Svedski Fraze

7/27/2019 Svedski Fraze

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1. BASIC PHRASES

God morgonGood Morning

Hej / God dagHello / Good Day

God kvllGood Evening

God nattGood Night

Hej d / Adj(more formal)Goodbye

SnllaPlease

Tack (s mycket)Thank you (very much)

Ingen orsak / VarsgodDon't mention it / You're welcome

Ja / NejYes / No

Herr / Fru / FrkenMister / Misses / Miss

Hur r det? / Hur har du det?How are you?

Hur mr du?How are you? (How are you feeling?)

BraGood / Fine

Inte s bra.Not so good

Vad heter du?What's your name?

Jag heter...I am called...

Mitt namn r...My name is...

Trevligt att trffas!Pleased to meet you!

Vlkommen!Welcome!

Varifrn kommer du?Where are you from?

Jag kommer frn...I'm from...

Var bor du?Where do you live?

Jag bor i...I live in...

Hur gammal r du?How old are you?

Jag r ___ r (gammal).I am ____ years old.

Talar du svenska?Do you speak Swedish?

Jag talar [inte] engelska.I [don't] speak English.

danska, norska, franska, italienska, spanska, tyska, hollndska, ryska, japanskaDanish, Norwegian, French, Italian, Spanish, German, Dutch, Russian, Japanese

Ja, lite grann.Yes, a little bit.

Nej, inte alls.No, not at all.

Jag frstr [inte.]

I [don't] understand.

Jag vet [inte.]

I [don't] know.Urskta / FrltExcuse me / Pardon me

Ha det s bra!Take care!

Vi ses senare / snartSee you later / soon

Hej / Hej dHi / Bye

Jag lskar dig.I love you.

Jag saknar dig.I miss you.


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Pratar du svenska?is also a common way to ask Do you speak Swedish?, though it isconsidered more informal.

2. PRONUNCIATION

Swedish letter(s) English sound

ch sh

ck k

g g before a, o, u, , or unstressed e

g j before e, i, y, , and after l or r

g k before t

gj j

k soft ch sound, before e, i, y, ,

q k

sch sh

ti(on) sh

tj soft ch sound

v, w v

x ks

z s

3. ALPHABET

a ah k kaw u ooh

b bay l el v vay

c say m em x eks

d day n en y ew

e ay o oh z say-tah

f ef p pay aw (with lips rounded)

g gay q koo eh (as in bed)

h haw r air er (with lips rounded)

i ee s ess

j yee t tay
http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_alphabet.mp3


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4. NOUNS & CASES

Nouns in Swedish have two genders, common and neuter, which adjectives must agree withwhen modifying nouns. These genders are signified by the indefinite articles: enand ett. Inthe vocabulary lists, a noun followed by (n) means that it is a neuter noun and it takes theindefinite article ett. The majority of nouns in Swedish are common gender, so they take theindefinite article en.

The only case of nouns that is used in Swedish is the genitive (showing possession), and it iseasily formed by adding an -s to the noun. This is comparable to adding -'s in English to showpossession. However, if the noun already ends in -s, then you add nothing (unlike Englishwhere we add -' or -'s). Anders bok= Anders's book

5. ARTICLES & DEMONSTRATIVES

There are two indefinite articles (corresponding to a and an) in Swedish: enand ett. En isused with most of the nouns (words denoting people almost always use en), but you will justhave to learn which article goes with which noun. The definite article (the) is not a separateword like in most other languages. It is simply a form of the indefinite article attached to the

end of the noun. Note that en words ending in a vowel retain that vowel and add an -n insteadof adding -en. And ett words ending in -e just add a -t.

En words (common) Ett words (neuter)

Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite

enbanan

a banana bananenthebanana

ett bord a table bordet the table

en stol a chair stolen the chair ett kkakitchen

kket the kitchen

en gata a street gatan the streetettpple

an apple pplet the apple

This, that, these and thoseare expressed in Swedish by using den, det ordeplus theword hr(here) and dr(there). The noun is always in the definite form after thesedemonstratives. And if any adjectives follow the demonstrative, they must add an -a to theending.

with en words with ett words with plural words

this /these

den hrbiljetten - thisticket

det hrtget - this trainde hrbiljetterna - thesetickets

that /those den drbiljetten - thatticket det drtget - that train de drtgen - those trains

6. SUBJECT & OBJECT PRONOUNS

Subject & Object Pronouns

jag I mig (mej) me
http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_pronouns.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_articles.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_pronouns.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_articles.mp3


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du you (singular) dig (dej) you

han he honom him

hon she henne her

den it (with en words) den it

det it (with ett words) det it

man one en one

vi we oss us

ni you (plural) er you

de (dom) they dem (dom) them

Mancan be translated as one, we, they or the people in general. When referring to nouns

as it, you use denfor en nouns, and detfor ett nouns. Formerly, duwas the informal youand niwas the formal, but these distinctions are rarely used anymore. The formsin parentheses are the informal ways of spelling these words, which is closer to the actualpronunciation.

