwiTlesi), kekekekeSiSiSiSi (uxeSi), kerkerkerkermuxmuxmuxmuxtitititi (myle) kipkipkipkiprurururuyiyiyiyi (Zalian xmeli, magari), leKecileKecileKecileKeci (umi), lulululutitititi (ugemuri), mumumumurererereSaiSaiSaiSai (wiTel–Savi), saGirai saGirai saGirai saGirai (SublTeTri pirutKvi), ubaubaubaubariririri (gamouKenebeli), ugugugugvivivivi (berwi), ugugugugvavavavanininini (mitovebuli adgili), uguguguglalalalagargargargarJiJiJiJi (tlanqi), ururururgegegegebi bi bi bi

(gamousadegari), uraurauraura (uwvrTneli), uƒmauƒmauƒmauƒmariririri (gamouKenebeli), ferferferferdedededelalalala (SavTeTrad yreli pirutKvi), fafafafaSaSaSaSariririri (uxeSi), finfinfinfinTi Ti Ti Ti

(avi, boroti), GurGurGurGurkakakakanininini (mxrebSi waxrili; ukuGmarTi), Kafa Kafa Kafa Kafarairairairai (TavSiSveli), KaKvi KaKvi KaKvi KaKvi (metad Savi; yuyKiani), KinKinKinKintotototoriririri (Zalian ci-vi), ColColColColfofofofotitititi (ugemovno), ClonClonClonClongi gi gi gi (blagvi), CuCuCuCubibibibinininini (kargad, Sors mxedveli), yo yo yo yoyeyeyeye (wKliani, dayaobebuli adgili), xrixrixrixrilailailailai

70

(msxvilad dafquli), xvexvexvexvererererefifififi (fxvieri miwa), JinJinJinJinJiJiJiJixixixixi (cxelisa da Tbilis saSuali), JixJixJixJixmamamamakukukukuriririri (daufiqreblad naTqvami)...

imerxeulis safuZvliani Seswavla qarTuli enis lingvis-tur suraTs bevr saintereso masalas SesZens enaTa kontaqtebi-sa da Zveli qarTuli leqsikis ukeT warmoCenis TvalsazrisiT.

n a T e l a q u T e l i an a T e l a q u T e l i an a T e l a q u T e l i an a T e l a q u T e l i a didididiaqaqaqaqrorororoninininiuuuuli foli foli foli fononononotaqtaqtaqtaqtitititika da siska da siska da siska da sistetetetemis elemis elemis elemis elementmentmentmentTa Ta Ta Ta trantrantrantransforsforsforsformamamamaciaciaciacia

harmoniul kompleqsTa A da B sistemis Jgufebi markirebu-lia saerTo qarTveluri fonologiuri sistemis TvalsazrisiT (g. mayavariani). amave dros kanonikuria zanuri (resp. megrul-lazuri) fonotaqtikis gaTvaliswinebiT, radgan savsebiT See-sabameba fonemaTa SeerTebis struqturul kanonzomierebas:

megruli A B

bg fq pk bG fx pK dg Tq tk dG Tx tK Zg cq wk ZG cx wK Jg Cq yk JG Cx yK

lazuri A B

bg; fq; bG; fx; pK; bg>mbg>mg fq>mfq>mq; pk mbG>mG; fx>mfx; pK>pk bg//mg fq>mq>q bG>mG; bG>mG>G fx>mx pK>pk>k; pK>p dg Tq tk dG Tx tK Zg cq wk ZG cx wK Jg Cq yk JG Cx yK

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sistemis modelis CamoKalibeba eqvemdebareba fonotaqti-kis wesebs, magram fonetikuri substancia SeiZleba daemorCi-los cvlilebebs. amitom gaugebaria ratom ar mogvepoveba sa-kmarisi safuZveli harmoniul JgufTa labialuri rigis postu-lirebisaTvis megrulSi da ratom unda davtovoT isini sqemis gareSe, rogorc arakanonikuri Jgufebi.

zanuri fonologiuri sistemis TvalsazrisiT sistemis wevrebi ganicdian transformacias, magram fonotaqtikuri mo-deli stabiluri rCeba qarTulis mimarT, rac uflebas gvaZ-levs vivaraudoT, rom harmoniul kompleqsTa Jgufebi CamoKalibda qarTvelur dialeqtTa erTianobis epoqaSi.

harmoniul JgufTa A da B sistemebi mKaria da dadastu-rebuli arian Kvela qarTvelur enebSi da erTnairi paradigma-tuli sixSiriT ar xasiaTdebian. amave dros fonotaqtikis TvalsazrisiT maTi fonetikuri substanciis gardaqmnebi kano-nikuri struqturis farglebs ar scildeba.

m im im im i x ex ex ex e i l q u ri l q u ri l q u ri l q u r d id id id i aaaa n in in in i

uZuZuZuZvevevevelelelelesi irasi irasi irasi iranunununuli soli soli soli socicicicioooolinlinlinlingvisgvisgvisgvistutututuri mori mori mori modedededeli li li li da mida mida mida misi mniSsi mniSsi mniSsi mniSvnevnevnevnelolololoba meba meba meba mezozozozobebebebeli qveKneli qveKneli qveKneli qveKnebis enobbis enobbis enobbis enobririririvivivivi popopopolilililititititikis fokis fokis fokis forrrrmimimimirerererebabababaze ze ze ze (saqarTvelos magaliTze)

aqemenidTa patara monoeTnikuri da monolingvuri qveK-

nis did polieTnikur da multilingvur iranis imperiad gada-qcevis procesSi mraval uprecedento socialur da kultu-rul tradicias CaeKara safuZveli. am faqtorebma gadamwKveti gavlena moaxdines iranis msoflio imperiis mezobeli saxel-mwifoebis ganviTarebaze da iqcnen iranuli saxelmwifos uc-vlel markerebad.

erTi aseTi unikaluri tradicia binaruli struqturis

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saxiT CamoKalibda. es aris iranuli administraciuli da so-ciolingvisturi modelebi, romelTa saTavec aqemenidTa impe-riis epoqaSia povnieri da romlebic garkveuli modifikacie-biT dGemde funqcionireben.

rogor paradoqsuladac ar unda jGerdes, aqemenidTa (mogvianebiT ki arSakidTa da sasanidTa) irani warmoadgenda feodalur federacias, Tu sulac konfederacias ara _ uc-nobs msoflios politikur istoriaSi. axali iranuli Tu

ucxoenovani qveKnis (resp. saxelmwifos) daKrobisas irani, ro-gorc wesi, cvlida mxolod maTi saxelmwifoebriobis da da-moukideblobis xarisxs, magram ar cvlida SemoerTebuli teri-toriis saxelwodebas, sazGvrebs da mmarTvel samefo dinastia-sac ki. iranis mefeTa tituli iKo `Sahin-Sahi~ anu mefeT-mefe, radgan iranis imperiaSi Semaval qveKnebs sakuTari Sahebi anu mefeebi hKavdaT.

Kvela am qveKnis, romelTa erTi nawili arairanulenovani iKo, erT saxelmwifod integraciisa da sxvadasxva enaze me-tKvel eTnosTa erT erad formirebisaTvis, aucilebeli iKo sagangebo sociolingvisturi modelis CamoKalibeba da iranma Seqmna aseTi modeli _ sruliad unikaluri da uprecedento: enaTa funqciebi gaiKo, gaimiJna anu moxda maTi ranjireba _ sa-xelmwifo enam (elamurma, arameulma, Zvelma sparsulma, saSu-alma sparsulma, axalma sparsulma) aiGo Tavze polivalentu-ri funqcia (kancelariis, religiis, mecnierebis, ganaTlebis, mxatvruli literaturis, eTnosTaSorisi urTierTobis ena da sxv.), magram Kvela danarCen umwerlobo enas SeunarCunda Si-daeTnikur urTierTobaTa enis funqcia (oJaxisa da folklo-ris ena da sxv.) da saxelmwifo ena ar cdilobda maT am fun-qciaSi Carevas.

enebi, romlebsac damwerlobis xangrZlivi, didi da uwKveti tradicia hqondaT, romlebic manamde an odesme aGyurvili iKvnen saxelmwifo enis funqciiT, cxadia SeZlebis-dagvarad cdilobdnen konkurencia gaewiaT axali saxelmwifo enisaTvis. amitom es enebi Sediodnen saxelmwifo enasTan kon-

73

fliqtSi da rogorc wesi eqvemdebarebodnen represiebs saxel-mwifos mxridan. sruliad sxva situacia iKo umwerlobo enebis SemTxvevaSi: isini ar warmoadgendnen saxelmwifo enis opozici-as, ar acxadebdnen pretenzias romelime oficialur sferoSi saxelmwifo enis Canacvlebaze da, Sesabamisad, arc represirde-bodnen.

sociolingvisturi modeli, romelic CamoKalibda iranSi, SeiZleba daxasiaTebuli iqnes rogorc diglosiuri bilingviz-mi (sadac diglosia gagebul unda iqnes rogorc enaTa ierar-qia prestijulobis mixedviT, xolo bilingvizmi _ rogorc sa-valdebulo codna an Tundac gamoKeneba ori enisa).

am modelma: a) moaxdina konsolidacia (resp. integracia) iranis saxelmwifoSi mcxovrebi Kvela eTnosisa erT erad; b) daicva, gnebavT, gadaarCina umwerlobo enebi, raki moixsna enaTa konkurencia, radgan kompetenciebi saxelmwifo da patua enebs Soris mkacrad iKo ganawilebuli funqcionirebis sfero-Ta mixedviT. irani aGmoCnda erTaderTi imperia, romelSic Se-narCunebul iqna TiTqmis Kvela umwerlobo ena, romlebic sa-sanidebis epoqidan moKolebuli, CvenTvis cnobil wKaroebSi isKvnen moxseniebulni (qurTuli, gilanuri, TaliSuri, TaTu-ri, beluJuri da sxv.)

elinistur epoqaSi (Zv. w. 303-302 wlebSi) CamoKalibebu-

li qarTuli (resp. sruliad qarTuli) saxelmwifos Semqmnelma mefe farnavazma qarTuli matianeebis Tanaxmad saxelmwifos ad-ministraciuli mowKobis modeli iranisgan aiGo: ~esreT gana-wesa ese soveli farnavaz mimsgavsebulad samefosa sparsTasa~ (`qarTlis cxovreba~, I, 1955: 25). misganve gadmoiGo socio-lingvisturi modelic.

saqarTvelos samefo, iseve, rogorc mis nimuSad aGebuli aqemeniduri irani, feodalur federacias warmoadgenda da Se-sabamisad saqarTvelos mefeTa, iseve, rogorc iranis mefeTa tituli iKo mefeT-mefe, radgan saqarTvelos gaerTianebul sa-mefoSi Semaval qveKnebs sakuTari mefeebic hKavdaT.

farnavazma mis gaerTianebul samefoSi Semaval Kvela er-

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Teuls SeunarCuna saxeli, administraciuli sazGvrebi, mmar-Tveli dinastia, saSinao saqmeebSi TviTmmarTveloba da a.S. sa-interesoa rom am teritoriebma Tavisi administraciuli sa-zGvrebiTa da saxelwodebebiT dGemde moaGwies da rodesac me-feT-mefe daviT aGmaSenebelma (1089-1125) saqarTvelo imperiad aqcia da mis sazGvrebSi moaqcia bevri sxva qarTveluri da araqarTveluri tomebiT dasaxlebuli qveKnebi, man Caatara re-forma, darios I-is reformis tipisa, gaamsxvila administraci-uli erTeulebi da daniSna maTSi araadgilobrivi gubernato-rebi, magram am gamsxvilebul erTeulebSi SeKvanili qveKnebis tradiciuli sazGvrebi ar Seucvlia.

mefeT-mefe farnavazis mier Zv.w. 284 wels saxelmwifo enad gamocxadebuli qarTuli _ gaxda saxelmwifo ena ara mxo-lod am sitKvis viwro mniSvnelobiT, anu samefo kancelariis ena, aramed is aGiyurva polivalenturi funqciiT da gaxda ganaTlebis, mecnierebis, literaturis, kulturisa da religi-is erTaderTi ena qarTul saxelmwifoSi da asea dGemde (afxa-zeTis avtonomiaSi qarTul enasTan erTad saxelmwifo enis funqciiT aGyurvilia afxazuri enac).

imjamindel saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi gaerTianebuli mcire qveKnebis Kvela enam (da dialeqtma) gaiTavisa saxelmwi-fo enis sociolingvisturi dialeqtis (patua enis) statusi da Kvela maTganma ugamonaklisod moaGwia dGemde (qarTveluri enebidan: svanurma da zanurma anu megrul-lazurma, bacburma, romelic iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa oJaxis naxur-daGestnuri Jgufis naxuri qveJgufis erT-erTi enaa da sxv.) xolo Kvela es tomebi erTian da ganuKofel qarTvel ers Seadgenen.

interess moklebuli ar unda iKos is faqtic, rom ar-cTu Soreul warsulSi, XIX saukunis 30-an wlebSi am, ukve iranul-qarTuli, sociolingvisturi modelis realizacia ki-dev erTxel moxda kavkasiaSi, kerZod daGestanSi sadac xunZur-andiur-didour enebze metKveli xalxebis erT erad konsoli-dacia daiwKo xunZuri koines `bol maw~-is anu `Jaris enis~ sa-fuZvelze da minimum 14, komparativistuli TvalsazrisiT

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ueyveli ena, romlebic umwerloboa, ganarZobs arsebobas xun-Zuri oficialuri (resp. saliteraturo) enis sociolingvistu-ri dialeqtis statusiT, xolo am patua-enebze metKveli to-mebi xunZi eris warmomadgenlebad aGiricxebian.

m em em em e d e a G l o nd e a G l o nd e a G l o nd e a G l o n t it it it i wuwuwuwuTis seTis seTis seTis semanmanmanmantitititikukukukuri funri funri funri funqciqciqciqciiiiisasasasaTvis qarTvis qarTvis qarTvis qarTulTulTulTulSiSiSiSi

sulxan-saba orbelianis `leqsikon qarTulSi~ Semonaxu-lia leqsikur-kalendaruli metaTezisis erTi ucnauri faqti: `wuwuwuwuTi Ti Ti Ti (1 mef. 14, 9) _ wamTan naxe. erTi wami sameoci wuTia. erTi wami sameoc wuTad ganiKofvebian~. `wawawawami mi mi mi _ _ _ _ aqvs Jamsa er-Tsa wami samoci; xolo erTsa wamsa _ wuTi samoci; wuTsa er-Tsa _ kesi...~

rogorc vxedavT, XVIII saukunis damdegisTvis qarTulSi wuwuwuwuTiT TiT TiT TiT aGiniSneboda dGevandeli wawawawamimimimi,,,, da winaukmod _ wawawawami mi mi mi

dGevandeli wu wu wu wuTis Tis Tis Tis aGmniSvneli iKo. amave saleqsikono uwKebas gvawvdis daviT CubinaSvili.

