TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI MÔN HÓA RẤT HAY

8/6/2019 TI LIU N THI MN HA RT HAY

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CHNG I. ESTE - LIPIT

A- MT S VN L THUYT CN NM VNG

1. Khi nim v dn xut ca axit cacboxylic- Dn xut ca axit cacboxylic l nhng sn phm to ra khi thay th nhm

hiroxyl -OH trong nhm cacboxyl -COOH bng nguyn t hay nhm nguyn tkhc: -COOH -COZ (vi Z: OR', NH2, OCOR, halogen, )

- Este l dn xut ca axit cacboxylic. Khi thay th nhm OH nhmcacboxyl ca axit cacboxylic bng nhm OR' th c este.

- Halogenua axit (quan trng nht l clorua axit RCOCl). to ra halogenuaaxit c th dng cc tc nhn nh PCl5 (photpho pentaclorua), PCl3 (photpho

triclorua), COCl2 (photgen), SOCl2 (thionyl clorua), RCOOH + PCl5RCOCl + POCl3 + HCl3RCOOH + PCl33RCOCl + H3PO3RCOOH + SOCl2RCOCl + SO2 + HClRCOOH + COCl2RCOCl + CO2 + HCl

- Anhirit axit, c 2 loi: i xng (dng (RCO)2O hoc (ArCO)2O; gi tnbng cch thay t axit bng anhirit (CH3CO)2O l anhirit axetic), v khng cni (sinh ra t hai axit monocacboxylic khc nhau nh CH3CO-O-OCC6H5; gi

tn bng t anhirit cng vi tn ca hai axit - anhirit axetic benzoic). to thnh anhirit axit c th s dng nhiu phng php khc nhau nhdng tc nhn ht nc P2O5 hay tc dng ca nhit,

2. Cng thc tng qut ca este

a/ Trng hp n gin: l este khng cha nhm chc no khc, ta c cc cngthc nh sau :

- To bi axit cacboxylic n chc RCOOH v ancol n chc R'OH: RCOOR'.- To bi axit cacboxylic a chc R(COOH)a v ancol n chc R'OH: R(COOR')a.

- To bi axit cacboxylic n chc RCOOH v ancol a chc R'(OH)b: (RCOO)bR'.- To bi axit cacboxylic a chc R(COOH)a v ancol a chc R'(OH)b:

Rb(COO)abR'a.Trong , R v R' l gc hirocacbon (no, khng no hoc thm); trng hp

c bit, R c th l H ( l este ca axit fomic H-COOH).

b/ Trng hp phc tp: l trng hp este cn cha nhm OH (hiroxi este)hoc este cn cha nhm COOH (este - axit) hoc cc este vng ni phn t Este trong trng hp ny s phi xt c th m khng th c CTTQ chung c.

V d vi glixerol v axit axetic c th c cc hiroxi este nh

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HOC3H5(OOCCH3)2 hoc (HO)2C3H5OOCCH3; hoc vi axit oxalic v metanol cth c este - axit l HOOC-COOCH3.

c/ Cng thc tng qut dng phn t ca este khng cha nhm chc khcNn s dng CTTQ dng

n 2n + 2 2 2a

C H O (trong n l s cacbon trong phn t

este n 2, nguyn; l tng s lin kt v s vng trong phn t 1,nguyn; a l s nhm chc este a 1, nguyn), vit phn ng chy hoc thitlp cng thc theo phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t c th.

3. Tnh cht ho hc ca estea/ Phn ng thu phn este

Tnh cht ho hc quan trng nht ca este l phn ng thu phn. S thuphn este (v c bn, cha xt cc trng hp c bit) l :

C O + H OH H+, to C O H +

(este) (nc) (axit) (ancol)Thu phn chnh l qu trnh nghch ca ca phn ng este ho.

Phn ng thu phn c th xy ra trong mi trng axit hoc mi trng baz.- Phn ng thu phn trong mi trng kim c gi lphn ng x phng ho.

c im ca phn ng thu phn este:- Phn ng thu phn este trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch. Snphm ca phn ng trong iu kin ny lun c axit cacboxylic. chuyn dchcn bng v pha to axit v ancol, ta dng lng d nc.

- Phn ng thu phn este khng nhng thun nghch m cn rt chm. tngtc phn ng thu phn ta un nng hn hp phn ng vi vi cht xc tcaxit (H2SO4, HCl).

- Phn ng xphng ho ch xy ra mt chiu, sn phm thu c lun c muica axit cacboxylic.

C O + OH- to

C O- +

(este) (kim) (mui) (ancol, phenol, anehit )b/ Phn ng ca gc hirocacbon

Este khng no (este ca axit khng no hoc ancol khng no) c kh nng thamgia phn ng cngv phn ng trng hp y l tnh cht do lin kt quynh (tng t nh hirocacbon tng ng). Mt s phn ng thuc loi ny cng dng quan trng l :

- Phn ng chuyn ho du (cht bo lng) thnh m (cht bo rn)

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(C17H33COO)3C3H5 + 3H20Ni, t , p (C17H35COO)3C3H5

(Triolein) (Tristearin)- Phn ng trng hp vinyl axetat thnh poli(vinyl axetat)

CH2 CH OCOCH3xt, to, p

CH CH2OCOCH3

nn

- Trng hp metyl metacrylat thnh poli(metyl metacrylat) thu tinh hu cplexiglas).

nCH2 CH COOCH3

CH3

xt, to, p

metyl metacrylatpoli(metyl metacrylat) (PMM)

CH CH2

CH3

COOCH3

n

- Phn ng trng gng ca este ca axit fomic (xem li anehit).4. Phn ng kh este bi lti-nhm hirua LiAlH4 thnh ancol bc I

RCOOR' 4+3

1) LiAlH

2) H O RCH2OH + R'OH

(Ch : anhirit axit, halogenua axit cng b lti-nhm hirua kh tng t).

5.Mt s phn ng thu phn c bit ca esteCn c vo s phn ng x phng ho hay phn ng thu phn este ta c

th cn c vo sn phm to thnh suy on cu to ca este ban u.

Khng nht thitsn phm cui cng phi c ancol, tu thuc vo vic nhm OH nh vo gc hirocacbon c cu to nh th no m s c cc phn ng tiptheo xy ra c sn phm cui cng hon ton khc nhau, hoc na l do cu tobt thng ca este gy nn.

Mt s trng hp thu phn c bit ca este (khng cha halogen) thnggp trong bi ton nh lng l : Este + NaOH 1 mui + 1 anehit

Este n chc c gc ancol dng cng thc R-CH=CH-

Th d CH3COOCH=CH-CH3 Este + NaOH 1 mui + 1 xeton

Este n chc vi dng cng thc R COO C(R)=C(R)RTh d : CH3-COO-C(CH3)= CH2 to axeton khi thu phn. Este + NaOH 1 mui + 1 ancol + H2O

Este- axit :HOOC-R-COOR Este + NaOH 2 mui + H2O

Este ca phenol:C6H5OOC-R

Este + NaOH 1 mui + anehit + H2OHiroxi- este: RCOOCH(OH)-R

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Este + NaOH 1 mui + xeton + H2OHiroxi- este: RCOOC(R)(OH)-R

Este + NaOH 1 sn phm duy nhthoc m RN = mESTE + mNaOH.

Este vng (c to bi hiroxi axit)

R C CH3 CH C

Este + NaOH C MSP = MEste + MNaOHy chnh l este vng nhng c nhn di gc khc m thi

CH3 CH C O + NaOHto CH3 CH C

Ch cc kt lun in nghingngay di mi trng hp trn y ch l mt thd n gin nht, cc em ch c vn dng khi khng c du hiu cho php xcnh c th s nhm chc este trc .

6. Mt s phng php iu ch estea/ Phn ng ca ancol vi axit cacboxylic v dn xut nh clorua axit, anhiritaxit, to ra este.- Phn ng ca ancol vi axit cacboxylic (xem axit).

RCOOH + R'OH+ 0H , t RCOOR' + H2O

- Phn ng ca ancol vi anhirit axit hoc clorua axit th phn ng xy ra nhanhhn v mt chiu (khng thun nghch nh khi tc dng vi axit)

(CH3CO)2O + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + CH3COOHCH3COCl + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + HCl

b/ Phn ng ca phenol vi anhirit axit hoc clorua axit (phenol khng tc dngvi axit cacboxylic) to este ca phenol.V d: phn ng to phenyl axetat

(CH3CO)2O + C6H5OH

CH3COOC6H5 + CH3COOH

CH3COCl + C6H5OH CH3COOC6H5 + HClc/ Phn ng cng vo hirocacbon khng no ca axit cacboxylicV d: phn ng to vinyl axetat

CH3COOH + CH CH0xt, t CH3COOCH=CH2

d/ Phn ng ankyl halogenua v mui bc hay cacboxylat ca kim loi kimRCOOAg + R'I RCOOR' + AgIRCOONa + R I RCOOR' + NaI

7. Lipit

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- Lipit l nhng hp cht hu c c trong t bo sng. Lipit bao gm cht bo,sp, sterit, photpholipit, hu ht chng u l cc este phc tp.- Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi cc axit monocacboxylic c s chn nguynt C (thng t 12C n 24C) khng phn nhnh, gi chung l triglixerit. Khi

thu phn cht bo th thu c glixerol v axit bo.- Khi un nng cht bo vi dung dch kim th to ra glixerol v hn hp muica cc axit bo. Mui natri (hoc kali) ca cc axit bo chnh l x phng.

Phn ng ca cht bo vi cht kim c gi l phn ng x phng ho. Phnng x phng ho xy ra nhanh hn phn ng thu phn trong mi trng axit vkhng thun nghch.- Ch s axit: l s mg KOH cn trung ho axit bo t do c trong 1g cht bo.- Ch s x phng ho l tng s mg KOH cn x phng ho glixerit v trungho axit bo t do c trong 1g cht bo.

- Ch s iot: l s gam iot c th cng hp vo cc lin kt bi c trong 100g chtbo.8. X phng v cht ty ra tng hp

B - MT S PHN NG HO HC THNG GP

1. RCOOCH=CH2 + NaOH0t RCOONa + CH3CHO

2. RCOOC6H5 + 2NaOH0t RCOONa + C6H5ONa + H2O

3. C3H5(OOC R)3 + 3NaOH 0t 3 RCOONa + C3H5(OH)3

4. bR(COOH)a + aR'(OH)b+ 0H , t Rb(COO)abR'a + abH2O

5. (C17H35COO)3C3H5 + 3KOH0t C17H35COOK + C3H5(OH)3

6. 3CH3COOH + PCl33CH3COCl + H3PO37. 3CH3COOH + POCl3

0t 3CH3COCl + H3PO4

8. CH3COONa(r) + NaOH(r)0CaO, t CH4 + Na2CO3

9. CH3CH2COOH + Br2

0photpho, t

CH3CHBrCOOH + HBr10. CH3-CO-CH3 + HCN (CH3)2C(OH)CN11. (CH3)2C(OH)CN + 2H2O (CH3)2C(OH)COOH + NH312. R-Cl + KCN R-CN + KCl13. R-CN + 2H2O R-COOH + NH3

14. C6H5-CH(CH3)22

+2

1) O

2) H O, H C6H5OH + CH3COCH3

15. RCOONa + HCl (dd long) RCOOH + NaCl16. 2CH3COONa(r) + 4O2

0tNa2CO3 + 3CO2+ 3H2O

17. CxHy(COOM)a + O20t M2CO3 + CO2 + H2O

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(s phn ng t chy mui cacboxylat).18. RCOOC(CH3)=CH2 + NaOH

0t RCOONa + CH3COCH3

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C- BI TP TRC NGHIMI BI TP C BNCu 1.1 Khi un hn hp gm etanol v axit axetic (c mt H2SO4 c lm xctc), c th thu c este c tn l

A. ietyl ete. B. Etyl axetat.C. Etyl fomiat. D. Etyl axetic.Cu 1.2 C cc nhn nh sau : (1) Este l sn phm ca phn ng gia axit vancol; (2) Este l hp cht hu c trong phn t c nhm COO- ; (3) Este no,n chc, mch h c cng thc phn t CnH2nO2 , vi n 2 ; (4) Hp chtCH3COOC2H5 thuc loi este; (5) Sn phm ca phn ng gia axit v ancol leste. Cc nhn nh ng l

A. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5). B. (1), (3), (4), (5).C. (1), (2), (3), (4). D. (2), (3), (4), (5).

Cu 1.3 Xt cc nhn nh sau: (1) Trong phn ng este ho, axit sunfuric valm xc tc va c tc dng ht nc, do lm tng hiu sut to este;(2) Khng th iu ch c vinyl axetat bng cch un si hn hp ancol v axitc axit H2SO4 c lm xc tc; (3) iu ch este ca phenol khng dng axitcacboxylic thc hin phn ng vi phenol; (4) Phn ng este ho l phn ngthun - nghch. Cc nhn nh ng gm

A. ch (4). B. (1) v (4).C. (1), (3), v (4). D. (1), (2), (3), (4).

Cu 1.4 Hn hp X gm 2 este mch h E (C5H6O4) v F (C4H6O2). un hn hpX vi dung dch NaOH d, sau c cn dung dch, thu cht rn Y. Nung Y viNaOH (c mt CaO) th c mt cht kh l CH4. Vy cng thc cu to ca Ev F l

A. HOOCCH = CH COOCH3 v CH3OOC CH = CH2.B. HOOC COO CH2 CH = CH2 v H COO CH2 CH = CH2.C. HOOC CH = CH COO CH3 v CH2 = CH COO CH3.D. HOOC CH2 COO CH = CH2 v CH3 COO CH = CH2.

Cu 1.5 Tng s lin kt v s vng trong phn t este (khng cha nhm

chc no khc) to bi glixerol v axit benzoic lA. 3. B. 4.C. 14. D. 15.

Cu 1.6 ng vi cng thc phn t C4H8O2, s tn ti cc este vi tn gi : (1)etyl axetat; (2) metyl propionat; (3) metyl iso-propylonat; (4) propyl fomiat; (5)iso-propyl fomiat. Cc tn gi ng ng vi este c th c ca cng thc phn t cho l

A. (1), (2), (4), (5). B. (1), (3), (4), (5).C. (1), (2), (3), (4). D. (2), (3), (4), (5).

Cu 1.7 Phn ng thu phn ca este trong mi trng axit (1) v mi trngbaz (2) khc nhau cc im : a/ (1) thun nghch, cn (2) ch mt chiu; b/ (1)

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to sn phm axit, cn (2) to sn phm mui; c/ (1) cn un nng, cn (2) khngcn un nng. Nhn xt ng l

A. a, b. B. a, b, c.C. a, c. D. b, c.

Cu 1.8 Cng thc tng qut ca este to bi mt axit cacboxylic v mt ancol lA. CnH2nO2. B. RCOOR.C. CnH2n 2O2. D. R b(COO)abRa.