7. TO BE & TO HAVE

The present and past tenses of verbs in Swedish are very simple to conjugate. All the formsare the same for each personal pronoun. The infinitive of the verb to bein Swedish is vara,and the conjugated present tense form is rand the past tense is var. The infinitive of theverbto haveis ha, and the conjugated present tense form is harand the past tense is hade.

att vara - to be att ha - to haveI am jag r I was jag var I have jag har I had jag hade

you are du r you were du var you have du har you had du hade

he is han r he was han var he has han har he had han hade

she is hon r she was hon var she has hon har she had hon hade

it is den r it was den var it has den har it had den hade

it is det r it was det var it has det har it had det hade

one is man r one was man var one has man har one had man hade

we are vi r we were vi var we have vi har we had vi hade

you are ni r you were ni var you have ni har you had ni hade

they are de r they were de var they have de har they had de hade

To form the future tense of verbs, just add skabefore the infinitive. Jag ska vara= I willbe; hon ska ha= she will have; etc.

8. USEFUL WORDS
http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_useful.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_behave.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_useful.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_behave.mp3


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sometimes ibland already redan

always alltid perhaps kanske

never aldrig both bda

often ofta some ngon, ngot, ngra

usually oftast again igen, ter

now nu between mellan

and och a lot, many mnga

but men of course naturligtvis

or eller a little lite grann

very mycket / vldigt not at all inte alls

here hr almost nstan

there dr really? verkligen

with med it is det r

each other varandra there is/are det finns

9. QUESTION WORDS

Who vem Whose vems

What vad Which vilken, vilket, vilka

Why varfr Where to vart

When nr Where from varifrn

Where var How hur

Whichhas three different forms depending on the gender and number of the noun that follows

it.Vilken is used with en words, vilket is used with ett words and vilka is used with plural words.

10. CARDINAL & ORDINAL NUMBERS

0 noll

1 en, ett 1st frsta

2 tv 2nd andra

3 tre 3rd tredje

4 fyra 4th fjrde

5 fem 5th femte

6 sex 6th sjtte

7 sju 7th sjunde

8 tta 8th ttonde

9 nio 9th nionde

10 tio 10th tionde
http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_numbers.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_questions.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_numbers.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_questions.mp3


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11 elva 11th elfte

12 tolv 12th tolfte

13 tretton 13th trettonde

14 fjorton 14th fjortonde

15 femton 15th femtonde16 sexton 16th sextonde

17 sjutton 17th sjuttonde

18 arton 18th artonde

19 nitton 19th nittonde

20 tjugo 20th tjugonde

21 tjugoen, tjugoett 21st tjugofrsta

22 tjugotv 22nd tjugoandra

30 trettio 30th trettionde

40 fyrtio 40th fyrtionde50 femtio 50th femtionde

60 sextio 60th sextionde

70 sjuttio 70th sjuttionde

80 ttio 80th ttionde

90 nittio 90th nittionde

100 hundra 100th hundrade

1,000 tusen 1,000th tusende

million en miljon

billion en miljardtrillion en biljon

11. DAYS OF THE WEEK / VECKANS DAGAR

Monday mndag

Tuesday tisdag

Wednesday onsdag

Thursday torsdag

Friday fredag

Saturday lrdag

Sunday sndag

day dag

morning morgon

afternoon eftermiddag

evening afton (before 6 pm) / kvll
http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_days.mp3


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night natt

today idag

tomorrow imorgon

day after tomorrow i vermorgon

tonight ikvllyesterday igr

day before yesterday i frrgr

last night igr natt

week vecka

weekend helg

daily daglig

weekly veckolig

To say "on" a certain day, usepbefore the day.

12. MONTHS OF THE YEAR / RETS MANADER

January januari

February februari

March mars

April april

May maj

June juniJuly juli

August augusti

September september

October oktober

November november

December december

month mnad

year r

monthly mnatlig / varje mnadyearly rlig

To say "in" a certain month, useibefore the month.