KuradGebas iqcevs wuwuwuwuTiTiTiTisa sa sa sa da wa wa wa wamis mis mis mis semantikur funqcia-Ta gadanawileba, viTarca motivireba wuTwuTwuTwuT---- da wam wam wam wam---- fuZeTa Se-mcveli ramdenime leqsikuri erTeulis saxeldebisa.

wawawawamimimimi: : : : g. rogava ar miiCnevs sarwmunod qarT. wamwamwamwam- `wamis~ da megr. wumwumwumwum-/wunwunwunwun---- (meore komponenti kompozitisa akaakaakaaka----wunTs wunTs wunTs wunTs

èrT-wuTs~) `wamis~ SesatKvisobas (al. cagareli, i. KifSiZe), da gamoavlens kanonzomier SesatKvisebs: qarT. wam wam wam wam- `wami, dro-is umciresi erTeuli~, romelic amosavalia zanurisaTvis yumyumyumyum-e, yumyumyumyum-an-i `dila~, o-yumyumyumyum-ar-e `xval~ da svanurisaTvis ham ham ham ham- `dila~, hams hams hams hams `dilas~ (zanuris kanonzomieri svanuri korelati daadgina k. Smidtma). qarTuli wawawawamis mis mis mis `drois umciresi monakve-Ti~ tipologiur paralelad saxeldeba laT. secunda `meo-re~; moZv. `wami~.

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wawawawamimimimi Zvel qarTulSi polisemantikuria da aGniSnavs: er-Ti mxriv _ `Tvalis quTuToT niSnebas~ (sulxan-saba), `wam-wams~, `daxamxamebas~, `Tvals~, meore mxriv _ `sasworis uGlis Suaze aGmarTul isars~ da mesame mxriv _ dGevandel `wuTs~. swored wawawawamimimimi `wamwami; daxamxameba~ aris amosavali kalendaru-li terminisaTvis wawawawamimimimi (Sdr. Zveli qarTuli wamwamwamwam----wam wam wam wam `drodad-ro~).

Zvelsave qarTulSi wawawawamimimimi-sgan momdinarea zmnebi: wawawawamismismismis----

Kofa Kofa Kofa Kofa `TvaliT niSneba; Sexedva~, wamwamwamwamwawawawamemememeba ba ba ba `Tvalis Cakvra, (mi)niSneba~); aseve wa wa wa wamemememebabababa, , , , momomomowawawawamemememe----Kofa Kofa Kofa Kofa `damowmeba; dasturi; martviloba~ (i. abulaZe, z. sarJvelaZe).

wuwuwuwuTiTiTiTi: : : : g. rogava miuTiTebs, rom wuwuwuwuTisTisTisTis (rogorc wawawawamismismismis) amosavali semantika ufro konkretuli sagnis aGmniSvnelTan aris dakavSirebuli, kerZod: qarT. wuwuwuwuTi Ti Ti Ti `drois umciresi mo-nakveTi~ momdinareobs wuwuwuwueeeeTa Ta Ta Ta `wveTavs~, wu wu wu wueTeTeTeT----i `wveTi~-dan (Sdr. laT. minutes `mcire, patara, wvrili~).

qarTuli wuwuwuwueTeTeTeT-is megrul SesatKviss yvaTyvaTyvaTyvaT-i/yveTyveTyveTyveT- `wveTi~ da lazur yveTyveTyveTyveT----/yuTyuTyuTyuT----s (o-yuTyuTyuTyuT-u-a `sawveTuri~) ar miuGia wuwuwuwu----

Tis Tis Tis Tis mniSvneloba. lazuris semantika nawilobriv sxvaobs: -yvaTyvaTyvaTyvaT-al-a/o-yuTyuTyuTyuT-a-ra `sanagve~ (qarTuli da megruli enebis masalis SesatKvisoba daadgina al. cagarelma; * * * *wuwuwuwueTeTeTeT----/wuTwuTwuTwuT---- arqetipebi qarTul-lazuri erTianobis xanisaTvis aGadgina g. klimovma). i. KifSiZis miTiTebiT, megruli wuwuwuwunnnnTi Ti Ti Ti `wuTi~ qarTuli warmo-mavlobisaa (� wuwuwuwuTi Ti Ti Ti _ nnnn-s ganviTarebiT).

meore mxriv, variantebi wu wu wu wueTeTeTeT-/wuTwuTwuTwuT---- (umarcvlo uuuu-Ti) amosavalSi zmnur Zirad aris miCneuli (Zv. qarT. wuwuwuwueTeTeTeT----/wuTwuTwuTwuT----: : : :

wuwuwuwueTeTeTeT-i; wuwuwuwueTeTeTeT-av-s; s-wuTwuTwuTwuT-i-s). igi qarTulSi daedo safuZvlad axal kalendarul leqsikur erTeuls wuTwuTwuTwuT-i `wuTi~, romlis SesatKvisi qarTvelur enebSi ar dasturdeba. amasTan, wuwuwuwuTiTiTiTi,,,, Tavisi Tavdapirveli semantikiT, gamoxatavda ara drois kon-kretul monakveTs, aramed drouli monakveTis simcires _ `mcire xniT, droebiT~: wuTwuTwuTwuT(GaGaGaGa) `cotaGa~; wuwuwuwuTerT TerT TerT TerT `cota, mcired; male, droebiT~ (a. arabuli).

am mxriv sagulisxmoa wmida ioanes saxarebis mTawmidise-

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ul redaqciaSi dafiqsirebuli mcimcimcimcired jamred jamred jamred jam,,,, romliTac Senac-vlebulia wuwuwuwuTerT TerT TerT TerT (ioane 13, 33).... mcimcimcimcired jamred jamred jamred jam zedmiwevniTi Targmania Zveli berZnuli mikmikmikmikrosrosrosros, , , , mikmikmikmikronronronron `mcire, mcired~-isa.

wuwuwuwuTi da waTi da waTi da waTi da wamimimimi: : : : am ori kalendaruli terminis amosavali semantika marTlac konkretul saganTa aGmniSvnelebTan aris dakavSirebuli (wuwuwuwuTi Ti Ti Ti `drois umciresi erTeuli~ � wuwuwuwueeeeTi Ti Ti Ti

`wveTi~, wuwuwuwueeeeTa Ta Ta Ta `wveTva~; wawawawami mi mi mi `drois mcire erTeuli~ � wawawawami mi mi mi

`wamwami; daxamxameba~). magram wuTwuTwuTwuT----isa da wam wam wam wam----is, , , , aseve am fuZe-Tagan nawarmoeb leqsikur erTeulTa semantikis ganviTarebis (mniSvnelobis gadawevis da semantikuri funqciis gafarToebis) analizma cxadKo, rom ukve Zvel qarTulSi wuwuwuwuTiTTiTTiTTiT, , , , aseve wu wu wu wuTis Tis Tis Tis

Semcveli leqsikuri erTeulebiT, umTavresad gadmoicema mKimKimKimKi----sisisisieeeerorororobabababa, , , , memememerKerKerKerKeoooobabababa, , , , xanxanxanxanmokmokmokmokleleleleoooobabababa, , , , drodrodrodroeeeebibibibiToToToTobabababa, , , , warwarwarwarmavmavmavmavlolololoba ba ba ba _ _ _ _ saaqaosi, wuTisoflisa, Sdr.:

Zv. qarT. wuwuwuwuTi Ti Ti Ti `wuTieri; warmavali~, wu wu wu wuTaTaTaTadi di di di `wuTieri, droebiTi~, wu wu wu wuTerTerTerTerToToToToba ba ba ba `warmavloba~, wu wu wu wuTisTisTisTisSiSiSiSinanananagagagagani ni ni ni `wuTieri; xanmokle~, wuT wuT wuT wuTjajajajami mi mi mi `wuTieri~, wuT wuT wuT wuTjajajajamomomomoba ba ba ba `xanmokleoba~, wuwuwuwu----

TerT TerT TerT TerT `cota; mcired; male; droebiT~, wuTwuTwuTwuT----wuT wuT wuT wuT `xSirad~, sasasasa----wuTwuTwuTwuTrorororo, , , , sasasasawuwuwuwuTo To To To `droebiTi, warmavali; saaqao, wuTisofeli~. wuwuwuwuTisTisTisTisgangangangan gansxvavebiT, wawawawamimimimi, , , , miuxedavad Tavisi polisemantiku-robisa, ar ukavSirdeba warwarwarwarmavmavmavmavlolololobas bas bas bas da arc msgavs semantikur funqcias itvirTavs.

wuTwuTwuTwuT----isa da wam wam wam wam----is semantikur funqciaTa amgvari gadana-wilebis utyuar mowmed gvesaxeba SesaniSnavi qarTuli sityva _ wuwuwuwuTiTiTiTisosososofefefefelililili, , , , Zveli qarTuli sosososofefefefelililili, , , , igive sa sa sa sawuTwuTwuTwuTrorororo, , , , sasasasa----

wuwuwuwuToToToTo. . . . Zveli qarTuli zedsarTavi saxeli sa sa sa sawuTwuTwuTwuTrorororo, , , , sasasasawuwuwuwuTo To To To

`wuTieri, droebiTi, warmavali~ imavdroulad aGmniSvnelia `saaqaosi, wuTisoflisa~ (Sdr. Zveli qarTuli grZelgrZelgrZelgrZel----sasasasawuTwuTwuTwuT----

ro ro ro ro `xnieri; dGegrZeli~): `nu iKofin Senda GmerT sasasasawuTwuTwuTwuTrorororo

[=warmavali]~ (fsalmunni 80, 10); `SegcodeT, viTarca kacTa sasasasawuTwuTwuTwuTrorororoÁÁÁÁsasasasaTaTaTaTa [=wuTisoflisa] da soflis-moKuareTa~ (`wmida SuSanikis martviloba~).

Zveli qarTuli so so so sofefefefelililili aGniSnavda `samKaros; qveKanas; mxares; samTavros; mamuls; dabas~. sulxan-sabasTvis sasasasawuTwuTwuTwuTrorororo

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ès sofelia~, anu saaqaoa. igi miuTiTebs wKaros wmida pavles epistoledan 2 korinTelTa mimarT (4, 17): `rameTu sasasasawuwuwuwuToToToToÁÁÁÁ ese mcire yiri Cueni gardametebulsa da gardareulsa didsa didebasa saukunesa Seiqms CuenT‚s~. sakuTriv sosososofelsfelsfelsfels qarTve-li leqsikografi amgvarad ganmartavs: `sosososofefefefelililili sam saxed iT-qmis: sukuno igi sofeli da wuTisofeli da kacis bunebac soflad iTqmis. sosososofefefefelililili ewodebis sruliad sawuTrosa~. sasasasawuwuwuwu----

ToToToTo-s gaswvriv ki `leqsikon qarTulSi~ sagulisxmodaa Caweri-li: `wuTis xnisa, gina es sofeli~.

axla ukve gasagebi xdeba, Tu ra mizeziT ar mogvepoveba saaqaos, ama soflis, qveKnis aGmniSvnelad leqsikuri erTeule-bi _ wami-sofeli an sawamo! da sasasasawuwuwuwuTos Tos Tos Tos (sasasasawuTwuTwuTwuTrosrosrosros), wuwuwuwuTiTiTiTi----sofsofsofsoflis lis lis lis saxeldebisas ratom SeCerda qarTveli sitKvaTSemoqme-dis arCevani ara wawawawammmmzezezeze, aramed swored wuTwuTwuTwuTze ze ze ze _ saaTobriv-kalendaruli sistemis mcire sazomi erTeulis aGmniSvnel im terminze, romelmac itvirTa semantikuri funqcia xanxanxanxanmokmokmokmokleleleleoooo----

bibibibisasasasa, , , , drodrodrodroeeeebibibibiToToToTobibibibisa sa sa sa da war war war warmavmavmavmavlolololobibibibisasasasa, , , , anu ama soflis, saaqa-os bunebis gamomxatveli umTavresi maxasiaTeblisa.

v av av av a j a S ej a S ej a S ej a S e n g en g en g en g e l i al i al i al i a fragfragfragfragmenmenmenmentetetetebi mobi mobi mobi mogogogogonenenenebibibibidan akadan akadan akadan akadedededemimimimikoskoskoskos ararararnold Cinold Cinold Cinold Ciqoqoqoqobabababavavavavazezezeze. XXIX -XXXVI

XXXIX . arn. Ciqobava specialistebis mier gamoTqmul axal da argumentirebul mosazrebebs interesiT da gagebiT xvdeboda, miesalmeboda, magram dausabuTebel Tvalsazriss ver egueboda. erTxel (70-ian wlebSi) Cvens institutSi sakavSiro samecniero konferencia gaimarTa dialeqtologiisa da enis is-toriis sakiTxebze. konferenciaSi, qarTvel mecnierebTan er-Tad, monawileobas iGebdnen kolegebi kavkasiis sxvadasxva regi-

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onidan, moskovidan, leningradidan, kievidan, kiSinovidan... ram-denime axalgazrda gamovida moxsenebebiT, romlebSic, rbilad rom vTqvaT, Tamami, magram dausabuTebeli Tvalsazrisebi iKo gamoTqmuli, Tanac ise, rom sxva mecnierTa azri ganxilul sa-kiTxze ar iKo saTanadod gaTvaliswinebuli. b-ma arnoldma Se-maJamebel sitKvaSi, romelSic konferenciaze wakiTxul moxsene-

baTa av-kargze iKo msJeloba, aGniSna: В науке нужна смелость, а не

храбрость... Кавалерийские наскоки тут могут иметь только временные успехи... bunebrivia, Kvela mixvda, visi misamarTiTac iKo naTqvami es sitKvebi...

XXX . enaTmecnierul muSaobas arn. Ciqobava udarebda me-maGaroisa da metalurgis Sromas; aGniSnavda, rom enaTmecni-ers enobrivi madnis mopovebac uxdeba (memaGarois msgavsad) da misi gadamuSavebac (metalurgis msgavsad). yeSmariti enaTmecni-eri am ori saxis samuSaos organulad unda uxamebdeso...

XXXI . cnobili saenaTmecniero diskusiis wina periodSi

erT-erTi Sexvedrisas stalins ukiTxavs: moskovis universite-tis filologiis fakultetis dekani vin ariso?

arn. Ciqobava: profesori Cemodanovi. stalini: ra kacia es Cemodanovi? arn. Ciqobava: piradad ar vicnob, magram erTi wigni aqvs

enaTmecnierebaSi sxvasTan TanaavtorobiT... Semdeg, politbiuros wevrebis Sekrebaze stalins ganu-

cxadebia: Cemodanovi moskovis universitetSi dekanad muSaobs, vinogradovi ki zis (gadasaxlebulia), es rogor SeiZlebao...

ramdenime dGeSi v. vinogradovi moskovSi daabrunes da filologiis fakultetis dekanad da enaTmecnierebis insti-tutis direqtorad daniSnes, ssrk mecnierebaTa akademiis aka-demikos-mdivanic gaxda...

akad. v. vinogradovi xSirad umeorebda b-n arnolds: Tqven gadamarCineT, kacad maqcieTo... moskovSi Casvlisas sa-dgurSi xvdeboda, Sinac epatijeboda, gamomgzavrebisas acileb-

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da... eubneboda: akademikosad unda wargadginoTo... imdenJer ga-umeorebia, rom b-n arnolds erTxelac ironiiT miugia: me er-Ti ubralo glexis Svili var da Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer-sitetis profesorad rom viTvlebi, CemTvis esec zedmetiao...

b-n arnoldis komentari: etKoba, eloda Cemgan, rom vetKodi, oGond Tqven es gaakeTeT da Tqveni survilis amsru-lebeli viqnebio.

