SW Malaysia Goh

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First Policy Forum on UEM in Southeast Asia

18 - 19 August 2005, Bangkok,Thailand 1

THE PENANG ISLAND MUNICIPALCOUNCIL EXPERIENCE

Dr Goh Kok Yeong

18 Aug 2005 AIT, Bangkok

Current Policies & Practices on Solid Waste

Management in Malaysia

MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF PENANG ISLAND,

MALAYSIA

MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF PENANG ISLAND,

MALAYSIA

LOCATION IN ASIA PACIFIC

Malaysia

PENANGISLAND





Introduction to Government Set-up

Federal

State government

Local authority

MALAYSIAN LEGISLATION

Currently, NO Federal or State Legislation dealsdirectly and specifically on solid waste management.

The Local Government Act 1976 and the StreetDrainage and Building Act 1974 ( to a limited extent)

are presently being used to govern the solid wastemanagement nationwide.

By-laws such as the Refuse Collection, Removal andDisposal have been made by some of the LocalAuthorities under the Local Government Act toregulate the solid waste management and services.





MALAYSIAN LEGISLATION (cont’d)

Presently, management of solid waste services is being handled by3 levels of Governments:

1. Ministry of Housing and Local Government (MHLG) handles allmatters related to solid waste management funding and policydevelopment.

2. State Government plays a coordinating role with focus on policyand financial matters pertaining to Local Authorities functions.

3. Local Authorities are the implementing agencies and have directresponsibilities over the solid waste collection, treatment anddisposal services. These services are provided either directly bythe respective Local Authorities or sub-contracted to privatecompanies.

The Government through MHLG is in the process of formulatingand finalising the Solid Waste Management Bill to be submittedand passed by the parliament.

LEGAL PROVISIONS FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT

Powers for waste management is sharedbetween Federal and State Goverments

Constitutional Provisions

a. Federal List – trade, commerce and industry,including industries and industrial undertakings,dangerous trade, dangerous and inflammablesubstances.

b. State List – Local Government including local

government services, obnoxious trades andpublic nuisances within local authorities.





LEGAL PROVISIONS FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT

c. Concurrent List- public health, sanitationand the prevention of diseases.

Since enactment of EQA 1974, scheduledwaste is within Department of Environment (afederal Agency), while municipal solid waste is

under local authorities.

Unclear if household scheduled wastes are

regulated under EQA.

Proposed municipal solid waste also to betaken over by Federal Govt with new lawrelating to solid waste management.

WASTE DEFINITION &

DIFFERENTIATION

Any other waste notclassified as ScheduledWaste.

Categorised as follows. Waste generated from

daily household activities.

Garden waste

Bulk waste

Industrial, commercialand institutional (ICI)waste.

Solid Waste (MSW) Classified as hazardousbased on its characteristics.

Four basic characteristics.

Ignitable

Corrosive

Reactive

Toxic

Scheduled Waste





NATIONAL POLICIES

The Federal Government intended to privatisethe solid waste management in the PeninsularMalaysia (western part the country) under thenational privatization programme.

Under the proposed act, Peninsular Malaysia isdivided into 3 zones. The Northern, The Centraland Southern Zones. (Central and SouthernZones are in the interim take over by the privateconcessionaires.)

Penang: Sectoral Share of Gross Domestic Product (%)Area: 299.65 sq km Population: 660,000

Source: SERI

The main contributors to Penang’s GDP are the manufacturing sector (41.6%) andthe tertiary sector (53.7%). These figures indicate the presence of many multinationalcompanies as well as small and medium industries in Penang. Penang’s tertiary

sector comprises mainly of services, which cater for the tourism sector.

Penang: Sectoral Share of Gross Regional Product (%)

Sector 2003 2004 (estimated) 2005 (Forecast)

Agriculture, Forestry

& Fishing

1.6 1.5 1.5

Mining & Quarrying 1.0 0.9 0.9

Manufacturing 41.3 42.5 42.9

Construction 2.1 1.7 1.7

Tertiary 54.0 53.4 53.0

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0





THE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF PENANGISLAND

PRESIDENT

SECRETARY

DEV. & PLANNING DEPTMANAGEMENT

SERVICES

URBAN SERVICES,

PUB. HEALTH

LICENSING,

DEPARTMENT

LEGAL DEPT

ENGINEERING DEPT

BUILDING DEPT

TREASURYVALUATION DEPT INTERNAL AUDIT

UNIT

COMMUNITY

SERVICES BUMIPUTRA

DEVELOPMENT UNIT





The municipal waste collected are categorized

into 5 different types currently:1. Domestic Waste

2. Industrial Waste (non scheduled)3. Bulk Waste4. Sea Waste5. River Waste – effective in 2004

Domestic Waste – Vehicles used are compactors and RoRo.