13. SEASONS
http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_seasons.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_months.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_seasons.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_months.mp3


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Winter vinter in (the) winter p vintern

Spring vr in (the) spring p vren

Summer sommar in (the) summer p sommaren

Fall hst in (the) fall p hsten

You can also use i before the names of the months to express this: i vinter= this winter

14. DIRECTIONS

North norr Northeast nordost

South sder Northwest nordvst

East ster Southeast sydost

West vster Southwest sydvst

left till vnster

right till hger

straight ahead rakt fram

15. COLORS

orange orange, orangea

pink rosa / skr, skrt, skra

purple lila

blue bl, bltt, bla

yellow gul, gult, gulared rd, rtt, rda

black svart, svart, svarta

brown brun, brunt, bruna

gray gr, grtt, gra

white vit, vitt, vita

green grn, grnt, grna

Since colors are adjectives, most of them agree with the noun they describe. The first word is

used with en words, the second with ett words and the third with plural words. Some wordsremain the same for all three (such as lila.)

16. TIME / TID

What time is it? Vad r klockan?
http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_time.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_colors.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_directions.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_time.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_colors.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_directions.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_time.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_colors.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_directions.mp3


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It is 2 AM Klockan r tv p natten

6:20 tjugo ver sex

half past 3 halv fyra

quarter past 4 kvart ver fyra

quarter to 5 kvart i fem10 past 11 tio ver elva

20 to 7 tjugo i sju

noon mitt p dagen

midnight midnatt

in the morning p morgonen

in the evening p kvllen

It's exactly... den r precis

About/around 8. omkring tta

At 8. klockan ttaearly tidigt

late(r) sent (senare)

Sweden uses the 24 hour clock for official times such as train schedules.

17. WEATHER / VADER

How's the weather today? Vad r det fr vder idag?

It's cold det r kallt

beautiful vackert / fint

hot jttevarmt

clear klart

icy isigt

warm varmt

windy blsigt

cloudy molnigt

hazy disigt

muggy rtt

humid fuktigtfoggy dimmigt

It's snowing det snar

It's raining det regnar

It's freezing det r kallt/kyligt

18. FAMILY / FAMILJ
http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_family.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_weather.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_family.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_weather.mp3


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Parents frldrar

Mother mamma / mor / moder

Father pappa / far / fader

Son son

Daughter dotterBrother bror

Sister syster

Grandfather farfar (father's father) / morfar (mother's father)

Grandmother farmor (father's mother) / mormor (mother's mother)

Grandson sonson (son's son) / dotterson (daughter's son)

Granddaughtersondotter (son's daughter) / dotterdotter (daughter'sdaughter)

Niecebrorsdotter (brother's daughter) / systerdotter (sister'sdaughter)

Nephew brorson (brother's son) / systerson (sister's son)

Cousin kusin

Uncle farbror (father's brother) / morbror (mother's brother)

Aunt faster (father's sister) / moster (mother's sister)

Boy pojke

Girl flicka

Child / Baby barn / baby / bebis / spdbarn

Adult vuxen (n)

Man man

Woman kvinna

Friend (m) vn

Friend (f) vninna

19. TO KNOW PEOPLE & FACTS

knna - to know people veta - to know facts

present (know, knows) knner vetpast (knew) knde visste

future (will know) ska knna ska veta

20. FORMATION OF PLURAL NOUNS

An enword takes one of the following endings when it is pluralized: or, ar, er. An ettwordtakes an nor no ending at all.
http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_pluralnouns.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_know.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_pluralnouns.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_know.mp3


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Indefinite Plural

En words that end in -adrop -aand add -or

en klocka - klockora watch - (some)watches

En words that end in -edrop -eand add -ar

en pojke - pojkar a boy - (some) boys

En words with stress on lastvowel

add -er en kamrat -kamrater

a friend - (some)friends

Ett words that end in a vowel add -n ett stlle - stllena place - (some)places

Ett words that end in aconsonant

no ending ett rum - rum a room - (some) rooms

To form the definite plural, you must first form the indefinite plural and then add these endingsto that word.