XXXI . arn. Ciqobavas ramdenJerme SesTavazes ssrk mecnie-rebaTa akademiis wevr-korespondentad wardgena, magram man mtkice uari ganucxada... me saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi var da amaze rom davTanxmde, Cveni akademiis Seu-racxKofa iqnebao...

XXXII . saenaTmecniero diskusiamde arn. Ciqobavas enaT-mecnierTa garkveuli Jgufi imis gamo ebrZoda, rom n. maris àxal saenaTmecniero moZGvrebas~ _ èrTaderT marqsistul moZGvrebas~, ar iziarebda da sakmaod mwvaved akritikebda. dis-kusiis Semdeg aGniSnuli adamianebis nawili saKvedurs gamo-Tqvamda: mars arasakmaod akritikebso. maT Sesaxeb b-ni arnol-di sinanulnarevi ironiiT ambobda: iumoris grZnoba akliaTo...

XXXIII . politbiuros zemoaGniSnul Sekrebaze moloto-

vi, sanam stalini Semovidoda, GimiliT imeorebda n. maris oTxi elementis saxelebs: sal, ber, �on, roS... sal, ber, �on, roS... sal, ber, �on, roS (arn. Ciqobavas sadiskusio werili hqonda wakiTxuli). sxvebi mdumared isxdnen. stalinis Semo-svlis Semdeg isic dadumda...

XXXIV . arn. Ciqobavas mraval did mecnierTan akavSireb-da megobruli urTierToba, maT Soris _ did qarTvel mecni-erTan, fiziolog iv. beritaSvilTan. erTxel iv. beritaSvili meuGlesTan erTad swvevia b-n arnolds oqroKanaSi. sakmaod xangrZlivi saubris Semdeg b-n ivanes winadadebiT mTawmindis

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parkisken gauseirniaT (b-ni arnoldi, b-ni ivane da maTi meuGleebi). karuselebTan rom misulan, b-n ivanes SeuTavaze-bia: karuselze davsxdeTo _ laparakia e. w. èSmakis borbal-ze~. didxans uarobda b-ni arnoldi, magram bolos daTanxmebu-la (qalbatonebi dabla darCnen)... saubarSi garTulebs da-viwKebiT Turme Camosvla da meore wreze wasulan... q-ni T. Kia-saSvili amas rom miambobda, b-ni arnoldi CaerTo da TiTqos moibodiSa: ucnauri kaci iKo ivane, mTxova da uari ver vuTxa-rio...

XXXV . b-ni arnoldi quTaisSi sadalaqos ewvia erTxel dalaqi Tan parsavs erT moqalaqes, Tan iqve mJdom pirs xma-maGla elaparakeba. amasobaSi ramdenime adgilas kanic gauyra... klienti aGSfoTebiT uKviris: Tqven, batono, etKoba ordenis miGeba gindaT Cemi Kelis gamoyraSio...

dalaqi: biZia, me Tqveni ganaTlebisaTvis vzrunav, Tvara am bikentias KoveldGe vxvdebi, karis mezobelia Cemio...

b-ni arnoldi: enakvimati xalxia quTaiselebio. XXXVI . mamaCemi _ grigol Sengelia, romelmac 1930

wels daamTavra Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, TxuTmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi (gardacvalebamde) aswavlida qarTul enasa da literaturas erwo-TianeTSi, manglisSi, TbilisSi... amas-Tan, samecniero muSaobasac eweoda; ekuTvnis werilebi qarTu-li enisa da literaturis swavlebis sakiTxebze; ori wignis Tanaavtoric aris (gr. Sengelias Sesaxeb patara statia qarTu-li enciklopediis me-10 tomSi daibeyda _ arn. Ciqobavas wina-dadebiT). xSirad stumrobda Tavis maswavlebels _ arn. Ciqo-bavas erTi suraTic SemomrCa, sadac b-n arnoldis binaSi magi-das usxedan: b-ni arnoldi, q-ni Tamari, b-ni arnoldis da _ ivlita da mamaCemi (suraTi q-n q. lomTaTiZes gadauGia).

1938 wels mamaCems daumTavrebia wigni `metKvelebis gan-viTarebisaTvis saSualo skolaSi~ (Tanaavtori _ p. xubutia) gamocemamde wigni sarecenziod gadauciaT ramdenime pirisa-

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Tvis, maT Soris _ arn. CiqobavasaTvisac. mamaCemis arqivSi Semonaxulia es recenzia... b-ni arnoldi mokled axasiaTebs wigns, laparakobs mis naklovanebaTa Sesaxeb, xolo daskvnis sa-xiT aGniSnavs: `wignSi ganxilulia Kvela is sakiTxi, romelsac miznad aqvs moswavlis metKvelebis ganviTareba. amdenadve wigni aqtualur sakiTxebs exeba. wigni damuSavebulia keTilsindisie-rad da Cveni saSualo skolisaTvis sargeblobis motana SeuZ-lia... saTanado SesworebaTa Setanis Semdeg wigni SeiZleba da-ibeydos: igi sasargeblo damxmare wigni iqneba saSualo skoli-saTvis~.

r er er er e v a z S ev a z S ev a z S ev a z S e r or or or o z i az i az i az i a `vevevevefxistKaosfxistKaosfxistKaosfxistKaosnis leqnis leqnis leqnis leqsisisisikikikikidandandandan~ II

1. poemaSi sakmaod xSirad gvxvdeba diadiadiadia sitKva. sxvadasxva konteqstSi mas ramdenime mniSvneloba aqvs: diaG, diaGac, ra Tqma unda, oGondac, gacilebiT; Zalian, Zlier; bevri; bevrad (ix. n. naTaZis `vefxistKaosnis~ saskolo gamocema, 1986):

dia gasca saboZvari 123.3 (bevri) viTa Smagi SevkrTi dia 356.3 (Zalian, Zlier) yirni, misgan unaxavni, dia, vismca garduxdian?! 754,4 (di-

aleqtur) movaxsene: `dia, GmerTo, brZaneba vqmna meca Tqveni~ 435.3 (diaG) dia, GmerTo, brZanebaa ege Tqveni 1172.4 (diaG, ra Tqma un-

da) dia, GmerTo, winaSe var, ese Cemgan dadasturda 1534.4

(diaG, oGondac) Tvara me Cemda, ig misda, dia sJobs kidis–kidoba 1496.4

(gacilebiT, diaGac) . . . gamomcemel-komentatoris ganmartebebi (frCxilebSi Ca-

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smuli sitKvebi) SeiZleba rig SemTxvevaSi dasazustebeli iKos. 2. `vefxistKaosnis~ garda diadiadiadia Zvel qarTvelur mwerlo-

baSi dadasturebuli aqvs z. sarJvelaZes: `̀̀̀diadiadiadia Zlier. dia msu-roda SenTvis~. igive forma Setanilia `sitKvis konaSi~. aq `diaG~ da `bevri~ mniSvnelobiT dia or sxvadasxva erTeulad aris warmodgenili. aqvea didididiaaaadidididi, idiidiidiidiaaaadadadada, diaGdiaGdiaGdiaG, didididiamcamcamcamc . . . formebi. es ukanaskneli sulxan-sabas ganmartebiT aris `mKofobis sacilebeli~, xolo xevsurulSi igi `did-didis~ aGmniSvnelia (xevs. leqsikoni). diaGdiaGdiaGdiaG (`friadsaviT~, saba), a. SaniZis mosazrebiT, momdinareobs `dia GmerTosagan~, Tavad dia ki _ diadi sitKvidan. Tu am mosazrebas gaviziarebT, gaur-kveveli rCeba, erTi mxriv, GGGG-s warmomavloba da funqcia, meore mxriv, didididiadadadad Ziria Tu fuZe.

3. a. SaniZis mixedviT, didididiaaaadidididi ← did-ad-i) g. klimovis TvalsazrisiT diddiddiddid reduplicirebuli fuZea. aseTi segmentacia Zirad didididi-s gamogvaKofinebs, rasac mxars dauyerda megrulis didididi (gakvirvebis gamomxatveli Sorisdebuli) diadiadiadia, di di di diTaTaTaTa, di di di didudududu; didididiooooJJJJerererer), di di di dioooodededede//didididioooodededede... formebi. amaTgan dia dia dia dia igive Cans, rac `vefxistKaosnis~ diadiadiadia:

dia, GoronT(i), neba sqani!: `dia, GmerTo, neba Senia. . .~ amgvarad, diadiadiadia forma identuria saliteraturo variantsa da megrul metKvelebaSi. msgavsi viTareba gvaqvs didididi Zirisagan warmoqmnil didididididididi fuZis SemTxvevaSic. rac Seexeba megrulis `̀̀̀diodiodiodio~ da misgan nawarmoeb didididioooodededede//ddddiiiiorororordededede formebs, sarwmuno ar unda iKos specialur literaturaSi fiqsirebuli mosazre-bebi: diorde<dio-dio r-s ganviTarebiT (i. KifSiZe) (m)dGua> dua/doa>dio (S. lomaia).

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i z a C ai z a C ai z a C ai z a C a n t l an t l an t l an t l a ZZZZ eeee,,,, g u g u g u g u b a z v ab a z v ab a z v ab a z v a n in in in i l il il il i S iS iS iS i lalalalazur tizur tizur tizur tipopopoponimnimnimnimTa sisTa sisTa sisTa sistetetetema ma ma ma ,,dididididi nedi nedi nedi nenanananafofofofonasnasnasnas~ mimimimixedxedxedxedviTviTviTviT

2000 wels qalaq froidenStatSi kavkasiis gamomcemlobam

dabeyda oTxenovani (lazur-germanul-Turqul-qarTuli) leq-sikono, romelsac ,,didi lazuri leqsikoni~ hqvia, Tumca 148 gverds moicavs. wignis momzadebaSi monawileoba miiGo rva pi-rovnebam (tine amse-de iongi, yeme Cupina, volfgang foierStai-ni, fahri kahramani, Jemal karadenizli, selma koCiva, ciala na-rakiZe) germaniis, TurqeTisa da saqarTvelos respublikebidan. maT Soris zogi enaTmecnieria, zogic _ biznesmeni. leqsikonis publikacia ekuTvnis golfgang foierStains, xolo naSromi mi-eZGvna ,,lazuri enisa da kulturis ostats~ fahri kahramans, romelmac Kvelaze meti gaakeTa am wignis arsebobisaTvis, mag-ram, samwuxarod mis gamocemamde gardaicvala.

leqsikoni iwKeba fahri kahramanis daxasiaTebiT, romel-sac Tan axlavs didi lazi swavlulis fotoc da misi cnobili gamonaTqvamic: laziSeni oxenon dido dul�afe qoren (,,lazi-saTvis gasakeTebeli didi saqmeebi aris~); da marTlac asea!

upirveles Kovlisa, Cven SevexebiT ,,didi nenafona~-Si warmodgenil lazur toponimebs. wigns axlavs germanulenovani winasitKvaoba, romlis mixedviTac lazuri nawilia samxreTkav-kasiur enaTa Jgufisa, romelsac ganekuTneba, agreTve, qarTu-li, megruli da svanuri. masSi oTxi didi dialeqti gamoiKofa. esenia: aTinuri, arTaSenuli, arqabul-viwuri (an Sualzuri) da xofuri. leqsemebs miwerili aqvT Sesabamisi di-aleqturi formebi, maT Soris toponimebsac, Tumca, rasakvir-velia, Kvela SemTxvevaSi oTxive monacemi miTiTebuli araa. zogJer gamotovebulia qarTuli SesatKvisebic.

samwuxarod, lazuri toponimebi dGemde srulKofilad ar aris Seswavlili. mxolod i. sixaruliZis monografia, ro-melSic aGwerilia eTnografiul-istoriuli lazeTis toponi-

85

mika sofel kvariaTidan mdinare kalaSamde, sakmarisi ar ga-xlavT. amJerad Cven SevecdebiT vimsJeloT ,,did lazur leqsi-konSi~ Setanil toponimTa sistemis Sesaxeb:

rogorc cnobilia, Kvela qarTvelur enaSi aSkarad ig-rZnoba brunvaSi marTulmsazGvrelian toponimTa simravle _

igive viTarebaa lazurSic; amasTanave naTesaobiTi brunvis mo-rfema xan daculia, xanac mokvecili (srulad an nawilobriv): burburburburbubububu-SSSS-oxoxoxoxvavavavamemememe (,,Gamuras salocavi~), azoTazoTazoTazoT-iSiSiSiS-GaliGaliGaliGali (,,azotis rele), badbadbadbad-iSiSiSiS-KonaKonaKonaKona (`bebris Kana~), bardbardbardbard-iSiSiSiS-GaliGaliGaliGali (,,zvinis<bar-dis Gele~), Sdr. bardbardbardbard-iiii-bibibibinexnexnexnex-iiii (<*bardbardbardbard-iSiSiSiS-bibibibinexnexnexnex-iiii ,,veluri mcenaris venaxi, tani~, Sdr. KurKurKurKurZenZenZenZen-iSiSiSiS-bibibibinexnexnexnex-iiii ,,KurZnis venaxi~), GeJGeJGeJGeJ-iiii-tatatatalaxlaxlaxlax-onononon-aaaa (<*GeJGeJGeJGeJ-iS taiS taiS taiS talaxlaxlaxlax-iiii), yeryeryeryerkezkezkezkez-iiiiS ofuS ofuS ofuS ofutetetete (,,Cerqe-zis ubani~, dasaxleba; -CCCC>yyyy fonetikuri gadasvla advili asax-snelia lazurisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli gamkveTrebis procesiT, romelic kidev ufro Sorsaa wasuli am toponimis reducire-bul variantSi yeyeyeyekekekeke-S oS oS oS o-ptptptpt-eeee); oooo-futfutfutfut-eeee (Sdr. ayarul-gurul futfutfutfut-i (,,kvamli~) xSirad gamoiKeneba lazur toponimebSi kompo-zitis meore komponentad (marmarmarmar-iiii-skirskirskirskir-iSiSiSiS<*marmarmarmar-iSiSiSiS-skirskirskirskir-iS ofuiS ofuiS ofuiS ofute te te te

,,maris Svilis ubani~, daddaddaddad-iS ofuiS ofuiS ofuiS ofutetetete ,,bicolas ubani~, xalxalxalxalbabababa-SSSS-iSiSiSiS//xarxarxarxarbabababa-SSSS-iSiSiSiS ofuofuofuofutetetete ,,xalbaSis<xalvaSis ubani~ da a. S.