Cu 1.9 Cng thc tng qut ca este to bi mt axit cacboxylic no n chc vmt ancol no n chc (c axit v ancol u mch h) l

A. CnH2n+2O2. B. CnH2n 2O2.C. CnH2nO2. D. CnH2n + 1COOCmH2m +1.

Cu 1.10 Este ca glixerol vi axit cacboxylic (RCOOH) c mt s hc sinhvit nh sau: (1) (RCOO)3C3H5; (2) (RCOO)2C3H5(OH); (3) (HO)2C3H5OOCR;

(4) (ROOC)2C3H5(OH); (5) C3H5(COOR)3. Cng thc vit ng lA. ch c (1). B. ch c (5).C. (1), (5), (4). D. (1), (2), (3).

Cu 1.11 Cng thc tng qut ca este thun chc to bi ancol no hai chc vaxit khng no c mt ni i, ba chc l

A. CnH2n - 10O6. B. CnH2n -16O12.C. CnH2n - 6O4. D. CnH2n - 18O12.

Cu 1.12 Trong s cc phn ng c th c ca este gm: (1) phn ng trng hp;(2) phn ng cng; (3) phn ng thu phn; (4) phn ng oxi ha, phn ng ctrng cho mi este l

A. (1). B. (4).C. (3). D. (3) v (4).

Cu 1.13 Nhng pht biu sau y : (1) Cht bo khng tan trong nc; (2) Chtbo khng tan trong nc, nh hn nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c;(3) Du n v m bi trn c cng thnh phn nguyn t; (4) Cht bo l este caglixerol v axit hu c. Cc pht biu ng l

A. (1), (2), (3), (4). B. (1), (2).

C. (1), (2), (4). D. (2), (3), (4).Cu 1.14 Trong thnh phn ca mt s loi sn c trieste ca glixerol vi axitlinoleic C17H31COOH v axit linolenic C17H29COOH. S lng cng thc cu toca cc trieste c th c trong loi sn ni trn l

A. 6. B. 18.C. 8. D. 12.

Cu 1.15 Este mch h, n chc cha 50%C (v khi lng) c tn gi lA. etyl axetat. B. vinyl axtetat.C. metyl axetat. D. vinyl fomiat.

Cu 1.16 Este X (C8H8O2) tc dng vi lng d dung dch KOH thu c 2mui hu c v H2O. X c tn gi l

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A. metyl benzoat. B. benzyl fomiat.C. phenyl fomiat. D. phenyl axetat.

Cu 1.17 Cht X c cng thc phn t C4H8O2. Khi X tc dng vi dung dchNaOH sinh ra cht Y c cng thc C2H3O2Na. Cng thc cu to ca X l

A. HCOOC3H7 B. C2H5COOCH3C. CH3COOC2H5 D. HCOOC3H5.Cu 1.18 Khi un hn hp 2 axit R1COOH v R2COOH vi glixerol (axit H2SO4lm xc tc) c th thu c my trieste ?

A. 6. B. 4.C. 18. C. 2.

Cu 1.19 Trong s cc este: (1) metyl axetat; (2) metyl acrylat; (3) metylmetacrylat; (4) metyl benzoat, este m polime ca n c dng sn xut chtdo gm

A. (1), (2), (3). B. (1), (4).C. (2), (3); (4). D. (3), (4).

Cu 1.20 S nguyn t cacbon ti thiu trong phn t este khng no, mch h lA. 2. B. 5.C. 4. D. 3.

Cu 1.21 S nguyn t cacbon ti thiu trong phn t este (c to nn t axitv ancol) no a chc, mch h l

A. 2. B. 5.C. 4. D. 3.

Cu 1.22 un nng hn hp gm x mol axit axetic v y mol etylen glicol (xtH2SO4 c). Ti thi im cn bng thu c 0,30 mol axit, 0,25 mol ancol v0,75 mol este (khng tc dng vi Na). x, y c gi tr l

A. x = 1,05; y = 0,75. B. x = 1,20; y = 0,90.C. x = 1,05; y = 1,00. D. x = 1,80; y = 1,00.

Cu 1.23 Trong s cc ng phn mch h c cng thc phn t C2H4O2, sng phn c kh nng tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, natri kim loi, natricacbonat, dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac ln lt l

A. 2, 2, 1, 2. B. 2, 1, 2, 1.C. 2, 2, 2, 1. D. 1, 2, 2, 1.Cu 1.24 ng vi cng thc phn t C3H6O2, mt hc sinh gi tn cc ng phneste c th c gm: (1) etyl fomiat; (2) metyl axetat; (3) iso propyl fomiat; (4)vinyl fomiat. Cc tn gi ng l

A. ch c (1). B. (1) v (2).C. ch c (3). D. (1), (2) v (3).

Cu 1.25 Tn gi ca este (c to nn t axit v ancol thch hp) c cng thcphn t C4H6O2 l

A. Metyl acrylat. B. Metyl metacrylat.C. Metyl propionat. D. Vinyl axetat.

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Cu 1.26 Cho 2 mol CH3COOH thc hin phn ng este ho vi 3 mol C2H5OH.Khi t trng thi cn bng trong hn hp c 1,2 mol este to thnh. nhit hng s cn bng Kc ca phn ng este ho l

A. 1. B. 1,2.

C. 2,4. D. 3,2.Cu 1.27 Cht X tc dng vi NaOH cho dung dch X1. C cn X1 c cht rnX2 v hn hp hi X3. Chng ct X3 thu c cht X4. Cho X4 trng gng csn phm X5. Cho X5 tc dng vi NaOH li thu c X2. Vy cng thc cu toca X l

A. HCOO C(CH3) = CH2. B. HCOO CH = CH CH3.C. CH2 = CH CH2 OCOH. D. CH2 = CH OCOCH3.

Cu 1.28 Hn hp T gm 2 cht X, Y mch h (C,H,O) n chc u khng tcdng c vi Na, nhng u tc dng vi dung dch NaOH khi un nng. t

chy hon ton m g T, thu 6,72 lt (ktc) CO2 v 5,4g H2O. Vy X, Y thuc dyng ng

A. este n, no. B. este n no, c 1 ni i.C. este n, c mt ni ba. D. este n c 2 ni i.

Cu 1.29 Pht biu no sau y sai ?A. Phn ng x phng ho l phn ng thu phn este trong mi trng kim,un nng.B. Cht bo l este ca glixerol vi cc axit bo.C. Glixerol kh nc hon ton cho sn phm l acrolein.D. Cc axit bo c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh, s nguyn t cacbon chn.

Cu 1.30 Cch no sau y c th dng iu ch etyl axetat ?A. un hi lu hn hp etanol, gim v axit sunfuric c.B. un hi lu hn hp axit axetic, ru trng v axit sunfuric c.C. un si hn hp etanol, axit axetic v axit sunfuric c trong cc thu tinhchu nhit.D. un hi lu hn hp etanol, axit axetic v axit sunfuric c.

Cu 1.31 Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C5H6O4. Thu phn X bng dung

dch NaOH d, thu c mt mui v mt ancol. Cng thc cu to ca X c thlA. HOOCCOOCH2CH = CH2. B. HOOCCH2COOCH = CH2.C. HOOCCH = CHOOCCH3. D. HOOCCH2CH = CHOOCH.

Cu 1.32 Thu phn este E c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 vi xc tc axit v clong, thu c 2 sn phm hu c X, Y (cha cc nguyn t C, H, O). T X cth iu ch trc tip ra Y bng mt phn ng duy nht. Cht E l

A. etyl axetat. B. propyl fomiat.C. isopropyl fomiat. D. metyl propionat.

Cu 1.33 Cho cc cu sau :a/ Cht bo thuc loi hp cht este.

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b/ Cc este khng tan trong nc do chng nh hn nc.c/ Cc este khng tan trong nc v ni ln trn mt nc l do chng khng toc lin kt hiro vi nc v nh hn nc.d/ Khi un cht bo lng vi hiro c xc tc niken trong ni hp th chng

chuyn thnh cht bo rn.e/ Cht bo lng l cc triglixerit cha gc axit khng no trong phn t.Nhng cu ng l p n no sau y ?

A. a, d, e. B. a, b, d.C. a, c, d, e. D. a, b, c, d, e.

Cu 1.34 Ch s axit ca cht bo lA. S mol KOH cn x phng ho mt gam cht bo.B. S miligam NaOH cn trung ho cc axit t do c trong 1 gam cht bo.C. S miligam KOH cn trung ho cc axit t do c trong 1 gam cht bo.

D. S lin kt c trong gc hirocacbon ca axit bo.Cu 1.35 Cho a mol cht bo (C17H35COO)3C3H5 tc dng ht vi NaOH thuc 46g glixerol, a c gi tr l

A. 0,3 mol. B. 0,4 mol.C. 0,5 mol. D. 0,6 mol.

Cu 1.36 un nng hn hp X v Y c cng thc C5H8O2 trong dung dchNaOH, thu sn phm 2 mui C3H5O2Na, C3H3O2Na v 2 sn phm khc. Cngthc cu to ca X v Y l

A. CH2=CHCH2CH2 COOH v CH3CH2CH=CHCOOH.B. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 v CH2=CHCOOCH2CH3.C. CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH=CH2 v CH2=CHCH2CH2COOH.D. O=HCCH2CH2CH2CH=O v O=HCCH(OH)CH2CH=CH2.

Cu 1.37 T nguyn liu u l eten v benzen (xc tc v iu kin phn ng c), iu ch c ba polime gm polistiren, polibutaien v poli(butaien-stiren), cn thc hin s lng phn ng ho hc t nht l

A. 5. B.6.C. 7. D. 8

Cu 1.38 Cho 10 gam hn hp X gm etanol v etyl axetat tc dng va vi50g dung dch natri hiroxit 4%. Phn trm khi lng ca etyl axetat trong hnhp bng

A. 22%. B. 44%.C. 50%. D. 51%.

Cu 1.39 Trong phng th nghim c cc ho cht c dng lm thuc th gm:(1) dd brom; (2) dd NaOH; (3) dd AgNO3/NH3; (4) axit axetic; (5) cn iot. phn bit 3 este: anlyl axetat, vinyl axetat v etyl fomiat cn phi dng cc thucth l

A. 1, 2, 5. B. 1, 3.C. 2, 3. D. 1, 2, 3.

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Cu 1.40 Cho 0,15 mol este n chc X (C5H8O2) tc dng va vi dung dchNaOH, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu 21g mui khan. Cng thc cu to caX l

CH2 CH COOC2H5 CH2 CH(CH3)COOA. C..

Cu 1.41 F l cht hu c c cng thc phn t C5H8O2. F tc dng vi NaOHto ra mt ancol T, khi t chy mt th tch ancol T cn 3 th tch oxi (o cngiu kin). Axit to F l

A. axit axetic. B. axit valeric.C. axit acrylic. D. axit fomic.

Cu 1.42 t chy hon ton m g hn hp cc este no, n chc, mch h. Snphm chy c dn vo bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong d thy khi lngbnh tng 6,2g. S mol H2O sinh ra v khi lng kt ta to ra l

A. 0,1 mol; 12g. B. 0,1 mol; 10g.C. 0,01mol; 10g. D. 0,01 mol; 1,2g.

Cu 1.43 Cho ancol X tc dng vi axit Y thu c este Z. lm bay hi 8,6g Zthu c th tch bng th tch ca 3,2g O2 cng iu kin nhit v p sut.Bit MY > MX. Tn gi ca Y l

A. axit fomic. B. axit metacrylic.

C. axit acrylic. D. axit axetic.Cu 1.44 Cho hn hp E gm 2 este c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 v C3H6O2 tcdng hon ton vi NaOH d thu c 6,14g hn hp 2 mui v 3,68g mt ancolY duy nht c t khi so vi oxi l 1,4375. Cng thc cu to mi este v s gamtng ng l

A. C2H5COOCH3 (6,6g); CH3COOCH3 (1,48g).B. CH3COOC2H5 (4,4g); HCOOC2H5 (2,22g).C. C2H5COOCH3 (4,4g); CH3COOCH3 (2,22g).D. CH3COOC2H5 (6,6g); HCOOC2H5 (1,48g).

Cu 1.45 t chy 6g este E thu c 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc) v 3,6g H2O. Bit E cphn ng trng gng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3. Vy cng thc cu to ca E l

A. CH3COO CH2CH2CH3. B. HCOO CH2CH2CH3.C. HCOO C2H5. D. HCOOCH3.

Cu 1.46 Thu phn hon ton 8,8g este n chc, mch h X vi 100ml dungdch KOH 1M (va ) thu c 4,6g mt ancol Y. Tn gi ca X l

A. Etyl fomiat. B. Etyl propionat.C. Etyl axetat. D. Propyl axetat.

Cu 1.47 Lm bay hi 7,4g mt este X thu c mt th tch hi bng th tchca 3,2g kh oxi cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Khi thc hin phn ng x

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phng ho 7,4g X vi dung dch NaOH (phn ng hon ton) thu c sn phmc 6,8g mui. Tn gi ca X l

A. etyl fomiat. B. vinyl fomiat.C. metyl axetat. D. isopropyl fomiat.

Cu 1.48 t chy hon ton 2,28g X cn 3,36 lt oxi (ktc) thu hn hp CO2 vH2O c t l th tch tng ng 6 : 5. Nu un X trong dung dch H 2SO4 long thuc axit Y c =2Y / Hd 36 v ancol n chc Z. Cng thc ca X l

A. C2H5COOC2H5. B. CH3COOCH3.C. C2H3COOC2H5. D. C2H3COOC3H7.

Cu 1.49 t hon ton 4,2g mt este E thu c 6,16g CO2 v 2,52g H2O. Cngthc cu to ca E l

A. HCOOC2H5. B. CH3COOC2H5.C. CH3COOCH3. D. HCOOCH3.

Cu 1.50 un nng 0,1 mol X vi dung dch NaOH (), thu 13,4g mui ca axita chc v 9,2g ancol n chc, c th tch 8,32 lt ( 127 0C, 600 mmHg). X ccng thc

A. CH(COOCH3)3. B. C2H4(COOC2H5)2.C. (COOC2H5)2. D. (COOC3H5)2.

Cu 1.51 X phng ho hon ton 0,1 mol este X (ch cha 1 loi nhm chc) cn0,3 mol NaOH, thu 9,2g ancol Y v 20,4g mt mui Z (cho bit 1 trong 2 cht Yhoc Z l n chc). Cng thc ca X l

A. CH3CH2OOC-COOCH2CH3. B. C3H5(OOCH)3.C. C3H5(COOCH3)3. D. C3H5(COOCH3)3.Cu 1.52 x phng ho hon ton 19,4g hn hp 2 este n chc X, Y cn200ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, c cn dung dch thuc hn hp 2 ancol ng ng k tip nhau v m g mt mui khan duy nht Z.CTCT, % khi lng ca X trong hn hp ban u v gi tr m l

A. HCOOCH3 66,67%; 20,4g. B. HCOOC2H5 16,18%; 20,4g.C. CH3COOCH3 19,20%; 18,6g. D. CH3CH2COOCH3; 19,0g.

Cu 1.53 Cho 21,8g cht hu c X ch cha mt loi nhm chc tc dng vi 1

lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M thu c 24,6g mui v 0,1 mol mt ancol Y. LngNaOH d c trung ho ht bi 0,2 mol HCl. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca Xl

A. CH3C(COOCH3)3. B. (C2H5COO)3C2H5.C. (HCOO)3C3H5. D. (CH3COO)3C3H5.

Cu 1.54 Khi thu phn a g mt este X thu c 0,92g glixerol, 3,02g natrilinoleat (C17H31COONa) v m g mui natri oleat (C17H33COONa). Gi tr ca a, mln lt l

A. 8,82g ; 6,08g. B. 7,2g ; 6,08g.

C. 8,82g ; 7,2g. D. 7,2g ; 8,82g.

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Cu 1.55 Trong cht bo lun c mt lng axit bo t do. S miligam KOHdng trung ho lng axit bo t do trong mt gam cht bo gi l ch s axitca cht bo. trung ho 2,8g cht bo cn 3ml dung dch KOH 0,1M. Ch saxit ca mu cht bo trn l

A. 8. B. 15.C. 6. D. 16.Cu 1.56 Tng s miligam KOH trung ho ht lng axit t do v x phngho ht lng este trong mt gam cht bo gi l ch s x phng ho ca chtbo. Vy ch s x phng ho ca mu cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 cha 89%tristearin l

A. 185. B. 175.C. 165. D. 155.

Cu 1.57 Khi thu phn (xc tc axit) mt este thu c glixerol v hn hp cc

axit stearic v axit panmitic theo t l mol tng ng bng 2 : 1. Este c th ccng thc cu to no sau y?

