Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
SSUURRVVEEYY AANNDD RREEPPLLAACCEEMMEENNTT OOFF
IINNCCAADDEESSCCEENNTT LLAAMMPPSS WWIITTHH CCOOMMPPAACCTT
FFLLUUOORREESSCCEENNTT LLAAMMPPSS IINN SSEELLEECCTTEEDD EESSTTAATTEESS
AANNDD FFAACCIILLIITTIIEESS IINN IILLOORRIINN,, KKWWAARRAA SSTTAATTEE,,
NNIIGGEERRIIAA..
KK.. RR.. AAjjaaoo
HH.. AA.. AAjjiimmoottookkaann
MM.. KK.. GGaarrbbaa
BB.. FF.. SSuullee
TTEECCHHNNIICCAALL RREEPPOORRTT
NNOO 11
IISSBBNN:: 997788--997788--991144--991177--99
NATIONAL CENTRE FOR
HYDROPOWER RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT
ENERGY COMMISSION OF NIGERIA
UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, ILORIN
NNOOVVEEMMBBEERR,, 22001100
ii
FOREWORD
The National Centre for Hydropower Research and Development is a research Centre of
the Energy Commission of Nigeria situated in the University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. It
is engaged in research activities which will foster the development and application of
hydropower within the diverse energy mix needed for sustainable socio-economic
development in Nigeria. In addition, it engages in other energy related functions as may
be assigned to it with a view to encouraging efficient use of energy in its immediate
environment. The Centre undertook an extensive survey of use of incandescent lamps
(ICLs) in selected estates and facilities in Kwara State in 2010. The main aim was to
carry out replacements of the ICLs with modern energy efficiency lamps called Compact
Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs). This report contains the details of the survey and the
retrofitting of the lighting in residential houses with CFLs. The results are quite
informative and useful for general planning of lighting systems in residential houses.
The Centre is grateful to the residents’ associations of the various estates used for the
study. It is also acknowledges the donation of CFLs through a joint Cuba – Nigeria
agreement under Energy Commission of Nigeria.
Prof. Bolaji F. Sule, FNSE, FNICE
Director,
National Centre for Hydropower
Research and development,
University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Foreword ii
Table of Contents iii
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Review of Some Energy-Efficient Lighting Programs in other Countries 2
1.3 Aim and Objectives 3
1.4 Methodology 3
2. Survey Phase 6
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Method of Data Collection 6
2.3 Evaluation of Household Survey Data 6
2.4 Discussion of Findings 15
3. Implementation Phase 18
3.1 Introduction 18
3.2 Lamp Replacement Exercise 19
3.2.1 Lower Niger River Basin Quarters 21
3.2.2 Mandate I and II Housing Estate 21
3.2.3 University of Ilorin Quarters and Facilities 21
3.2.4 Mandate III housing Estate 22
4. Feedback Phase 23
4.1 Introduction 24
4.2 Discussion of Results 39
4.3 Challenges 39
4.4 Further Work 40
5. Conclusion and Recommendations 41
5.1 Conclusion 42
5.2 Recommendations 42
BIBLIOGRAPHY 44
APPENDIX I 45
APPENDIX II 46
APPENDIX III 49
1
INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background
Electricity plays a very vital role in the technological development of every nation. Adequate and
reliable electricity is an essential ingredient for socio-economic development and growth of
enterprise. Inadequate supply not only restricts socio-economic activities to basic human needs,
it limits economic growth and adversely affects quality of life. At present, electric energy
utilization in Nigeria is far from being efficient. The potential for efficient energy utilization or
conservation is substantial in the two most energy consuming sectors of the economy namely
household and industry. In the household sector, there is considerable energy wastage due to the
use of traditional incandescent lighting and other energy consuming appliances. Compact
Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) use up to eighty percent (80%) less energy or electricity than
incandescent light bulbs, may last up to six (6) times longer, cost little up-front, and provide a
quick return on investment. In the household sector, substantial savings can be made by simply
retrofitting incandescent bulbs with fluorescent lamps. CFL is fluorescent lighting designed to be
used in a normal incandescent light bulb socket. It works like fluorescent bulbs by passing a
current through a gas-filled tube. Incandescent light works by heating up a metal filament until it
is white-hot. Incandescent bulbs produce mostly heat, which is why a fluorescent using only 13
watts of electricity can produce light comparable to an incandescent hogging 60 watts.
The Energy Commission of Nigeria (ECN) supplied to some states of the federation Compact
Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) for the replacement of incandescent lamps in organized settlements as
a pilot project and as part of the Commission’s energy-efficient programme. In Kwara state,
organized residential estates were selected in Ilorin, the state capital and the University of Ilorin
campuses (mini-campus and the permanent site). The preliminary and feedback questionnaires
were administered to capture the needed data from the selected sites. These information include
the type of building, lightings and their respective wattages, average monthly electricity
consumption (kWh), average monthly bill paid (Naira), the Power Holding Company of Nigeria
(PHCN) feeder readings, lifespan of installed CFLs, hours of usage per day and reason(s) for
failure (if any), beneficiaries responses regarding CFLs’ quality ratings and interest in
procurement of other energy efficient appliances etc.
2
During the exercise, a total of twenty seven thousand, four hundred (27,400) CFLs were
retrofitted while incandescent bulbs retrieved are to be properly disposed. From these project
sites, three months energy consumption (PHCN bills and meter readings) before and after
retrofitting with CFLs were collected for data analysis.
The exercise is not without its own challenges; our personnel had to contend with lack of
cooperation from some residents who believed that the bulbs replacement exercise is intruding
on their privacy among others.
1.2 Review of Energy-Efficient Lighting Programs in other Countries
In the last few decades, energy efficient lighting programs have been carried out worldwide by
multilateral agencies, government’s agencies, and non-governmental organizations. Many of
these programs have been called “market transformation” programs because they attempt to alter
the fundamental structure of the lighting marketplace in a particular country or region. As
reported by Eric and Nils in their paper - Energy-Efficient Lighting Programs: Experience and
Lessons from Eight Countries - published in 1998 in Energy Policy Journal and among these are:
Jamaica Demand Side Management (DSM) demonstration project carried out in 1995. This
project created a DSM programme unit within the Jamaica Public Service Co (JPSCo) utility. As
part of this programme, the utility gave free CFLs to 100 homes (about 300 lamps) to test them
and to establish technical criteria regarding equipment performance, customer response, and
installation problems. Subsequently, the utility has begun to sell a planned 100,000 CFLs to
approximately 30,000 households at discounted prices. The utility sells CFLs to consumers as
part of an overall energy savings package along with combinations of other equipment like low-
flow showerheads and outdoor lighting controls and also, a substantial public education and
information campaign through utility mailings, offices, and the media.