Indef. Plural En words add-naklockor -klockorna

(some) watches - thewatches

Indef. Plural Ett words that end in avowel

add -a stllen -stllena

(some) places - the places

Indef. Plural Ett words that end in aconsonant

add -en rum - rummen (some) rooms - the rooms

There are some nouns that change their vowel in the plural. These nouns usually take the -erending when forming the indefinite plural.

en natt - ntter a night - nights en bonde - bnder a farmer - farmers

en stad - stder a town - towns en ledamot - ledamter a member - members

en hand - hnder a hand - hands en fot - ftter a foot - feet

en tand - tnder a tooth - teeth en rot - rtter a root - rootsen strand -strnder

a beach - beaches en bok - bcker a book - books

en rand - rnder a stripe - stripes en man - mn a man - men

ett land - lnder a country - countries mannen - mnnen the man - the men

21. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES & PRONOUNS

with en words with ett words with plural words

my / mine min mitt mina

your / yours din ditt dina

his / her / its / their sin sitt sina

his / his hans hans hans

her / hers hennes hennes hennes

its / its dess dess dess

our / ours vr vrt vra

your / yours er ert era
http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_possadj.mp3


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their / theirs deras deras deras

The same forms are used for possessive adjectives that are used directly before nouns andfor possessive pronouns that replace a noun. For example, this is my carand this isminewould be translated as det hr r min biland det hr r min.

Sin, sitt andsinacan only be used when the third person possessive adjective refers to thesubject of the same clause. These words can be translated as his, her, its or their.Generally,if you cannot insert "own" after the possessive adjective in English, you cannot usesin/sitt/sina.

Per besker sinmamma. = Per visits his (own) mother. (Sin refers back to Per.)Eva ringer hans mamma. = Eva calls his mother. (Hans refers to Per, not Eva.)

22. TO DO/MAKE & TO BECOME

gra - to do/make bli - to become

present gr blir

past gjorde blevfuture ska gra ska bli

23. WORK

actor skdespelare judge domare

actress skdespelerska lawyer advokat

author frfattare mechanic mekaniker, montr

baker bagare musician musiker

baker's shop bageri nurse sjukskterska

bookseller bokhandlare official mbetsmanbookshop bokaffr optician (eye doctor) optiker

businessman affrsman painter mlare

butcher slaktare photographer fotograf

pharmacist farmaceut policeman polis

pharmacy apotek (n) postman brevbrare

cook kock, kokerska priest prst

customer kund publisher frlggare

dentist tandlkare scientist vetenskapsman

doctor lkare, doktor shoemaker skomakareemployee anstlld, arbetstagare shop, store butik

engineer ingenjr singer sngare, sngerska

fisherman fiskare student student

gardener trdgrdsmstare surgeon kirurg

hairdresser hrfrisr tailor skrddare

jeweler juvelerare teacher lrare
http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_work.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_dobecome.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_work.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_dobecome.mp3


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journalist journalist workman arbetare

24. PREPOSITIONS

vid by, at, next to av of, by, with

i in bakom behindp on, in, at bland among

hos at the house of bredvid beside

till to efter after, for

frn from enligt according to

genom through, by framfr in front of

lngs along fr for, by, with

ver across, over omkring around

mot towards, to med with, by

mellan between under under, below

om around, about, in utan withoutsedan since utom except for

trots in spite of t towards, for

Vidis used to express a position next to something, but with no contact. Iis used to express aposition in something that is seen to have volume (room, containers, etc.); and it is also usedwith countries, cities, villages, etc. Pis used to express a position on something that is seenas a line or surface with contact; and it is also used with islands, addresses, and particularplaces, such as bank, post office, cinema, hospital, library, etc. Three exceptions to using pwith particular places include school, the shop and church: i skolan, i affren, i kyrkan.

25. COUNTRIES & NATIONALITIES

Country Noun Adjective

Africa / African Afrika afrikan afrikansk

America / American Amerika amerikan amerikansk

Argentina /Argentinan

Argentina argentinare argentinsk

Asia / Asian Asien asiat asiatisk

Australia / Australian Australien australiensare australiensk

Austria / Austrian sterrike sterrikare sterrikisk

Belgium / Belgian Belgien belgare belgisk

Brazil / Brazilian Brasilien brasilianare brasiliansk

Canada / Canadian Kanada kanadensare kanadensisk

China / Chinese Kina kines kinesisk

Denmark / Dane Danmark dansk dansk

Egypt / Egyptian Egypten egyptier egyptisk

England / English England engelsman engelsk

Europe / European Europa europ europeisk
http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_countries.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_prepositions.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_countries.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_prepositions.mp3


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Finland / Finnish Finland finlndare / finne finsk