A.

17 35 2|

17 35|

17 35 2

C H COOCH

C H COOCH

C H COOCH

B.

17 35 2|

15 31|

17 35 2

C H COOC H

C H COOC H

C H COOCH

C.

17 35 2|

17 33|

15 31 2

C H COOC H

C H COO CH

C H COOCH

D.

17 35 2|

15 31|

15 31 2

C H COOC H

C H COOC H

C H COOCHCu 1.58 Trong cht bo lun c mt lng axit bo t do. Khi thu phn honton 2,145kg cht bo, cn dng 0,3kg NaOH, thu 0,092kg glixerol, v mg hnhp mui Na. Khi lng x phng 60% (v khi lng) thu c l

A. 7,84kg. B. 3,92kg.C. 2,61kg. D. 3,787kg.

Cu 1.59 Trong thnh phn ca mt loi sn c cc triglixerit l trieste caglixerol vi axit linoleic C17H31COOH v axit linolenic C17H29COOH. Cng thc

cu to c th c ca cc trieste l : (1) (C17H31COO)2C3H5OOCC17H29;(2) C17H31COOC3H5(OOCC17H29)2; (3) (C17H31OOC)2C3H5OOCC17H29;(4) (C17H31OCO)2C3H5COOC17H29. Nhng cng thc ng l

A. (1), (2), (3), (4). B. (1), (2).C. (1), (2), (4). D. (2), (3), (4).

Cu 1.60 un si a g mt triglixerit X vi dung dch KOH cho n khi phn nghon ton, thu c 0,92g glixerol v 9,58g hn hp Y gm mui ca axit linoleicv axit oleic. Gi tr ca a l

A. 8,82g. B. 9,91g.C. 10,90g. D. 8,92g.

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Cu 1.61 Khi lng x phng thu c t 1 tn m ng vt (cha 50%trioleoyl glixerol, 30% tripanmitoyl glixerol (panmitin) v 20% tristearoyl glixerol(stearin) v khi lng) khi x phng ho bng natri hiroxit, gi s hiu sut qutrnh t 90% l

A. 988kg. B. 889,2kg.C. 929,3kg. D. 917kg.

Cu 1.62 Thu phn hon ton cht bo E bng dung dch NaOH thu c 1,84gglixerol v 18,24g mui ca axit bo duy nht. Cht bo lA. (C17H33COO)3C3H5. B. (C17H35COO)3C3H5.C. (C15H31COO)3C3H5. D. (C15H29COO)3C3H5.Cu 1.63 t chy 3,7g cht hu c X cn dng 3,92 lt O2 (ktc) thu c CO2v H2O c t l mol 1:1. Bit X tc dng vi KOH to ra 2 cht hu c. Vy cng

thc phn t ca X lA. C3H6O2. B. C4H8O2.C. C2H4O2. D. C3H4O2.

Cu 1.64 un nng 215g axit metacrylic vi 100g metanol (vi Hp = 60%).Khi lng este metyl metacrylat thu c l

A. 100g. B. 125g.C. 150g. D. 175g.

Cu 1.65 Mt cht hu c X c2

2X COd = . Khi un nng X vi dung dchNaOH to ra mui c khi lng ln hn khi lng X phn ng. Tn X lA. iso propyl fomiat. B. metyl axetat.C. etyl axetat. D. metyl propionat.

Cu 1.66 Este X c2/

44X Hd = . Thu phn X to nn 2 hp cht hu c X1, X2.Nu t chy cng mt lng X1 hay X2 s thu c cng mt th tch CO2 (cng nhit v p sut). Tn gi ca X l

A. etyl fomiat. B. isopropyl fomiat.

C. metyl propionat. D. etyl axetat.Cu 1.67 X phng ho 22,2g hn hp gm 2 este ng phn, cn dng 12gNaOH, thu 20,492g mui khan (hao ht 6%). Trong X chc chn c mt este vicng thc v s mol tng ng l

A. H COOC2H5 0,2 mol. B. CH3 COOCH3 0,2 mol.C. H COOC2H5 0,15 mol D. CH3 COOC2H3 0,15 mol.

Cu 1.68 un nng 3,21g hn hp X gm hai cht hu c Y v Z cng nhmchc vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c hn hp mui natri ca hai axit ankanoic

k tip nhau trong dy ng ng v mt cht lng L (t khi hi 4/ 3,625 L CHd = ).

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Cht L phn ng vi CuO un nng cho sn phm c phn ng trng gng. Cho1

10lng cht L phn ng vi Na c 0,015 mol H2. Nhn nh no sau y l

sai ?

A. Nung mt trong hai mui thu c vi NaOH (vi ti xt) s to metan.B. Tn gi ca L l ancol anlylic.C. Trong hn hp X, hai cht Y v Z c s mol bng nhau.D. t chy hn hp X s thu c

2 20,02CO H On n = .

II BI TP NNG CAO

Cu 1.69 Tng s lin kt v s vng trong phn t este (khng cha nhm

chc no khc) to bi glixerol v axit aipic lA. 0. B. 6.C. 7. D. 8.

Cu 1.70 Cho 7,4g este E thu phn trong dung dch NaOH th thu c 8,2gmui natriaxetat. Cng thc ca este E l

A. (CH3COO)2C2H4. B. (CH3COO)3C3H5.C. CH3(CH2)2COOCH3. D. CH3COOCH3.

Cu 1.71 X l mt este hu c n chc, mch h. Cho mt lng X tc dng

hon ton vi dung dch NaOH va , thu c mui c khi lng bng41

37

khi lng este ban u. X lA. H-COOCH3. B. CH2=CHCOOCH3.C. C17H35COO(CH2)16CH3. D. CH3COOCH3.

Cu 1.72 Thu phn este X (C4H6O2) trong mi trng axit ta thu c mt hnhp cc cht u c phn ng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ca X l

A. CH2 = CH COO CH3. B. CH3 CH = CH OCOH.C. CH2 = CH OCO CH3. D. HCOO CH2 CH = CH2.

Cu 1.73 Mt este X to bi axit n chc v ancol n chc c t khi vi Hebng 22. Khi un nng X vi dung dch NaOH to ra mui c khi lng bng17

22lng este phn ng. Tn X l

A. Etyl axetat. B. Metyl axetat.C. Isopropyl fomiat. D. Metyl propionat.

Cu 1.74 un hp cht X vi H2O (xc tc H+) c axit hu c Y (

2/2,57Y Nd = ) v ancol Z. Cho hi Z qua ng bt ng Cu xc tc un nng th

sinh ra cht T c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. t chy hon ton

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2,8g X th cn 3,92 lt O2 (ktc) v thu c 2:3: 22 =OHCO VV . Bit Z l ancoln chc. Tn gi ca X, Y ln lt l

A. axit acrylic; ancol anlylic. B. axit acrylic; ancol benzylic.C. axit valeric; ancol etanol. D. axit metacrylic; ancol isopropylic.

Cu 1.75 X phng ho mt este no n chc E bng mt lng va dungdch NaOH ch thu c mt sn phm X duy nht. Nung X vi vi ti xt thuc ancol Y v mui v c Z. t chy hon ton Y thu c CO2 v H2O c tl th tch 3 : 4. Bit oxi ho X bng CuO un nng c sn phm c phn ngtrng gng. Cng thc cu to ca E l

A. CH3OCOCH=CH2. B. CH2CH2C=O.

CH2O

C. C2H5CHC=O. D. CH3CHCH2O O C=O.

Cu 1.76 3,52g mt este E ca axit cacboxylic no n chc v ancol no n chc(c hai u mch h) phn ng va ht vi 40ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu ccht X v cht Y. t chy 0,6g cht Y cho 1,32g CO 2. Khi b oxi ho cht Ychuyn thnh anehit. CTCT ca este E v cht Y l (gi s cc phn ng u t100%)

A. HCOOCH(CH3)CH3; CH3CH2OH. B. C2H5COOCH3; CH3CH2OH.C. CH3COOCH2CH3; CH3CH2OH. D. HCOOCH2CH2CH3; CH3CH2CH2OH

Cu 1.77 Thu phn hon ton 0,1 mol este E (cha mt loi nhm chc) cndng va 100g dung dch NaOH 12%, thu c 20,4g mui ca axit hu c Xv 9,2g ancol Y. Xc nh cng thc phn t v gi tn X, Y. Bit rng mt trong2 cht (X hoc Y) to thnh este l n chc.

A. X: C3H6O2, axit propionic; Y: C3H8O3, glixerol.B. X: CH2O2, axit fomic; Y: C3H8O3, glixerol.C. X: C2H4O2, axit axetic; Y: C3H8O3, glixerol.D. X: C2H4O2, axit axetic; Y: C3H8O, ancol propylic.

Cu 1.78 Cho 12,9g mt este n chc (mch h) tc dng va vi 150mldung dch KOH 1M, sau phn ng thu c mt mui v mt anehit. CTCT caeste khng th l

A. HCOOCH=CHCH3 v CH3COOCH=CH2. B. HCOOCH2CH=CH2.C. CH3COOCH=CH2. D. HCOOCH=CHCH3.

Cu 1.79 t chy 1,60g mt este E n chc c 3,52g CO2 v 1,152g H2O.Cho 10g E tc dng vi lng NaOH va , c cn dung dch sau phn ng thuc 14,00g mui khan G. Cho G tc dng vi axit v c long thu c G1khng phn nhnh. S lng CTCT tho mn tnh cht nu ca E l

A. 4. B. 6.C. 2. D. 8.

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Cu 1.80 x phng ho 100kg du n thuc loi trioleoyl glixerol c ch saxit bng 7 cn 14,10kg natri hiroxit. Gi s phn ng xy ra hon ton, khilng mui natri thu c l

A. 108,6kg. B. 103,445kg.

C. 118,245kg. D. 117,89kg.Cu 1.81 Khi thu phn (trong mi trng axit) mt este c cng thc phn tC7H6O2 sinh ra hai sn phm X v Y. X kh c AgNO 3 trong amoniac, cn Ytc dng vi nc brom sinh ra kt ta trng. Tn gi ca este l

A. phenyl fomiat. B. benzyl fomiat.C. vinyl pentanoat. D. anlyl butyrat.

Cu 1.82 Mun thu phn 5,6g hn hp etyl axetat v etyl fomiat cn 25,96mlNaOH 10%, (D = 1,08g/ml). Thnh phn % khi lng ca etyl axetat trong hnhp l

A. 47,14%. B. 52,16%.C. 36,18%. D. 50,20%.

Cu 1.83 un a gam este mch khng phn nhnh CnH2n+1COOC2H5 vi 100mldd KOH. Sau phn ng phi dng 25ml dd H2SO4 0,5M trung ho KOH cnd. Mt khc mun trung ho 20ml dd KOH ban u phi dng 15ml dd H2SO4ni trn. Khi a = 5,8g th tn gi ca este l

A. etyl axetat. B. etyl propionat.C. etyl valerat. D. etyl butyrat.

Cu 1.84 Thuc chng mui (DEP) thu c khi cho axit thm (X) tc dng viancol Y. Mun trung ho dung dch cha 0,9035g X cn 54,5ml NaOH 0,2M.

Trong dung dch ancol Y 94% (theo khi lng) t s mol =2

ancol

H O

n 86

n 14 . Bit rng

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Cu 1.87 x phng ho hon ton 2,22g hn hp hai este l ng phn X vY, cn dng 30ml dd NaOH 1M. Khi t chy hon ton hn hp hai este ththu c kh CO2 v hi nc vi t l th tch 2 2H O COV :V = 1:1. Tn gi ca haieste l

A. metyl axetat; etyl fomiat. B. propyl fomiat; isopropyl fomiat.C. etyl axetat; metyl propionat. D. metyl acrylat; vinyl axetat.

Cu 1.88 un nng hn hp hai cht ng phn (X, Y) vi dung dch H 2SO4long, thu c hai axit ankanoic k tip nhau trong dy ng ng v haiankanol. Ho tan 1g hn hp axit trn vo 50ml NaOH 0,3M, trung ho NaOHd phi dng 10ml HCl 0,5M. Khi cho 3,9g hn hp ancol trn tc dng ht viNa thu c 0,05 mol kh. Bit rng cc gc hirocacbon u c phn nhnhcao nht. CTCT ca X, Y l

A. (CH3)2CH-COOC2H5 v (CH3)3COOCH3.B. HCOOC(CH3)3 v CH3COOCH(CH3)2.C. CH3COOC(CH3)3 v CH3CH2COOCH(CH3)2.D. (CH3)2CH-COOC2H5 v (CH3)2CHCH2COOCH3.

Cu 1.89 E l este ca glixerol vi mt s axit monocacboxylic no, mch h. un7,9g A vi NaOH cho ti phn ng hon ton, thu c 8,6g hn hp mui. Chohn hp mui tc dng H2SO4 d c hn hp 3 axit X, Y, Z; trong X vY l ng phn ca nhau; Z l ng ng k tip ca Y v c mch cacbon khngphn nhnh. S CTCT ca E v CTCT ca cc axit X, Y, Z ln lt l

A. 3; (CH3)2CHCOOH; CH3CH2CH2COOH; CH3(CH2)3COOH.B. 2; (CH3)3CCOOH; CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH; (CH3)2CHCOOH.C. 2; (CH3)2CHCOOH; CH3CH2CH2COOH; CH3(CH2)3COOH.D. 3; (CH3)3CCOOH; CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH; (CH3)2CHCOOH.

