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South Carolina Civil ProcedureFourth Edition
Summary of Contents for Volumes I & II
Volume I
Chapter 1: Scope of the Rules .....................................................................................1
Chapter 2: One Form of Action....................................................................................7
Chapter 3: Commencement of the Action...................................................................9
Chapter 4: Process........................................................................................................15
Chapter 5: Service and Filing of Pleadings and Other Papers............................55
Chapter 6: One Form of Action..................................................................................69
Chapter 7: Motions.......................................................................................................79
Chapter 8: Pleadings.....................................................................................................83
Chapter 9: Pleading Special Matters........................................................................99
Chapter 10: Form of Pleadings.................................................................................105
Chapter 11: Signings of Pleadings; Attorneys......................................................111
Chapter 12: Defenses and Objections - When and How Presnted - by Pleading or Motion - Motion for Judgment or Pleadings....123
Chapter 13: Counterclaims and Cross-Claims and Third-Party Claims.........155
Chapter 14: Third-Party Practice...........................................................................169
Chapter 15: Amendments and Supplemental Pleadings........................................179
Chapter 16: Pre-Trial Conference..........................................................................197
Chapter 17: Parties Plaintiff and Defendant: Capacity......................................205
Chapter 18: Joinder of Claims and Remedies........................................................221
Chapter 19: Joinder of Persons Needed for a Just Adjudication....................225
Chapter 20: Permissive Joinder of Parties............................................................235
Chapter 21: Misjoinder and Non-Joinder of Parties..........................................243
Chapter 22: Interpleader...........................................................................................247
Chapter 23: Class Actions.........................................................................................253
Chapter 24: Intervention...........................................................................................283
Chapter 25: Substitution of Parties........................................................................297
Chapter 26: General Provisions Governing Discovery......................................303
Chapter 27: Depositions Before Action or Pending Appeal...............................343
Chapter 28: Persons Before Whom Depositions May Be Taken; Depositions in Out-of-State Actions................................................347
Chapter 29: Stipulations Regarding Discovery....................................................353
Chapter 30: Depositions Upon Oral Examination................................................355
Chapter 31: Depositions Upon Written Questions...............................................383
Chapter 32: Use of Depositions in Court Proceedings.......................................385
Chapter 33: Interrogatories....................................................................................395
Chapter 34: Production of Documents and Things and Entry Upon Land for Inspection and Other Purposes.............................407
Chapter 35: Physical and Mental Examinations...................................................419
Chapter 36: Requests for Admission.......................................................................427
Chapter 37: Failure to Make or Cooperate in Discovery; Sanctions.............437
Volume II
Chapter 38: Jury Trial of Right..............................................................................451
Chapter 39: Trial by Jury or the Court................................................................455
Chapter 40: General Docket, Trial Rosters, and Call of Cases for Trial...............................................................465
Chapter 41: Dismissal of Actions; Non-Suit..........................................................481
Chapter 41.1: Sealing Documents and Settlement Agreements.........................495
Chapter 41.2: Privacy Protection for Filings......................................................501
Chapter 42: Consolidation; Separate Trials.........................................................513
Chapter 43: Evidence; Conduct of Trial................................................................519
Chapter 44: Proof of Official Record...................................................................531
Chapter 45: Subpoenas................................................................................................537
Chapter 46: Exceptions Unnecessary......................................................................555
Chapter 47: Jurors......................................................................................................559
Chapter 48: Juries of Less Than Twelve; Majority Verdict.............................571
Chapter 49: Special Verdicts and Interrogatories..............................................573
Chapter 50: Motion for Directed Verdict and for Judgment Notwithstanding the Verdict............................................................581
Chapter 51: Instructions to Jury: Objection.......................................................595
Chapter 52: Findings by the Court...........................................................................601
Chapter 53: Masters and Special Referees............................................................611
Chapter 54: Judgment.................................................................................................617
Chapter 55: Defaults...................................................................................................633
Chapter 56: Summary Judgment................................................................................649
Chapter 57: Declaratory Judgment........................................................................669
Chapter 58: Entry of Judgment................................................................................675
Chapter 59: New Trials; Amendment of Judgments.............................................681
Chapter 60: Relief from Judgment or Order........................................................713
Chapter 61: Harmless Error....................................................................................733
Chapter 62: Stay of Proceedings to Enforce a Judgment..................................737
Chapter 63: Disability of a Judge.............................................................................743
Chapter 64: Remedies for Seizure Remedies Not Provided................................747
Chapter 65: Injunctions; Mandamus, Habeas Corpus, and Other Remedial Writs.................................................................753
Chapter 66: Receivers.................................................................................................765