,,didi nenafonaSi~ gvxvdeba, agreTve, kompozituri agebu-lebis iseTi marTulsazGvreliani toponimebi, romelTa pirve-li komponenti anTroponimuli warmomavlobisa unda iKos. ase-Tia, magaliTad ykemykemykemykem-iSiSiSiS-iS GaliiS GaliiS GaliiS Gali, top top top top-iSiSiSiS-onaonaonaona <top-iS-èona<top-iS-Kona (,,topiSis Kana~); Sdr. lazuri gvarebi memmemmemmem-iSiSiSiS-iSiSiSiS-iiii, van van van van-ilililil-iSiSiSiS-iiii,...). agreTve: pappappappap-aTaTaTaT-iiii (sof. sarfi), pappappappap-ilililil-aTaTaTaT-iiii (arqabi da aTina), Sdr. Zveli lazuri gvari papapapapipipipilalalala.

arqabeSi, sofel filargeSi, gvxvdeba metad saintereso toponimi dad dad dad dad-iSiSiSiS-ona ona ona ona (,,bicolas Kana~), romelic unda momdina-reobdes *daddaddaddad-iSiSiSiS-èèèèonaonaonaona<*daddaddaddad-iSiSiSiS-KonaKonaKonaKona-sgan. igi saKuradreboa ara mxolod lingvisturi, aramed eTnologiuri TvalsazrisiTac daddaddaddad-iS oiS oiS oiS o-futfutfutfut-eeee (,,bicolas komli~) da daddaddaddad-iS oiS oiS oiS o-xorxorxorxor-iiii (,,bico-las saxli~) sintagmebTan erTad. amgvar toponimebsa Tu Se-sitKvebebs lazebi mxolod maSin qmnidnen, rodesac oJaxSi,

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meuGlis gardacvalebis Semdeg, sxva mamakacTa mcirewlovanebis gamo daddaddaddad-i i i i (,,bicola~, Sdr. qarTuli mmmm-daddaddaddad-eeee, da da da da, de de de deiiiidadadada da a. S.) iKo ufrosi. am mxriv sagulisxmoa agreTve, aTinaSi, sofel fazarSi dadasturebuli toponimi daddaddaddad-iviviviv-aTaTaTaT-iiii, romlis Ziri

da daddaddaddad-ianianianian-iiii’’’’s amosavali fuZe SesaZloa ,,bicolas~ lazuri sa-xelwodebidan momdinareobdes, romelic, Tavis mxriv, saerTo-qarTveluri donisa Cans.

,,lazeTSi~ (toponimi pirobiTia!) Zalze gavrcelebulia, agreTve, atributuli msazGvrelis Semcvel kompozitTagan mo-mdinare toponimebi, Cveulebriv, prepoziciuri wKobisa, magram gvxvdeba postapoziciac: dididididi oJaGidi oJaGidi oJaGidi oJaGi, magram: dobdobdobdobrarararadidididididididi<dobdobdobdob----

rararara++++didididididididi, Gal Gal Gal Galdidididididididi<GalGalGalGal-i dii dii dii dididididi da a. S. lazur toponimTa warmoebaSi monawileoben derivaciuli

afiqsebi (yuyuyuyuberberberber-eeee-fufufufunananana ,,wablinari~, nononono-binJbinJbinJbinJ-enenenen-iiii ,,nabrinJali~, nononono-babababagengengengen-eeee ,,na-nali-ev-i~, oooo-burbburbburbburb-e e e e ,,saGamure~) an Tadebulebi (wkarwkarwkarwkar-memememelelelele ,,wKalgaGma~, ykonykonykonykon-iiii-kakakakalalalala ,,muxasTan~, msqimsqimsqimsqibubububu-kakakakalalalala ,,wisqvilTan~) da a. S.

zogJer erTi da imave geografiuli punqtisaTvis ori, erTimeorisagan sruliad gansxvavebuli saxelwodeba gvaqvs. ma-galiTad, sofel borCxaSi erTmaneTis paralelurad gvxvdeba jurjurjurjur-xinJxinJxinJxinJ-iiii (,,orxidi~) da wkarwkarwkarwkar-KaKaKaKa (<*wkawkawkawkariririri-S KaS KaS KaS Ka ,,wKlis toti).

toponimebSi aisaxeba cocxal metKvelebaSi mimdinare fo-netikuri procesebic: rrrr/llll sonorTa �-Si gadasvla da mere srulad gaqroba damaxasiaTebelia megrul-lazurisaTvis. sana-lizo leqsikonis mixedviT, viwes (dGevandeli findikli) so-fel abuulaSi fiqsirebulia toponimi momomomontrantrantrantracecececeriririri (,,mewKeri~ < ,,mowKvetili~ < ,,damewKrili~), romelic sarfSic (saqarTve-los) gvxvdeba, oGond momomomontrantrantrantraceiceiceicei-s saxiT. arTaSenSi erTmane-Tis paralelurad gvaqvs dezafsikatizaciis procesis amsaxveli leqsemebi ZGemiZGemiZGemiZGemi>zGemizGemizGemizGemi, xolo sofel baSq�oiSi dadasturebu-lia mximximximxigigigigi da misgan asimilaciis gziT miGebuli fxifxifxifxigi gi gi gi aseve erTmaneTis paralelurad.

aGniSnul leqsikonSi iSviaTad gaparulia Secdomebic: sofel sarfSic (moleni sarfi) aris adgili, romelsac oooo-

87

yaGanyaGanyaGanyaGan-eeee ewodeba (,,sa-kiboCxal-e~) Sdr. analogiuri oooo-CxoCxoCxoCxomurmurmurmur-eeee o-Cxam-ur-e qobuleTis raionSi. sarfeli ar itKvis JaGansJaGansJaGansJaGans-ssss (,,kiborCxala~) an oJaGaneoJaGaneoJaGaneoJaGane-s, romelic gvxvdeba saanalizo leq-sikonSi (gv. 102), Tumca specialur liratraturaSi dadastu-rebulia rogorc oJaGane oJaGane oJaGane oJaGane ise oyaGaneoyaGaneoyaGaneoyaGane-c (i. sixaruliZe).

arqabsa da ardasenSi gamoiKeneba toponimebi sisisisi-derderderder-iiii, sisisisi-derderderder-

eeee (Sdr. Turq. dare ,,xeoba, mdinare~ da svanuri dere (,,naprali KinulSi~); sisisisi- prefiqsis funqcia CvenTvis mTlad naTeli araa).

Cven xelT gvaqvs agreTve 2007 wels stambulSi gamocemu-li 1160 gverdis ,,didi lazuri nenapuna~, Sedgenili Turqi mkvlevarebis _ ismail buJakliSis, hasan uzunhasanoGlus da irfan aleqsivas _ mier. vapirebT gavagrZeloT muSaoba topo-nimTa Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT ara mxolod leqsikonebis mi-xedviT, aramed adgilze (rogorc saqarTvelos, ise TurqeTis teritoriaze dasaxlebul lazTa Soris) moviZioT Kvela makro da mikrotoponimebi, raTa SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo uni-versitetTan arsebuli qarTvelologiis institutis Tanam-SromlebTan erTad gamovceT lazur toponimTa vrceli akade-miuri leqsikoni.

m am am am a n an an an a n a C an a C an a C an a C a C aC aC aC a n in in in i Z eZ eZ eZ e dedededenonononotatatataciaciaciacia-kokokokononononotatatataciciciciis diis diis diis diaaaaleqleqleqleqtitititika da Taka da Taka da Taka da Tananananamedmedmedmedrorororoveveveve leqleqleqleqsisisisikogkogkogkograrararafifififiis tenis tenis tenis tendendendendencicicicieeeebibibibi

sitKvis denotaciur da konotaciur mxareTa leqsikogra-fiuli deskrifcia, rogorc upirvelesi amocana leqsikografi-uli damuSavebisa, umniSvnelovanesia lingvistikisaTvis. faq-tobrivad, es aris `leqsikografiis leqsikologia~, ZiriTadi Sinaarsi leqsikografiuli mecnierebisa.

Tanamedrove leqsikografiuli industria, intensiurad mzardi leqsikografiuli reestri, samwuxarod, `leqsikogra-

88

fiis leqsikologiis~ gverdis avliT aGwevs da inarCunebs Ta-vis masStaburobas. erTi SexedviT, amgvar viTarebas martivi gamarTlebac SeiZleba moeZebnos imis gaxsenebiT, rom iKo dro, roca leqsikografia `leqsikologiis gerad~ iTvleboda, axla ki `leqsikografiis droa~. arada àxali leqsikografiuli si-tuacia~, isev samwuxarod, arc saxumaroa da arc revanSistu-li. opoopoopoopoziziziziciciciciuuuuri wKviri wKviri wKviri wKvili li li li `̀̀̀leqleqleqleqsisisisikogkogkogkograrararafifififiis leqis leqis leqis leqsisisisikokokokolololologiagiagiagia~ da da da da

`leqleqleqleqsisisisikogkogkogkograrararafifififiuuuuli li li li (Tu leqTu leqTu leqTu leqsisisisikogkogkogkograrararafifififiisisisis?!) in in in indusdusdusdustriatriatriatria~ na na na na----

mdvimdvimdvimdvilad aralad aralad aralad arasasasasaxarxarxarxarbibibibieeeelo mdgolo mdgolo mdgolo mdgomamamamarererereoooobabababaSiaSiaSiaSia. amis gaTvaliswine-biT, zogadad lingvistikis da konkretulad leqsikologiisa da leqsikografiis mizanmimarTulebebidan gamomdinare logi-kuria daisvas kiTxva: iqiqiqiqnebnebnebneb leqleqleqleqsisisisikokokokolololologigigigiuuuuri uzri uzri uzri uzrunrunrunrunvelKofa velKofa velKofa velKofa

leqleqleqleqsisisisikogkogkogkograrararafifififiuuuuli sali sali sali samumumumuSaSaSaSaooooeeeebibibibisa aGar aris upirsa aGar aris upirsa aGar aris upirsa aGar aris upirvevevevelelelelesisisisi? sain-teresoa, ras gveubneba aGniSnul problemasTan mimarTebiT sitKvis denotacia-konotaciis dialeqtika, bolosdabolos es aris lingvistikis komptencia Tavisi leqsikologiiTa da leq-sikografiiT?! TvalsaCinoebisaTvis moxsenebaSi am kuTxiT mimo-vixilavT qeglis axal saredaqcio samuSaoebs da axladredaq-tirebul masalebs.

saanalizo masala mowmobs, rom swored denotaciisa da konotaciis dialeqtika, misTvis niSandoblivi urTierTqmede-biTa da urTierTgavleniT, warmodgenili saTanado leqsikog-rafiuli aparatiT, aris is bazisi, romelic ganapirobebs Ta-namedrove leqsikografias, rogorc mecnierebis dargs da ara zogadad mis mecnierul formats. Tumca es ukanaskneli misive prezentabelurobidan gamomdinare dGes, rogorc arasdros, uaGresad aqtualuria. calsaxad unda iTqvas, rom denotacii-sa da konotaciis dialeqtika mimarTulia leqsikografiis in-strumentulobis winaaGmdeg amjamad iseve, rogorc SedarebiT adre igi warmatebiT upirispirdeboda leqsikografiis xelos-nobas.

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h ah ah ah a r u n C i mr u n C i mr u n C i mr u n C i m q eq eq eq e ododododnanananaoooobis sebis sebis sebis semanmanmanmantitititikis Sekis Sekis Sekis Se- zmnis zmnis zmnis zmniswiwiwiwininininian foran foran foran formamamamaTaTaTaTa gadmogadmogadmogadmocecececemis samis samis samis saSuSuSuSuaaaalelelelebabababani Turni Turni Turni TurqulqulqulqulSiSiSiSi

1. qarTuli enisagan gansxvavebiT, TurqulSi ar moipove-

ba zmniswinebi, rac zmniswinian formaTa qarTulidan Turqul-ze gadatanis dros qmnis garkveul problemebs. winaaGmdegob-rivia saleqsikono masalac. magaliTad, qarTul-Turquli da Turqul-qarTuli leqsikonis mixedviT SeSeSeSezidzidzidzidvavavava Turqulad asea Targmnili: raGacis SigniT zidva. Turquli enis ganmar-tebiT leqsikonSi ki pirdapir sitKva SeSeSeSezidzidzidzidvasvasvasvas ver vxvdebiT. esec SeiZleba imiT aixsnas, rom Turqul enaSi mimarTulebis gamosaxatavad ixmareba mimarTulebis aGmniSvneli zmnisarTebi, xolo zogadi moqmedeba gadmoicema masdariT. magaliTad: zidzidzidzid----

vavavava Turqulad asea ganmartebuli: Taşımak: 1. Bir şeyi bir yerden

başka bir yere götürmek. 2. Üstünde bulundurmak, romlis Targmania: raGacis erTi adgilidan sxva adgilze waGeba, 2. Tan qona.

2. SeSeSeSe- zmniswinis erT-erTi funqcia aris odnaobis gamo-xatva. am semantikuri velis farglebSi gamoiKofa ramdenime sa-qcevi: òdnav~, `cota, cotaTi~, `mcire/raGac xniT, erTgzis~, `nawilobriv~, `zereled, Zlivs, TiTqmis~, àqa-iq, alag-alag, mcired~, `dawKebiToba, inxoativi~ (moqmedeba-procesis fazis partitiuloba)... qarTulis SeSeSeSe- zmniswinian formaTa Sesabamisi saqcevebis mixedviT Turqul masalasTan Sepirispirebas movax-denT qegl-is masalaze daKrdnobiT. magaliTad: saqcevi òdododod----

navnavnavnav~: Sesveldeba (biraz ıslanacak _ odnav dasveldeba), Sexuxavs (biraz ısıtacak _ odnav gaaTbobs), Seteniandeba (bıraz nemlenecek _ odnav nestiani gaxdeba), Serbildeba (bıraz yumuşayacak _ odnav darbildeba), Seykneba (biraz solaacak _ odnav daykneba); saqcevi `cocococotatatata, co co co cotatatataTiTiTiTi~: Seagviandeba (biraz gec kalacak _ cota xans da-agviandeba), SearTmevs (Biraz azaltacak _ cotas Seaclis), Seasve-nebs (biraz dınlenecek _ cota xans daasvenebs), Secotavdeba (biraz

azalacak _ cota gaxdeba)...

90

3. odnaobis semantikis gamomxatvel SeSeSeSe- zmniswinian for-maTa Turqulis masalasTan Sepirispirebis Sedegebis gaTvalis-wineba saintereso iqneba rogorc erTi enidan meore enaze Targmnisas, aseve TargmniTi leqsikonebis Sedgenisas.