Cu 1.90 Mun tng hp 120kg poli(metyl metacrylat) th khi lng ca axit vancol tng ng cn dng l bao nhiu. Bit hiu sut qu trnh este ho v qutrnh trng hp ln lt l 60% v 80%.

A. 85,5kg v 41kg. B. 65kg v 40kg.C. 170kg v 80kg. D. 215kg v 80kg.

Cu 1.91 S gam iot c th cng vo lin kt bi trong mch cacbon ca 100gcht bo c gi l ch s iot ca cht bo. Ch s iot ca cht bo c to nnt axit linoleic l

A. 86,868. B. 90,188.C. 188,920. D. 173,736.

Cu 1.92 Mt mu cht bo cha gm trilein v tripanmitin c ch s iot l 19,05.Phn trm v khi lng ca mt trong hai glixerit phi l

A. 20,18%. B. 22,1%.C. 18,20%. D. 20,19%.

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CHNG II. CACBOHIRAT

A MT S VN L THUYT CN NM VNG1. Cu trc phn t

a) Glucoz v fructoz (C6H12O6)Glucozl monosaccarit, cu to bi mt nhm cacbonyl C1 (l anehit)

v nm nhm OH nm nguyn t cacbon cn li (l poliancol):CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO.

Trong thin nhin, glucoz tn ti ch yu hai dng -glucoz v -glucoz (dng mch vng). Trong dung dch, hai dng vng ny chim u th vlun chuyn ho ln nhau theo mt cn bng qua dng mch h.

OH

OH

H

OH

H

OHH

OH

CH2OH

1 C

OH

OH

H

OHH

OH

CH2OH

23

4

5

6

OH

OH

OH

H

H

OHH

OH

CH2OH

1

23

4

5

6

1

H

H

O

23

4

5

6

-glucoz glucoz -glucoz

Glucoz c y cc tnh cht ca ru a chc v anehit n chc.

Fructozl ng phn ca glucoz, cu to bi mt nhm cacbonyl v tr C 2(l xeton) v nm nhm OH nm nguyn t cacbon cn li (l poliancol):CH2OH[CHOH]3COCH2OH.

Cng vi dng mch h fructoz c th tn ti dng mch vng 5 cnhhoc 6 cnh

CH2OH

HOH

OH H

H OH

O

CH2OH

H

OH

CH2OH

OH H

H OH

O

HOCH21

2

3 4

5

6

1

2

3 4

5

6

CH2OH

HO

OH H

H OH

O

H

HOCH21

2

3 4

5

6

-fructoz fructoz -fructoz

Trong mi trng baz, fructoz c s chuyn ho thnh glucoz.

CH2OH[CHOH]4CHOCH2OH[CHOH]3-CO-CH2OHOH-

b) Saccaroz v mantoz (C12H22O11)Saccaroz l mt isaccarit, cu to bi C1 ca gc - glucoz ni vi C2

ca gc - fructoz qua nguyn t O (C1 O C2). Trong phn t khng cnnhm OH semiaxetal, nn khng c kh nng m vng.

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Mantozl ng phn ca saccaroz, cu to bi C1 ca gc - glucoz nivi C4 ca gc - hoc - glucoz qua nguyn t O (C1 O C4). n vmonosaccarit th hai c nhm OH semiaxetal t do, do c th m vng tothnh nhm anehit ( CHO).

c) Tinh bt v xenluloz (C6H10O5)nTinh bt l polisaccarit, cu to bi cc mt xch -glucoz lin kt vi nhau

thnh mch xon l xo, phn t khng c nhm CHO v cc nhm OH b che lpi.

Xenlulozl ng phn ca tinh bt, cu to bi cc mt xch -glucoz linkt vi nhau thnh mch ko di, phn t khng c nhm CHO v mi mt xchcn 3 nhm OH t do, nn cng thc ca xenluloz cn c th vit[C6H7O2(OH)3]n.

2. Tnh cht ho hc

Cacbohirat

Tnh cht

Glucoz Fructoz Saccaroz Mantoz Tinh bt Xenluloz

T/c caanehit +

[Ag(NH3)2]OHAg + - Ag - -

T/c ring caOH

hemiaxetal+ CH3OH/HCl

Metyl glucozit - - Metyl glucozit - -

T/c capoliancol+ Cu(OH)2

dd mu xanhlam

dd mu xanhlam

dd mu xanhlam

dd mu xanhlam

- -

T/c ca ancol(P/ este ho)+ (CH3CO)2O

+ HNO3/H2SO4

+ + + + +Xenluloztriaxetat

+ + + + +Xenluloz

trinitrat

P/ thu phn+ H2O/H+

- -Glucoz +Fructoz

Glucoz Glucoz Glucoz

P/ mu+ I2

- - - -mu xanhc trng

-

(+) c phn ng, khng yu cu vit sn phm; (-) khng c phn ng.(*) phn ng trong mi trng kim.

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1.CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO+5CH3COOH0Xt,t

CH3COOCH2[CHOOCCH3]4CHO

(pentaaxetyl glucoz)+ H2O2. CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO + H2

0Ni,t CH2OH[CHOH]4CH2OHSobit (Sobitol)

3. CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO + 2Cu(OH)20t CH2OH[CHOH]4COOH + Cu2O+

+2H2O4.

ot

2 4 3 2 2 4 4 3 2CH OH[CHOH] CHO 2[Ag(NH ) ]OH CH OH[CHOH] COONH 2Ag 3NH H O+ + + +

glucoz amoni gluconat5. C6H12O6 Men ru 2C2H5OH + 2CO26. C6H12O6Men lactic 2CH3CHOHCOOH

Axit lactic (axit sa chua)

7. (C6H10O5)n + nH2O Men +Hoac H nC6H12O6(Tinh bt) (Glucoz)

8. (C6H10O5)n + nH2O 0t

+xt: HnC6H12O6

(Xenluloz) (Glucoz)9. 6HCHO Ca(OH)2 C6H12O6

10.

OH

OH

H

OH

H

OHH

OH

CH2OH

1

OH

OH

H

OCH3

H

OHH

OH

CH2OH

+ HOCH3HCl + H2O

23

4

5

6

1

23

4

5

6

metyl -glucozit

11. CH2OH[CHOH]3COCH2OHOH CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO

12. CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO + Br2 + H2O CH2OH[CHOH]4COOH + 2HBr13. CH2OH[CHOH]4COOH + Fe3+ to phc mu vng xanh.

14. C12H22O11 + H2OH SO loang42 C6H12O6(Glucoz) + C6H12O6(Fructoz)

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15. C12H22O11 + Ca(OH)2 + H2O C12H22O11.CaO.2H2O16. C12H22O11.CaO.2H2O + CO2 C12H22O11 + CaCO3+ 2H2O

17. (C6H10O5)n + nH2O0Axit voc loang, t

hoac mennC6H12O6

tinh bt glucoz

18. 6nCO2 + 5nH2O Diep luc

a/ s mat tri (C6H10O5)n

19. (C6H10O5)n + nH2O 0Axit voc loang, t nC6H12O6

xenluloz glucoz

20. [C6H7O2(OH)3]n + 3nHONO2 0H SO , t42 [C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n + 3nH2O

(HNO3) xenluloz trinitrat

C- BI TP TRC NGHIM

I- BI TP C BN

Cu 2.1 Tm t thch hp in vo ch trng trong on vn sau: dng mch h glucoz v fructoz u c nhm cacbonyl, nhng trong

phn t glucoz nhm cacbonyl nguyn t C s , cn trong phn t fructoznhm cacbonyl nguyn t C s. Trong mi trng baz, fructoz c th

chuyn ho thnh v A. 1, 2, glucoz, ngc li. B. 2, 2, glucoz, ngc li.C. 2, 1, glucoz, ngc li. D. 1, 2, glucoz, mantoz.

Cu 2.2 Cacbohirat l g?A. Cacbohirat l nhng hp cht hu c a chc v a s chng c cng thcchung l Cn(H2O)m.B. Cacbohirat l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc v a s chng c cng thcchung l Cn(H2O)m.C. Cacbohirat l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc.

D. Cacbohirat l nhng hp cht hu c a chc v a s chng c cng thcchung l Cn(H2O)n.

Cu 2.3 C my loi cacbohirat quan trng?A. 1 loi. B. 2 loi.C. 3 loi. D. 4 loi.

Cu 2.4Nhng th nghim no chng minh c cu to phn t ca glucoz?A. phn ng vi Na v vi dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac.B. phn ng vi NaOH v vi dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac.C. phn ng vi CuO v vi dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac.

D. phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 v vi dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac.

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Cu 2.5 trng bc mt chic gng soi, ngi ta phi un nng dung dchcha 36g glucoz vi lng va dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac. Khi lngbc sinh ra bm vo mt knh ca gng v khi lng AgNO3 cn dng lnlt l (bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton)

A. 68,0g; 43,2g. B. 21,6g; 68,0g.C. 43,2g; 68,0g. D. 43,2g; 34,0g.

Cu 2.6 Phng n no di y c th phn bit c saccaroz, tinh bt vxenluloz dng bt?

A. Cho tng cht tc dng vi dung dch HNO3/H2SO4.

B. Cho tng cht tc dng vi dung dch iot.C. Ho tan tng cht vo nc, sau un nng v th vi dung dch iot.

D. Cho tng cht tc dng vi vi sa Ca(OH)2.Cu 2.7 phn bit cc dung dch glucoz, saccaroz v anehit axetic c thdng cht no trong cc cht sau lm thuc th ?

A. Cu(OH)2/OH. B. NaOH.

C. HNO3. D. AgNO3/NH3.Cu 2.8 C bn l mt nhn cha: Glixerol, ancol etylic, glucoz vaxit axetic. Thuc th no sau y c th dng phn bit cc dungdch trong tng l trn ?

A. [Ag(NH3)2]OH. B. Na kim loi.C. Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim. D. Nc brom.

Cu 2.9 phn bit cc cht: Glucoz, glixerol, anehit axetic,lng trng trng v ru etylic, c th ch dng mt thuc th nosau y?

A. dung dch HNO3. B. Cu(OH)2/OH.

C. dung dch AgNO3/NH3. D. dung dch brom.

Cu 2.10 Chn cch phn bit cc dung dch sau y: Lng trng trng, h tinhbt, glixerol.A. Iot lm h tinh bt ho xanh, glixerol tc dng vi Cu(OH) 2 nhit thng to dung dch xanh lam c trng, cn li lng trng trng.

B. Glixerol tc dng Cu(OH)2 nhit thng to dung dch xanh lam ctrng, lng trng trng tc dng Cu(OH)2 cho mu xanh tm, cn li h tinhbt.C. Iot lm h tinh bt ho xanh, khi un nng lng trng trng ng t, cn li

glixerol.D. C B, C u ng.

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Cu 2.11 C 4 dung dch long khng mu gm: Lng trng trng, glixerol, KOHv axit axetic. Ch dng mt thuc th no sau y phn bit chng.

A. dung dch HCl. B. dung dch CuSO4.

C. dung dch KMnO4. D. dung dch HNO3 c.Cu 2.12 Chn cu pht biu sai:

A. Saccaroz l mt isaccarit.B. Tinh bt v xenluloz u l polisaccarit, ch khc nhau v cu to ca gcglucoz.C. Khi thu phn n cng saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz u cho mt loimonosaccarit.D. Khi thu phn n cng, tinh bt v xenluloz u cho glucoz.

Cu 2.13 Cng l cht rn kt tinh, khng mu, khng mi, d tan trong nc, cv ngt l tnh cht vt l v trng thi t nhin ca nhm cht no sau y?A. glucoz v saccaroz. B. glucoz v tinh bt.

C. glucoz v xenluloz. D. saccaroz v tinh bt.Cu 2.14 Cho cc cht glucoz, fructoz, saccaroz, tinh bt, xenluloz. Chtva c tnh cht ca ancol a chc, va c tnh cht ca anehit l

A. ch c glucoz. B. glucoz v fructoz.C. glucoz, fructoz v saccaroz. D. tt c cc cht cho.

Cu 2.15 trng bc mt s rut phch, ngi ta phi dng 100g saccaroz.Khi lng AgNO3 cn dng v khi lng Ag to ra ln lt l (gi thit rng,s chuyn ho ca fructoz l khng ng k v hiu sut cc phn ng u t90%)

A. 88,74g; 50,74g. B. 102,0g; 52,5g.C. 52,5g; 91,8g. D. 91,8g; 64,8g.

Cu 2.16 Khi t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c thu c hn hp kh CO2v hi nc c t l mol l 1:1. Cht ny c th ln men ru (ancol). Cht lcht no trong cc cht sau ?

A. axit axetic. B. glucoz.C. sacacroz. D. hex-3-en.

Cu 2.17 Khi thu phn 1kg bt go c 80% tinh bt, th khi lng glucoz thuc l bao nhiu ? Gi thit rng, phn ng xy ra hon ton.

A. 0,80kg. B. 0,90kg.C. 0,99kg. D. 0,89kg.

Cu 2.18 Tnh khi lng glucoz to thnh khi thu phn 1kg mn ca c 50%xenluloz. Gi thit hiu sut phn ng l 80%.

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A. 0,555kg. B. 0,444kg.C. 0,500kg. D. 0,690kg.

Cu 2.19Nhm gluxit u tham gia phn ng thu phn lA. Saccaroz, mantoz, glucoz. B. Saccaroz, fructoz, xenluloz.C. Mantoz, tinh bt, xenluloz. D. Saccaroz, glucoz, tinh bt.

Cu 2.20Nhm gluxit u c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng lA. Glucoz, fructoz, saccaroz. B. Glucoz, fructoz, tinh bt.C. Glucoz, fructoz, xenluloz. D. Glucoz, fructoz, mantoz.

Cu 2.21 Cho glucoz ln men to thnh ancol, kh CO2 to thnhc dn qua dung dch nc vi trong d, thu c 50g kt ta,bit hiu sut ln men l 80%, khi lng ancol thu c l

A. 23,0g. B. 18,4g.C. 27,6g. D. 28,0g.

Cu 2.22 Chn s phn ng ng ca glucoz

A. C6H12O6 + Cu(OH)2 kt ta gchB. C6H12O6 m e n CH3CH(OH)COOH

C. C6H12O6 + CuO Dung dch mu xanhD. C6H12O6 m e n C2H5OH + O2

Cu 2.23 Nhm gluxit khi thu phn hon ton u ch to thnhglucoz l:

A. Saccaroz, mantoz, tinh bt.B. Saccaroz, mantoz, xenluloz.C. Mantoz, tinh bt, xenluloz.D. Saccaroz, mantoz, tinh bt, xenluloz.

Cu 2.24 Pht biu no sau y khng ng ?

A. Glucoz v fructoz l ng phn cu to ca nhau.B. Metyl - glucozit khng th chuyn sang dng mch h.C. Trong dung dch, glucoz tn ti dng mch vng u tin hn

dng mch h.