Chapter 67: Deposit in Court....................................................................................769
Chapter 68: Offer of Judgment................................................................................771
Chapter 69: Execution................................................................................................777
Chapter 70: Judgment for Specific Acts; Vesting Title......................................779
Chapter 71: Foreclosure and Partition.................................................................781
Chapter 71.1: Post-Conviction Relief Action.......................................................791
Chapter 72: Judgments and Orders Subject to Appeal......................................797
Chapter 73: Procedure on Appeal to the Supreme Court or Court of Appeal...............................................................................811
Chapter 74: Procedure on Appeal to the Circuit Court...................................813
Chapter 75: Record on Appeal to the Circuit Court; Transmittal.................819
Chapter 76: Arbitration; Auto Reparation...........................................................821
Chapter 77: Courts and Clerks................................................................................825
Chapter 78: Clerks of Court; Records, Abstracts, Books...............................829
Chapter 79: Calendar of Civil Actions; File Book.............................................831
Chapter 80: Stenographic Report of Transcript as Evidence..........................835
Chapter 81: Applicability...........................................................................................837
Chapter 82: Jurisdiction and Venue........................................................................841
Chapter 83: Rule 83 (Reserved)..................................................................................843
Chapter 84: Forms.......................................................................................................845
Chapter 85: Title; Criminal Procedure; Rules Repealed...................................847
Chapter 86: Effective Date........................................................................................849
Chapter 87: Subject Matter Jurisdiction..............................................................851
Chapter 88: Personal Jurisdiction over Persons and Property......................865
Chapter 89: Venue........................................................................................................895
Chapter 90: Res Judicata............................................................................................923
A detailed Table of Contents follows this Summary of Contents.
i
South Carolina Civil ProcedureFourth Edition
Volume IChapters 1 to 37
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Scope of the Rules .....................................................................................1A. History of the Civil Rules.......................................................................................1B. The Scope of the Rules...........................................................................................4C. The Purpose of the Rules........................................................................................4D. The Declining Uniformity of State and Federal Rules of Procedure......................5
Chapter 2: One Form of Action....................................................................................7 Chapter 3: Commencement of the Action...................................................................9
A. Introduction...........................................................................................................10B. Tolling of Statute of Limitations...........................................................................11
C. Filing In Forma Pauperis......................................................................................14 Chapter 4: Process........................................................................................................15
A. Issuance and Content of the Summons.................................................................22B. Persons Eligible to Serve Process.........................................................................24C. Personal Service and Voluntary Appearance........................................................25D. Service on Individuals..........................................................................................27
1. Personal Delivery...........................................................................................282. Delivery to Dwelling Place or Usual Place of Abode....................................283. Delivery to Authorized Agent........................................................................29
E. Individuals Under a Disability..............................................................................30F. Service Upon Corporations or Other Business Associations................................31G. Service on the State, a State Officer or Agency, or a Governmental Subdivision............................................................................32H. Service by Certified Mail Under 4(d)(8)...............................................................33I. Service by Commercial Delivery Service Under Rule 4(d)(9).............................34
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J. Service by Methods Authorized by Statute...........................................................351. Service Under the Long-Arm Statute.............................................................372. Statutory Methods of Service on Corporations, Partnerships,
Other Business Entities, and Affiliated Individuals.......................................38K. Service by Publication..........................................................................................47L. Territorial Limits of Effective Service..................................................................48M. Proof and Return of Service..................................................................................49N. Amendment of Process or Proof of Service..........................................................50O. Challenges to Service............................................................................................50P. Immunity from Service of Process.......................................................................53
Chapter 5: Service and Filing of Pleadings and Other Papers............................55
A. When Service is Required.....................................................................................58B. Method of Service Under Rule 5..........................................................................61C. Exception When There Are Numerous Defendants..............................................65D. Papers to Be Filed with the Court.........................................................................65E. Filing Defined.......................................................................................................66