Seniavdeba /Seaniavebs (igivea, rac aaniavebs), SemSraldeba

(bıraz kuyacak) 2222) saKrde saKrde saKrde saKrdeni ni ni ni Seswmends(mowmends, mousufTavebs, moumSralebs, Suxocavs (pirsaxociT, xelsaxociT))... (35 erT.); 3333) sa sa sa saqceqceqceqcevivivivi: `dawKebiToba, inxoativi~ (moqmedeba-procesis fazis partitiuloba): SefrTxialdeba (kanatlanmaya başlayacak), Se-tokdeba (erTbaSad Seirxeva, SeinZreva), Serokdeba (oynamaya

başlayacak, Sekuntrucdeba, SeSindeba (SiSiT ganimsyvaleba, _ dafrTxeba, dafeTdeba; daSindeba), Semxiaruldeba (cotaTi ga-mxiardeba)... (60 erT.); 4444) sa sa sa saqceqceqceqcevivivivi: àqa-iq, alag-alag, mcired~:

Sebandavs (ustunkörü saracak), Sesxeps (Seayris, Seakafavs (to-tebs)), Seayris (mosyris rameze, _ Sesyris), SeatKavebs (zogan tKavs Seaclis), Seferaddeba (feradi gaxdeba, sxva feri miece-ma, _ SeiGebeba)... (8 erT); 5555) sa sa sa saqceqceqceqcevivivivi: `mcire/raGac xniT, er-Tgzis~: SeaCerebs (moZraobas droebiT SeuwKvets, cota xniT gaaCerebs, SeaKenebs, SeaKovnebs) /SeCerdeba (kısa muddet duracak), SeKovndeba (mcire xniT daKovndeba, _SeCerdeba, Sedgeba) SewKvets (aGar ganagrZobs, _ SeaCerebs; gaaTavebs, daasrulebs, gawKvets) /SeawKvetinebs (aiZulebs an saSualebas miscems SewKvitos, _ SeaCerebinebs; ar daamTavrebinebs; gaawKvetinebs), SeaKenebs (1. svlas siaruls an moZraobas SeawKvetinebs, _ gaa-Cerebs, daaKenebs)... (5 erT.); 6666) sa sa sa saqceqceqceqcevivivivi: `nawilobriv~: Seaswo-rebs ((mcdars) gaasworebs, gamarTavs; SeakeTebs), Seasrulebs, Sesxlavs(Seayris, Sekreys (totebs)), Seremontdeba (remonti gaukeTdeba, _ garemontdeba, SekeTdeba) /Searemontebs (re-monts gaukeTebs, _ SeakeTebs), Sebelavs (qveda totebs), Se-Tvlis (informaciis nawils), SegleJs, Senaxevrdeba/Seanaxevrebs (TiTqmis gaanaxevrebs; naxevramde daiKvasn)... (15 erT.); 7777) sa sa sa sa----

qceqceqceqcevivivivi: `zereled, Zlivs, TiTqmis~: Sebaravs, Sepotindeba (zorla

çıkacak), SemTavrdeba (SeTavdeba, damTavrdeba)... (4 erT.).

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m em em em e r a b C ur a b C ur a b C ur a b C u x u ax u ax u ax u a

proproproprototototokavkavkavkavkakakakasisisisiuuuuri furi furi furi fuZeZeZeZe-enis leqenis leqenis leqenis leqsisisisikukukukuriririri

SeSeSeSedgedgedgedgeninininilolololobibibibisasasasaTvis Tvis Tvis Tvis (drodrodrodro, ca ca ca ca, mna mna mna mnaToToToTobebebebebibibibi, bubububunenenenebis mobis mobis mobis movlevlevlevlenenenenebibibibi)

s.-qarTv. *GonGonGonGon- `dGeoba, dGesaswauli~ (Zv. qarT. Gon-i

`kerpi~, zan. -xu ←*Gun, dGa-xu `dGesaswauli, uqme dGe~, svan. Gˆn `dGesaswauli~) ~ s.-sind. *„an„an„an„an- `dro, sezoni~ (afx. ‰n

←*a-„an, abaz. a„a, ad. G–, Kab. Ga, ubix. Ga `dro, sezoni~) ~ s.-daG. *„a„a„a„arrrr…………- `dro, saukeTeso periodi~ (yam. Ká…, tind. Káru, God. Káru `dro~, lak. arG `cxovrebis saukeTeso wle-bi~, darg. arG àsaki; amindi~, arC. oƒ, xin. enG (erg. inK-i) `qorwili~);

s.-qarTv. *xanxanxanxan- `xani; daxaneba~ (qarT. xan-i `dro, jami~, xan-da-xan, da-xan-eb-a, zan. (megr.) xon-af-a = xan-eb-a, xon-eb-a

`marxva; daxaneba~, xon-en-s `marxulobs~) ~ s.-nax. *xanxanxanxan- `dro, asaki, jami~ (iCq. xan, ing. x–, erg. xan-uo, bacb. xan `dro, jami~) ~ s.-daG. *meƒmeƒmeƒmeƒ- `dro, sezoni~ (xunZ. mex´ `dro~, kar. muƒé `qor-wili~.., darg. meƒ´ º miƒ´ `qorwineba~.., lezg. meƒ-er `daqorwine-ba~);

s.-qarTv. *deGdeGdeGdeG-eeee `dGe; amindi~ (qarT. dGe, zan. (n)dGa `dGe; amindi~, svan. la-deG `dGe~) ~ s.-sind. *dˆGdˆGdˆGdˆG-aaaa `mze~ (ad. TˆG–, Kab. dˆG–, ubix. ndGa `mze~, Sdr. ad. TˆG…a-s, Kab.

dˆG…‰-sa `guSin~: zan. go-Ga ←*go-dGa `guSin~) ~ s.-nax. *daGdaGdaGdaG-uuuu `wvima~ (iCq. daGu º duoGa, ing. doaG–, bacb. {daGš}) ~ s.-daG. *G…edG…edG…edG…ed-eeee `dro, dGe; wvima~ (did. Gudi, hin. G…ede, xvarS. G…ade, bej. …odo, hunz. …ˆdˆ `dGe, wvima, varskvlavi~, lak.

hanTá ←*Ganda `dGe-Game (24 saaTi)~, arC. hanTí ←*Gandi `ga-rkveuli drois monakveTi~);

s.-qarTv. *serserserser- `Game; saGamo~ (qarT. ser-oba, ser-is kud-i,

zan. ser-i `Game~) ~ s.-sind. *SSSSˆ̂̂̂…………-a `Game~ (ubix. Sˆ…a `Game~) ~

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s.-nax. *fsarfsarfsarfsar-← w.-nax. *s…ars…ars…ars…ar- `saGamo~ (iCq. sar-ah٨, ing. sar-ah٨, bacb. fsar-eh٨ `saGamos~, Sdr.: iCq. s‹-sar-a, ing. si�-sar-a, bacb.

si-fsr-eh٨ `guSinwin~) ~ hur.-urart. *S…erS…erS…erS…er- (hurit. SŠrˆSŠrˆSŠrˆSŠrˆ

`saGamo; dasavleTi~) ~ s.-daG. *s…ars…ars…ars…ar- `Game~ (xunZ. sor-do º Sor-do (yad.) `Game~);

s.-qarTv. *bG…arbG…arbG…arbG…ar- `mziani; samxreTi~ (Zv. qarT. bGuar-i

`samxreTi~) ~ s.-sind. *ba„aba„aba„aba„a `mze~ (afx. a-mra, abaz. mara `mze~)

~ s.-nax. *b„ar- `naTeli~ (iCq. b„�r-lanig `kaSkaSa~, b„�r-la

`naTeli~, ing. b„�r- `naTeli~, bacb. {b„ar-}) ~ s.-daG. *bar„bar„bar„bar„- `mze; dGe~ (xunZ. baK `mze~.., did., hin., xvarS. buƒ, bej. boƒ,

hunz. boƒ, lak. barG `mze~, darg. barh٨i º berh٨i `mze, dGe~, lezg. raG, Tab. riG, aG. raG, ruT. …irˆG, kriw. …iraG, wax. …irˆG, bud. …iraG, arC. barƒ, ud. be´G, xin. ˆnK `mze~);

s.-qarTv. *dddd-usTusTusTusT-eeee `mTvare, Tve~ (Zv. qarT. TTue º T‚Te,

zan. TuTa º mTuTa `Tve, mTvare~, TuTa-Sxa òrSabaTi~, svan.

doSd-ul `mTvare~, d…eSd-iS òrSabaTi~) ~ s.-sind. *mmmm-ˆZˆZˆZˆZ-aaaa `mTvare, Tve~ (afx. ц-mza, abaz. mzˆ, ad. maz–, Kab. maz–, ubix. mˆZц `Tve, mTvare~) ~ s.-nax. *bbbb-uTuTuTuT ´́́́- `mTvare, Tve~ (iCq. buT´,

ing. buT´, bacb. buT´) ~ s.-daG. *bbbb-uZuZuZuZ-iiii º *bbbb-uwuwuwuw´́́́-iiii `mTvare, Tve~ (xunZ. mow´, and. borwí, axv. bowó, yam. bo¬, tind. bocú, kar. borwó, boTl. furwú, bagv. bow´, God. furcú, did. buci, hin. buce, xvarS. buca, inx. bucu, bej., hunz. boco `mTvare~, lak. barz `Tve, mTvare~, darg. baZ º baw º bac´, lezg. …arz, Tab., aG., ruT., wax. …az, kriw. …’z, bud. …ˆz, arC. bac, xin. …aw `mTvare~);

s.-qarTv. *zG…elzG…elzG…elzG…el- `didi wvima~ (qarT. (imer.) zGvel-a

`didi, kokispiruli wvima~, zan. (megr.) zGvar-zGval-i `kokispi-ruli wvima~, svan. jGer ←*jG…er `Tavsxma, didi wvima, TqeSi~)

~ s.-nax. *zaGzaGzaGzaG- `wvima~ (naxuri ekvivalenti nasesxobis saxiT

osurma enam Semogvinaxa, Sdr. os. z�Gz�Gz�Gz�G `wvima~) ~ s.-daG. *zangzangzangzang-

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elelelel- `wvima; setKva~ (did. zigolu, xvarS. zangeru, bej. holo-Sigi, hunz. belu-Sige `setKva~.., lak. zig `wvima~);

s.-qarTv. *KelKelKelKel- `wvima; wvimianoba~ (qarT. Kel-oba-� `wvi-ma-ƒSiroba; wvim(r)ian-oba~ (saba), yia-KelKelKelKel-a `wvimis yia (?)~,

zan. (megr.) go-‡al-af-a `wvimisgan ruebis adideba~) ~ s.-nax. *KarKarKarKar-uuuu `wvima; setKva~ (iCq. Kuora, iTumK. Kor, yeb. Karu, ing. Koara º Kora `setKva~, bacb. Kar `wvima~, Kar-ol-en `wvimiani~, Kar-on n„an `wvimis yia~) ~ s.-daG. *KilKilKilKil-uuuu `wvima; zafxuli~ (and. Kínu, axv. Kíno º Kínu, yam. Kín…, tind. Kínu, kar. Kíno, God. Kínu, aG. Gul, ruT. Gˆ´l-d, wax. Gˆ´l, arC. ƒi´T´-iƒ `za-fxuli~, xin. Kula `wvima~);

s.-qarTv. *zemzemzemzem- `dro, xani~ (qarT. zm-, xan-da-zm-ul-i, zan. jam-i `dro~, mu-jam-s `ra dros~, miTa-jam-i `Zveli dro~) ~

s.-sind. j…j…j…j…-aaaa `ca~ (afx. ц-jº-„…an, abaz. j…-„…and `ca~, ad. jºa-

G…a `varskvlavi~, ubix. j…a `ca~) ~ s.-daG. *zab-u `ca, dGe, varskvlavi~ (xunZ. zob º job `ca~, and. zubu, tind. zebu, bagv. zeb, kar. zebu, boTl. zi…u, God. zibu `dGe~ lak. sá… `ca~, darg. zab º Za… º cáb `wvima, ca~, lezg. cá…, Tab. za…, aG. za…, kriw. za…, beud. zˆ…, xin. c´…a `ca~);

s.-qarTv. *mxarmxarmxarmxar- `sadili; samxari; samxreTi~ (qarT. sa-mxar-i

`samxreTi~, `sadili~, svan. mˆx�r `xval~) ~ s.-sind. *maxÀ…-a

`dGe~ (afx. ц-mS, abaz mSˆ, ad. ma†– ←*maxÀ…–, Kab. maxÀ…a, ubix. mˆs…a `dGe~) ~ s.-nax. *malxmalxmalxmalx- `mze~ (iCq. malx, ing. malx, bacb.

maTx `mze~) ~ s.-daG. *milmilmilmil▼-e `mze, dGe; samxreTi~ (and. mil▼i,

axv. mil▼i, kar. mile, tind. mili, boTl. mi¹hi, bagv. mil▼, God.

mil▼i, yam. mil▼ `mze, dGe~, Sdr. tind. mil▼-a `mTis (mziani) samxreTuli daqaneba~);

s.-qarTv. *mmmm(aaaa)zezezeze `mze~ (qarT. mze, zan. mja º bja `mze~, bja-Sxa `kvira, mzis dGe~, svan. mˆj º mij `mze~, mij-ladeG `kvi-ra~) ~ s.-sind. *mˆzamˆzamˆzamˆza `sxivi, naTura, CiraGdani~ (afx. a-Cº¥-mza `sanTeli~, bzif. a-mza `maSxala~, abaz. mza `naTura~, ad. bzˆ�,

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Kab. bzi� `sxivi, Suqi~, ubix. mˆZa ←*mˆza `naTura, Suqi, sanTe-li~) ~ s.-nax. *majmajmajmaj-un `KviTeli~ (iCq. muoja º moja `KviTeli~,

ing. moaj– `vardisferi~, bacb. {maju¹}) ~ s.-daG. *marzmarzmarzmarz-u àli~ (lezg. murz, Tab. murz `cecxlis mnaTi nawili~);

s.-qarTv. *yaqyaqyaqyaq- `yeq-a/i~ (qarT. yeq-a-quxili, el-yeqi, da-

yeq-eb-a, zan. yuq-af-i `yeqeba~, svan. li-yˆq-un-e `dayeqeba~) ~ s.-sind. *wwww(…………)akakakak- `naperwkali; mnaTobi~ (ad. fxa-waya, Kab. fxa-Zaya `muguzali~ = fxe `xe~ + waka `naperwkali~, ubix. w…ank

`mnaTobi~) ~ s.-daG. *w…aqw…aqw…aqw…aq- `ca, mnaTobi; naperwkali~ (xunZ. w´…aqi, axv. w´…aqa, yam. waqa, tind. waq…a `naperwkali, elvare; mnaTobi~ (Sdr. xunZ. zmnuri fuZe w´…aq- `brwKinva~), lak. wuq `mnaTobi~, darg. waq º Zaq º cáq `ca~, lezg. wuk, kriw. wuk `na-perwkali; muguzali~);

s.-qarTv. *S…a…S…a…S…a…S…a…- `Svavi, wKliani Tovli~ (qarT. Svav-i, imer. Sval-v-a `Tovl-yKapi~, gur. Svan-v-a `Tovlis fifqis wKliT damZimeba~, zan. (megr.) svim-on-i ←*sqvim-on-i `Svavi~, et.