Industrial Waste – Vehicles used are RoRo

Bulk Waste – Vehicles used are High Side Tippers and SideLoaders

Sea & River Waste – Vehicles used RoRo and Tippers

THE COLLECTION (2004)

Generation: 655 tons of mun icipal waste a day(excluding 428 tons of construction& demolition w aste a day)

Services Provided: Collection, Transfer,Disposal at Landfill

Area Covered: 95% of Island





COMPOSITION AVERAGE

Food Waste 42.94

Paper 18.40

Plastic 15.85

Diapers 5.84

Textile 2.43

Rubber 1.38

Wood 1.03

Yard 4.49

Glass 2.95

Aluminum 0.39

Metal 1.63

Other Incombustible 2.65

WASTE COMPOSITION OF MSW OFMAJLIS PERBANDARAN PULAU PINANG (2003)

Source: Satang Environmental Sdn. Bhd.

•Penang Island Municipal Council practices “A

People Friendly Council” approach.

•Since 1995 to the end of 2004 the Council supplied

59,692 units of free 80 liter HDPE bins to all landed

residential property premises.

• Assessment charge is levied on ratepayers.

• No separate collection fee charged to the public.

Solid Waste Management In Penang





•Collection outsourced since the early 80’s.

•Initially covering only the city of

Georgetown.

•Coverage by private contractors expanded

over the years. Now 4 contractors

appointed to cover 80% of the Island since

1993.•Remainder 20% is served by the Penang

Municipal Council.

THE LANDFILLS

The 2 landfil ls are :

•Jelutong Landfi l l - situated in the outskirts of GeorgetownCity, Penang Island (for construction w aste)

•Pulau Burung Sanitary Landfi ll - situated in the mainlandSeberang Perai (for municipal waste)





GARBAGE ARE TAKEN BY BARGE VIA SEA 22 NAUTICAL

MILES FROM THE TRANSFER STATION AT BATU MAUNG

TO PULAU BURONG

Collection Transfer Station Barging

Pulau Burung Landfill

Collection and Disposal System Employed

Trucking Towing By Tug Boat





THE TRANSFER STATION

Transfer station located at Batu Maung, Southeast of the Island.

In August 20 01, Council had instructed all municipal waste to bedisposed at the Batu Maung Transfer Station.

Opens daily from 6.30 am to 10.00 pm.On festive seasons, the Transfer Station w ill operate 24 hou rs.

Occupies an area of 1.295 hectares inclusive of ingress and egressof vehicles, a weighbridge, an office, lorries parking bays and a

jetty.

Reduction

Recyle & Reuse

Treatment/Recover

Landfill

MostDesirable

Less

Desirable

Waste Hierarchy





Recycling in Penang

Recycling Programme In Malaysia

The programme was launched in thelate 80’s with the caption “GUNASEMULA” which means REUSE. Itwas later changed in the early 90’s to

“KITAR SEMULA” which means

RECYCLE.

In Penang, Malaysia –

• Programme was launched by the ChiefMinister of Penang in 1993 as a pilotproject in 2 housing areas.

• Programme started well but without aproper PPPUE approach. The programmeis still surviving but hardly living.

The parties involved in the programme:

1. The residents of the housing area

2. A recycling vendor

3. Penang Municipal Council

Penang Municipal Council took a different approach.

NGOs involved and campaigned for more recycling

vendors to register with the Council. Started with

only 6 vendors, 4 from Penang itself and 2 from the

capital city, Kuala Lumpur.

Today 20 vendor are s involved in the Penang

Municipal Council recycling programme.