The Brazilian utilities conducted pilot residential lighting programs between 1993-96 as CFLs
dissemination programs to research marketing approaches, consumer behavior, etc. Through this
programme, the utility improved voltage and current levels in the distribution systems, and thus
help all customers obtain more acceptable lighting service levels.
3
Danish Residential Utility (DSM) CFL quality programs between 1988 and 1994, which has
positioned Denmark as the second highest CFL ownership rate in the world (second only to the
Netherlands). These programs deployed about 1 million CFLs through a combination of give-
away, pay-on-the-bill sales, and (most commonly) sales through rebate coupons. In the later
programs, subsidies were lower and finally phased out. Since 1994, Danish CFL programs have
moved away from rebate programs towards an increasing focus on quality, testing and labeling.
1.3 Aim and Objectives
The aim of this project is to survey organized, medium-sized residential estates or appropriate
facilities that are currently using incandescent lamps and replace same with CFLs with a view of
achieving savings in energy consumption.
The specific objectives to achieve this aim are to:
i. Constitute technical team to execute the survey, implementation and feedback phases
ii. Ensure that all incandescent lamps are retrofitted and arrange for proper disposal in
conjunction with the state environmental protection agency
iii. Carry out a regular follow-up survey in the project sites
iv. Collate, analyze and present information of energy consumption data before and after
retrofitting: and
v. Create public awareness on the advantages of CFLs over incandescent lamps and hence
arouse public interest in the use of CFLs in residential, commercial and industrial
edifices.
1.4 Methodology
The technical committee constituted liaised with Kwara State Ministry of Energy and the Kwara
State Property Development Corporation which is directly in charge of the management of the
following estates: Mandate I & II, and Mandate III housing estates. Meetings were schedules
with the Residents’ Associations of these estates and the team briefed them on the essence of the
exercise to be carried out, which they gracefully embraced. Letters were also written to the
Residents’ Association of the UNILORIN quarters (GRA staff qtrs, senior staff qtrs, and junior
staff qtrs) and the management of the University of Ilorin and that of Lower Niger River Basin
Development Authority (LNRBDA).
4
The survey exercise commenced afterwards at the LNRB estate with a five-man technical team
and ten (10) ad hoc staff.
The whole exercise in these estates and other facilities was carried out in three (3) phases:
i. Survey Phase : Questionnaires administered, physical inspection and meter readings
ii. Implementation Phase: Replacement of incandescent lamps with CFLs
iii. Feedback Phase: Questionnaires administration and data analysis
5
SURVEY PHASE
6
2. SURVEY PHASE
2.1 Introduction
A 5-man technical team and ten (10) adhoc staff conducted a house to house survey by
administering questionnaires. The technical team members are:
1. Dr. K. R. Ajao – Team Leader
2. Engr. H. A. Ajimotokan
3. M. K. Garba
4. A. Balogun
5. I. T. Adedayo
2.2 Method of Data Collection
The first day of the survey took place at Mandate I & II housing estates. The team was received
on arrival by the chairman of the Residents’ Association and two other executive members. After
a brief introduction, the exercise kicked off and the chairman personally led team to some of
these households and restated our mission in the estates. Based on the size of the estates, five
survey groups were constituted comprising of one technical team member and two (2) adhoc
staff each assigned to streets in the estates. The team moved from household to household and
took direct count of the incandescent, fluorescent, Halogen, CFLs and other lamps installed in
each of these buildings. The lamps were classified by location (indoor or outdoor), the voltage
ratings of the lamps, fixture types (screw and pin) and other parameters. Details of the
questionnaire are in Appendix I. Similar approach was later adopted in all other estates and
facilities covered in this programme.
2.3 Evaluation of Household Survey Data
Data were extracted from the administered questionnaires and analyzed as shown in tables and
graphs in this section. These include type of buildings, consumption pattern, distribution of
incandescent lamps, halogen lamps and CFLs in wattages and pin and screw distribution in these
estates.
7
Table 1: Types of Building
Note:
LNRBQ: Lower Niger River Basin Quarters
UL-GRAQ: University of Ilorin, GRA quarters
UL-PSSSQ: University of Ilorin, Permanent Site Senior Staff Quarters
UL-PSJSQ: University of Ilorin, Permanent Site Junior Staff Quarters
UL- PS: University of Ilorin, Permanent Site (Hostels and Lecture Theatres)
UL-MC: University of Ilorin, Mini Campus (Hostels, Library and Lecture Theatres)
MT-I &II: Mandate I & II Housing Estate
MT- III: Mandate III Housing Estate
N/A: Not Applicable
S/N Name of Estate Duplex Bungalows Storey Building
(No. of Flats)
BQs Household Total
1
LNRBQ 1 155 Nil Nil 156
2
UL-GRAQ 6 6 7
(42)
19 73
3 UL- PSSSQ 7 102 6
(36)
12 157
4 UL- PSJSQ Nil 71 Nil Nil 71
5
MT -I & II
Nil 347 Nil Nil 347
6 UL-PS
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
7 UL-MC
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
8
MT- III
Nil 247 Nil Nil 247
TOTAL 14 928 13(78) 31 1051
8
Figure 1: Distribution of building types in the selected estates
Figure 2: Total number of households surveyed
9
Table 2: Distribution of Incandescent Lamps in the Selected Estates and Facilities before Retrofitting
Wattage
No. of Incandescent Lamps
LNRBQ UL-
GRAQ