`Svaviani~) ~ s.-nax. *hhhh٨u…u…u…u…- `sineste~ (iCq. h٨î ←*h٨u…, ing. h٨u…

`sinestisgan gamowveuli anTeba~, bacb. {h٨uv}) ~ s.-daG. *S…ibS…ibS…ibS…ib- `TrTvili~ (xunZ. Súb, and. Síb, axv. síbi, yam. síb, tind. Síbi, kar. Síbe, boTl. Síbi, God. Síbi, did. xebi, hin. xebi, xvarS. xeba, inx. x•bo, lak. x´…i´m, ud. xo `TrTvili, yirxli~);

s.-qarTv. *z…a…z…a…z…a…z…a…- ← w.-qarTv. *za…za…za…za…- `zvavi~ (qarT. zvav-i,

svan. j� º ja� º j�h ←*ja… `zvavi~, ja�-baba `zvav-qari~, Sdr. megr. Sum-on-i ←*jum-on-i `zvavi~) ~ s.-sind. *aaaa-zˆzˆzˆzˆ- `TrTvili;

Tova~ (afx. a-Za-Za º a-Z▼a-Z▼a, abaz. aZ `cvari, TrTvili~, ubix.

z…a-Zˆ `Tovli~, ma-Z¥ `TrTvili~, Zˆ `Tova~) ~ s.-nax. *aaaa-zirzirzirzir- `TrTvili~ (iCq. �-is, yeb. mr. �sir-eS, ing. �-is, mr. asar-aS,

bacb. {�-iz}) ~ s.-daG. *aaaa(nnnn)zuzuzuzu- `Tovli~ (xunZ. „azu, and. anji, axv. a¹ji, yam. anz, tind. anzi, kar. „anze, boTl. anzi, bagv. anz, God. anzi, did. isi, hin. iSe, xvarS. i¹sa, inx. e¹so, bej. o¹z, hunz. ˆ¹z, ruT. �iz, wax., kriw., bud. �iz, ud. i´j `Tovli~);

s.-qarTv. *w…edw…edw…edw…ed- `wveTi, cvari~ (qarT. w…eT-i, wveT-av-s,

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sa-wveT-ur-i, zan. yvaT-i `wveTi~, o-la-yvaT-ir-e `sawveTuri, oyvaTo~, svan. …ed ← *y…ed `cvari~) ~ s.-nax. *darwdarwdarwdarw- `wvima, uamindoba~ (iCq. derZ º derz, ing. darZ º darc´ `qarbuqi~, bacb. darw-ol `wvimianoba~) ~ s.-daG. *wwww(…………)adadadad- `wvima, wveTi~ (xunZ. wád, and. wá, axv. wári, yam. ¬‰, tind. c´‰, kar. wá�,

boTl. wá�, God. cá�i `wvima~, lezg. stal ←*wdal `wveTi~, Tab. wadal, aG. war º waral `cvari, nami~, kriw. wadi `Txevadi, wKal-wKala~, xin. wu `wveTi~);

s.-qarTv. *w…imw…imw…imw…im- `wvima~ (qarT. wvim-a, wvim-s, zan. yvim-a `wvima~,

yvin-s `wvims~, svan. mˆ-ym-in-�l `varskvlavTmricxveli~) ~ s.-nax. *w…ibw…ibw…ibw…ib- `GvTaeba~ (iCq. wî, qist. wi…, ing. wu… `warmarTuli GvTaeba~, bacb. wi�b `kerpi~) ~ s.-daG. *w…ibw…ibw…ibw…ib- `wKaloba, Gme-rTi~ (xunZ. wób `wKaloba~, and. wób `GmerTi~.., lak. wimi `gracia; TanagrZnoba~, darg. wum `mowKaleba, TanagrZnoba~).

p ap ap ap a aaaa t a c x at a c x at a c x at a c x a d ad ad ad a i ai ai ai a sasasasami kolmi kolmi kolmi kolxuxuxuxuri mikri mikri mikri mikrorororohidhidhidhidrorororoninininimis struqmis struqmis struqmis struqtutututurulrulrulrul- sesesesemanmanmanmantitititikukukukuri ri ri ri anaanaanaanalilililizi zi zi zi (mimimimiononononCuCuCuCurarararafufufufu, du du du dudiSdiSdiSdiS

owKviowKviowKviowKvitatatatafufufufu, sa sa sa saororororgiogiogiogio)

1. mimimimiononononCuCuCuCurarararafufufufu istoriuli cixe-goJis qvemoT, texurze, xidia gadebulia

(masze gadadis senaki-martvilis saavt. gza). xids samxreTiT, e. i. mdinaris marJv. napirze, esazGvreba sofeli kotianeTi (Zv. senakis Temis sakrebulo), xolo CrdiloeTiT, e.i. mdinaris marcx. napirze _ sofeli Jixa (naqalaqevis Temis sakrebulos centri). xids zemoT mdinare farTod da mdored miedineba. swored aq ewodeba mionCurafu.

ras niSnavs menCurafa?

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cnobilia: qarT. curcurcurcur- (curavs) : megr. Cur Cur Cur Cur- (nCuruns `curavs~). magram es informacia araa sakmarisi toponimuri amocanis amosaxsnelad. aGmoCnda, rom memememenCunCunCunCuruaruaruarua (qarTuli `mi-curva~) erT-erTi tradiciuli (samwuxarod, ukve TiTqmis mi-viwKebuli) xalxuri sawKlosno asparezobaa. igi Seiswavla, aGwera da aGadgina cnobilma jurnalistma, mogzaurma da mxa-reTmcodnem gvanJi maniam (ix. misi werilebi da interviuebi `leloSi~, àsaval-dasavalSi~ da sxv.). gairkva, rom xo-biswKlis, yaniswKlisa da enguris napirebze mdebare soflebSi (muxuri, zumi, yaqvinJi, Jgali, Jvari) gasuli saukunis Sua wlebSic ki imarTeboda individualuri Tu Jgufuri SeJibreba menCuruaSi. saamisod SerCeuli iKo mdinaris Grma da mdore dineba. msaJis niSanze gaGma-gamoGma napirebidan erTdroulad aiGebdnen starts asparezobis monawileni da Sua wKalSi Seer-kinebodnen erTmaneTs. mizani iKo metoqis wKalSi CaZirva Tav-Si, kiserSi an mxrebSi xelis (xelebis) CavlebiT. Cveulebriv, dasaSvebi iKo xuTJer Serkineba wKlidan amousvlelad. gamar-Jvebulad is iTvleboda, vinc metJer CaZiravda mowinaaGmdeges.

sofel kotianeTis mkvidrma, 84 wels miGweulma yiyiko yubabriam gaixsena (1984 wels): àmjamad rom texurze xidia gadebuli, imis zemoT wKlis dineba mdore, farTo da ufro Grma iKo. axalgazrdebi saGamoobiT iq CaviKrebodiT sa-laGobod, saTamaSod, erTmaneTs vecilebodiT gaGma-gamoGma swraf curvaSi, agreTve menCurafaSi da sxv. menCurafa erqva metoqesTan Serkinebas Sua mdinareSi. mizani iKo metoqis wKal-Si CaZirva Tavze an qedze xelis dayeriT. ramdenime falavani gvKavda iseTi, rom masTan yidils gavurbodiT. maTi saxelebi dGesac gvaxsovs~.

rogorc vxedavT, texurispira soflebSi gavrcelebuli memememenCunCunCunCurarararafafafafa igivea, rac xobiswKlis, yaniswKlis, enguris napireb-ze mdebare soflebSi aGwerili memememenCunCunCunCuruaruaruarua: menCuruns `micu-ravs~ (zogadad) � mionCurans `micuravs~ (raime garkveuli obieqtisaken) � mionCurafu `misacuri; adgili, romliskenac

micuraven~ (momavali drois mimGeoba) � mionCurafu (mikro-

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hidronimi): is adgili, sadac imarTeboda menCurafa//menCuruas asparezoba.

2. dududududiS owKvidiS owKvidiS owKvidiS owKvitatatatafufufufu texuris marJv. serze mdebare sofel beTlemis (leZaZames

Temis sakrebulo) mkvidris _ kali berZemiSvilis _ (dabad. 1894 w.) naambobidan: `Kmawvilobis jams (`boSalobas~) texurze CavdiodiT sabanaod da gasagrileblad. marTalia, mionCurafu-sac vewveodiT, magram ufro axlos, gurZemia-texuris SesarTav-sa da abanos Sua, sagangebod gvqonda amorCeuli erTi toba (`Grma wKali~). roca Tavis gamoCena gvindoda, Sig CavKridiT saSualo zomis qvebs da vinc mets amoiGebda, `mangari boSic~ is iKo. am tobas erqva dududududiS owKvidiS owKvidiS owKvidiS owKvitatatatafufufufu. zmnuri fuZe wKvitwKvitwKvitwKvit- (JerJerobiT araa dafiqsirebuli leqsikonebSi) aGniSnavs rai-meSi (siTxe, adamianTa Jgufi) Tavis CaKofas, Cakvras: `baGanaq duGa wKars xe qowKvitu~ (bavSvma mduGare wKalSi xeli Ca-hkra); ùqvinJe wKars dudi qowKvitu do mele gekonCuru~ (uZi-ro wKalSi CaKvinTa da gaGma gacura); `qiana xalxi gerdˆnˆ, eTeqi qowKvitu dudi do iSo qimSadin~ (sadac qveKana xalxi idga, iq Sergo Tavi da Caikarga).

maSasadame: dududududiS wKvidiS wKvidiS wKvidiS wKvitatatatafafafafa `(wKalSi) CaKvinTva~ (sitKva-

sitKviT: `wKalSi Tavis CaKofa, Cakvra~) � dudiS owKvitafu `CasaKvinTi (adgili)~.

3. s s s saaaaororororgiogiogiogio saorgio ewodeba rionis dinebas rion-texuris SesarTav-

Tan. sof. isulis (axalsoflis Temis sakrebulo) mxcovani

mcxovrebi, 1894 wels dabadebuli serapion JamleTis Ze xofe-rias naambobi (1984 wels): `Cveni soflis samxreTi nawili ri-onamde dausaxlebeli iKo. axal droSi iq daarsda texuris me-cxoveleobis sabyoTa meurneoba. texur-rionis SesarTavTan, farTo mindoris (rionis marJv. napirze) gverdiT, wKlis dine-ba 1 km-ze mainc iKo farTo da Grma, magram ara mdore, aramed erTgvarad Cqari. swored aq erqva saorgio. texurze sabanaod vargisi toba aGarcaa. saorgio ki sakmaod Sors iKo, ramdenime

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km-ze. magram mainc iqiT gavwevdiT, raTa Tavi gamogvecada mdi-naris gadacurva-gadmocurvaSi, risTvisac sayiro iKo ororororgigigigiaS aS aS aS

geSgeSgeSgeSququququmamamamalalalala (mxaruli curva. sitKvasitKviT: òrgiis dartKma~). gamarJvebulad is iTvleboda, vinc wKlis dinebas gaumklavde-boda, mxaruliT gacuravda gaGma napirze, iqidanve gamocurav-da da curvis sawKisi adgilidan rac SeiZleba axlos amovido-da~.

orgiaS geSqumala igivea, rac `mxaruliT curva~, magram es ganmarteba ara sakmarisi aGniSnuli sitKvaTSexamebis warmo-mavlobis dasadgenad.

ororororgiagiagiagia Zveli qarTulis leqsikonebsa (il. abulaZisa, z. sarJvelaZisa) da qarTul kilo-TqmaTa sitKvis konaSi (al.

Glonti) ar Cans. qegl-Si ki (t. VI) naTqvamia: òrgia [berZn. orgia saidumlo seroba]: 1. ist. Zvel saberZneTSi _ Gvinisa da mxiarulebis GmerTis _ baxusis _ dGesaswauli. 2. gadat. `Ta-vaSvebuli, wresgadasuli drostareba, qeifi~. a. veismanis mier Sedgenil berZnul-rusul leqsikonSi (С.-Петербург, 1899) orgia

asea ganmartebuli: `таиные обряды, таинства (ос. Деметры и Вакха);

вооб. священнодействие, жертвоприношение~. magram orgia sitKvas megrulSi sxva mniSvnelobac aqvs: orgia _ sigrZis sazomi, mxa-ri; manZili ori gaSlili xelis SuaTiTebis boloebs Soris; curvis saxeoba _ gaSlili mklavebis morigeobiTi mosma (dartKma) wKlis zedapirze; mxaruli curva (Sdr. o. qaJaia).

saqme isaa, rom orgia sitKvis es semantika dakavSirebu-lia berZnul ororororguguguguvavavava (da ara orgia) sitKvasTan, romelic a. veismanis zemoaGniSnul leqsikonSi asea ganmartebuli: `сажень

(пространство между двумя распростертими руками)~. rogorc Cans, aGniSnuli sitKva megrulma uSualod berZnulidan SeiTvisa swored im aswleulebSi, roca kolxeTis SavizGvispireTSi ber-Znuli axalSenebi iKo momravlebuli, xolo Semdeg, romaelTa legionebis batonobis periodSi, qristianoba vrceldeboda...

maSasadame, mikrohidronim saorgiosaTvis amosavalia ber-Znuli orguva, romlis mniSvnelobam `gaSlili xelis TiTebis boloebs Soris manZili~ megrulSi miiGo semantikuri datvir-

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Tva `curva gaSlili mklavebis wKalze monacvleobiTi mosmiT~ (e.i. mxaruli curva).

daskvna: mikrohidronimebi mionCurafu da dudiS owKvi-tafu enobriv-semantikuri aspeqtiT zmnuri warmonaqmnebia (mo-mavali drois mimGeobebia), xolo saorgio _ saxeluri deriva-ti (daniSnulebis gamomxatveli). da rac mTavaria: samive am mikrohidronims garkveuli eqstralingvisturi datvirTva aqvs: mogviTxrobs kolxTa garToba-dasvenebisa da sportiT gatace-bis erT aspeqtze _ sawKlosno asparezobaze.

rorororo eeee n a y k an a y k an a y k an a y k a du adu adu adu a aaaa- pre pre pre prefiqfiqfiqfiqsis adsis adsis adsis adgigigigililililisa da funsa da funsa da funsa da funqciqciqciqciiiiisasasasaTvisTvisTvisTvis svasvasvasvanunununuri enis zmnur forri enis zmnur forri enis zmnur forri enis zmnur formebmebmebmebSiSiSiSi

zmnur xmovanprefiqsTa Sesaxeb sakmaod didi samecniero literatura arsebobs. anton kaTalikosidan dGemde enaTmecni-erebi gamoKofdnen da sxvadasxvagvar kvalifikacias aZlevdnen aaaa-, i i i i-, u u u u-, e e e e- formantebs.

gansakuTrebiT TvalSisacemia aaaa- prefiqsis nairgvari gra-matikuli mniSvneloba. igi sxvadasxva morfologiur modeleb-Si fiqsirdeba da amitomac, rogorc arn. Ciqobavac aGniSnavs, prefiqsebidan Kvelaze bundovani swored aaaa-s funqcia Cans.

sxvadasxva avtorTa mier aaaa- prefiqsi miCneulia gardamav-lobis, moqmedebiTi gvaris, neitraluri versiis, sazedao si-tuaciis, kauzatiurobis, iribi obieqtisadmi mimarTebis, gardamaval zmnebSi uaxloesi obieqtis aGmniSvnel formantad.

svanur enaSi aaaa- prefiqsi gvxvdeba rogorc gardamaval, ise gardauval zmnebSi. kerZod:

1. orpiriani, moqmedebiTi (resp. gardamavali) neitralu-ri versiis formebSi (garda fuZedrekadebisa). martivfuZianeb-

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Si, magaliTad, bz. aaaa-k’f-i, lSx. aaaa-k‰f-e lnt. aaaa-kaf-e `{wa}aq-cevs~; bz., lSx. aaaa-t‰b-e, bq., lnt. aaaa-tab-e `Tlis~; zs., lSx. aaaa-qC-e, lnt. aaaa-qaC-e `yris. sxvadasxva saxisa da daniSnulebis sufiq-sebiT garTulebul zmnebSi. mag. zs., lSx. aaaa-qˆnTr-in-e, lnt. aaaa-qˆrT-in-e àcxelebs~; bz., lSx. aaaa-K…C-�r-e, bq., lnt. aaaa-K…C-ur-e àmtvrevs~.