2 strong supporters from the NGOs are:

1. Socio Economic Environmental Research Institute

(SERI)

2. North East District Neigbourhood Watch (Rukun

Tetangga – RT)

T H E P A R T N E R S H I P





P E N A N G L O C A L G O V E R N M E N T C O N S U L TA T IVE F O R U M( P L G C F )

P E N A N G E N VI R O N M E N TA L W O R K I N G G R O U P (P E WO G )

S O C I A L E N O N O M I C & E N V IR O N M E N TA L R E S E A R C H

I N S T I T U T E ( S E R I )

N O R TH E A S T D I S T R IC T R U K U N TE TA N G G A

COUNCIL WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE ABOVE ORGANIZATIONS

STUDY, REVIEW, RESEARCH, DESIGN AND PLAN FOR ANY

ENVIRONMENTAL TASK FACED.

TASK:

1. RECYCLING

2. H AZA RD OU S W AST E

3 . C OM M UN IT Y C OM P OS TIN G

4. E-WASTE

THE HELPING HANDS

INTERNATIONAL AID &PROGRAMMES





UNDP – PPPUE PROGRAMMEUNITED NATION

DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

UNDP CHOSED PENANG ISLAND FOR IPG

PROGRAMME AMONG MORE THAN 100 NATIONS

AROUND THE WORLD

4 COUNTRIES WERE CHOSEN IN SOUTH EAST ASIA

– MALAYSIA, LAOS, PHILIPPINES AND INDONESIA

A PROGRAMME KNOWN AS PUBLIC PRIVATEPARTNERSHIP FOR URBAN ENVIRONMENT (PPPUE)

– COMMUNITY RECYCLING AND WASTE

MANAGEMENT PROJECT WAS INTRODUCED

•TO BOOST UP PUBLIC & PRIVATE PARTICIPATION

•TO DEVELOP THE FEELING OF BELONGINGNESSTOWARDS THE PROGRAMME

•TO PREVENT TOTAL DEPENDENCY ON

GOVERNMENT

•TO ENSURE SUSTAINABILITY

3 LOCATIONS WERE IDENTIFIED FOR THE

PROGRAMME

THE LOCATIONS

THE LOCATIONS ARE:

1. WELD QUAY - CHINESE COMMUNITY ON STILT HOUSES

2. KAMPONG SERONOK - MALAY COMMUNITY IN TYPICAL MALAY VILLAGE

3. TAMAN ALOR VISTA - MULTI RACIAL IN HIGH RISE DEVELOPMENT

UNDP-PPPUE PROGRAMME





NATIONAL WASTE MINIMISATION

PROGRAMME

Project started in June 2005 by Ministry of Housing and LocalGovernment & JICA

2 Components

Setting up of Local Recycling Networks and RecyclingNetwork Unit in Local Authority

Pilot Project For Waste Separation at Source for aresidential area

Project started in June 2005 by Ministry of Housing and LocalGovernment & JICA

2 Components

Setting up of Local Recycling Networks and RecyclingNetwork Unit in Local Authority

Pilot Project For Waste Separation at Source for a residentialarea

Facing NEW CHALLENGE1. Household Hazardous Waste

2. E-waste

Household Hazardous Waste –

7th June 2003 -The Council Launched It’s First Household Hazardous

Waste Collection With Sunshine Farlim Hypermarket

5th July 2003 – Another Launching With GamaSupermarket

20th August 2003 – Followed By Makro Hypermarket

Council Is Planning To Provide Further Collection Facilities At 5

Public Markets:

A) TanjungBungahMarket

B) PulauTikus Market

C) BayanBaruMarket

D) BalikPulauMarket

E) Anson Road Market

E-waste –

The idea was mooted by the Chief Minister,

Tan Sri Dr. Koh Tsu Koonthrough a K-ICT

committee.

Urban Services Department was given the

task.

Appointed a group of consultant to carry o ut a

detail study on management and safe handlingof e-waste. The study will provide guidance onhandling of e-waste from collection todisposal.

The programme was introduced due to theincreasing number of e-waste.

The increase is partly due to the influx ofcheap electronic appliances in the market.

The increasing number of Malaysian gettinginto ICT.




18 - 19 August 2005, Bangkok,

ISSUES & CHALLENGES

•80 % landfi l ls nationwide expected to reachfull capacity in 2 years time

•Surging CAPEX & OPEX for solid wastemanagement vs. limited resources

•Promoting sustained community attitudinal

changes for greater participation in wasteminimisation & environmental management

Think globally, Act locally

THINK BEFORE YOU THROW

Documents

SW Malaysia Goh