D. C th phn bit glucoz v fructoz bng phn ng trng bc.Cu 2.25 Bit CO2 chim 0,03% th tch khng kh, th tch khngkh (ktc) cn cung cp cho cy xanh quang hp to 162g tinh btl

A. 112.103 lt. B. 448.103 lt.

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C. 336.103 lt. D. 224.103 lt.Cu 2.26 Glucoz tc dng c vi tt c cht trong nhm cht nosau y?

A. H2/Ni , nhit ; Cu(OH)2; [Ag(NH3)2]OH; H2O/H+, nhit .B. [Ag(NH3)2]OH; Cu(OH)2; H2/Ni, un nng; CH3COOH/H2SO4

c, un nng.C. H2/Ni , nhit ; [Ag(NH3)2]OH; NaOH; Cu(OH)2.D. H2/Ni , nhit ; [Ag(NH3)2]OH; Na2CO3; Cu(OH)2.

Cu 2.27 Chn cu pht biu sai:A. Phn bit glucoz v saccaroz bng phn ng trng gng.B. Phn bit mantoz v saccaroz bng phn ng trng gng.

C. Phn bit tinh bt v xenluloz bng I2.D. Phn bit saccaroz v glixerol bng Cu(OH)2.

Cu 2.28 Chn cu pht biu ng:A. Phn bit glucoz v fructoz bng phn ng trng gng.B. Tinh bt c cu trc phn t mch khng phn nhnh.C. Dung dch mantoz c tnh kh v b thu phn thnh glucoz.D. Phn bit saccaroz v glixerol bng phn ng thu phn.

Cu 2.29 Phng trnh: 6nCO2 + 5nH2O asmtClorofin (C6H10O5)n + 6nO2, l phnng ho hc chnh ca qu trnh no sau y?

A. qu trnh h hp. B. qu trnh quang hp.C. qu trnh kh. D. qu trnh oxi ho.

Cu 2.30 Cho s phn ng: Thuc sng khng khi X Y sobit.Tn gi X, Y ln lt l

A. xenluloz, glucoz. B. tinh bt, etanol.

C. mantoz, etanol. D. saccaroz, etanol.Cu 2.31 Phn ng kh glucoz l phn ng no sau y ?A. Glucoz + H2/Ni , to. B. Glucoz + Cu(OH)2.

C. Glucoz + [Ag(NH3)2]OH. D. Glucoz men etanol.

Cu 2.32 iu ch 45g axit lactic t tinh bt v qua con ng ln men lactic,hiu sut thu phn tinh bt v ln men lactic tng ng l 90% v 80%. Khilng tinh bt cn dng l

A. 50g. B. 56,25g.

C. 56g. D. 60g.

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Cu 2.33 Phn ng chuyn glucoz, fructoz thnh nhng sn phm ging nhaul

A. phn ng vi Cu(OH)2. B. phn ng trng gng.

C. phn ng vi H2/Ni. to. D. phn ng vi kim loi Na.Cu 2.34 Thuc th phn bit glucoz vi fructoz l

A. [Ag(NH3)2]OH. B. Cu(OH)2.C. dung dch Br2. D. H2.

Cu 2.35 Cacbohirat (gluxit) l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc v c cng thcchung l

A. Cn(H2O)m. B. C.nH2O.C. CxHyOz. D. R(OH)x(CHO)y.

Cu 2.36 Cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to ca xenluloz ln lt lA. (C6H12O6)n, [C6H7O2(OH)3]n. B. (C6H10O5)n, [C6H7O2(OH)3]n.C. [C6H7O2(OH)3]n,(C6H10O5)n. D. (C6H10O5)n, [C6H7O2(OH)2]n.

Cu 2.37 Mt polisaccarit (C6H10O5)n c khi lng phn t l 162000u, n c gitr l

A. 900. B. 950.C. 1000. D. 1500.

Cu 2.38 Gluxit khng th thu phn c na lA. Glucoz, mantoz. B. Glucoz, tinh bt.C. Glucoz, xenluloz. D. Glucoz, fructoz.

Cu 2.39 Cacbohirat khi thu phn to ra 2 phn t monosaccarit lA. Saccaroz, tinh bt. B. saccaroz, xenluloz.C. Mantoz, saccaroz. D. Saccaroz, glucoz.

Cu 2.40 Saccaroz v glucoz c c im ging nhau l

A. u ly t c ci ng.B. u tham gia phn ng trng gng.C. u ho tan Cu(OH)2 nhit thng to dung dch mu xanh c trng.D. u c trong bit dc huyt thanh ngt.

Cu 2.41 Polisaccarit khi thu phn n cng to ra nhiu monosaccarit lA. Tinh bt, amiloz. B. Tinh bt, xenluloz.C. Xenluloz, amiloz. D. Xenluloz, amilopectin.

Cu 2.42 Cht khng phn ng vi glucoz lA. [Ag(NH3)2]OH. B. Cu(OH)2.

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C. H2/Ni. D. I2.Cu 2.43 Trong mu ngi, nng ca glucoz c gi tr hu nh khng i l

A. 0,1%. B. 0,2%.

C. 0,3%. D. 0,4%.Cu 2.44 xc nh trong nc tiu ca ngi b bnh tiu ng c cha mtlng nh glucoz, c th dng 2 phn ng ho hc l

A. phn ng trng gng, phn ng cng hiro.B. phn ng trng gng, phn ng ln men ru etylic.C. phn ng trng gng, phn ng kh Cu(OH)2.

D. phn ng trng gng, phn ng thu phn.Cu 2.45 Sobit (sobitol) l sn phm ca phn ng

A. kh glucoz bng H2/Ni, to.B. oxi ho glucoz bng [Ag(NH3)2]OH.C. ln men ru etylic.

D. glucoz tc dng vi Cu(OH)2.Cu 2.46 Gluxit chuyn ho thnh glucoz trong mi trng kim l

A. saccaroz. B. mantoz.C. fructoz. D. tinh bt.

Cu 2.47 Tinh bt trong go np cha khong 98% lA. amiloz. B. amilopectin.C. glixerol. D. alanin.

Cu 2.48 Phn ng chng t glucoz c nhiu nhm OH cc nguyn t cacbonlin tip nhau l phn ng vi

A. dung dch AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3.

B. Cu(OH)2 nhit thng.

C. tc dng vi axit to este c 5 gc axit.D. Cu(OH)2 nhit cao.Cu 2.49 Phn ng chng minh glucoz c nhm chc anehit l

A. tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 to dung dch c mu xanh c trng.

B. tc dng vi axit to sobitol.C. phn ng ln men ru etylic.D. phn ng trng gng.

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Cu 2.50 Phn t glucoz tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 cho , vy trong phn t Tng t nh glucoz, cng vi hiro cho , b oxi ho bi trong mitrng baz. Cacbohirat l nhng v a s chng c cng thc chung l

(1) dung dch mu xanh lam; (2) c nhiu nhm OH; (3) v tr k nhau;

(4) fructoz; (5) poliancol; (6) phc bc amoniac; (7) hp cht hu c tp chc;(8) Cn(H2O)m.T hay cm t thch hp nhng ch trng trong cc cu on vn trn ln ltl

A. (2), (3), (1), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8).B. (1), (2), (4), (5), (3), (6), (7), (8).

C. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8).D. (1), (2), (3), (4), (8), (6), (7), (5).

Cu 2.51 Khi no bnh nhn c truyn trc tip dung dch glucoz (cn cgi vi bit danh huyt thanh ngt).

A. Khi bnh nhn c lng glucoz trong mu > 0,1%.

B. Khi bnh nhn c lng glucoz trong mu < 0,1%.C. Khi bnh nhn c lng glucoz trong mu = 0,1%.

D. Khi bnh nhn c lng glucoz trong mu t 0,1% 0,2%.Cu 2.52 Phng php iu ch etanol no sau y ch dng trong phng th

nghim ?A. Ln men glucoz.B. Thu phn dn xut etyl halogenua trong mi trng kim.C. Cho etilen tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long, nng.D. Cho hn hp etilen v hi nc qua thp cha H3PO4.

Cu 2.53 Fructoz khng phn ng vi cht no sau y?A. H2/Ni, to. B. Cu(OH)2.

C. dung dch brom. D. AgNO3/NH3.Cu 2.54 Phn ng no sau y chng t glucoz c dng mch vng?

A. phn ng vi Cu(OH)2. B. phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3.C. phn ng vi H2/Ni, to. D. phn ng vi CH3OH/HCl.

II- BI TP NNG CAO

Cu 2.55 Phn ng tng hp glucoz trong cy xanh cn c cung cp nnglng l 2813kJ cho mi mol glucoz to thnh.

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6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

Nu trong mt pht, mi cm2 l xanh nhn c khong 2,09J nng lng mttri, nhng ch 10% c s dng vo phn ng tng hp glucoz. Vi mt ngynng (t 6h00 17h00) din tch l xanh l 1m2, lng glucoz tng hp cbao nhiu?

A. 88,26g. B. 88.32g.C. 90,26g. D. 90,32g.

Cu 2.56 Cho 10kg glucoz cha 10% tp cht, ln men thnh ancol etylic. Trongqu trnh ch bin, ancol b hao ht 5%. Khi lng ancol etylic thu c bngbao nhiu?

A. 4,65kg. B. 4,37kg.

C. 6,84kg. D. 5,56kg.Cu 2.57 Ln men a g glucoz, cho ton b lng CO2 sinh ra hp th vo dungdch nc vi trong to thnh 10g kt ta. Khi lng dung dch so vi ban ugim 3,4g. Bit hiu sut ca qu trnh ln men l 90%, gi tr ca a l

A. 12. B. 13.C. 14. D. 15.

Cu 2.58 Cho 4 cht hu c X, Y, Z, T. Khi oxi ho hon ton tng cht u chocng kt qu: C to ra 4,4g CO2 th km theo 1,8g H2O v cn mt th tch oxi

va ng bng th tch CO2 thu c. T l phn t khi ca X, Y, Z, T ln lt l6:1:3:2 v s nguyn t cacbon trong mi cht khng nhiu hn 6. Cng thcphn t ca X, Y, Z, T ln lt l

A. C6H12O6, C3H6O3, CH2O, C2H4O2. B. C6H12O6, C3H6O3, C2H4O2, CH2O.C. C6H12O6, CH2O, C3H6O3, C2H4O2. D. C6H12O6, CH2O, C2H4O2, C3H6O3.

Cu 2.59 Saccaroz u tc dng c vi nhm cht no sau y ?(1) H2/Ni, to; (2) Cu(OH)2; (3) [Ag(NH3)2]OH; (4) CH3COOH (H2SO4 c)

A. (1), (2). B. (2), (4).

C. (2), (3). D. (1), (4).Cu 2.60 Mt cacbohirat (Z) c cc phn ng din ra theo s chuyn ho sau

ZCu(OH)2/NaOH to

Vy Z khng th lA. glucoz. B. saccaroz.C. fructoz. D. mantoz.

35

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Cu 2.61 t chy hon ton 0,01 mol mt cacbohirat (X), thu c 5,28g CO 2v 1,98g H2O. Bit rng, t l khi lng H v O trong X l 0,125:1. Cng thcphn t ca X l

A. C6H12O6. B. C12H24O12.

C. C12H22O11. D. (C6H10O5)n.Cu 2.62 Cho m g tinh bt ln men sn xut ancol etylic, ton b lng CO 2sinh ra cho qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 750,0g kt ta. Bit hiu sutmi giai on ln men l 80%. Gi tr m cn dng l bao nhiu ?

A. 940,0. B. 949,2.

C. 950,5. D. 1000,0.Cu 2.63 Cho s chuyn i sau (E, Q, X, Y, Z l hp cht hu c, mi mitn biu th mt phn ng ho hc). Cng thc ca E, Q, X, Y, Z ph hp vi s sau l

E

Q

CO2

C2H5OH

X

Z

Y

E Q X Y Z

A. C12H22O11 C6H12O6 CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 CH3COONaB. (C6H10O5)n C6H12O6 CH3CHO CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5C. (C6H10O5)n C6H12O6 CH3CHO CH3COONH4 CH3COOH

D. A, B, C u sai.

Cu 2.64 Xenluloz trinitrat l cht d chy v n mnh, c u ch txenluloz v axit nitric. Mun iu ch 29,70kg xenluloz trinitrat (hiu sut

90%) th th tch axit nitric 96% (D=1,52 g/ml) cn dng l bao nhiu ?A. 14,39 lt. B. 15,00 lt.C. 15,39 lt. D. 24,39 lt.

Cu 2.65 Chn cu ng trong cc cu sau:A. Xenluloz v tinh bt c phn t khi nh.B. Xenluloz c phn t khi nh hn tinh bt.C. Xenluloz v tinh bt c phn t khi gn bng nhau.D. Xenluloz v tinh bt u c phn t khi rt ln, nhng phn t khi caxenluloz ln hn nhiu so vi tinh bt.

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A. C12H22O11. B. C6H12O6.C. (C6H10O5)n. D. C18H36O18.

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P N V HNG DN GII CHNG II

2.1A

2.2B

2.3C

2.4D

2.5C

2.6C

2.7A

2.8C

2.9B

2.10D

2.11B

2.12C

2.13A

2.14A

2.15A

2.16B

2.17D

2.18B

2.19C

2.20D

2.21A

2.22B

2.23C

2.24D

2.25B

2.26B

2.27D

2.28C

2.29B

2.30A

2.31A

2.32B

2.33C

2.34C

2.35A

2.36B

2.37C

2.38D

2.39C

2.40C

2.41B

2.42D

2.43A

2.44C

2.45A

2.46C

2.47B

2.48B

2.49D

2.50C

2.51B 2.52B 2.53C 2.54D 2.55A 2.56B 2.57D 2.58C 2.59B 2.60B2.61

C2.62

B2.63

B2.64

A2.65

D2.66

A2.67

A2.68

B2.69

C2.70

C2.71

A2.72

A

CHNG III. AMIN AMINO AXIT PROTEIN

A MT S VN L THUYT CN NM VNG1. Cu to phn t: Cc nhm c trng

R NH2; R CH COOH;

RNH2

H2 N CH CO NH CH COOH

1 Rn

...

amin - amino axit peptit

2. Tnh chta) Tnh cht ca nhm NH2+ Tnh baz

R NH2 + H2O [R NH3]+ + OH-

Tc dng vi axit cho mui:

R NH2 + HCl [R NH3]+Cl-

Lu : Miyu t lm tng mt electron nguyn t nit trong phn t amin

trung ho ni chung u lm tng tnh baz (tr trng hp chu nh hng cahiu ng che chn khng gian v kh nng solvat ho trong dung mi nc).

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+ -ClC H N N6 5 + H2O

0t C6H5OH + N2+ HCl (2*)

Lu : Trong cng thc phn t khng cn vit cc phn ng (1* v 2*), ch cn

nu hin tng.Amin bc 2Cc amin bc 2 thuc dy thm hay dy bo u d dng phn ng vi HNO2

to thnh nitrozamin (Nitroso) mu vng:

R(R)N H +HO N=O R(R)N N =O + H2O

(Nitroso mu vng)

Amin bc 3: Khng phn ng (khng c hin tng g).