UL-
PSSSQ
UL-
PSJSQ
MT-
I & II
UL- PS UL- MC MT- III TOTAL
20W 30 10 15 - 250 243 - 209 757
40W 76 127 272 - 1,344 - 96 1,931 3,864
60W 2,585 913 3,104 599 3,381 3,934 3,325 3,174 21,015
100W 51 13 773 104 8 968 578 54 2,549
200W &
Above
25 19 - 4 8 - 4 60
Total 2,767 1,082 4,164 707 4,991 5,145 3,999 5,372 28,227
Figure 3: Graph of distribution of incandescent lamps before retrofitting
10
Table 3: Distribution of fluorescent lamps in the selected estates and facilities before retrofitting
Wattage
No. of Fluorescent Lamps
LNRBQ UL-
GRAQ
UL-
PSSSQ
UL-
PSJSQ
MT-
I & II
UL- PS UL- MC MT- III TOTAL
20W 26 45 275 26 51 1,843 774 367 3,407
40W 147 28 313 86 127 10,215 4,550 102 15,568
Total 173 73 588 112 178 12,058 5,324 469 18,975
Figure 4: Graph of distribution of fluorescent lamps before retrofitting
11
Table 4: Distribution of halogen lamps in the selected estates and facilities before retrofitting
Wattage
No. of Halogen Lamps
LNRBQ UL-
GRAQ
UL-
PSSSQ
UL-
PSJSQ
MT-
I & II
UL- PS UL- MC MT- III TOTAL
100W 150 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 5 155
150W 250 Nil 118 Nil 4 23 15 1 411
200W &
Above
85 10 131 65 Nil 174 87 5 557
Total 485 10 249 65 4 197 102 11 1123
Figure 5: Graph of distribution of halogen lamps before retrofitting
12
Table 5: Distribution of CFLs in the selected estates and facilities before retrofitting
Wattage
No. of CFLs
LNRBQ UL-
GRAQ
UL-
PSSSQ
UL-
PSJSQ
MT-
I & II
UL- PS UL- MC MT- III TOTAL
5-8W Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 11 11
9-12W 1 Nil Nil Nil 1 Nil Nil 5 7
13-16W 5 33 11 2 Nil 28 16 2 97
17-20W 2 3 Nil Nil 4 Nil 12 24 45
20W &
above
26 Nil Nil Nil 8 23 Nil 115 172
Total 34 36 11 2 13 51 28 157 332
Figure 6: Graph of distribution of compact fluorescent lamps before retrofitting
13
Table 6 (a): Distribution of Pin and Screw-type incandescent lamps in selected estates before retrofitting
Wattage
Pin Versus Screw Incandescent Lamps
LNRBQ MT-I & II MT- III
Pin-
Type
Screw-
Type
Pin-
Type
Screw-
Type
Pin-
Type
Screw-
Type
TOTAL
20W Nil 30 Nil 250 Nil 209 489
40W Nil 76 98 1,246 36 1895 3351
60W 2,433 152 2,815 566 3,060 114 9140
100W 51 Nil Nil 8 7 47 113
200W &
Above
17 8 8 Nil Nil 4 37
Total 2,501 266 2,921 2,070 3,103 2,269 13,130
Table 6 (b): Distribution of Pin and Screw-type incandescent lamps selected facilities before retrofitting
Wattage
Pin Versus Screw Incandescent Lamps
UL-GRAQ UL- PSSSQ UL-PSJSQ UL- PS UL-MC
Pin-
Type
Screw-
Type
Pin-
Type
Screw-
Type
Pin-
Type
Screw-
Type
Pin-
Type
Screw-
Type
Pin-
Type
Screw-
Type
TOTAL
20W Nil 10 Nil 15 Nil Nil Nil 243 Nil Nil 268
40W 2 125 213 59 Nil Nil Nil Nil 96 Nil 495
60W 884 29 2,928 176 599 Nil 3,934 Nil 2,789 536 11,875
100W 13 Nil 606 167 104 Nil 860 108 578 Nil 2,436
200W &
Above
19 Nil Nil Nil 4 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 23
Total 918 164 3,747 417 707 Nil 4,794 351 3,463 536 15,097
14
Figure 7: Pin Vs Screw incandescent bulbs before retrofitting
Table 7: Distribution of incandescent lamps and CFLs in the selected estates and facilities before
retrofitting
Types
LNRBQ UL-
GRAQ
UL-
PSSSQ
UL-
PSJSQ
MT-
I & II
UL- PS UL- MC MT- III TOTAL
Incandescent 2,767 1,082 4,164 707 4,991 5,145 3,999 5,372 28,227
CFLs 34 36 11 2 13 51 28 157 332
Total 2,801 1,118 4,175 709 5,004 5,196 4,027 5,529 28,559
15
Figure 8: Graph of distribution of incandescent Vs. CFLs
2.4 Discussion of Findings
Tables 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 present the captured data and the analyses of the results obtained
from the preliminary surveys of the sampled estates and facilities. The result shows that the
LNRBQ had 2,767 incandescent lamps, 173 fluorescent lamps, 485 halogen lamps while 34 were
CFLs; in UL-GRAQ, 1,082 incandescent lamps, 73 fluorescent lamps, 10 halogen lamps while
36 were CFLs; in UL-PSSSQ, 4,164 incandescent lamps, 588 fluorescent lamps, 249 halogen
lamps while 11 were CFLs; in UL-PSJSQ, 707 incandescent lamps, 112 fluorescent lamps, 65
halogen lamps while 2 were CFLs; in MT I&II 4,991 incandescent lamps, 178 fluorescent lamps,
4 halogen lamps while 13 were CFLs; in UL-PS, 5,145 incandescent lamps, 12,058 fluorescent
lamps, 197 halogen lamps while 51 were CFLs; in UL-MC, 3,999 incandescent lamps, 5,324
fluorescent lamps, 102 halogen lamps while 28 were CFLs and MT-III, 5,372 incandescent
lamps, 469 fluorescent lamps, 11 halogen lamps while 157 were CFLs.
Figures 1 and 2 depict the distribution of building types in the sample estates and total number of
households surveyed. Figure 3 shows that majority of the households in these estates use the
16
traditional 60W bulbs which may be due to the fact that it is the commonest type of bulbs in the
market. The recent increase in awareness that higher wattage bulbs generate more heat coupled
with the incessant power outage, more people are now buying 40W and 20W incandescent lamps
in that order as alternative to 60W bulbs. Fewer number of 100W and 200W bulbs are also used
in these estates but mostly outdoor.
As shown in Figure 4, majority of the households in the estates use 20W fluorescent lamps than
the 40W type, mostly indoor while in the facilities more of 40W fluorescent lamps are used.
Figure 5 depicts the distribution of halogen lamps in the estates and facilities surveyed. There are
many halogen lamps installed in LNRBQ and in the facilities which may be due to their
largeness in term of landmass. More CFLs are in use in MT-III as shown in Figure 6. This trend
may be due to the fact that this is a modern estate with better awareness of energy conservation
in comparison to the other three estates. Figure 7 shows a more familiar distribution of
households using more pin type incandescent lamps than the screw type, the use of the latter
being a more recent concept.