France / French Frankrike fransman fransk

Germany / German Tyskland tysk tysk

Great Britain / British Storbritannien britt brittisk

Greece / Greek Grekland grek grekisk

Netherlands / Dutch Holland hollndare hollndsk

Hungary / Hungarian Ungern ungrare ungersk

Ireland / Irish Irland irlndare irlndsk

Italy / Italian Italien italienare italiensk

Japan / Japanese Japan japan japansk

Norway / Norwegian Norge norrman norsk

Poland / Polish Polen polack polsk

Portugal /Portuguese

Portugal portugis portugisisk

Russia / Russian Ryssland ryss rysk

Scotland / Scottish Skottland skotte skotsk

Spain / Spanish Spanien spanjor spansk

Sweden / Swedish Sverige svensk svensk

Switzerland / Swiss Schweiz schweizare schweizisk

Turkey / Turkish Turkiet turk turkisk

United States U.S.A. amerikan amerikansk

For languages, you generally add -a to the adjective: svenska is Swedish and engelska isEnglish, etc.

26. NEGATIVE SENTENCES

To make a sentence negative in Swedish, simply add inteafter the verb. If there is anauxiliary verb and a main verb,integoes between the two.In addition, if you answer "yes" to a negative question, you must usejoinstead ofja.

27. SHORT ANSWERS

A yes/no question can be answered with a short phrase, just as in English. The verb gra(todo/make) is used with the pronoun detand the subject of the question. Some verbs are notreplaced by graand are repeated in the short answer, such as varaand ha. This is verysimilar to English, except for the word order.

Positive Short Answer: Ja+ det+ Verb+ SubjectNegative Short Answer:Nej + det + Verb + Subject + inte
http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_short.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_negative.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_short.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_negative.mp3


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Arbetar hon hr?Does she work here?Ja, det gr hon. Yes, she does.Nej, det gr hon inte.No, she doesn't.

r de glada?Are they happy?Ja, det r de.Yes, they are.Nej, det r de inte. No, they are not.

28. TO COME & TO GO

komma - to come g - to go

present kommer gr

past kom gick

future ska komma ska g

29. COMMON AUXILIARY VERBS

kunna - to be able to,can

vilja - to want to f - to be allowedto

--- have to, must

present kan vill fr mste

past kunde ville fick ---

Just as in English, there is no past form of must / mste. You can either use vartvungenor behvdeinstead, as injag var tvungen att... = I had to...

skola -supposed to,will, should

bra- should, ought tobruka - usually, used

tobehva - need to

present ska br brukar behver

past skulle borde brukade behvde

Vi kan tala engelska. We can speak English.Han kunde inte spela.He could not play.Sven vill sova.Sven wants to sleep.Hon vill ha kaffe.She wants coffee. (When viljais followed by a noun, hais added beforethe noun.)Du fr rka.You may smoke.De mste g hem nu. They must go home now.Du fr inte rka. You must not smoke. (Must notis translated with fr interather than mste

inte, which means don't have to.)Jag brukar dricka kaffe efter lunch.I usually drink coffee after lunch. (Brukarin the presenttense means usually + main verb.)

30. CONJUGATING REGULAR VERBS (PRESENT AND PAST TENSES)

Infinitives in Swedish end in -a. When conjugating verbs, the same form is used for all subjectpronouns, whether singular or plural. To form the present tense of verbs, either add -rto theinfinitive or remove the -aand add -er.
http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_regularverbs.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_auxiliary.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_comego.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_regularverbs.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_auxiliary.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_comego.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_regularverbs.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_auxiliary.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_comego.mp3


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tala - to speak (-ar verb) & stnga - to close (-er verb)

Present Tense Past Tense Present Tense Past Tense

jag talar I speak jag talade I spokejagstnger

I closejagstngde

I closed

du talar you speak du taladeyouspoke

dustnger you close

dustngde you closed

hantalar

he speakshantalade

he spokehanstnger

he closeshanstngde

he closed

hontalar

shespeaks

hontalade

shespoke

honstnger

shecloses

honstngde

she closed

vi talar we speak vi talade we spoke vi stnger we closevistngde

we closed

ni talar you speak ni taladeyouspoke

ni stnger you closenistngde

you closed

de talar they speak de taladethey

spoke

de

stngerthey

close

de

stngdethey

closed

Please note the three present tenses in English (simple, progressive and emphatic) are alltranslated by one verb form in Swedish. Jag talarcan mean I speak, I am speakingorI dospeak.