+ Tc dng vi dn xut halogen:R NH2 + CH3I R NHCH3 + HI

b) Amino axit c tnh cht ca nhm COOHTnh axit

RCH(NH2)COOH + NaOH RCH(NH2)COONa + H2OPhn ng este ho:

RCH(NH2)COOH + R OH RCH(NH2)COOR + H2OH2SO41 1

c) Amino axit c phn ng gia nhm COOH v nhm NH2To mui ni (ion lng cc):

R

H2 N CH COOH

R

H3N+ CH COO-

Phn ng trng ngng ca cc - v - amino axit to poliamit:

nH2 N [CH2]5 COOH NH [CH2]5 CO + nH2Oto

n

d) Protein c phn ng ca nhm peptit CO-NH

+ Phn ng thu phn:

R

HN CH CO NH CH COOH + nH2O3 Rn

...

R2HN CH CO

R1H2 N CH CO

H2SO4hay enzim

R1H2 N CH COOH

R2H2 N CH COOH

R3H2 N CH COOH

RnH2 N CH2 COOH+ + + +...

+ Phn ng mu vi Cu(OH)2 cho dung dch mu xanh tm (dng nhn bitprotein).e) Anilin v nhiu protein c phn ng th d dng nguyn t H ca vng

benzen

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+ 3Br2(dd) + 3HBr(dd)

NH2BrBr

NH2

Br

(dd)


1. C2H5NH2 + HONONaNO +HCl

2 C2H5OH + N2+ H2O

2. C6H5NH2+HONO+HClNaNO +HCl

2

+ -ClC H N N6 5 +2H2O

3.

+ -ClC H N N6 5 + H2O C6H5OH + N2+ HCl

4. R(R)N H +HO N=O0t R(R)N N =O + H2O

(nitroso mu vng)

5. CH3 NH2 + H2O CH3 NH3+ + OH-

6. CH3NH2 + HCOOH HCOONH3CH3metylamoni fomiat

7. C6H5NH2 + HCl C6H5NH3Clphenylamoni clorua8. CH3NH3Cl + NaOH CH3NH2 + NaCl + H2O9. C6H5NH2 + CH3COOH CH3COONH3C6H510. C6H5NH2 + H2SO4 C6H5NH3HSO411. 2C6H5NH2 + H2SO4 [C6H5NH3]2SO412.

H2N

H2N SO3H+ H

2SO

4 + H2O180oC

13.

+ 3Br2(dd) + 3HBr(dd)

NH2BrBr

NH2

Br

(dd)

14. RNO2 + 6 [ ]H Fe +HCl RNH2 + 2H2O

15. C6H5NO2 + 6 [ ]H Fe +HCl C6H5NH2 + 2H2O

42

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Cng c th vit:16. RNO2 + 6HCl + 3Fe RNH2 + 3FeCl2 + 2H2O

17. R OH + NH3Al O P2 3, RNH2 + H2O

18. 2R OH + NH3

Al O P2 3,

(R)2NH + 2H2O19. 3R OH + NH3

Al O P2 3, (R)3N + 3H2O

20. R Cl + NH3 2 50C H OH

100 C R NH2 + HCl

21. R NH2 + HCl R NH3Cl

22. R Cl + NH3 2 50C H OH

100 C R NH3Cl

23. R NH3Cl + NaOH R NH2 + NaCl + H2O24. 2R Cl + NH3 2 50

C H OH

100 C (R)2 NH + 2HCl

25. 3R Cl + NH3 2 50C H OH100 C (R)3 N + 3HCl

26. H2NRCOOH H2NRCOO- + H+ H3N

+R COO-

27. H2NR(COOH)a + aNaOH H2N(COONa)a + aH2O28. 2(H2N)bR(COOH)a + aBa(OH)2 [(H2N)bR(COO)a]2Baa + 2aH2O

29. H2NRCOOH + Na H2NRCOONa +1

2H2

30. (H2N)b R (COOH)a + aNa (H2N)bR(COONa)a +

a

2 H231. 2(H2N)bR(COOH)a + aNa2O 2(H2N)b R(COONa)a + aH2O

32. H2 NRCOOH + ROH HCl

H2 NRCOOR + H2O

33. H2 NRCOOH + ROH + HCl HCl

[H3N+RCOOR]Cl- + H2O

34. [H3N+RCOOR]Cl- + NH3 H2 NRCOOR + NH4Cl35. H2 NRCOOH + HCl ClH3NRCOOH36. 2(H2N)bR(COOH)a + bH2SO4 [(H3N)bR(COOH)a]2(SO4)b

37. ClH3 NRCOOH + 2NaOH H2 NRCOONa + NaCl + H2O38. H2 NRCOOH + HONO HCl HORCOOH + N2 + H2O

39.nH2N[CH2]5COOH NH[CH2]5CO n + nH2O

xt, to, p

40.nH2N[CH2]6COOH

xt, to, pHN[CH2]6CO + nH2On

41. CH3CH(Br)COOH + 3NH3 CH3CH(NH2)COONH4 + NH4Br

C- BI TP TRC NGHIM

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I- BI TP C BN

Cu 3.1 S sp xp theo trt t tng dn tnh baz gia etylamin, phenylamin v

amoniac ng lA. amoniac < etylamin < phenylamin. B. etylamin < amoniac < phenylamin.C. phenylamin < amoniac < etylamin. D. phenylamin < etylamin < amoniac.

Cu 3.2 Cch thun li nht nhn bit l ng dung dch CH3NH2 lA. nhn bit bng mi.B. thm vi git dung dch H2SO4.C. thm vi git dung dch Na2CO3D. a u a thu tinh nhng vo dung dch HCl m c ln pha trn

ming l ng dung dch CH3NH2.Cu 3.3 S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C3H9N l

A. 2. B. 3.C. 4. D. 5.

Cu 3.4 S lng ng phn amin bc 2 ng vi cng thc phn t C4H11N lA. 2. B. 3.C. 4. D. 5.

Cu 3.5 S lng ng phn amin c cha vng benzen ng vi cng thc phnt C7H9N l

A. 2. B. 3.C. 4. D. 5.

Cu 3.6 Amino axit l mt hp cht hu c tp chc, trong phn t ca n va cnhm (1)va c nhm (2)nn va c tnh cht (3)va c tnh cht(4). Amino axit thng tn ti di dng (5)cn bng vi dng (6)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

A. amin cacbonyl oxi ho Axit phn t phn tB. amino cacboxyl baz Axit

ion lngcc

phn t

C. hiroxyl metylen kh oxi ho cation anion

D. xeton metyl axit lng tnh nguyn t cation

Cu 3.7 C 3 cht hu c gm NH2CH2COOH, CH3CH2COOH vCH3[CH2]3NH2. nhn ra dung dch ca cc hp cht trn, ch cn dng thucth no sau y?

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A. NaOH. B. HCl.C. CH3OH/HCl. D. qu tm.

Cu 3.8 Este A c iu ch t amino axit B (ch cha C, H, O, N) v ancolmetylic. T khi hi ca A so vi H2 l 44,5. t chy hon ton 8,9g este A thuc 13,2g CO2, 6,3g H2O v 1,12 lt N2 (ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca A,B ln lt l

A. CH(NH2)2COOCH3; CH(NH2)2COOH.B. CH2(NH2)COOH; CH2(NH2)COOCH3.C. CH2(NH2)COOCH3; CH2(NH2)COOH.

D. CH(NH2)2COOH; CH(NH2)2COOCH3.Cu 3.9 Thuc th no di y dng phn bit cc dung dch glucoz,

glixerol, etanol v lng trng trng?A. NaOH. B. AgNO3/NH3.C. Cu(OH)2. D. HNO3.

Cu 3.10 Khi thu phn 500g protein A thu c 170g alanin. Nu phn t khica A l 50.000, th s mt xch alanin trong phn t A l bao nhiu?

A. 189. B. 190.C. 191. D. 192.

Cu 3.11 Cht no sau y khng c phn ng vi dung dch C2H5NH2 trongH2O?

A. HCl. B. H2SO4.C. NaOH. D. qu tm.

Cu 3.12 Glixin phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong nhm cht no sau y(iu kin phn ng xem nh c ):

A. Qu tm , HCl , NH3 , C2H5OH.

B. NaOH, HCl, C2H5OH, CH2 COOH.

NH2

C. Phenoltalein , HCl , C2H5OH , Na.D. Na , NaOH , Br2 , C2H5OH.

Cu 3.13 Tm cng thc cu to ca hp cht hu c X cha 32% C; 6,667% H;42,667% O; 18,666% N. Bit phn t X c mt nguyn t N v X c kh nngtham gia phn ng trng ngng.

A. H2NCH2COOH. B. C2H5NO2.

C. HCOONH3CH3. D. CH3COONH4.

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Cu 3.14 Hp cht hu c A c cng thc phn t l C3H7O2N, A tc dng cvi dung dch NaOH, dung dch HCl v lm mt mu dung dch brom. Cng thccu to ng ca A l

A. CH3CH(NH2)COOH. B. CH2=CHCOONH4.

C. HCOOCH2CH2NH2. D. H2NCH2CH2COOH.Cu 3.15 Cho cc cht: etylen glicol (1), axit aminoaxetic (2), axitoxalic (3), axit acrylic (4). Nhng cht c th tham gia phn ngtrng ngng l

A. (1), (2), (3). B. (1), (2).

C. Ch c (2). D. C bn cht.Cu 3.16 C cc dung dch cha trong cc l mt nhn sau: Lng trng trng, htinh bt, glixerol. Thuc th c th dng phn bit cc dung dch trn l

A. Cu(OH)2. B. I2.C. AgNO3. D. c A, B u ng.

Cu 3.17 S ng phn ca hp cht hu c thm c cng thc phn t C7H7NO2l

A. 7. B. 6.C. 5. D. 8.

Cu 3.18 S ng phn ca cc cht c cng thc phn t C4H10O (1), C4H9Cl (2),

C4H10 (3), C4H11N (4) theo chiu tng dn lA. (3), (2), (1), (4). B. (4), (1), (2), (3).

C. (2), (4), (1), (3). D. (4), (3), (2), (1).Cu 3.19 Cho s phn ng:

C9H17O4N (X) NaOH C5H7O4NNa2 (Y) + 2C2H5OH.

Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X, Y ln lt lA. C2H5OOCCH2CH(NH2)CH2COOC2H5, NaOOCCH2CH(NH2)CH2COONa.

B. CH3OOCCH2CH(NH2)CH2COOC3H7, NaOOCCH2CH(NH2)CH2COONa.C. HOOCCH2CH(NH2)CH2COOC4H9, NaOOCCH2CH(NH2)CH2COONa.

D. CH3OOCCH2CH(NH2)CH2COOCH(CH3)2,NaOOCCH2CH(NH2)CH2COONa.

Cu 3.20 Chn pht biu ng v hp cht tp chc:A. Hp cht hu c c t hai loi nhm chc tr ln.B. Hp cht hu c c t hai nhm chc tr ln.

C. Hp cht hu c c nhiu nhm chc.D. Hp cht hu c c hai nhm chc.

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Cu 3.21 Trong s sau, cng thc cu to thu gn ph hp ca A, B, C, D, Eln lt l

Etan +2Cl1:1 A+ddNaOH B

+2OCu C +

+22O

MnD +2Cl1:1 E

+

3NH

Glixin.A. C2H5Cl, C2H5OH , CH3CHO, CH3COOH , CH3COOCl.B.C2H5Cl, C2H5OH , CH3CHO, CH3COOH, CH2ClCOOH.C. C2H5Cl, C2H5OH , CH3 COCH3, CH3COOH, CH2ClCOOH.D. C2H5Cl, C2H5OH , CH3COOH, CH3COCH3, CH2ClCOOH.

Cu 3.22 Cho 3 cht hu c: NH2CH2COOH (1); CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2 (2);CH3CH2COOH (3). Nhit nng chy ca chng c xp theo trnh t gimdn l

A. (2) < (3) < (1). B. (1) > (3) > (2).C. (3) < (2) < (1). D. (2) > (1) > (3).

Cu 3.23 Hp cht a chc v hp cht tp chc ging nhau chA. u l hp cht c nhiu nhm chc.

B. u l hp cht cha cc nhm chc ging nhau.

C. phn t lun c lin kt .

D. mch cacbon trong phn t c lin kt .

Cu 3.24 X l mt axit -monoamino monocacboxylic, c t khi hi so vikhng kh l 3,07. X l

A. glixin. B. alanin.

C. axit - aminobutiric. D. axit glutamic.Cu 3.25 Khi un nng cht bo vi dung dch kim ....

A. lun thu c glixerol v phn ng xy ra thun nghch.B. lun thu c glixerol, phn ng xy ra nhanh hn v mt chiu.

C. lun thu c mui ca axit bo v phn ng xy ra thun nghch.D. lun thu c x phng, phn ng xy ra chm hn.Chn mt phng n trong s cc phng n trn in vo ch trng trong

cu sao cho ng ngha ho hc.Cu 3.26 Amino axit l

A. hp cht hu c a chc, c cha 2 nhm chc COOH v NH2.

B. hp cht hu c a chc, c cha 2 loi nhm chc COOH v NH2.

C. hp cht hu c tp chc, c cha 2 nhm chc COOH v NH2.D. hp cht hu c tp chc, c cha 2 loi nhm chc COOH v NH2.

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Cu 3.27 Cng thc tng qut ca amino axit lA. RCH(NH2)COOH. B. R(NH2)x(COOH)y.C. R(NH2)(COOH). D. RCH(NH3Cl)COOH.

Cu 3.28 Chn cu pht biu sai:A. Amino axit l hp cht hu c tp chc.B. Tnh baz ca C6H5NH2 yu hn NH3.

C. Cng thc tng qut ca amin no, mch h, n chc l CnH2n + 3N (n 1).D. Dung dch ca cc amino axit u lm qu tm chuyn sang mu .

Cu 3.29 Hai phng trnh phn ng ho hc sau, chng minh c nhn nhrng:

H2NCH2COOH + NaOH H2NCH2COONa + H2O.

H2NCH2COOH + HCl HOOCCH2NH3Cl.A. Glixin l mt axit. B. Glixin l mt baz.C. Glixin l mt cht lng tnh. D. Glixin l mt cht trung tnh.

Cu 3.30 Hp cht hu c X c cng thc cu to thu gn:HOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH. Tn gi ca X l

A. glixin. B. alanin.C. axit aipic. D. axit glutamic.

Cu 3.31 Cho s chuyn ho sau:

X Y CH3 CH COO C2H5H2SO4

- Na2SO4

C2H5OH, H2SO4, to

NH3HSO4

- Na2SO4

Cng thc cu to ph hp ca X, Y ln lt lA. CH3 CH COONa, CH3 CH COOH.