In LNRBQ, about 80% of the lightings were incandescent lamps while less that 1% was CFLs
and similar trends were observed in other estates and facilities. This shows that majority of the
lightings in the sampled estates and facilities were incandescent lamps except in UL-PS. These
graphs depict the extent of the usage of the incandescent lamps compared to the fluorescent
lamps and CFLs in these estates and facilities except in UL-PS and thus, the alarming rate of
substantial households and facilities power consumption (wastage) despite Nigeria power
inadequacy.
A successful replacement of incandescent lamps with CFLs would not only bring about
substantial reduction in peak electricity demand, but also in electricity bills and conserve electric
energy.
17
IMPLEMENTATION
PHASE
18
3. IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
3.1 Introduction
At the completion of the survey exercise, data collected were collated and forwarded to the
Energy Commission of Nigeria (ECN) Abuja. Subsequently, ECN allocated a total of twenty
eight thousand, seven hundred and forty Compact Fluorescent Lamps in two installments. The
consignment was received and transported to NACHRED Ilorin by the project coordinator and
the characteristics of the CFLs received are depicted in Table 8.
Table 8: CFLs allocated to NACHRED by ECN
CFLs Ratings
Number
(Packets)
18W
Pin-
Type
18W
Screw-
Type
14W
Pin-
Type
14W
Screw-
Type
8W
Pin-
Type
8W
Screw-
Type
5W
Pin-
Type
5W
Screw-
Type
TOTAL
1st Allocation Nil 100 768 400 100 100 100 100 1668
2nd Allocation Nil 200 27 150 Nil 100 150 100 727
Total (Packets) Nil 300 795 550 100 200 250 200 2395
Pin-Type Total
(Pieces)
Nil
9540
1200
3000
13,740
Screw-Type
Total (Pieces)
3600
6600
2400
2400
15,000
Note: Each packet contains 12-pieces of CFLs
Figure 9: Pie Chart showing the distribution of ratings of CFLs allocated to NACHRED
19
Figure 10: Pie Chart showing the distribution of types of CFLs allocated to NACHRED
3.2 Lamps Replacement Exercise
Before the commencement of the exercise for the replacement of incandescent lamps with CFLs
in all the estates and facilities covered in this programme, a meeting was held to review the
survey exercise. In attendance were the five (5) technical team members and ten (10) adhoc staff
mostly electrical technicians. At the meeting, it was agreed that the survey received the best
cooperation from LNRBQ and it was resolved that the bulbs replacement exercise should start
from there. A date was chosen and prior notice was sent to the residents of the estates.
Logistics were arranged which include transportation, hand gloves, screw drivers, pliers,
insulation tape, trash bags, first aid box, ladders, etc.
The total number of CFLs installed in all the estates and facilities visited to date is depicted in
Table 9.
20
Table 9: Incandescent Lamps retrofitted with CFLs
Estate Number of Incandescent lamps
retrofitted with CFLs
Lower Niger River Basin Quarters (LNRBQ) 3,310
Mandate I&II Housing Estates (MT- I & II) 6,150
University of Ilorin:
a. University of Ilorin Permanent site (UL-PS)
(hostels and lecture theatres, excluding
offices and other structures)
b. University of Ilorin Mini-Campus
(UL-MC)
c. University of Ilorin Senior Staff Quarters
(UL- PSSSQ)
d. University of Ilorin GRA Quarters
(UL-GRAQ)
e. University of Ilorin Junior Staff Quarters
(UL- PSJSQ)
5,950
4,345
4,700
1,590
1355
Mandate III Housing Estate (MT- III) NIL
Total 27,400
Figure 11: Distribution of CFLs installed
21
3.2.1 Lower Niger River Basin Quarters
Equipped and briefed on the advantages of CFLs over incandescent lamps; longer life span,
better illumination, generate less heat, low energy consumption etc, our team related this
information to the residents of LNRBQ who appeared to be eagerly awaiting the exercise. Each
household was handled by a team of three men of at least one electrician who was tasked to
replace outdoor bulbs and even do minor electrical repairs. In situations where there was
reluctance of the residents to allow the team into their bedrooms, a male adult in the house was
asked to remove all incandescent bulbs in those rooms and install the CFLs. After the
replacement, the CFLs were tested and satisfied okay. In any building where the occupants were
not at home, all outdoor bulbs were replaced and a note was left on the door indicating when the
team will return for the remaining areas of the building. Trash bags were then used to collect all
removed incandescent lamps and properly arranged in our vehicle for disposal. At the LNRB
quarters, a total of three thousand, three hundred and ten (3,310) incandescent lamps were
replaced with CFLs and were mainly of the pin type.
3.2.2 Mandate I & II Housing Estates
Mandate I and II estates are situated in the same location demarcated by a partitioning wall with
a gate and under the same Residents’ Association. The arrangement and proximity of the
buildings to one another enhanced easier accessibility to the households which in turn increased
the pace of our work. The connectivity and distribution of electricity in these estates is well
designed unlike in some other estates where there was need to rectify electrical faults before
retrofitting. Few of the residents were not at home during the first visit which necessitated our
subsequent visits for the replacement exercise. Six thousands, one hundred and fifty (6,150)
incandescent lamps were retrofitted with CFLs.
3.2.3 University of Ilorin Quarters and Facilities
At the University of Ilorin quarters and facilities which include the students’ hostels and lecture
theatres and places of worship (mosques and churches), familiarity with the terrain and the
people enhanced our accessibility to the residences of the occupants. Having realized that we
were gradually running out pin-type CFLs, our team sought for additional logistics to replace
some pin-type lamp holders with the screw type especially for the University main and mini
22
campuses. A total of five thousands nine hundred and fifty (5,950) incandescent lamps and pin-
type lamp holders were replaced with screw-type lamp holders and CFLs at the University
permanent site (main campus) covering all the lecture theatres, all male and female hostels,
university senate building, conference centre and places of worship.
The mini campus of the university houses the temporary office building of NACHRED. The
bulbs installation exercise was relatively easier due to the proximity to the Centre and that
students were on holidays during this period which enabled our team to gain access to the
hostels, library, lecture halls and other facilities.