Four Past Tense Conjugations

To form the past tense, most verbs add -de to the present tense form of -ar verbs and to thestem of -er verbs (infinitive minus -a). But if the stem ends in a voiceless consonant (k, p, t, ors), then add -te instead. Another group of verbs, short verbs ending in a vowel, add -dde toform the past tense. (See34. Irregular Verbsbelow for a longer list as many of these verbshave irregular forms in other tenses.)

Infinitive Present Past

Infinitive of -ar verbs; add-de

arbeta to work arbetar arbetade

frga to ask frgar frgade

ppna to open ppnar ppnade

tala to speak talar talade

Stem of -er verbs; add -de

ringa to ring ringer ringde

stnga to close stnger stngde

flja to follow fljer fljde

bygga to build bygger byggde

Stem ends in k, p, t, or s;add -te

tnka to think tnker tnkte

rka to smoke rker rkte

lsa to read lser lste

kpa to buy kper kpte

Infinitive ends in longvowel; add -dde

tro to believe tror trodde

bo to live, dwell bor bodde

31. REFLEXIVE VERBS
http://www.ielanguages.com/swedish2.html#irregularhttp://www.ielanguages.com/swedish2.html#irregularhttp://www.ielanguages.com/swedish2.html#irregularhttp://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_reflexive.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/swedish2.html#irregular


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Some verbs in Swedish are reflexive verbs, in that the action by the subject is performed byitself. This is comparable to the -self or -selves pronouns used in English with some verbs,such as he behaves himself. Most of the time, verbs that are reflexive in Swedish are notreflexive in English. To conjugate these verbs, simply add these pronouns after the verb:

mig (mej) myself oss ourselves

dig (dej) yourself er yourselvessig (sej) himself/herself/itself sig (sej) theirselves

The forms in parentheses are used in colloquial (spoken and written) Swedish. In fact, mig,dig and sigare pronounced as if they were written mej, dej and sej.

32. COMMANDS

Verbs that end in -ar in the present tense simply remove the -r to form the command(imperative). Verbs that end in -er in the present tense remove the -er to form the command.You cannot form the imperative if you only know the infinitive and not if the verb takes -ar or -er in the present tense. But if you do know that an infinitive is an -ar verb, you leave the -a in

the imperative, and if the infinitive is an -er verb, you remove the -a.

Present Tense Imperative Translation

ppnar ppna! open!

vntar vnta! wait!

skriver skriv! write!

lser ls! read!

33. PRESENT & PAST PERFECT

The present and past perfect tenses consist of two parts: har / hadeand the supine formof

the main verb. This is a compound tense that corresponds to has/have / hadand a pastparticiplein English. The main difference between Swedish and English in this tense,however, is that Swedish uses the supine form of the verb instead of the past participle.

To form the supine, -ar verbs add -t to the infinitive; while -er verbs replace -a with -t in theinfinitive. Infinitives ending in long vowels add -tt to form the supine.

Infinitive Present Past Supine

arbeta to work arbetar arbetade arbetat

frga to ask frgar frgade frgat

ppna to open ppnar ppnade ppnat

tala to speak talar talade talat

ringa to ring ringer ringde ringtstnga to close stnger stngde stngt

flja to follow fljer fljde fljt

bygga to build bygger byggde byggt

tnka to think tnker tnkte tnkt

rka to smoke rker rkte rkt

lsa to read lser lste lst
http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_supine.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_commands.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_supine.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_commands.mp3


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kpa to buy kper kpte kpt

tro to believe tror trodde trott

bo to live, dwell bor bodde bott

Jag har lst boken.I have read the book.Hon hade ppnat drren.She had opened the door.

34. IRREGULAR VERBS

Several verbs in Swedish are considered irregular because they do not follow the rules for thedifferent conjugations. These forms need to be memorized since these verbs are verycommon.