NH2 NH2

B. CH3 CH COONa, CH3 CH COOH.

NH3HSO4 NH2C. CH3 CH COONa, CH3 CH COOH.

NH2 NH3HSO4

D. CH3 CH COOH, CH3 CH COOH.

NH3HSO4 NH2

Cu 3.32 Phng trnh phn ng ho hc sau chng minh c rng:

H2NCH2COOH + C2H5OH H2NCH2COOC2H5 + H2O.H+, to

A. H ni vi O ca ancol linh ng hn axit. B. Glixin c nhm NH2.C. H ni vi O ca axit linh ng hn ancol. D. Glixin c nhm COOH.

Cu 3.33 iu khng nh no sau y l sai ?

A. Phn t khi ca mt amin n chc lun l s chn.B. Amino axit c tnh lng tnh.

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C. Amino axit tham gia phn ng trng ngng.D. Amin n chc u cha mt s l nguyn t H trong phn t.

Cu 3.34 Mui ca axit glutamic dng lm bt ngt (cn gi l m chnh), ccng thc cu to thu gn l

A. HOOC CH2 CH2 CH(NH2) COOH.B. NaOOC CH2 CH2 CH(NH2) COOH.C. HOOC CH2 CH2 CH(NH2) COONH4.D. NaOOC CH2 CH2 CH(NH2) COONa.

Cu 3.35 Cng thc cu to thu gn ca axit 2 amino 3 phenylpropanoic lA. CH2 CH COOH.

C. CH3 CH2 CH COOH.

NH2 C6H5

C6H5 NH2

B. CH2 CH COOH.

D. CH3 CH2 CH COOH.

C6H5 NH2

NH2 C6H5Cu 3.36 Chn cu pht biu sai:

A. Protein c trong mi b phn ca c th ng vt l hp cht hu c achc.B. Cc protein u cha cc nguyn t C , H , O , N.C. nhit thng di tc dng ca men, protein b thu phn to ra ccamino axit.D. Mt s protein b ng t khi un nng.

Cu 3.37 iu ch glixin theo s : Axit axetic axit cloaxetic glixin.Cn dng thm cc cht phn ng no sau y (khng k xc tc):

A. Hiroclorua v amoniac. B. Clo v amin.

C. Axit clohiric v mui amoni. D. Clo v amoniac.Cu 3.38 Tnh baz ca amin no trong s cc amin sau y l yu nht ?

A. anilin. B. iphenylamin.C. triphenylamin. D. khng xc nh c.

Cu 3.39 Sn phm ca phn ng este ho gia amino axit X v metanol thu ceste c t khi hi so vi propin bng 2,225. Tn gi ca X l

A. alanin. B. glixin.C. axit glutamic. D. tt c A, B, C u sai.

Cu 3.40 Cho dung dch metylamin n d vo cc dung dch sau: FeCl3, CuSO4,Zn(NO3)2, CH3COOK th s lng kt ta thu c l

A. 0. B. 1.

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C. 2. D. 3.Cu 3.41 Cho 15g hn hp cc amin gm anilin, metylamin, imetylamin,ietylmetylamin tc dng va vi 50ml dung dch HCl 1M. Khi lng snphm thu c c gi tr l

A. 16,825g. B. 20,18g.C. 21,123g. D. khng d kin tnh.

Cu 3.42 Cho dung dch metylamin n d vo cc dung dch sau:(CH3COO)2Cu, (CH3COO)2Pb, (CH3COO)2Mg, CH3COOAg, th s lng kt tathu c l

A. 0. B. 1.C. 2. D. 3.

Cu 3.43 Khi nu canh cua, riu cua ni ln c gii thch l do:A. Cc cht bn trong cua cha c lm sch ht.B. C phn ng ho hc ca NaCl vi cht c trong nc lc khi xay (gi)cua.

C. S ng t ca protit.D. Tt c cc nguyn nhn nu A, B, C.

Cu 3.44 iu ch anilin bng cch kh nitrobenzen th dng cht kh no sauy ?

A. NH3. B. kh H2.C. cacbon. D. Fe + dung dch HCl.

Cu 3.45 Hn hp (X) gm hai amin n chc. Cho 1,52g X tc dng va vi200ml dung dch HCl thu c 2,98g mui. Tng s mol hai amin v nng mol/l ca dung dch HCl l

A. 0,04 mol v 0,2M. B. 0,02 mol v 0,1M.C. 0,06 mol v 0,3M. D. kt qu khc.

Cu 3.46 Cho 3,04g hn hp Y gm hai amin n chc, no, mch h tc dngva vi dung dch HCl thu c 5,96g mui. Bit trong hn hp, s mol haiamin bng nhau. Cng thc phn t ca hai amin l

A. CH5N v C2H7N. B. C 3H9N v C2H7N.C. C3H9N v C4H11N. D. kt qu khc.

Cu 3.47 Hp cht hu c (X) c cng thc phn t CxHyNO c khi lng phnt bng 113u. X c c im cu to v cc tnh cht sau: phn t c mch cacbonkhng phn nhnh, khng lm mt mu dung dch Br2, khi tc dng vi dung dch

NaOH ch thu c sn phm hu c duy nht. Ngoi ra, X cn c kh nng thamgia phn ng trng hp. Cng thc cu to ca X l

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CH2 CH2 CH2

CH2 CH2 NHC = O.A. B. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 C NH2.

O

C. H2N[CH2]4 CHO. D. kt qu khc.Cu 3.48 Hy ch ra cu sai trong cc cu sau:

A. Cc amin u kt hp vi proton.

B. Tnh baz ca cc amin u mnh hn NH3.C. Metylamin c tnh baz mnh hn anilin.D. Cng thc tng qut ca amin no, mch h l CnH2n+2+kNk.

Cu 3.49 t chy hon ton hn hp hai amin no, n chc, l ng ng lintip, thu c 2,24 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 3,6g H2O. Cng thc phn t ca 2 amin

lA. CH5N v C2H7N. B. C 2H7N v C3H9N.C. C3H9N v C4H11N. D. kt qu khc.

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II- BI TP NNG CAO

Cu 3.50 C hai amin bc mt gm A (ng ng ca anilin) v B (ng ngca metylamin). t chy hon ton 3,21g amin A sinh ra kh CO2, hi H2O v336 cm3 kh N2 (ktc). Khi t chy amin B thy 2 2CO H OV : V 2 :3= . Bit rng tnca A c tip u ng para. Cng thc cu to ca A, B ln lt l

NH2

CH3

CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2.,B.

NH2

CH3

C4H9-NH2.,A.

CH3-C6H4-NH2 CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2.,C. CH3-C6H4-NH2 CH3-CH-NH2.CH3

,D.

Cu 3.51 t chy hon ton m g mt amin A bng lng khng kh va , thuc 17,6g kh cacbonic, 12,6g hi nc v 69,44 lt kh nit. Gi thit khng khch gm nit v oxi, trong nit chim 80% th tch (cc V o ktc). Gi tr mv tn gi ca amin l

A. 9, etylamin. B. 7, imetylamin.

C. 8, etylamin. D. 9, etylamin hoc imetylamin.

Cu 3.52 Khi t chy hon ton mt amin n cht X, ngi ta thu c10,125g H2O, 8,4 lt kh CO2 v 1,4 lt N2 (cc V o ktc). X c cng thc phnt l

A. C4H11N. B. C 2H7N.

C. C3H9N. D. C 5H13N.

Cu 3.53 Cho 20g hn hp gm 3 amin no, n chc l ng ng lin tip canhau, tc dng va vi dung dch HCl, c cn dung dch thu c 31,68g hnhp mui. Nu 3 amin trn c trn theo t l s mol 1:10:5 v th t phn t

khi tng dn th cng thc phn t ca 3 amin lA. C2H7N, C3H9N, C4H11N. B. C 3H9N, C4H11N, C5H13N.

C. C3H7N, C4H9N, C5H11N. D. CH 3N, C2H7N, C3H9N.

Cu 3.54 Dung dch X cha HCl v H2SO4 c pH = 2. trung ho hon ton0,59g hn hp 2 amin no, n chc, bc I (c s nguyn t C nh hn hoc bng4) phi dng mt lt dung dch X. Cng thc phn t ca hai amin ln lt l

A. CH3NH2 v C4H9NH2. B. C3H7NH2 v C4H9NH2.

C. C2H5NH2 v C4H9NH2. D. A v C ng.

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50/136

A.khithayth

nguynt hiro

mt hay nhiugc hirocacbon

lungtnh

ng thi nhmcacboxyl vnhm amino

tpchc cacboxyl amino

trngngng

B.khithay

th

cacboxyl mt hay nhiugc hirocacbon

tpchc

ng thi nhmcacboxyl v

nhm amino

aminonguynt hiro

lungtnh

trngngng

C.khithayth

nguynt hiro

mt hay nhiugc hirocacbon

tpchc


amino cacboxyllungtnh

trngngng

D.

nguyn thir

o

khi thayth mt hay nhiu

gc hirocacbontp

chc


amino cacboxyllungtnh

trngngng

Cu 3.60 Amino axit X cha mt nhm chc amin bc I trong phn t. t chy

hon ton mt lng X thu c CO2 v N2 theo t l th tch 4:1. X l hp chtno sau y?A. H2NCH2COOH. B. H2NCH2CH2COOH.C. H2NCH(NH2)COOH. D. tt c u sai.

Cu 3.61 Khi t chy hon ton ng ng X ca axit aminoaxetic, thu c

2 2CO H OV : V 6 : 7= . Cng thc cu to thu gn c th c ca X l

A. CH3CH(NH2)COOH, H2NCH2CH2COOH, CH3NHCH2COOH.

B. H2N[CH2]3COOH, CH3CH(NH2)CH2COOH, CH3NH[CH2]2COOH.C. H2N[CH2]4COOH, H2NCH(NH2)[CH2]2COOH, CH3NH[CH2]3COOH.D. kt qu khc.

Cu 3.62 Hp cht X cha cc nguyn t C, H, O, N v c phn t khi l 89.Khi t chy 1 mol X thu c hi nc, 3 mol CO2 v 0,5 mol N2. Bit rng, Xva tc dng c vi dung dch HCl va tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH,ngoi ra cn tc dng c vi nc brom. X l hp cht no sau y?

A. H2N-CH=CH-COOH. B. CH 2=C(NH2)-COOH.

C. CH2=CH-COONH4. D. c A, B, C u sai.Cu 3.63 Hp cht hu c X c phn t khi nh hn phn t khi ca benzen,ch cha nguyn t C, H, O, N trong hiro chim 9,09%, nit chim 18,18%.t chy 7,7g cht X, thu c 4,928 lt kh CO2 (o 27,3oC, 1atm). Bit X tcdng vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch HCl. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l

A. H2NCH2COOH.B. CH3COONH4 hoc HCOONH3CH3.C. C2H5COONH4 hoc HCOONH3CH3.

D. c A, B, C u sai.

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Cu 3.64 Cho a g hn hp hai amino axit A, B u no, mch h, khng phnnhnh , cha 1 chc axit, 1 chc amino tc dng vi 40,15g dung dch HCl 20%c dung dch A. tc dng ht vi cc cht trong dung dch A, cn 140mldung dch KOH 3M. Mt khc, t chy a g hn hp hai amino axit trn v cho

sn phm chy qua dung dch NaOH d, th thy khi lng bnh ny tng thm32,8g. Bit rng, khi t chy thu c kh nit dng n cht. Cho t l phn tkhi ca chng l 1,37. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca hai amino axit ln lt l

A. H2N[CH2]3COOH, H2NCH2COOH.B. H2NCH2COOH, H2N[CH2]3COOH.C. H2N[CH2]4COOH, H2NCH2COOH.

D. c A, B u ng.Cu 3.65 A l mt amino axit trong phn t ngoi cc nhm cacboxyl v aminokhng c nhm chc no khc. Bit 0,1 mol A phn ng va ht vi 100ml dungdch HCl 1M to ra 18,35g mui. Mt khc, 22,05g A khi tc dng vi mt lngNaOH d, to ra 28,65g mui khan. Bit A c cu to mch khng phn nhnh vnhm amino v tr . Cng thc cu to thu gn ca A l

A. HOOCCH(NH2)COOH. B. HOOCCH2CH(NH2)COOH.C. HOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH. D. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH.

Cu 3.66 X l mt -amino axit no ch cha mt nhm NH2 v mt nhm COOH. Cho 15,1g X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu c 18,75g mui caX. Cng thc cu to ca X l

A. CH3CH(NH2)COOH. B. H2NCH2CH2COOH.C. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH. D. kt qu khc.

Cu 3.67 Chn pht biu sai:A. Thu phn protein bng axit khi un nng s cho mt hn hp cc amino

axit.B. Phn t khi ca mt amino axit (gm mt chc amino v mt chc

cacboxyl) lun lun l s l.C. Cc amino axit u tan trong nc.D. Dung dch amino axit khng lm giy qu i mu.

Cu 3.68 Hy in nhng t hoc cm t thch hp vo cc ch trng cc cusau

- Protein c trong - Cc protein u cha cc nguyn t - nhit thng di tc dng ca men, protein to ra cc amino axit.- Mt s protein b khi un nng hoc khi cho thm mt s ho cht.

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(1) mi b phn ca c th; (2) b thu phn; (3) cacbon, hiro, oxi, nit; (4) ngtNhng t hoc cm t thch hp theo trnh t t trn xung l

A. (1), (2), (3), (4). B. (1), (3), (2), (4).C. (1), (4), (3), (2). D. (4), (2), (3), (1).

Cu 3.69 Cu khng nh no sau y lun ng:A. Phn t khi ca mt amin n chc lun l s chn.B. Amin lun lun phn ng vi H+.

C. Mi amin n chc u cha mt s l s nguyn t H trong phn t.D. B v C u ng.

Cu 3.70 Cho cc cht: (1) amoniac; (2) anilin; (3) p-nitroanilin; (4) p-

nitrotoluen; (5) metylamin; (6) imetylamin. Trnh t tnh baz tng dn theochiu t tri sang phi l

A. (1) < (4) < (3) < (2) < (5) < (6). B. (2) < (1) < (3) < (4) < (5) < (6).

C. (4) < (3) < (2) < (1) < (5) < (6). D. (1) < (2) < (4) < (3) < (5) < (6).Cu 3.71 t chy hon ton 0,02 mol mt amin bc I (X) vi lng oxi va ,thu ton b sn phm qua bnh cha nc vi trong d, thy khi lng bnh ngnc vi trong tng 3,2g v cn li 0,448 lt (ktc) mt kh khng b hp th, khilc dung dch thu c 4,0g kt ta. X c cng thc cu to no sau y?