After a brief meeting with the Mayor of the University GRA quarters, the team moved from
household to household with ease because two (2) members of the technical team reside in this
quarters. However, our technicians had to rectify some electrical faults mostly outdoor, before
replacing the incandescent bulbs. The senior staff quarters, strategically located few kilometers
from the permanent site with good layout of buildings enhanced easy movement of our personnel
and logistics but our team had to contend with a lot of questioning from senior staff members
and rectified many electrical faults both indoor and outdoor. At the junior staff quarters which is
a small estate with only seventy-one households, one thousand three hundred (1, 300) pin-type
incandescent lamps were replaced with CFLs.
3.2.4 Mandate III Housing Estate
Here, the bulbs replacement exercise is yet to be carried out due to insufficient CFLs. Out of five
thousands three hundred and seventy two (5372) captured in our survey, only one thousand three
hundred and forty (1340) CFLs are available and this will not be enough for the replacement
exercise.
23
FEEDBACK PHASE
24
4. FEEDBACK PHASE
4.1 Introduction
The team conducted follows-up visits to the estates to find out the savings in energy.
Questionnaires were administered and electricity bills from these estates were collected and
analyzed. The questionnaires depicted in Appendix II & III contain information such as name of
estates, building types, lighting information, respondents’ ratings of installed CFLs, etc
The electric energy in kilowatt hour (kWh) consumed prior to replacement for three months were
compared with kWh consumption three months after replacement. The average consumption
over the study period was used for analysis of energy savings and reduction in energy cost.
The data extracted from the feedback survey are presented in the Tables 10 – 20 and
accompanying graphs and charts Fig 12 – 23). Specifically, the responses from the
questionnaires were analyzed under the following items.
a. Lifespan of burnt out CFLs after installation.
b. Likely causes of premature failure of CFLs.
c. Comparison of illumination of CFL with incandescent lamps.
d. Customers’ perception and level of dissatisfaction with CFL.
e. Reason for continuous use of incandescent lamps after replacement.
f. Quality of installed CFL and comparison with other CFLs.
g. Advantages of CFLs over incandescent lamps.
h. Energy saving pattern.
25
TABLE 10: Responses to the administered questionnaires in residential states
Estate LNRBQ MT-I &II UL- PSSSQ UL- GRAQ UL- PSJSQ Total
Questionnaires No. of
Respondents
% No. of
Respondents
% No. of
Respondents
% No. of
Respondents
% No. of
Respondents
% No. of
Respondents
%
Completed and
Returned
122 78 249 72 124 79 62 85 65 92 622 77
Not Returned 34 22 98 28 33 21 11 15 6 8 182 23
Total 156 100 347 100 157 100 73 100 71 100 804 100
Figure 12(a): Responses to the administered questionnaires (%) in residential estates
26
Figure 12(b): Responses to the administered questionnaires (%) in residential estates
TABLE 11: Lifespan of burnt-out CFLs after installation
Estate LNRBQ MT-I &II UL- PSSSQ UL- GRAQ UL- PSJSQ All Estates
Duration Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
Less than a
Month
23 19 57 23 10 8 18 29 7 11 115 19
Between 1 & 2
Months
9 7 14 6 12 10 12 19 8 12 55 9
Between 2 & 3
Months
6 5 - - - - - - 2 3 8 1
None Burnt-Out
in 3 Months
84 69 178 71 102 82 32 52 48 74 444 71
27
Figure 13(a): Graph depicting lifespan of burnt-out CFLs post-installation in different estates
Figure 13(b): Graph depicting lifespan of burnt-out CFLs post-installation in all estates
28
TABLE 12: Likely causes of premature failure of CFLs
Estate LNRBQ MT-I &II UL- PSSSQ UL- GRAQ UL- PSJSQ
Causes Frequency % Frequency % Frequency % Frequency % Frequency %
Overuse - - - - - - - - - -
Electrical Surge 9 27 24 10 11 9 9 15 3 5
Erratic Power
Supply
19 58 40 16 22 18 12 19 5 7
Poor Quality of
Lamps
2 6 16 6 - - 3 5 - -
Not Known 10 31 169 68 91 73 38 61 57 88
Figure 14: Graph of likely causes of premature failure of CFLs
29
TABLE 13: Comparison of illumination of CFLs with incandescent lamps
Estate LNRBQ MT-I &II UL- PSSSQ UL- GRAQ UL- PSJSQ
Responses Frequency % Frequency % Frequency % Frequency % Frequency %
Improved 113 93 237 95 117 94 44 71 60 92
No Difference 9 7 12 5 5 4 15 24 5 8
Worse - - - - 2 2 3 5 - -
Figure 15: Graph of comparison of illumination of CFLs with incandescent lamps
30
TABLE 14: Comparison of CFLs’ performance with incandescent lamps
Estate LNRBQ MT-I &II UL- PSSSQ UL- GRAQ UL- PSJSQ
Responses Frequency % Frequency % Frequency % Frequency % Frequency %
Satisfactory 111 91 239 96 117 94 53 85 60 92
No Difference 11 9 10 4 6 5 6 10 5 8
Not Satisfactory - - - - 1 1 3 5 - -
Figure 16: Graph of comparison of CFLs’ performance with incandescent lamps
31
TABLE 15: Dissatisfaction with CFLs
Estate LNRBQ MT-I &II UL- PSSSQ UL- GRAQ UL- PSJSQ
Responses Frequency % Frequency % Frequency % Frequency % Frequency %
Illumination 6 5 6 2 7 6 6 10 4 6
Lifespan 29 24 57 23 13 10 5 8 9 14
Quality of
lighting
- - 38 15 20 16 12 19 2 3
Lamp
appearance
- - 19 8 - - 3 5 - -
Lamp’s Size - - - - - - - - - -
None 87 71 129 52 84 68 36 58 50 77
Figure 17: Graph showing dissatisfaction of respondents with CFLs
32
TABLE 16: Reasons for still using incandescent lamps after replacement exercise
Estate LNRBQ MT-I &II UL- PSSSQ UL- GRAQ UL- PSJSQ Total
Reason Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
CFLs Installed
Burnt-Out