Chapter 6: One Form of Action..................................................................................69A. Computation of Time............................................................................................71B. Extension of Time.................................................................................................72C. Time Periods Set by Statute or Rule and Not Term of Court...............................74D. Time Requirements for Motions and Affidavits....................................................74E. Time Extended When Service is by Mail.............................................................77F. Combining the Extensions Under Rule 6(a) and 6(e)...........................................78
Chapter 7: Motions.......................................................................................................79A. Pleadings Allowed................................................................................................80B. Motions..................................................................................................................81
Chapter 8: Pleadings.....................................................................................................83
A. Introduction...........................................................................................................86B. Code Pleading.......................................................................................................86C. The Complaint.......................................................................................................90D. The Answer...........................................................................................................93
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E. Affirmative Defenses............................................................................................94F. Consistency in Pleading; Construction of Pleadings............................................96
Chapter 9: Pleading Special Matters........................................................................99A. Introduction.........................................................................................................100B. Capacity...............................................................................................................101C. Fraud, Mistake, Condition of Mind....................................................................101D. Conditions Precedent, Official Document or Act, Judgments and Time and Place...........................................................................102E. Time and Place....................................................................................................103F. Special Damages.................................................................................................103G. Libel and Slander................................................................................................104
H. Verification of Account.......................................................................................104
Chapter 10: Form of Pleadings.................................................................................105
A. The Caption.........................................................................................................106B. Paragraphs, Exhibits and Papers.........................................................................109
Chapter 11: Signings of Pleadings; Attorneys......................................................111A. Introduction.........................................................................................................113B. Attorney’s Certification......................................................................................114
1. Rule 11.........................................................................................................1142. South Carolina Frivolous Civil Proceedings Act.........................................1163. Federal Rule 11............................................................................................118
C. Change of Attorney.............................................................................................119D. Affidavits and Verifications................................................................................119E. Attorney as Surety...............................................................................................120F. Sanctions Under Other Rules..............................................................................120
Chapter 12: Defenses and Objections - When and How Presnted - by Pleading or Motion - Motion for Judgment or Pleadings....123
A. Introduction.........................................................................................................127B. The Time to Plead or Otherwise Respond..........................................................128C. The Presentation of Defenses..............................................................................130
1. Rule 12(b)(1) Motion to Dismiss for Lackof Subject Matter Jurisdiction......................................................................133
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2. Rule 12(b)(2) Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Personal Jurisdiction................................................................................1343. Rule 12(b)(3) Motion for Change in Venue.................................................1364. Rule 12(b)(4) Motion to Dismiss for Insufficiency
of Process and Rule 12(b)(5) Motion to Dismiss for Insufficiency of Service of Process.........................................................1375. Rule 12(b)(6) Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State a Cause of Action............................................................................1386. Rule 12(b)(7) Motion to Dismiss for Failure to Join a Party Under Rule 19.......................................................................1447. Rule 12(b)(8) Motion to Dismiss Because Another Action is Pending Between the Same Parties for the Same Claim...........................145
D. Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings...............................................................146E. Preliminary Hearings..........................................................................................148F. Motion for a More Definite Statement................................................................148G. Motion to Strike..................................................................................................149H. Consolidation and Waiver of Defenses...............................................................151
Chapter 13: Counterclaims and Cross-Claims and Third-Party Claims.........155A. Introduction.........................................................................................................157B. Compulsory and Permissive Counterclaims.......................................................158C. Exceptions to the Compulsory Counterclaim Rule.............................................160D. Consequences of the Compulsory-Permissive Distinction.................................162E. Omitted and After-Acquired Counterclaims.......................................................164F. Cross-Claims.......................................................................................................165G. Joinder of Additional Parties...............................................................................166H. Separate Trials; Separate Judgments...................................................................167I. Counterclaims and Cross-Claims Exceeding the Jurisdiction of the Court........168
