TAKS ReviewTAKS ReviewTAKS ReviewTAKS ReviewObjective 3Objective 3

The student will demonstrate an The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structures and understanding of the structures and

properties of matter.properties of matter.

Physical or ChemicalProperty or Change

• Red rock• Paper can burn• Sharpen a pencil• Rusting• Na can react with H20• Copper tarnishing• Candle melting• Candle burning

• Boiling point of H2O• Dissolving C6H12O6 in

H2O• Substance can react

with another substance

• Substance forms new substances

• Substance’s form is altered~ KEY ~

PP = physical property CP = chemical property

PC = physical change CC = chemical change

~ KEY ~

PP = physical property CP = chemical property

PC = physical change CC = chemical change

PPPP

CPCP

CCCC

PCPC

PCPC

PPPP

CCCC

CCCCPCPC

CPCPCCCC

CPCPPCPC

Do you know?• Element is

• Compound is

• Mixture is

a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler

substances.

a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler

substances.

two or more elements combined to form a new substance whose

characteristics are different than the original elements.

two or more elements combined to form a new substance whose

characteristics are different than the original elements.

two or more substances that are not chemically combined

and can be separated.

two or more substances that are not chemically combined

and can be separated.

Common Elements & Compounds…

• He• N• C• Ca• Cl• Si

• H2O

• CO2

• NaCl

• C6H12O6

• CO• HCl

HeliumHelium

NitrogenNitrogenCarbonCarbon

CalciumCalciumChlorineChlorine

SiliconSilicon

WaterWater

Carbon DioxideCarbon DioxideSodium Chloride (salt)Sodium Chloride (salt)SugarSugar

Carbon MonoxideCarbon MonoxideHydrochloric AcidHydrochloric Acid

electron

neutron

proton

The AtomCharges…

• Electrons are

negatively charged

• protons are

positively charged

• Neutrons have no charge

Periodic Table NitrogenFamily

Period 6

What is a row called?

What is a column called?

What do all members of a family have in

common?

What do all members of the Helium family

have in common?

*** Same # of outer e-; same reactivity ****** Same # of outer e-; same reactivity ****** Noble gases; non-reactive ****** Noble gases; non-reactive ***

Chemical Reactions & Equations

Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Chloride + Water

HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O

Is this equation balanced?

H = 2

Cl = 1

Na = 1

O = 1

H = 2

Cl = 1

Na = 1

O = 1

YES, it is balanced.YES, it is balanced.

Exothermic or Endothermic?

H2SO4 + C6H12O6 C + CO2 + SO2 + heat

NH4Cl + BaOH·(8H2O) + heat NaOH + H2O + NH4

Exothermic

Endothermic

Exothermic

Endothermic

Exothermic means to give off heat during the

reaction

Exothermic means to give off heat during the

reaction

Endothermic means to take in heat to run the

reaction

Endothermic means to take in heat to run the

reaction

Specific Heat• Also know as heat capacity• The amount of heat needed to raise the

temperature of 1 g of a substance 1°C• Substances with low specific heat will heat

very quickly• Substance with high specific heat values

require larger amounts of heat to cause its temperature to raise the same amount

Which material will heat the

fastest?

Which material will stay hot the

longest?

Which material loses heat faster,

liquid water or solid water?

Specific Heat

We have land and sea breezes…We have land and sea breezes……due to the differences in specific heat of the land and of the water. Water has a much higher specific heat which means it takes more energy to heat the water than the land. Since the land heats faster during the day, the breeze blows in from the sea and vice versa.

…due to the differences in specific heat of the land and of the water. Water has a much higher specific heat which means it takes more energy to heat the water than the land. Since the land heats faster during the day, the breeze blows in from the sea and vice versa.

Question• In the diagram, which cools off

more quickly?A. the landB. the waterC. neitherD. not given

Question

• When a drain cleaner is added to a clogged sink, the drainpipe becomes warm to the touch. What type of chemical reaction is occurring to cause the pipe to become warm?Since heat is being given off

as evidenced by the warming of the pipe, this chemical reaction must be exothermic.

Since heat is being given off as evidenced by the warming of the pipe, this chemical reaction must be exothermic.

Reminders…

• We balance equations because of the law of Conservation of Mass

• Know common element symbols including C, N, O, H, He, Na, Cl, Al, Si, & S

• Specific heat affects the world around us including weather

• Know that the atom is the smallest particle of a substance

»Any questions???