A. CH3CH2NH2. B. H2NCH2CH2NH2.C. CH3CH(NH2)2. D. B, C u ng.

Cu 3.72 Amino axit (Y) c cng thc dng NCxHy(COOH)m. Ly mt lng axitaminoaxetic (X) v 3,82g (Y). Hai cht (X) v (Y) c cng s mol. t chy honton lng (X) v (Y) trn, th tch kh oxi cn dng t chy ht (Y) nhiuhn t chy ht (X) l 1,344 lt (ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca (Y) l

A. CH3NHCH2COOH. B. H2NCH2CH2COOH.C. N(CH2COOH)3. D. NC4H8(COOH)2.

Cu 3.73 Hp cht X cha cc nguyn t C, H, O, N vi t l khi lng tngng l 3:1:4:7. Bit phn t X c 2 nguyn t nit. Cng thc phn t ca X l

A. CH4ON2. B. C3H8ON2.C. C3H8O2N2. D. kt qu khc.

56


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P N V HNG DN GII CHNG III

3.1C

3.2D

3.3C

3.4B

3.5D

3.6B

3.7D

3.8C

3.9C

3.10C

3.11C

3.12B

3.13A

3.14B

3.15A

3.16A

3.17A

3.18A

3.19A

3.20A

3.21B

3.22B

3.23A

3.24B

3.25B

3.26D

3.27B

3.28D

3.29C

3.30D

3.31C

3.32D

3.33A

3.34B

3.35B

3.36A

3.37D

3.38C

3.39B

3.40B

3.41A

3.42C

3.43C

3.44D

3.45A

3.46A

3.47A

3.48B

3.49A

3.50B

3.51D

3.52C

3.53A

3.54D

5.55C

3.56D

3.57D

3.58C

3.59C

3.60A

3.61A

3.62C

3.63B

3.64D

3.65C

3.66D

3.67D

3.68B

3.69D

3.70C

3.71D

3.72C

3.73A

CHNG IV. POLIME

A- MT S VN L THUYT CN NM VNG

1. Khi nim v polimePolime l cc hp cht c phn t khi rt ln do nhiu n v nh gi l mt

xch lin kt vi nhau to nn.- S mt xch (n) trong phn t polime c gi l h s polime ho hay

polime ho.- Theo ngun gc, ta phn bit polime thin nhin, polime tng hp, polime

nhn to (bn tng hp).- Theo phn ng polime ho, ta phn bit polime trng hp v polime trng

ngng.

Phn ng

Mc so snh

Trng hp Trng ngng

nh ngha L qu trnh kt hp

nhiu phn t nh gingnhau hoc tng t nhau

L qu trnh kt hp

nhiu phn t nh thnhphn t ln (polime),

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(monome) thnh phn tln (polime)

ng thi gii phngnhng phn t nh (nhH2O,)

Qu trnh

n Monome Polime n Monome Polime+

nH2OSn phm Polime trng hp Polime trng ngngKhi lung n.M = M.n n.M = M.n + n.18

iu kin ca monomeC lin kt i hoc vngkhng bn

C hai nhm chc ckh nng phn ng trln

2. Cu trc

- Phn t polime c th tn ti dng mch khng phn nhnh, dng mchphn nhnh v dng mch khng gian.

- Phn t polime c th c cu to iu ho (nu cc mt xch ni vi nhautheo mt trt t xc nh) v khng iu ho (nu cc mt xch ni vi nhaukhng theo mt trt t no c).

3. Tnh chta) Tnh cht vt l

Hu ht polime l cht rn, khng bay hi, khng c nhit nng chy xc nh,mt s tan trong cc dung mi hu c. a s polime c tnh do; mt s polimec tnh n hi, mt s c tnh dai, bn, c th ko thnh si.b) Tnh cht ho hc: c 3 loi phn ng

- Phn ng ct mch polime: Polime b gii trng nhit thch hp. Polimec nhm chc trong mch nh CO-NH, -COOCH2- d b thu phn khi c mtaxit hay baz.

- Phn ng gi nguyn mch polime: Phn ng cng vo lin kt i hoc thayth cc nhm chc ngoi mch.

Th d:CH2 CH

OH

+ nNaOH + nCH3COONato

CH CH2

OCOCH3

n n

- Phn ng khu mch polime: Phn ng to cu ni gia cc mch (cu -S-S-hay -CH2-) thnh polime mng khng gian hoc phn ng ko di thm mchpolime.4. Khi nim v cc vt liu polime

- Cht do: vt liu polime c tnh do.- T: vt liu polime hnh si, di v mnh.

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- Cao su: vt liu c tnh n hi.- Keo dn hu c: vt liu polime c kh nng kt ni chc chn hai mnh vt

liu khc.- Vt liu compozit: vt liu t hp gm polime lm nha nn v cc vt liu

v c, hu c khc.


1. Nhaa) Nha PE

nCH2 CH2 CH2 CH2xt, to, p

n

etilen polietilen(PE)

b) Nha PVC

nCH2 CH

Cl

CH2 CH

Cl

xt, to, p

vinyl clorua poli(vinyl clorua) (PVC)

n

c) Nha PS

CH CH2C6H5 CH CH

2C6H5

xt, to, p

nn

d) Nha PVA

CH2 CH OCOCH3xt, to, p CH CH2

OCOCH3nn

Thu phn PVA trong mi trng kim:

CH2 CH

OH

+ nNaOH + nCH3COONato

CH CH2

OCOCH3

n n

e) Nha PMM (thu tinh hu c - plexiglas)

nCH2 CH COOCH3

CH3

xt, to, p

metyl metacrylat poli(metyl metacrylat) (PMM)

CH CH2

CH3

COOCH3

n

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f) Nha PPF

Poli(phenol - fomanehit) (PPF) c 3 dng: nha novolac, nha rezol, nha rezit.

Nha novolac: Nu d phenol v xc tc axit.

OH OH

CH2 n+ nHCHOH+, to + nH2On

Nha rezol: Nu d fomanehit v xc tc baz.OH

CH2

CH2OH

CH2 CH2 OH

CH2

...

...

Nha rezit (nha bakelt): Nha rezol nng chy (150oC) v ngui thu cnha c cu trc mng li khng gian.

OH

CH2H2C

OH

CH2

CH2

OH

CH2

OH

CH2

H2C CH2

OH

CH2

CH2

OH

CH2

CH2

... ...

.

.

.

.

.

.

......

2. Cao sua) Cao su buna

nCH2=CHCH=CH20Na,t ( 2CH CH CH= )2 nCH

buta-1,3-ien (butaien) polibutaien (cao su buna)

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b) Cao su isopren

nCH2 C CH CH2

CH3CH3

CH2 C CH CH2 nxt, to, p

poliisopren (cao su isopren)2-metylbuta-1,3-dien (isopren)

c) Cao su buna S

nCH2 CH CH CH2 + nCH CH2

C6H5

to, p, xtCH2 CH CH CH2 CH CH2

C6H5

n

d) Cao su buna N


CN


CN

n

e) Cao su clopren

CH2 CH C CH2nto, p, xt

CH2 CH C CH2Cl Cl

n

f) Cao su flopren

nCH2 C CH CH2

FF

CH2 C CH CH2 nxt, to, p

3. Ta) T capron (nilon 6)

nH2N[CH2]5COOH NH[CH2]5CO n + nH2Oxt, to, p

NH[CH2]5CO n

CH2 CH2 CH2

CH2 CH2 NHC = On

xt, to, p

b) T enang (nilon 7)

nH2N[CH2]6COOHxt, to, p

HN[CH2]6CO + nH2On

c) T nilon 6,6)

nNH2[CH2]6NH2 + nHOOC[CH2]4COOH NH[CH2]6NHCO[CH2]4CO + 2nH2Oxt, to, p

n

d) T clorin

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CH2 CH CH2 CH CH2 CH CH CH

Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl

+ Cl2

2

+ HClxt, to, p

n 2

n

2

n 2

n

e) T dacron (lapsan)

nHOOC C6H4 COOH + nHO CH2 CH2 OH

CO C6H4 CO O CH2 CH2 O + 2nH2On

axit terephtalic etylen glicol

poli(etylen terephtalat) (lapsan)

xt, to, p

C- BI TP TRC NGHIM

I BI TP C BNCu 4.1 Hp cht u v cc hp cht trung gian trong qu trnh iu ch ra caosu buna (1) l: etilen (2), metan (3), ru etylic (4), ivinyl (5), axetilen (6). Hysp xp cc cht theo ng th t xy ra trong qu trnh iu ch

A. 3 6 2 4 5 1. B. 6 4 2 5 3 1.C. 2 6 3 4 5 1. D. 4 6 3 2 5 1.

Cu 4.2 T nilon 6,6 c cng thc lNH[CH2]5CO n

NH[CH2]6NHCO[CH2]4CO n

NH[CH2]6CO n

NHCH(CH3)CO n

A. B.

C. D.

.

. .

.

Cu 4.3 Khng nn i (l) qu nng qun o bng nilon; len; t tm,v:

A. Len, t tm, t nilon km bn vi nhit.B. Len, t tm, t nilon c cc nhm (- CO - NH -) trong phn t km bn vinhit.C. Len, t tm, t nilon mm mi.

D. Len, t tm, t nilon d chy.Cu 4.4Nhng phn t no sau y c th tham gia phn ng trng hp ?

CH2=CH2(1); CH CH(2); CH2=CHCl(3); CH3CH3(4)A. (1), (3). B. (3), (2).C. (1), (2), (3), (4). D. (1), (2), (3).

Cu 4.5 Khi H2SO4 m c ri vo qun o bng vi si bng, ch vi b enli do c sn phm to thnh l

A. cacbon. B. S.C. PbS. D. H2S.

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Cu 4.6 Cho s sau: CH4X Y Z cao su buna. Tn gi ca X , Y , Ztrong s trn ln lt l

A. Axetilen, etanol, butaien. B. Anehit axetic, etanol, butaien.C. Axetilen, vinylaxetilen, butaien. D. Etilen, vinylaxetilen, butaien.

Cu 4.7 Cao su buna S c cng thc lnCH2 CH CH CH2A. CH2 C(COOCH3)

CH3nB.

CH2 CH CH CH2 CH CH2

C6H5n

C. CH CH2

C6H5

nD.

.

. .

.

Cu 4.8 Cao su buna - S c iu ch bng :A. Phn ng trng hp. B. Phn ng ng trng hp.

C. Phn ng trng ngng. D. Phn ng ng trng ngng.Cu 4.9 Thu tinh plexiglas l polime no sau y?

A. Polimetyl metacrylat (PMM). B. Polivinyl axetat (PVA).C. Polimetyl acrylat (PMA). D. Tt c u sai.

Cu 4.10 Tn ca polime c cng thc sau lOH

CH2n

A. nha phenol-fomanehit. B. nha bakelt.C. nha do. D. polistiren.

Cu 4.11 T enang thuc loiA. t axetat. B. t poliamit.C. t polieste. D. t tm.

Cu 4.12 Phn ng no sau y to ra sn phm l cao su buna S?

nCH2 CH CH CH2 + mCH CH2

C6H5


C6H5n m

.

CH2 CH CH CH2nto, p, xt

nCH

2

CH CH CH2

A.


CH2 CH C CH2B.Cl Cl

n


CH2 CH C CH2C.CH3 CH3

n

D.

.

.

.

Cu 4.13 Phn ng no sau y to ra sn phm l cao su isopren?

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C6H5


C6H5n m

.


nCH2 CH CH CH2A.


CH2 CH C CH2B.

Cl Cln

CH2 CH C CH2n to, p, xt CH2 CH C CH2C.

CH3 CH3

n

D.

.

.

.

Cu 4.14 Phn ng no sau y to ra sn phm l cao su cloropren?


C6H5


C6H5n m

.


nCH2 CH CH CH2A.

CH2 CH C CH2n to

, p, xt CH2 CH C CH2B.Cl Cl

n


CH2 CH C CH2C.CH3 CH3

n

D.

.

.

.

Cu 4.15 Hiro ho hp cht hu c X c isopentan. X tham gia phn ngtrng hp c mt loi cao su. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l

CH3 CH2 C CH

CH2 C CH CH2 CH2 CH CH CH2CH3

A.

C. D.

.

. .

CH3 C C CH2

CH3

B. .

Cu 4.16 iu ch nilon - 6,6 ngi ta dng axit no trng ngng vihexametylen iamin ?

A. axit axetic. B. axit oxalic.

C. axit stearic. D. axit aipic.Cu 4.17 Phn ng no sau y to ra sn phm l cao su buna N?

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C6H5


C6H5n m

.


CH2 CH C CH2B.

Cl Cln

CH2 CH C CH2nto, p, xt CH2 CH C CH2A.

CH3 CH3n

D.

.

.


CN

to, p, xtCH2 CH CH CH2 CH CH2C.

CNn .

Cu 4.18 Tn ca monome to ra polime c cng thc

C CH2

CH3

COOH n lA. axit acrylic. B. metyl acrylat.C. axit metacrylic. D. metyl metacrylat.

Cu 4.19 Sn phm ca phn ng trng hp metyl metacrylat c gi lA. nha bakelt. B. nha PVC.C. cht do. D. thu tinh hu c.

Cu 4.20 T capron c iu ch t monome no sau y ?A. axit metacrylic. B. caprolactam.C. phenol. D. axit caproic.

Cu 4.21 T enang c iu ch bng cchA. trng hp axit acrylic. B. trng ngng alanin.C. trng ngng H2N-(CH2)6-COOH. D. trng ngng HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH.

Cu 4.22Nha PS c iu ch t monome no sau y?A. axit metacrylic. B. caprolactam.C. phenol. D. stiren.

Cu 4.23 Cht c kh nng trng hp thnh cao su lCH2 C CH CH2.

CH3

A.

CH3 CH2 C CH.C.

CH3 C C CH2.

CH3CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH3.

B.

D.

Cu 4.24 T monome no sau y c th iu ch c poli(vinyl ancol) ?CH2 CH COOCH3. CH2 CH OCOCH3.CH2 CH COOC2H5. CH2 CH CH2 OH.

A.

C.

B.

D.

Cu 4.25 T poliamit l nhng polime tng hp c cha nhiu nhm

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A. CONH trong phn t. B. CO trong phn t.C. NH trong phn t. D. CH(CN) trong phn t.

Cu 4.26 Mt polime Y c cu to mch nh sau:

CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2Cng thc mt mt xch ca polime Y l

A. CH2CH2CH2. B. CH2CH2CH2CH2.

C. CH2. D. CH2CH2.

II BI TP NNG CAO

Cu 4.27 Tin hnh clo ho poli(vinyl clorua) thu c mt loipolime X dng iu ch t clorin. Trong X c cha 66,18% clotheo khi lng. Vy, trung bnh c bao nhiu mt xch PVC phnng c vi mt phn t clo ?

A. 1. B. 2.C. 3. D. 4.

Cu 4.28 T capron (nilon 6) c cng thc l

NH[CH2]5CO n

NH[CH2]6NHCO[CH2]4CO n

NH[CH2]6COn

NHCH(CH3)CO n

A. B.

C. D.

.

. .

.

Cu 4.29 Tin hnh phn ng ng trng hp gia stiren v buta 1,3 ien (butaien), thu c polime X. C 2,834 gam X phn ngva ht vi 1,731 gam Br2. T l s mt xch (butaien : sti

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