Chapter 14: Third-Party Practice...........................................................................169
A. Introduction.........................................................................................................170B. Acceleration of Claims.......................................................................................171C. Procedure Under Rule 14....................................................................................173
1. Motion to Implead and Third-Party Complaint............................................1732. The Response of the Third-Party Defendant................................................1743. The Plaintiff and the Third-Party Defendant................................................175
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4. Motion to Strike, Sever or Grant Separate Trial to Third-Party Claims..........................................................................1765. Rule 14(b) and 14(c)....................................................................................176
Chapter 15: Amendments and Supplemental Pleadings........................................179
A. Amendment of Right...........................................................................................181B. Pre-Trial Amendments in the Discretion of the Court........................................182C. Amendments to Conform to the Evidence..........................................................186
1. Express or Implied Consent..........................................................................1872. Amendment After Objection to Evidence....................................................188
D. Relation Back of Amendments...........................................................................189E. Relation Back of an Amendment Changing Parties...........................................190F. Supplemental Pleadings......................................................................................193G. Procedure for Amendment..................................................................................194
Chapter 16: Pre-Trial Conference..........................................................................197A. Introduction.........................................................................................................200B. Pre-Trial Hearings...............................................................................................200C. Pre-Trial Orders..................................................................................................202D. Status Conferences..............................................................................................203
Chapter 17: Parties Plaintiff and Defendant: Capacity......................................205A. Real Party in Interest...........................................................................................209B. Capacity to Sue or Be Sued................................................................................214C. Minor or Incompetent Persons............................................................................215D. Guardians ad Litem.............................................................................................217E. Unknown Owners or Heirs as Parties.................................................................218F. Actions for Partition of Real Estate of Deceased Person....................................218
Chapter 18: Joinder of Claims and Remedies........................................................221
A. Joinder Under Rule 18................................................................................222B. Joinder Issues......................................................................................................223
Chapter 19: Joinder of Persons Needed for a Just Adjudication....................225A. Introduction.........................................................................................................226B. Determination by Court Whenever Joinder Not Feasible...................................230
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C. Asserting the Failure to Join a Party Necessary for Just Adjudication...............232D. Conclusion...........................................................................................................233E. Pleading; Class Actions.......................................................................................233
Chapter 20: Permissive Joinder of Parties............................................................235
A. Permissive Joinder of Parties..............................................................................2361. Introduction..................................................................................................2362. Same Transaction or Occurrence Test..........................................................2383. The Common Question of Law or Fact Test................................................240
B. Separate Trials.....................................................................................................241
Chapter 21: Misjoinder and Non-Joinder of Parties..........................................243 Chapter 22: Interpleader...........................................................................................247
A. Interpleader Under Rule 22.................................................................................248B. Procedure in Interpleader Actions......................................................................250
Chapter 23: Class Actions.........................................................................................253A. Introduction.........................................................................................................256
1. Class Actions Under Code Pleading............................................................2562. Class Actions Under Rule 23.......................................................................257
B. Prerequisites to a Class Action...........................................................................2581. There Must Be a Class..................................................................................2592. Joinder of All Class Members Must Be Impracticable................................2603. Questions of Law or Fact Are Common to the Class...................................2614. The Representative Must Be a Member of the Class...................................2625. The Claims or Defenses of the Representative
Are Typical of Those of the Class................................................................2636. The Representative May Fairly
and Adequately Represent the Class............................................................2637. Minimum Amount in Controversy
in Actions for Money Damages....................................................................264C. Additional Considerations..................................................................................265
1. Comparison with Federal Rule 23................................................................2652. The Tolling Effect of Rule 23.......................................................................267
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vii
D. Derivative Actions by Shareholders...................................................................2691. Introduction..................................................................................................2692. The Requirements for a Derivative Action..................................................271