2. orpiriani moqmedebiTi gvaris fuZedrekad zmnaTagan nawarmoeb sampirian formebSi, mag. tKictKictKictKic-eeee º tKˆctKˆctKˆctKˆc-eeee `gleJs~ bz., lSx. x-aaaa-tKc-e, bq., lnt. x-��-tKc-e àgleJs, axleCs~. tix-eº tˆx-e àbrunebs~. zs., lnt. x-��-tx-e, lSx. x-aaaa-tx-e ùbrunebs, uxdis~.

3. kauzativebSi: zs. x-aaaa-k…r-un-e, lSx. x-aaaa-k…r-an-n-e, lnt. x-aaaa-k…ar-n-e àgdebinebs~; zs., lnt. x-��-ƒd-un-e, lSx. x-aaaa-ƒd-un-e `moataninebs, moaKvaninebs~.

4. gardauval rogorc absolutur, ise relatiur zmneb-Si: zs., lSx. x-aaaa-lfar-a, lnt. x-aaaa-lafar-a àfaria~; zs. x-aaaa-pij, qs. x-aaaa-pij… damalulia~, zs., lnt. x-aaaa-l�t, lSx. x-aaaa-lat ùKvars~; bz., lSx. x-aaaa-fs…n-a, bq. x-aaaa-fs…d-a, lnt. x-aaaa-fst…-a `dauflebulia, dapatronebulia~.

sainteresod gveCveneba svanur dialeqtur masalaSi arse-buli paraleluri (uprefiqso da prefiqsiani) formebi. ker-Zod, bz., S�nSx…-e º aaaa-S�nSx…-e, bq., lnt. SunSx…-e º aaaa-SunSx…-e `qsutunebs~.

bq. goT-e º aaaa-goT-e `gauTaveblad laparakobs~; bz. p-‰-lt-e º aaaa-p‰lt-e, `bardnis~; bz., lSx. wŠq…-e º aaaa-weq…-e º a-wq-un-e `wveTavs~ da sxv.

amrigad, svanuri enis zmnur formebSi aaaa- prefiqsi gvxvde-ba rogorc gardamaval, moqmedebiTi gvaris orpirian da sampi-rian zmnebSi, aseve gardauval absolutur da relatiur for-mebSic; dialeqtur masalaSi kargad Cans zmnuri modelebis CamoKalibebis procesi.

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n in in in i n en en en e l i y ol i y ol i y ol i y o x ox ox ox o n en en en e l il il il i Z eZ eZ eZ e mimimimimarmarmarmarTvis forTvis forTvis forTvis formemememebi rbi rbi rbi r. ina ina ina inaniSniSniSniSvivivivilis enalis enalis enalis enaSiSiSiSi

r. inaniSvilis mxatvrul enaSi personajTa metKvelebis

gadmocemis erT-erTi saintereso xerxia -- `mimarTva~. mwerali mimarTvis formebis saSualebiT misTvis damaxasiaTebeli enob-rivi lakoniurobiTa da azris sicxadiT axerxebs dagvixatos personajTa urTierTdamokidebuleba, maTi garegnuli mxare Tu Sinagani samKaro, gadmogvces adgilobrivi koloritis specifi-ka. mwerlis enaSi, garekaxurisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli iseTi mi-marTvis formebis garda, rogoricaa, sasasasaxlixlixlixlikakakakacocococo, ka ka ka kacocococo, de de de dedadadadakakakaka----

cocococo, qa qa qa qalolololo, go go go gogogogogo, bi bi bi biyoyoyoyo, bibibibiJoJoJoJo, Svi Svi Svi Svilolololo, ge ge ge genananana, qa qa qa qa..., dasturdeba litotesebic e. w. damamcirebeli epiTetebi, iSviaTad hiperbo-lebic. karg damokidebulebas ki gamoxataven sitKvebiT: lalalalamamamama----

zozozozo, Ce Ce Ce Cemo oqmo oqmo oqmo oqrorororo, ykvi ykvi ykvi ykviaaaanononono, da da da daxaxaxaxatutututulolololo, Ji Ji Ji Jigagagagarorororo... mimarTva SeiZleba iKos 1. erTsitKviani, martivi fuZiT

an kompozitis saxiT warmodgenili: ai, fufufufututututurovrovrovrov, neta rami Sno mainca gqondes (barisaken mofrinavs Jafara, Tb., 1974); -- kargad usune, bzibzibzibzikokokoko-bzikica xar da maimunic (mTvaris asuli, Tb., 1987); Tqvenc CaqriT, aha, SaSaSaSaraxraxraxraxvevevevetitititieeeebobobobo (Sori TeTri mwvervali, Tb., 1976).

2. or an met sitKviani SesitKveba: hai, mucmucmucmuclislislislis momomomonenenenebooboobooboo!—tkbilad Tqva gogiam (alersi SiSianobis dros, Tb; 1986); wa-di, Se uzuzuzuzmos mamos mamos mamos matatatataoooococococo, Sen (mTvaris asuli, Tb., 1987); xma Ca-iwKvite, ZaGlis lekZaGlis lekZaGlis lekZaGlis lekvovovovo, ras ratrateb! (megobrisadmi minaweri werilebidan, Tb., 1958).

mimarTvis emociurobis gaZlierebisaTvis, `mimarTvis sagnis romelime Tvisebaze KuradGebis gasamaxvileblad~ (a. kiziria) winadadebaSi xSirad ramdenime mimarTvis forma iKris Tavs er-Tad: gzis magzis magzis magzis maiiiimumumumunenenenebobobobo, sof sof sof soflislislislis masmasmasmasxaxaxaxarerererebobobobo-meTqi (alersi SiSiano-bis dros, Tb., 1986); amiT gagixeTqav Tavsa, Se damblav, Se kol-meurneobis CrCilo! (Sori, TeTri mwvervali, Tb., 1976); devo! uZirov! gardanqeSano! (Citebis gamomzamTrebeli, Tb., 1979).

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gvxvdeba mimarTvis gameorebis SemTxvevebic: boGmavboGmavboGmavboGmav! biGmavbiGmavbiGmavbiGmav! raGac Taviseburi alersiT eubneba bejanas (barisken mofrinavs Jafara, Tb; 1974); ai, finfinfinfinToToToTo, fin fin fin finToToToTo, da da da damxamxamxamxasisisisiaaaaTeTeTeTebebebebe----

lolololo! (alersi SiSianobis dros, Tb.,1986). mimarTvas SeiZleba axldes Sesabamisi nacvalsaxelic,

romelic, rogorc TviTon mimarTva winadadebis agebulebisa da Sinaarsis mixedviT SeiZleba sxvadasxva adgilze aGmoCndes. Sena, Se KruSe KruSe KruSe KruCeCeCeCeCavCavCavCav, Sena, wiwmatobda bebia efemia (megobrisadmi minaweri werilebidan, Tb.,1958); SenSenSenSen samoc vedro Gvinos amoiGeb, KiKvi KiKvi KiKvi KiKviaaaanononono (patara biyi golgoTaze, Tb., 1989); dadadadakrekrekrekre----

yiyiyiyilolololo, Sen ki Kvelaze meti geqneba gamomuSavebuli ai! (wveTebi foTlebze, Tb., 1962).

mimarTvis formebad gamoKenebuli sitKvaTa umetesoba qeglSi dasturdeba. gvxvdeba sakuTriv dialeqturi warmoSo-bis mimarTvis formebic. mag. ZaZaZaZalaTlaTlaTlaTknekneknekneiiiinananana, ukuGma da ukuGma da ukuGma da ukuGma dayeyeyeyedidididilolololo, qaqaqaqarixrixrixrixvevevevetiatiatiatia, Txis Txis Txis TxisTaTaTaTavovovovo, qa qa qa qalalalalaqeqeqeqeli kinli kinli kinli kintuatuatuatua, Klu Klu Klu Klunwenwenwenwe, aCaaCaaCaaCakukukukunenenene, dadadada----

fTxvifTxvifTxvifTxvinenenene da sxv. abrZandi, ZaZaZaZalaTlaTlaTlaTknekneknekneiiiinavnavnavnav? (mTvaris asuli, Tb., 1987); eg svelebi mainc gaixade, ukuGma daukuGma daukuGma daukuGma dayeyeyeyedidididilolololo (Sori TeT-ri mwvervali, Tb., 1976); nela, e, da da da dafTxvifTxvifTxvifTxvinenenene, boZs ar wamosdo (mTvaris asuli, Tb., 1987).

n in in in i n o x a rn o x a rn o x a rn o x a r C iC iC iC i l al al al a v av av av a qaqaqaqalis qolis qolis qolis qonenenenebis aGmnbis aGmnbis aGmnbis aGmniSiSiSiSvnevnevnevneli erli erli erli erTi terTi terTi terTi termimimiminisnisnisnis SeSeSeSesasasasaxeb saxeb saxeb saxeb samurmurmurmurzaKanozaKanozaKanozaKanoSiSiSiSi

saqarTveloSi damowmebulia qalis qonebis aGmniSvneli

ramdenime termini. Kvelaze gavrcelebuli iKo mziTmziTmziTmziTvivivivi da sasasasa----TavTavTavTavnononono. TiToeuli maTgani sxvadasxva kuTxeSi sxvadasxva mniSvne-lobiT ixmareboda. n. CubinaSvilis ganmartebiT, mziTmziTmziTmziTvivivivi aris ,,gasaTxovari qalisaTvis micemuli qoneba samSoblos saxlidan~

(CubinaSvili, 1946:103). k. kekeliZis azriT, VIII da IX saukune-

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ebSi mSoblebi umzadebdnen qals mziTvs: mziTvis cnebaSi Kovelgvari qoneba Sedioda, TviT mamulic ki (kekeliZe, 1941:14). saTavnosa da mziTvis sakiTxis Seswavlas sagangebo adgili dauTmo r. xaraZem, romelmac pirveli maTgani mziTvis institutis adreul formad miiCnia (xaraZe, 1961:54). igi warmoadgenda qmris oJaxSi qalis pirad naSroms. saTavno ar ekuTvnoda qmarsa da mis oJaxs.

mziTvi gulisxmobda iseT qonebas, romelic marto qalis-Tvis ki ar iKo gankuTvnili, aramed, umTavresad, qmrisa da oJaxisaTvis. mziTvis amgvari forma Tavisi warmoSobiT gviande-

lia da ufro Seesabameba individualur oJaxs (Харадзе, 1962:28). val. iToniSvilis azriT, mziTevi piradi moxmarebis sagania, xolo pirutKvi warmoadgenda saTavnos (iToniSvili, 1960:232), romelsac dovlaTis matebis SesaZlebloba hqonda. amitom misi gaKidvisa an saoJaxo sakuTrebaSi SerwKmis Sedegad qali male kargavda namatze sakuTrebis uflebas (iToniSvili, 1960:120).

samurzaKanoSi qalis qonebis aGmniSvneli termini iKo oooo-yKudyKudyKudyKud-urururur-iiii//yKudyKudyKudyKud-aaaa (,,mziTvi~). T. saxokia miuTiTebda, rom mziTvs megrulad oyKuduoyKuduoyKuduoyKuduriririri ewodeboda, rac ,,amowKvetas~ niS-navso (saxokia, 1956:89), k. samuSias mixedviT, es sitKva gulis-xmobs ,,mowKvetas mamis oJaxidan~. o. qaJaias ganmartebiT, oyKuduoyKuduoyKuduoyKuduriririri sapatarZlos mziTvia (qaJaia, 2002:466), romelic

gigigiginononono-yKvidyKvidyKvidyKvid-uuuu-aaaa’’’’dan (,,gadawKveta~) aris nawarmoebi. rac Seexeba

momomomo-yKvyKvyKvyKvidididid-uuuu-aaaa’’’’s, is ,,mowKvetaa~. samurzaKanoSic patarZlis aGmniSvneli termini aris mo mo mo mo-yKudyKudyKudyKud-uuuu da niSnavs ,,mamis oJaxidan mowKvetils~. albaT aqedan warmodga termini oyKuduoyKuduoyKuduoyKuduriririri, rac ,,mowKvetilis gasamziTv nivTs~ aGniSnavda, romelsac qaliS-vils mamiseuli oJaxi aZlevda.

mziTvis momzadeba qalis ded-mamis movaleobas warmoad-genda. Tu gasaTxovar qals mSoblebi ar hKavda, misi gamziTveba Zmebs an biZebs evalebodaT, e.i. mamis sagvareulos. amas adas-tureben werilobiTi wKaroebic (zsiem, dok. 7452; Аверкиев,

1869:338; Дубровин, 1871:43). Tu oJaxSi ramdenime qaliSvili

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izrdeboda, maSin mSoblebi Jer ufross umzadebdnen mziTvs, Semdeg ki _ momdevnoebs.

mziTvSi Sedioda: qalis tansacmeli, sabani, leibi, bali-Si, saTanado TeTreuli, xis sawoli, karada, sasadilo magida, skamebi, kidobani, sarke, spilenZis qvabebi, maT Soris araKis gamosaxdelic, Suacecxlze Camosakidebeli Jayvi (lanlanlanlanyayayaya), rac mniSvnelovani atributi iKo. Tu patarZalma kerva icoda, gaa-tandnen sakerav manqanas, zog SemTxvevaSi fulsac ki.