Infinitive Imperative Present Past Supine Translation

vara var r var varit be

ha ha har hade haft have

komma kom kommer kom kommit comegra gr gr gjorde gjort do, make

ta ta, tag tar tog tagit take

sga sg sger sa, sade sagt say

veta vet vet visste vetat know

lta lt lter lt ltit let

hlla hll hller hll hllit hold

heta het heter hette hetat be called

ka k ker kte kt go

resa res reser reste rest travel

bra br br bar burit carry

dra dra, drag drar drog dragit pull, drag

ligga ligg ligger lg legat lie (down)

lgga lgg lgger la, lade lagt put

stta stt stter satte satt put

sl sl slr slog slagit hit

falla fall faller fll fallit fall

ta t ter t tit eat

sova sov sover sov sovit sleep

stjla stjl stjler stal stulit stealgrta grt grter grt grtit cry

slja slj sljer slde slt sell

vlja vlj vljer valde valt choose

vnja vnj vnjer vande vant accustom

svlja svlj svljer svalde svalt swallow

skilja skilj skiljer skilde skilt separate
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Some -er verbs (and never -ar verbs) have irregular simple past and supine forms.

Sometimes these involve a vowel change and lack of ending.

Infinitive Past Supine Translations

binda band bundit to bind / bound / bound

brinna brann brunnit to burn / burned / burned

dricka drack druckit to drink / drank / drunk

finna fann funnit to find / found / found

frsvinna frsvann frsvunnit to disappear / disappeared / disappeared

hinna hann hunnit to manage / managed / managed

rinna rann runnit to run, flow / ran, flowed / run, flowed

sitta satt suttit to sit / sat / sat

slippa slapp sluppit to get out of / got out of / gotten out of

spricka sprack spruckit to split / split / split

springa sprang sprungit to run / ran / run

sticka stack stuckit to stick / stuck / stuck

vinna vann vunnit to win / won / won

bita bet bitit to bite / bit / bitten

gripa grep gripit to grip / gripped / gripped

lida led lidit to suffer / suffered / suffered

rida red ridit to ride / rode / ridden

skina sken skinit to shine / shone / shone

skriva skrev skrivit to write / wrote / written

slita slet slitit to wear out / wore out / worn out

stiga steg stigit to rise / rose / risentiga teg tigit to be silent / was silent / been silent

vrida vred vridit to turn / turned / turned

bjuda bjd bjudit to invite / invited / invited

ljuga ljg ljugit to lie / lied / lied (to tell a lie)

sjunga sjng sjungit to sing / sang / sung

skjuta skt skjutit to shoot / shot / shot

bryta brt brutit to break / broke / broken

flyga flg flugit to fly / flew / flown

flyta flt flutit to float / floated / floated

frysa frs frusit to freeze / froze / frozen

knyta knt knutit to tie up / tied up / tied up

krypa krp krupit to crawl / crawled / crawled

A few infinitives in Swedish do not end in -a. These are short verbs and they end in a long,stressed vowel. The infinitive is the same as the imperative, and the present tense is formedby adding -r. The past tense if formed by adding -dde to the infinitive, and the supine is
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formed by adding -tt to the infinitive. However, a few of the short verbs have an irregular form

in the past.

Infinitive /Imperative

PresentTense

Past TenseSupine Translation

Short verbs with a regular past:

tro tror trodde trott believe, think

ske sker skedde skett happen

n nr ndde ntt reach

bo bor bodde bott live (dwell)

m mr mdde mtt feel (of health)

kl klr kldde kltt dress

Short verbs with an irregular past:

f fr fick ftt get, receive

g gr gick gtt go, walkge ger gav gett give

se ser sg sett see

d dr dog dtt die

st str stod sttt stand

be ber bad bett ask, pray

35. FOOD & MEALS

bacon bacon / flsk (n) salt salt (n)

beef ntktt (n) sandwich smrgsbeer l (n) sauce ss

beverage dryck sausage korv

biscuit kaka soup soppa

bread brd (n) stew gryta

breakfast frukost sugar socker (n)

butter smr (n) supper middag

cake kaka / trta tea te (n)

cheese ost veal kalvktt (n)

chicken kyckling vegetables grnsakercoffee kaffe vinegar ttika / vinger

cream grdde wine vin (n)

dessert dessert basin skl

dinner middag bottle flaska

egg gg (n) can opener konservppnare

fried egg stekta gg coffee pot kaffekanna
http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_food.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_irregular3.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_food.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_irregular3.mp3


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soft-boiled egg kokta gg colander durkslag

fat fett (n) corkscrew korkskruv

flour mjl (n) cup kopp

ham skinka dish fat (n)

honey honung fork gaffeljam sylt frying pan stekpanna

lunch lunch glass glas (n)

meal mltid jug kruka

meat ktt (n) kettle kittel

milk mjlk knife kniv

mustard senap lid lock (n)

mutton frktt (n) napkin servett

oil olja plate tallrik

omelet omelett saucer tefat (n)pepper peppar saucepan kastrull

pork flsk (n) spoon sked

roll bulle tablecloth duk

salad sallad teapot tekanna

If you are referring to a brand of beer, l is a neutral noun instead of common.