14 11 77 31 12 10 8 13 4 6 115 18
Damaged
Accidentally
11 9 7 3 5 4 3 5 2 3 28 5
Not Pleased with
Performance
- - - - - - - - - - - -
Cost 6 5 44 17 10 8 2 3 6 9 68 11
Not using
Incandescent
Lamps
91
75
121
49
97
78
49
79
53
82
411
66
Figure 18(a): Graph showing respondents’ reasons for still using incandescent lamps in different estates
33
Figure 18(b): Graph showing respondents’ reasons for still using incandescent lamps in all estates
TABLE 17: Rating of CFLs’ quality
Estate LNRBQ MT-I &II UL- PSSSQ UL- GRAQ UL- PSJSQ All Estates
Rating Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq % Freq %
Excellent 33 27 122 49 45 36 38 61 15 23 253 41
V. Good 72 59 90 36 37 30 13 21 28 43 240 39
Good 11 9 26 10 32 26 8 13 20 31 97 15
Fair 6 5 11 5 10 8 3 5 2 3 32 5
Poor - - - - - - - - - - - -
34
Figure19(a): Graph of CFLs’ quality rating in different estates
Figure19(a): Graph of CFLs’ quality rating in all estates
35
TABLE 18: Comparison of ECN installed CFLs with other CFLs in the open market
Estate LNRBQ MT-I &II UL- PSSSQ UL- GRAQ UL- PSJSQ
Rating Frequency % Frequency % Frequency % Frequency % Frequency %
Better
Illumination
89 73 110 44 79 64 50 81 47 72
Longer Lifespan 33 27 139 56 45 36 12 19 18 28
Brand
Availability
- - - - - - - - - -
Poor - - - - - - - - - -
Figure 20: Graph comparing ECN installed CFLs with other CFLs in the open market
36
TABLE 19: Advantages of CFLs over incandescent lamps
Estate LNRBQ MT-I &II UL- PSSSQ UL- GRAQ UL- PSJSQ
Advantages Frequency % Frequency % Frequency % Frequency % Frequency %
Low Energy
Consumption
34 28 118 47 40 32 28 45 23 35
High
Illumination
35 29 36 14 32 26 14 23 20 31
Longer Lifespan - - 24 10 22 18 - - 4 6
Less Heat
Emission
53 43 71 29 30 24 20 32 18 28
Figure 21: Graph showing advantages of CFLs over incandescent lamps
37
TABLE 20: Energy Consumption Pattern in the Sampled Estates
Estate LNRBQ
Pre-Installation Post-Installation Reduction
Consumption Dec ‘09 Jan ‘10 Feb ‘10 Average Apr ‘10 May ‘10 Jun ‘10 Average kWh %
kWh 36972 56784 46917 46891 34216 28184 26364 29588 17303 37
Naira (N) 199648.80 306633.60 253351.80 253211.40 152193.60 184766.40 142365.60 159775.20 93436.20 37
Estate MT – I & II
Pre-Installation Post-Installation Reduction
Consumption Jan ‘10 Feb ‘10 March ‘10 Average May ‘10 Jun ‘10 Jul ‘10 Average kWh %
kWh 153671 112940 146978 137863 100406 99980 89126 96504 41359 30
Naira (N) 829823.40 609876.00 793681.20 744460.20 542192.40 539892.00 481280.40 521121.60 223338.60 30
Estate UL – PSSSQ
Pre-Installation Post-Installation Reduction
Consumption Feb ‘10 Mar ‘10 Apr ‘10 Average Jun ‘10 Jul ‘10 Aug ‘10 Average kWh %
kWh 86049 80741 64052 76947 59319 50784 40788 50297 26650 35
Naira (N) 464664.60 436001.40 345880.80 415513.80 320322.60 274233.60 220255.20 271603.80 143970.00 35
Estate UL – GRAQ
Pre-Installation Post-Installation Reduction
Consumption Dec ‘09 Jan ‘10 Feb ‘10 Average Apr ‘10 May ‘10 Jun ‘10 Average kWh %
kWh 17398 23652 19728 20259 15525 13359 10147 13010 7249 36
Naira (N) 120048.50 163198.80 136124.93 139789.40 107120.20 92177.10 70014.30 89769.00 50020.40 36
Estate UL – PSJSQ
Pre-Installation Post-Installation Reduction
Consumption Feb ‘10 Mar ‘10 Apr ‘10 Average Jun ‘10 Jul ‘10 Aug ‘10 Average kWh %
kWh 27873 23906 17917 23232 21604 15193 11218 16005 7227 31
Naira (N) 150514.20 129092.40 96751.80 125452.80 116661.60 82042.20 60577.20 86427.00 39025.80 31
Note: Multiplier LNRB, MT- I & II, MT-III: N5.40 per kWh
UL-GRAQ, UL-PSSSQ, UL-PSJSQ, UL- PS, UL-MC: N6.90 per kWh
38
Figure 22(a): Average electricity consuption (kWh)
Figure 22(b): Average energy cost
39
4.2 Discussion of Results
As shown in table 10 and the corresponding Figures 12a and 12b, more than 70% of
questionnaires administered to respondents were completed and returned in all the sampled
estates. Although, majority of the installed CFLs in the estates are still functioning but less than
20% of respondents reported failure as shown in table 12 and Figure 14a and 14b, which may be
due to surge and erratic power supply. Figures 15 and 16 illustrate that over 90% of the
respondents are satisfied with the general performance of CFLs over incandescent lamps and that
they have improved illumination, low energy consumption and generate less heat than
incandescent lamps as shown in table 19 above. However, according to table 15, about 16% of
all respondents expressed concern about the lifespan of CFLs while others showed some concern
about the quality of lighting and lamp appearance.
During feedback visits, it was observed that 27% of all respondents were still using incandescent
lamps after we had installed CFLs. They attributed this to accidental damage, CFLs installed
burnt-out and high cost of CFLs compared to incandescent bulbs as presented in Table 16 and
represented by Figures 18a and 18b. Generally in all estates, preponderance of the respondents
rated the quality of the CFL installed as being excellent / very good. This is revealed by Table 17
and the resultant Figures 19a and b.
The analyses of the energy consumption pattern in the estates show that overall savings in energy
ranges between 30-37%. In LNRBQ, the sum of N93,436.20 is saved on average after
installation of CFLs and this translates to about N364 per household monthly. More so, a
reduction of 41359 kWh which amount to approximately 30% energy saving is achieved at MT-
I & II estates. Similarly, the reduction in cost of energy in UL- PSSSQ (N143,910), UL- GRAQ
(N50,020.40) and UL- PSJSQ (N39,025.80) which are equivalent to 35%, 36% and 31%
respectively were achieved.