E. Actions Relating to Unincorporated Associations..............................................274F. Dismissal or Compromise of Class Actions.......................................................275G. Orders in the Conduct of Actions.......................................................................276
1. Introduction..................................................................................................2762. The Class Action Determination..................................................................2773. Notice...........................................................................................................2784. Orders Relating to Adequate Representation...............................................2805. Election to Be Bound; Scope of Judgment; Appealability...........................280
H. Disposition of Residual Funds............................................................................281
Chapter 24: Intervention...........................................................................................283A. Introduction.........................................................................................................285B. Intervention as of Right......................................................................................286
1. Timeliness of Application............................................................................2862. An Interest in the Property or Transaction...................................................2873. The Disposition of the Action May as a Practical Matter Impair or Impede the Ability of the Applicant to Protect His Interest....................2894. Adequacy of Representation........................................................................290
C. Permissive Intervention......................................................................................292D. Relationship of Rule 19 and Rule 24..................................................................293E. Procedure Under Rule 24(c)...............................................................................293
Chapter 25: Substitution of Parties........................................................................297A. Introduction.........................................................................................................299B. Death of a Party..................................................................................................299C. Incompetency or Transfer of Interest..................................................................300D. Public Officers.....................................................................................................301
Chapter 26: General Provisions Governing Discovery......................................303A. Introduction.........................................................................................................312B. Methods of Discovery and Prevention of Discovery Abuse...............................313
1. Methods of Discovery..................................................................................313
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viii
2. Control of Discovery Abuse.........................................................................313C. Scope of Discovery.............................................................................................314D. Insurance Agreements.........................................................................................317E. Trial Preparation: Materials................................................................................317
1. Work Product...............................................................................................3172. Showing to Overcome Work Product Privilege...........................................3183. Statements by a Party or Witness.................................................................320
F. Trial Preparation: Experts...................................................................................3201. Overview......................................................................................................3202. Experts Expected to Testify.........................................................................3213. Experts Not Expected to Testify..................................................................3224. Costs and Place of Production......................................................................323
G. Identification of Materials Withheld Because of Privilege.................................324H. Electronic Discovery...........................................................................................325
1. Overview......................................................................................................3252. Pretrial Procedures.......................................................................................3263. Special Procedures for Electronically Stored Information...........................3264. Production of Information Subject to a Privilege.........................................3295. Specifying the Form of the Production
of Electronically Stored Information............................................................331I. Protective Orders................................................................................................332
1. Procedure......................................................................................................3322. Protection from Subpoenas..........................................................................3363. Sealing Documents, Settlement Agreements
and Closing Courtrooms...............................................................................338J. Sequence and Timing of Discovery....................................................................339
Chapter 27: Depositions Before Action or Pending Appeal...............................343
Chapter 28: Persons Before Whom Depositions May Be Taken; Depositions in Out-of-State Actions................................................347
A. Persons Before Whom a Deposition is Taken; United States and Foreign Countries..................................................................349B. Depositions in an Out-of-State Action................................................................351
Chapter 29: Stipulations Regarding Discovery....................................................353
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ix
Chapter 30: Depositions Upon Oral Examination................................................355A. Scheduling and Limitations on the Use of Deposition.......................................367B. General Procedures for Oral Depositions...........................................................369
1. Notice...........................................................................................................3692. Combining a Deposition and Document Request........................................3703. Depositions of Representatives of Corporations, Partnerships,
Associations and Governmental Agencies...................................................3714. Alternate Procedures for Oral Depositions;
Non-Stenographic Recording; Telephone Depositions................................373C. Conduct of the Examination of the Deponent....................................................373