36. FRUITS & VEGETABLES

almond mandel strawberry jordgubbe

apple pple (n) tree trd (n)

apple tree ppeltrd (n) tree trunk stam

apricot aprikos vine vinstock

ash ask walnut valnt

bark bark willow pil

beech bok artichoke kronrtskocka

berry br (n) asparagus sparris

birch bjrk barley korn (n)

blackberry bjrnbr (n) bean (broad) bnabranch gren bean (kidney) kidneybna

cherry krsbr (n) brussel sprouts brysselkl

cherry tree krsbrstrd (n) cabbage kl

chestnut kastanj carrot morot

chestnut tree kastanjetrd (n) cauliflower blomkl

currant vinbr (n) celery selleri
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cypress cypress corn majs

date dadel cucumber gurka

elm alm eggplant aubergine

fig fikon (n) garlic vitlk

fir gran herb rtfruit frukt horse-radish pepparrot

grapes vindruvor lentil lins

hazelnut hasselnt lettuce sallad

kernel krna maize majs

laurel lagertrd (n) mint mynta

leaf blad (n) mushroom svamp

lemon citron oats havre

lime tree lind onion lk

melon melon parsley persiljaoak ek pea rta

olive oliv potato potatis

olive tree olivtrd (n) pumpkin pumpa

orange apelsin radish rdisa

orange tree apelsintrd (n) rice ris (n)

peach persika rye rg

pear pron (pl) sage salvia

pear tree prontrd seed fr (n)

pine tall spinach spenatpineapple ananas stalk stjlk

plum plommon (n) tomato tomat

poplar poppel turnip rova

raspberry hallon (n) wheat vete (n)

root rot

37. CONJUNCTIONS

Coordinating Conjunctions

och and

eller or

men but

fr because, for

s so

som as
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antingen...eller either...or

varken...eller neither...nor

Subordinating Conjunctions

att that

d when

eftersom because, as

fr att in order to, so that

drfr att because

innan / frrn before

medan while

nr when

om if, whether (interrogation)

fast even if, although

sedan since, as

nu d now that

38. WORD ORDER

In general, the word order of Swedish is the same as English: Subject + Verb + Object.However, the word order is slightly different from English when something other than the

subject of the verb begins the sentence. In declarative sentences, the main verb is always inthe second position(but not necessarily the second word!). For example, if a sentence beginswith an adverb or an object, the verb will be the second element in the sentence, and thesubject will come afterthe verb. Then any other forms of verbs (such as participles orinfinitives) will come after the subject.

Adverb orObject

Main Verb Subject (Participle / Infinitive) Translation

I morgon ker jag till Sverige.I'm going to Swedentomorrow.

I affren kper jag brd. I buy bread in the store.

In sentences that begin with a subordinate clause, the second (independent) clause will haveinversion of the verb and subject. The subordinate clause is the first element in the sentence,so the verb must be second, and the subject is third.

SubordinateClause

Main Verb Subject Rest of Sentence Translation

Nr jag var ung, bodde jag i Sverige.When I was young, I lived inSweden.
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Nu d hon harkommit

kan vi brja.Now that she's arrived wecan begin.

Furthermore, adverbs that modify the entire sentence come before the verb in subordinateclauses, whereas they normally occur after the verb in regular sentences. Besides inte(not),these adverbs include: aldrig (never),alltid(always), allts (so,

then),mjligtvis(maybe),grna (gladly, with pleasure), bara(only) and skert(surely).Han sger att han inte kan ka bil till Stockholm. He said that he cannot come toStockholm by car.

39. ASKING QUESTIONS

Yes/No questions:Invert the subject and verb so that the verb begins the question.

Arbetar han?Does he work?Regnar det?Is it raining?

Question Words:The question word begins the question, and the verb comes next, followedby the subject.

Var bor Sten?Where does Sten live?Vad gr Elsa?What does Elsa do?

40. HOLIDAY PHRASES

God Jul! Merry Christmas!Gott Nytt r! Happy New Year!

Glad Psk! Happy Easter!

Grattis p fdelsedagen! Happy Birthday!
http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_holiday.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_askquest.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_holiday.mp3http://www.ielanguages.com/mp3s/swedish/sw_askquest.mp3

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