4.3 Challenges
The use of CFLs in all the estates and facilities visited is generally low and the resident’s and
administrator’s awareness of energy conservation and sustainability is very poor. This scenario
may be attributed to a number of factors such as high cost of CFLs compared to incandescent
bulbs, low level of awareness of CFLs’ energy conservation and less heat emission, the short
lifespan of the type of CFLs available in the market and issuance of estimated bills to consumers
40
by PHCN. Other problems encountered include lack of cooperation from some residents of these
estates who believed that the bulbs replacement exercise is intruding on their privacy, vexing the
anger of erratic power supply on our personnel, refusal to part away with removed incandescent
lamps, reluctance to release electricity bills, lack of effective electric consumption metering
system, power surge and fluctuations, among others.
4.4 Further Work
The Centre is still monitoring the energy consumption in the estates and the University. The
replacement of all fluorescent tubes particularly in the University is now desirable so that the
whole campus will now be tagged Energy Efficient Campus. The total number of CFLs needed
to complete the replacement is 12,058 units.
41
CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
42
5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusion
A pilot project of free replacement of incandescent lamps with compact fluorescent lamps in
selected estates and facilities was conducted in Ilorin, Kwara State. Questionnaires were
administered to capture needed data to establish the connection between electricity consumption,
electricity saving, waste and the type of lighting in use in the estates and facilities under this pilot
scheme. The survey showed a preponderance of use of pin-type incandescent lamps to the screw-
type. Over 27, 000 CFLs were replaced in all the estates surveyed. Inadequacy of pin-type CFLs
led to the replacement of pin-type lamp holders with screw-types especially at University of
Ilorin permanent site and mini campus before carrying out bulb replacement exercise. Bulbs
replacement is yet to be carried out in Mandate III estate due to insufficient CFLs at hand.
A feedback survey was conducted in five residential estates where the replacement took place.
The feedback exercise has not been done in the University of Ilorin permanent and mini-campus
as the replacement is yet to be completed. Majority of the beneficiaries of this project are
satisfied with the overall performance of CFLs installed over incandescent lamps as well as other
brands of CFLs available. However, some residents expressed concern over the lifespan, cost and
non availability of genuine CFLs in the market for future purchase. This exercise has
successfully reduced electricity consumption considerably and overall, more than 30% energy
saving was achieved.
5.2 Recommendations
Based on the outcome of the survey to assess the state of the utilization of incandescent lamps;
retrofitting with compact fluorescent lamps; and monitoring and evaluation through feedback
surveys to assess the amount of energy saved as a result of this replacement, beneficiary
responses and ratings of CFLs, public opinion on acceptance or otherwise of the CFLs
retrofitting exercise, the following recommendations were made:
i. Organization of awareness and enlightenment programme through regular jingles on TV,
radio stations and print media should be carried out to sensitize the public of the
advantages of using CFLs over traditional incandescent lamps.
43
ii. Government should provide subsidy and support facilities to encourage wide usage of
CFLs
iii. There should be improvement in PHCN billing system and provision of prepaid meters
for all estates, facilities and other end users.
iv. Manufacturers should be advised to produce ‘candle screw’ CFLs of which the
incandescent type is now commonly used in household.
v. Government should encourage local production by granting rights to companies to
produce and distribute quality CFLs and also legislate against future importation of
incandescent lamps and other electricity consuming appliances.
vi. This idea of energy conservation and efficiency should be extended to cover other
household appliances.
44
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ajao, K.R., Ajimotokan, H.A., Popoola, O.T. and Akande, H.F. (2009), “Electric Energy Supply
in Nigeria, Decentralized Energy Approach”, Cogeneration and Distributed Generation
Journal, Vol. 24 No.4, pp 34-50
Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR) (2008), “Energy Consumption in the
United Kingdom”, Department for BERR 2002 (2008 Tables), London, UK
Duke Energy (2007), “Energy-Efficient Home Lighting”, available at http://www.duke-
energy.com (accessed 11 February, 2010)
Dzioubinski, O. and Chipman, R. (1999), “Trends in Consumption and Production: Household
Energy Consumption”, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA),
Division for Sustainable Development, DESA Discussion Paper, No. 6, NY, USA
Energy Star (2008), “Information on Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs (CFLs) and Mercury”,
available at http://www.energystar.gov/cfls (accessed 11 February, 2010)
Eric, M. and Nils, B. (1998), “Energy-Efficient Lighting Programs: Experience and Lessons
from Eight Countries”, Energy Policy, Vol. 26 No. 14, pp. 1071-1081
Keller, G. (2009), Managerial Statistics, 8th Edition, South-Western Cengage, USA
Powerline (2005), “Incandescent Versus Compact Fluorescent Lamps”, Information for Maine
Public Service Company Customers, Vol. 15 No.10, pp. 1-2
Sambo, A.S. (2008), “Electricity Demand from Customers of INGA Hydropower Projects: The
Case of Nigeria”, Paper Presented at the WEC Workshop on Financing INGA Hydropower
Projects, 21-22 April, London, UK
Sambo, A.S. (2005), “Renewable Energy for Rural Development: the Nigerian Perspective”,
ISESCO Science and Technology Vision, Vol. 1, pp. 12-22
Sambo, A.S. (1997), “Energy Options for Sustainable National Development: Resources, Issues,
and the Position of Renewable Energy Technologies”, Inaugural Lecture Series No.1,
Abubakar Tafawa Balawa University Ceremonies, Bauchi, 17th January, 1996
45
APPENDIX I
This questionnaire is on ECN Energy-Efficient lighting project in Ilorin, Nigeria. This study is aimed at replacing
incandescent lamps with Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) within and around each household.
Please, supply accurate information on the following as applicable to each household within estate.
1. Basic Data
Name of Estate: __________________________________________________________________
Location________________________________________________________________________
Street Name / Block Number / Flat Number: ___________________________________________
Town / LGA: ___________________________ State: _______________________________
2. Structural Data (Tick appropriate box)
Building type: Storey building ( ) Duplex ( ) Bungalow ( ) BQs ( ) Others ( )
No. of units [1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ ] indicate if more than 6
No. of flat per unit [1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ ]
No. of bedrooms [1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ ]
No. of rooms in BQ [1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ ]
No. of shops [1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ ]
3. Lighting Information
Kindly fill as appropriate the total number of lighting points according to the lamp-type in your household
Wattage
No. of incandescent
lamps
No. of fluorescent
lamps
No. of halogen lamps No. of CFLs
Pin-type Screw-type Indoor Outdoor Indoor Outdoor Indoor Outdoor
5-8W
9-12W
13-16W
17-20W
20W
40W
60W
100W
150W
200W &
above
4. Electricity Consumption
i. Monthly Comsumption
ii. Monthly Bill Piad (N)
5. PHCN Feeder Readings:
46
APPENDIX II
NATIONAL CENTRE FOR HYDROPOWER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT,
UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, ILORIN.