1. Deposition Procedure...................................................................................3732. Conduct of Counsel During the Deposition.................................................375
D. Motions During a Deposition.............................................................................377E. Review and Signature by the Deponent..............................................................377F. Certification by Officer; Delivery to Party Taking Deposition; and Exhibits........................................................................378G. Expenses for Failure to Secure Attendance of the Deponent..............................379H. Videotaped Depositions......................................................................................379
1. Notice and Preparation for the Deposition...................................................3792. Recording of Testimony...............................................................................3793. Objections; Editing of Videotape.................................................................3804. Use of Deposition at Trial.............................................................................381
I. Depositions of Treating Medical Personnel........................................................381
Chapter 31: Depositions Upon Written Questions...............................................383
Chapter 32: Use of Depositions in Court Proceedings.......................................385A. Use of Depositions at Trial or Hearing...............................................................388
1. Use of a Deposition for Impeachment..........................................................3892. Use of An Adverse Party’s Deposition for Any Purpose.............................3903. Use of a Deposition for Any Purpose...........................................................390
B. Use of the Deposition.........................................................................................3921. Procedures Used at Trial..............................................................................3922. Evidentiary Objections to the Deposition....................................................3933. Objections to the Deposition Notice; Completion and
Certification, and the Officer Taking the Deposition...................................394
Table of Contents
x
Chapter 33: Interrogatories....................................................................................395A. Introduction........................................................................................................398B. Procedure............................................................................................................399
1. Interrogatories...............................................................................................3992. Answers to Interrogatories.............................................................................399
C. Standard Interrogatories......................................................................................401D. Supplementation of Interrogatories.....................................................................402E. Motions Regarding the Sufficiency of Answers to Interrogatories.....................403F. The Option to Produce Business Records...........................................................405G. Evidentiary Use of Interrogatories......................................................................405
Chapter 34: Production of Documents and Things and Entry Upon Land for Inspection and Other Purposes.............................407
A. Scope of Rule 34.................................................................................................409B. Procedure............................................................................................................410
1. Request for Production.................................................................................4102. Response to the Request for Production.......................................................411
C. Motions Regarding Production Requests...........................................................413D. Production Requests Directed to Non-Parties.....................................................414
1. Subpoenas Under Rule 45............................................................................4142. Independent Equitable Action for Discovery...............................................415
E. Evidentiary Use of Documents and Tangible Things.........................................416
Chapter 35: Physical and Mental Examinations...................................................419A. Introduction.........................................................................................................421B. Restrictions on Physical and Mental Examinations............................................421C. Exchange of the Report of the Examination.......................................................425
Chapter 36: Requests for Admission.......................................................................427A. Introduction.........................................................................................................428B. Procedure............................................................................................................429
1. Requests to Admit.........................................................................................4292. The Responses to a Request to Admit..........................................................430
C. Pre-Trial Challenge to the Sufficiency of the Response.....................................432D. Effect of an Admission; Withdrawal of the Admission......................................433
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xi
E. Sanctions for Improperly Refusing to Admit Under Rule 37(c)........................434
Chapter 37: Failure to Make or Cooperate in Discovery; Sanctions.............437A. Introduction.........................................................................................................440B. Orders Compelling Discovery; Costs.................................................................441C. Sanctions for Violating Discovery Orders..........................................................442D. Sanctions Without Violation of Court Order......................................................447
Table of Cases and Index............................................................................................449(Table of Cases and Index for entire text included in both Volumes)
NOTE: Chapters 38 to 90 can be found in Volume II
Table of Contents
xii
South Carolina Civil ProcedureFourth Edition
Summary of Contents for Volumes I & II
Volume I
Chapter 1: Scope of the Rules .....................................................................................1
Chapter 2: One Form of Action....................................................................................7
Chapter 3: Commencement of the Action...................................................................9
Chapter 4: Process........................................................................................................15
Chapter 5: Service and Filing of Pleadings and Other Papers............................55
Chapter 6: One Form of Action..................................................................................69