SeZlebuli oJaxi, garda zemoT CamoTvlilisa, siZes una-girian cxensac aCuqebda, rac pirvel rigSi momavali sasiZos oJaxis ekonomikur moTxovnilebas akmaKofilebda. aseTi situa-cia bevrad gansxvavdeboda glexis mziTvisagan.

mziTvs Caabarebdnen maKrebs, maTve gadascemdnen sias, ro-melSic aGnusxuli iKo masSi Semavali Kvela nivTi, raodenoba da Girebuleba. mas xels awerdnen maKrebi da mdamdamdamdadededede//dadadadadededede. zo-gadad mziTvis micema formdeboda xelSekrulebiT (Хрестоматия

по истории древного востока, 1950:210). mziTvis micema wesi iKo Kvela wodebisa da mdgomareobis

qalisaTvis. amitomacaa, rom mefisa da erisTavebis asulebis specialuri wignebis gverdiT gvxvdeba dabali socialuri wri-dan gamosuli qalebis mziTvis wignebic (Акти, 1885:262). mSob-lebi KovelTvis cdilobdnen, rac SeiZleba kargi mziTviT gaes-tumrebinaT Svili, rom misTvis qmris oJaxSi cxovrebis Sesaba-misi pirobebi SeeqmnaT.

iKo SemTxvevebi, rom qalis gamziTveba Zirs scemda oJaxis ekonomikas _ albaT swored am moments gulisxmobda T. saxo-kia, rodesac oyKuduroyKuduroyKuduroyKudurssssa da ,,amowKvetas~ erTmaneTTan aigiveb-da. mziTvi oJaxSi patarZlis miKvanamde mihqondaT, qorwilamde. misi gadatana xdeboda urmiT, miudgomel adgilebSi ki _ cxe-niT an xeliT.

garda saoJaxo nivTebisa, tansacmlisa da samkaulebisa, batoniSvils mziTvSi xSirad momomomoJaJaJaJalalalalabebebebesac sac sac sac gaatandnen.

gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi mziTvis Semadgenel nawils miwac warmoadgenda, rac ar iKo saKovelTao movlena; igi mxolod

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SeZlebuli oJaxebisTvis iKo niSandoblivi. rogorc aGvniSneT, mziTvis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda sa-

qonelic, romlis namati da rZis produqtebi rZals SeeZlo gaeKida da Tavisi qmar-Svilis finansuri moTxovnilebebi daek-maKofilebina. gaKris SemTxvevaSi Tavni mis sakuTrebas warmo-adgenda, namatze ki pretenziebi ar hqonda. samurzaKanoSi sa-Tavnos _ saqonels qals zogJer bavSvis dabadebis Semdeg miuKvandnen. am SemTxvevaSi Zroxa mewveli unda KofiliKo. Tu axlad daqorwinebul oJaxs calke unda ecxovra, garda saqon-lisa, qalis mxare mas wvrilfexa saqonels da frinvelsac aZ-levda. ra Tqma unda, vajis mSoblebic imaves akeTebdnen.

mziTvis erT-erTi savaldebulo elementi iKo keriis

Jayvi-lanlanlanlanyayayaya: xalxuri rwmeniT, keria saoJaxo Kofis ZiriTad ad-

gils warmoadgenda. misi patronoba qals evaleboda. Jayvi ze-

ciuri da adamianuri samKaros damakavSirebel saSualebad miiC-

neoda (kiknaZe, 1996:10). oJaxis wevrad sapatarZlos inkorpora-

ciis dros keriasTan sruldeboda zogierTi sawesCveulebo ri-

tuali. sagulisxmoa, rom Jayvi dasaxelebulia, agreTve, svaneT-

Si eklesiisTvis sulis mosaxsenebel SesawiravTa nusxaSi (si-

logava, 1986:269). samziTvo kompleqsSi iseTi elementis moqce-

va, rogoric iKo keriis Jayvi, miuTiTebs mziTvis sakralur bu-

nebaze.

mziTvis mirTmeva qorwilis dGes xdeboda. vajis oJaxSi

mziTvs patarZali gaxsnida, romelsac qmris oJaxis wevrebis-

Tvis gankuTvnili saCuqaric mihqonda. zogJer qals qorwilis

mere gaatandnen mziTvs. qalis mxare mziTvis momzadebis Sesaxeb

atKobinebda vajis oJaxs da mas axloblebis xeliT ugzavnida.

es axloblebi iKvnen: da-Zma, biZa, mamida, deida, bicola da a.

S., magram araviTar SemTxvevaSi mama da deda. siZis oJaxs mzi-

Tvis mimtanebi aucileblad unda daesaCuqrebina. rodesac

mziTvi mcire iKo, qalis oJaxi winaswar ar atKobinebda vajis

mxares da igi Tavad mihqonda. am dros mziTvs ori-sami kaci

gahKveboda, romlebsac siZis oJaxi asaCuqrebda (kacebs _ peran-

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giT, xolo qalebs _ oqros samkauliT) Tavisi ekonomikuri Se-

saZleblobis Sesabamisad.

ganqorwinebis SemTxvevaSi, cols mziTvi Tan mihqonda,

romelic qalis xeluxlebeli qoneba iKo. misi Tanxmobis gareSe

aravis SeeZlo am qonebis gamoKeneba. mziTvis saxeobas, ZiriTa-

dad, oJaxis ekonomikuri SesaZlebloba ganapirobebda. eTnogra-

fiuli masalebisa da werilobiTi wKaroebis Seswavlis Sede-

gad irkveva, rom qalis mziTvis Sedgeniloba qveKnis kultu-

rul-ekonomikuri donis ganviTarebasTan erTad ganicdida

cvlilebebs.

c ic ic ic i r a J a n J G a v ar a J a n J G a v ar a J a n J G a v ar a J a n J G a v a pirpirpirpirveveveveli pili pili pili piris suris suris suris subibibibieqeqeqeqtis ortis ortis ortis ormamamamagigigigi aGniSaGniSaGniSaGniSvna mevna mevna mevna megrulgrulgrulgrulSiSiSiSi

samecniero literaturaSi dadgenilia megrul-lazuri enis pirveli subieqturi piris v v v v niSnis funqcionirebis piro-bebi da is poziciebi, romlebSic misi poziciuri variantebi _ b f p mb f p mb f p mb f p m gvxvdeba (n. mari, i. KifSiZe, arn. Ciqobava, t. gudava, T. gamKreliZe...). megruli dialeqtis senakur kilokavSi Tan-xmovanTa win, mosalodneli b f p m b f p m b f p m b f p m variantebis nacvlad, vvvv-s gamovlena qarTuli saliteraturo enis gavlenas miewereba (arn. Ciqobava).

unda aGiniSnos, rom Kvela im poziciaSi, romlebSic pir-veli piris niSnad f pf pf pf p an mmmm gvevlineba, bbbb-c SeiZleba gvqondes, magram _ ara piriqiT: ffff pppp da mmmm ar gvxvdeba Cqamieri mjGerebis win (isini mxolod maTTvis Sesafer poziciaSi gvaqvs _ homo-genurobis wesis dacviT).

cnobilia, rom, Tu zmnas megrulSi vnebiTi gvarisa da qcevis iiii- prefiqsi daerTvis, piris niSanma SeiZleba mis momdev-

107

no poziciaSi gadainacvlos (da momdevno Tanxmovnis Sesabami-sad gardaiqmnas (mag., vvvvigarq º ibbbbgarq `vTxri~, vvvviTxorunq º iffff----

Txorunq `vTxri~, vvvvitaxunq º ipppptaxunq `vitex~). KuradGebas iqcevs is SemTxvevebi, rodesac piris niSnis

gadasmis SemTxvevaSi zmnas iiii- prefiqsis win kvlav daerTvis pirveli piris formanti da viGebT pirveli piris ormag ni-Sans: iiii-s win _ vvvv-s da mis momdevnod _ pppp-s:

vvvvi‡iq º ipppp‡iq º vvvvipppp‡iq → º vvvvippppiq `viqnebi~,

vvvvi‡idi º ipppp‡idi º vvvvipppp‡idi → º vvvvippppidi `viKide~,

vvvvi‡vilˆnq º ipppp‡vilˆnq º vvvvipppp‡ilˆnq → º vvvvippppilˆnq `Tavs vik-lav~,

vvvvi‡denq º ipppp‡idenq º vvvvipppp‡idenq → º vvvvippppidenq `viKidi~,

vvvvi‡oTanq º ipppp‡oTanq º vvvvipppp‡oTanq → º vvvvippppoTanq `Cem Tavs vesvri~ da sxv.

ormagi afiqsacia SeiZleba gvqondes maSinac, rodesac ba-gismieri TanxmovniT dawKebul zmnur fuZeebSi pirveli piris niSani fuZis SigniT gadaismis (infiqsad iqceva) da momdevno Tanxmovans mjGeroba-siKruis mixedviT SeewKoba; gveqneba para-leluri formebi:

vvvvbarˆnq º babbbbrˆnq º vvvvbabbbbrˆq `vbarav; vberav~, vvvvmanˆnq º mammmmnˆnq º vvvvmammmmnˆnq `vtrusa~, vvvvfiqrenq º fiffffqrenq º vvvvfiffffqrenq `vficulob~, vvvvputorˆnq º pupppptorˆq º vvvvpupppptorˆnq `vgleJ; vputav~ da sxv.

pirveli piris subieqtis ormagi aGniSvna, rasakvirvelia, axali movlenaa da imis mimaniSnebelia, rom gadasmuli niSnis fun-qcia erTgvarad daCrdilula da amitom xdeba piris prefiqsi-saTvis bunebriv adgils (xmnis Tavkidur poziciaSi) vvvv-s xeldaxel darTva.

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n in in in i n o J o rn o J o rn o J o rn o J o r b eb eb eb e n an an an a Z eZ eZ eZ e `jurjurjurjurnanananalislislislistis ortis ortis ortis orTogTogTogTograrararafifififiulululul-stistististilislislislistitititikukukukuriririri

leqleqleqleqsisisisikokokokonininini~

bolo periodSi saqarTveloSi mimdinare politikur-so-cialurma procesebma da amis Sedegad axali, ucxouri leqsi-kis Semosvla-damkvidrebam; Tanamedrove, axali terminologiis Seqmnis aucileblobam mwvaved dasva marTlwerisa da mar-TlmetKvelebis mogvarebis sakiTxebi. swored amitom enaTmecni-erebis institutis qarTuli metKvelebis kulturis ganKofi-lebam sayirod miiCnia `jurjurjurjurnanananalislislislistis ortis ortis ortis orTogTogTogTograrararafifififiulululul-stistististilislislislis----titititikukukukuri leqri leqri leqri leqsisisisikokokokonisnisnisnis~ Seqmna, sadac òrorororTogTogTogTograrararafifififiul lequl lequl lequl leqsisisisikonkonkonkon----SiSiSiSi~ ukve dafiqsirebul Kvelaze xSirad xmarebul sitKvebTan erTad Setanil iqna axlad Semosuli leqsikac.

garda amisa, `jurjurjurjurnanananalislislislistis ortis ortis ortis orTogTogTogTograrararafifififiulululul-stistististilislislislistitititikukukuku----ri leqri leqri leqri leqsisisisikokokokonininini~ mTel rig siaxleebs gvTavazobs (romelTagan zogierTi nawilobriv asaxulia 2002 wels gamocemul `jurjurjurjurnananana----lislislislistis stitis stitis stitis stilislislislistitititikur cnokur cnokur cnokur cnobarbarbarbarSiSiSiSi~). mag.:

1. garda orTografiul-morfologiurisa, leqsikonSi asaxu-lia sintaqsur-stilistikuri xasiaTis Secdomebic; mag.: ganganganganlaglaglaglagdedededebabababa - zepir metKvelebaSi xSirad ismis... am po-ziciaze ganganganganlaglaglaglagdedededebabababa sxva fexburTeli... unda iKos: ... dadadadaiiiikakakakavebs advebs advebs advebs adgilsgilsgilsgils...

2. ucxour, gansakuTrebiT, axlad Semosul sitKvebTan, romelTa Sinaarsic bundovania da romelTa gamoKenebac xSirad konteqsturad arasworad xdeba, mocemulia gan-martebebic. leqsikons ara aqvs pretenzia, ganmartebiTi xasiaTisa iKos - aGniSnuli siaxle xels SeuwKobs sitKvis marTebul konteqstSi gamoKenebas (ganmarteba miwerilia maSinac, rodesac sitKvis mxolod erT-erTi mniSvnelobaa ucnobi); mag.: prepreprepreisisisiskukukukuranranranrantitititi: gasaKidi saqonlis fasebis cnobari

3. sayiroebis SemTxvevaSi saleqsikono erTeulTan mocemu-lia mokle komentaric; mag.: JdeJdeJdeJdebabababa (is), magram: sxdesxdesxdesxdebibibibianananan (isini): subieqtis ricxvis mixedviT fuZemonacvle zmnebia

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4. leqsikonis mniSvnelovani nawili uyiravs paronimebs Se-sabamisi ganmartebebiTa da konteqstebis gaTvaliswine-biT; mag.: sasasasacocococolelelele (vinc colad unda iTxovon) - sasasasacocococololololo (visac colis SerTva Sehferis)

siaxleebia teqnikuri mxrivac. ukve arsebul da farTod aprobirebul niSnebTan erTad ([[[[...ki araki araki araki ara]]]], [[[[da arada arada arada ara...]]]] da a. S.) gamoKenebulia Semdegi pirobiTi niSnebic:

1. naTesaobiTi brunvis forma mocemulia i i i i (aseve, aaaa) dabo-loebiT, romelic kavebSia Casmuli. aman saSualeba mo-gvca, Tavidan agveridebina brunvis saxelwodebis miTiTe-bis aucilebloba da sitKvis naTesaobiTi brunvis orive SesaZlo variantic (savrcobiT Tu mis gareSe) naCvenebia;

2. iiii-ze daboloebuli saxelebis bolokiduri xmovani gaxa-zulia, rac mis fuZiseulobaze migviTiTebs. amavdrou-lad, igulisxmeba (da aris kidec miwerili frCxileb-Si), rom es iiii brunvisas ar unda SevkvecoT;

3. leqsikoni rom ar gadatvirTuliKo, komentari mocemulia Kvelaze gavrcelebul (an anbanis mixedviT pirvel adgi-las mKof) sitKvasTan. danarCen formebTan miTiTebulia erTeuli, romelTanac komentaria damatebuli; mag.: mramramramravavavavali sali sali sali saqmeqmeqmeqme, we we we weririririlililili... [da ara mravali saqmeebi, we-rilebi...]; ix. bevbevbevbevriririri

4. im formebTan, romelTa paronimebad miCnevac gayirda, magram romelTa arevis albaTobac arsebobs, gamoKenebu-lia pirobiTi niSani SdrSdrSdrSdr.: mag.: sasasasaltelteltelte...: liTonis rkali... SdrSdrSdrSdr.: sasasasaltoltoltolto: 1. akrobatu-li naxtomi... 2. ... saxifaTo nabiJi

Kovelive zemoCamoTvlili leqsikonis moxmarebis gaadvilebisa da srulKofisaken iKo mimarTuli. imedia, `jurjurjurjurnanananalislislislistis ortis ortis ortis or----TogTogTogTograrararafifififiulululul-stistististilislislislistitititikukukukuri leqri leqri leqri leqsisisisikokokokonininini~ daxmarebas gauwevs ro-gorc jurnalistebs, aseve, enis siwmindiT dainteresebul Kve-la sxva pirs. ivaraudeba wignis meore nawilis gamocemac.

Documents

Tez-2009.-XX Chikob. Sakitx. sakitkhavebi/XX.pdf · 4. n. yoxoneliZe, mimarTvis formebi r. inaniSvilis enaSi 5. r. ykadua, aaaa- prefiqsis adgilisa da funqciisaTvis svanuri enis zmnur