Introduction
The National Centre for hydropower research and development (NACHRED) is an agency of
Energy Commission of Nigeria (ECN) Abuja, and situated at the Mini Campus of University of
Ilorin.
The Centre is carrying out a survey to determine the lifespan and efficacy of the Compact
Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) also known as Energy Saving Bulbs installed in your apartment
by the Centre. The Centre is also interested in PHCN bill reduction after the installation of
the CFLs.
Therefore, your accurate responses are required to achieve the purpose of the survey.
Please be assured that absolute confidentiality of your responses is guaranteed.
Questionnaire
A. Basic Information
1. Name of Estate __________________________________
2. Street Name ____________________________________
3. Block No / Flat No ________________________________
4. Town / LGA _____________________________________
5. State __________________________________________
6. Telephone No ____________________________________
B. Structural Information (Tick appropriate box)
1. Building Type: Storey Building ( ) Duplex ( ) Bungalow ( ) BQ ( ) Others (specify)
____________
2. No of Bedrooms [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ ] indicate if more than 4
C. Lighting Information (Part 1)
1. How many CFLs were installed in your apartment? Specify their wattages:
47
Wattage Pin-type Screw-type Total
5W
8W
14W
18W
Total
2. What was your average monthly PHCN bill before installing CFLs?
_________________________________
D. Lighting Information (Part 2)
1. Are all the lamps still operating?
Yes [ ]
No [ ]
2. If NO to question 1, how many has failed? [ ]
3. If NO to question 1, after how long did the lamp(s) fail?
Less than 1 month [ ]
Between 1 and 3 months [ ]
Between 3 and 6 months [ ]
Between 6 and 9 months [ ]
Between 9 and 12 months [ ]
4. In case the lamp(s) failed prematurely, what do you think is responsible for it?
Over use [ ] Erratic power supply [ ]
Electrical fault [ ] Poor quality of the lamps [ ]
Others (specify) ______________________________________
5. On an average, how many hours a day are the lamps in use?
Duration
CFLs installed indoor CFLs installed outdoor
48
Less than 4 hrs
Between 4 & 8 hrs
Between 8 & 12 hrs
More than 12 hrs
6. Are you satisfied with the performance of the CFLs?
Yes [ ]
No [ ]
7. If yes to question 5, what can you say about the illumination of your apartment after
installing CFLs?
Improved [ ]
No difference [ ]
Worse [ ]
8. If No to question 5, what aspect are you not satisfied with?
Quality of light [ ]
Lamp appearance [ ]
Other (specify) ___________________
9. In comparison with incandescent lamps, what can you say about the CFLs?
Not good [ ]
Better [ ]
No difference [ ]
10. What is your current monthly PHCN bill? ______________________
11. Do you have suggestions for improving the program?
Suggestions: ………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Thank you for your cooperation
49
APPENDIX III
ENERGY COMMISSION OF NIGERIA
ECOWAS /CUBA /ECN: HIGH QUALITY COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS (CFL)
ILORIN PILOT PROJECT
FEEDBACK FROM THE BENEFICIARIES
A: Basic Data
Name of Estate: ___________________________________________________________
House Address: ___________________________________________________________
Type of Resident: __________________________________________________________
Town/State: ______________________________________________________________
Respondent: ______________________________________________________________
Tel No: ___________________________________________________________________
Email Address: _____________________________________________________________
B. Lighting Information
1. How many lighting points are in your house? _______________
2. How many incandescent Lamps were replaced? _____________
3. Were all your incandescent lamps replaced? YES or NO
4. If YES, do you still have any incandescent lamp in your house? YES or NO
5. If YES, why? Tick reason(s) as appropriate:
Reasons for Having Incandescent lamps
CFL installed burnt out
Was stolen
Damaged accidentally
Others (specify)
50
6. If answers to number 3 above is NO, why? Tick reason(s) as appropriate:
Reasons for non-replacement of all
incandescent lamps
Forgotten
Not at home
Lamps finished while replacing
Others (specify)
7. How would you rate the quality of the CFLs installed?
Rating of the lamp’s quality
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Fair
Poor
8. Have you made any attempt to compare the quality of the ECN’s CFLs with those in the open
market? YES or NO.
9. If YES, please thick your findings as appropriate:
Findings
Far brighter
Last longer
Better shaped
Others (specify)
10. Have you seen the same brand of the ECN’s CFLs in the open market? YES or NO
11. If YES, where? _______________________ and how much was it sold? __________________
12. What is the estimated hours of use per day of the CFLs installed in your apartment? _________
51
13. What are your electricity billings before and after the replacement?
SN
Month
Electricity Bills
Before Replacement After Replacement
1
2
3
4
5
14. How would you rate the illumination (brightness) of the CFLs over incandescent lamps?
Ratings of CFL’s illumination
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Fair
Poor
15. Have there been any damage or burnt out to /of CFLs replaced in your apartment? YES or NO
16. What advantages of the CFLs have you observed over incandescent bulbs? Tick reason(s) as
appropriate:
Advantages observed
Energy Efficiency (Low Energy Consumption)
Lower Electricity and Lighting Bills
High Quality Light (Better Lighting)
Long lasting (Longer Lifespan)
Less Heat Emission
52
17. In the event of damage or burnt out, would you replace the bulbs with CFLs again? YES or NO
18. Since after the replacement, have you bought and installed new electricity consuming
appliance(s)? YES or NO
19. If YES, please list them
Energy Efficient Applinaces
CFLs
Fridges
Energy Efficient Cars
Others (specify)
20. Will you recommend for extension of this initiative to other household appliances? YES or NO
21. If YES, mention in other of priority your household appliances that you would want to be more
efficient products.
22. Would you recommend for the expansion of this initiative to cover the whole country? YES or
NO
23. If YES to question 22, what should government do to achieve this goal, in your own opinion?
24. Will you like this initiative to be exte3nded to other energy appliances in your house? YES or
NO.