Chapter 7: Motions.......................................................................................................79
Chapter 8: Pleadings.....................................................................................................83
Chapter 9: Pleading Special Matters........................................................................99
Chapter 10: Form of Pleadings.................................................................................105
Chapter 11: Signings of Pleadings; Attorneys......................................................111
Chapter 12: Defenses and Objections - When and How Presnted - by Pleading or Motion - Motion for Judgment or Pleadings....123
Chapter 13: Counterclaims and Cross-Claims and Third-Party Claims.........155
Chapter 14: Third-Party Practice...........................................................................169
Chapter 15: Amendments and Supplemental Pleadings........................................179
Chapter 16: Pre-Trial Conference..........................................................................197
Chapter 17: Parties Plaintiff and Defendant: Capacity......................................205
Chapter 18: Joinder of Claims and Remedies........................................................221
Chapter 19: Joinder of Persons Needed for a Just Adjudication....................225
Chapter 20: Permissive Joinder of Parties............................................................235
Chapter 21: Misjoinder and Non-Joinder of Parties..........................................243
Chapter 22: Interpleader...........................................................................................247
Chapter 23: Class Actions.........................................................................................253
Chapter 24: Intervention...........................................................................................283
Chapter 25: Substitution of Parties........................................................................297
Chapter 26: General Provisions Governing Discovery......................................303
Chapter 27: Depositions Before Action or Pending Appeal...............................343
Chapter 28: Persons Before Whom Depositions May Be Taken; Depositions in Out-of-State Actions................................................347
Chapter 29: Stipulations Regarding Discovery....................................................353
Chapter 30: Depositions Upon Oral Examination................................................355
Chapter 31: Depositions Upon Written Questions...............................................383
Chapter 32: Use of Depositions in Court Proceedings.......................................385
Chapter 33: Interrogatories....................................................................................395
Chapter 34: Production of Documents and Things and Entry Upon Land for Inspection and Other Purposes.............................407
Chapter 35: Physical and Mental Examinations...................................................419
Chapter 36: Requests for Admission.......................................................................427
Chapter 37: Failure to Make or Cooperate in Discovery; Sanctions.............437
Volume II
Chapter 38: Jury Trial of Right..............................................................................451
Chapter 39: Trial by Jury or the Court................................................................455
Chapter 40: General Docket, Trial Rosters, and Call of Cases for Trial...............................................................465
Chapter 41: Dismissal of Actions; Non-Suit..........................................................481
Chapter 41.1: Sealing Documents and Settlement Agreements.........................495
Chapter 41.2: Privacy Protection for Filings......................................................501
Chapter 42: Consolidation; Separate Trials.........................................................513
Chapter 43: Evidence; Conduct of Trial................................................................519
Chapter 44: Proof of Official Record...................................................................531
Chapter 45: Subpoenas................................................................................................537
Chapter 46: Exceptions Unnecessary......................................................................555
Chapter 47: Jurors......................................................................................................559
Chapter 48: Juries of Less Than Twelve; Majority Verdict.............................571
Chapter 49: Special Verdicts and Interrogatories..............................................573
Chapter 50: Motion for Directed Verdict and for Judgment Notwithstanding the Verdict............................................................581
Chapter 51: Instructions to Jury: Objection.......................................................595
Chapter 52: Findings by the Court...........................................................................601
Chapter 53: Masters and Special Referees............................................................611
Chapter 54: Judgment.................................................................................................617
Chapter 55: Defaults...................................................................................................633
Chapter 56: Summary Judgment................................................................................649
Chapter 57: Declaratory Judgment........................................................................669
Chapter 58: Entry of Judgment................................................................................675
Chapter 59: New Trials; Amendment of Judgments.............................................681
Chapter 60: Relief from Judgment or Order........................................................713
Chapter 61: Harmless Error....................................................................................733
Chapter 62: Stay of Proceedings to Enforce a Judgment..................................737
Chapter 63: Disability of a Judge.............................................................................743
Chapter 64: Remedies for Seizure Remedies Not Provided................................747
Chapter 65: Injunctions; Mandamus, Habeas Corpus, and Other Remedial Writs.................................................................753
Chapter 66: Receivers.................................................................................................765
Chapter 67: Deposit in Court....................................................................................769
Chapter 68: Offer of Judgment................................................................................771
Chapter 69: Execution................................................................................................777
Chapter 70: Judgment for Specific Acts; Vesting Title......................................779
Chapter 71: Foreclosure and Partition.................................................................781
Chapter 71.1: Post-Conviction Relief Action.......................................................791
Chapter 72: Judgments and Orders Subject to Appeal......................................797
Chapter 73: Procedure on Appeal to the Supreme Court or Court of Appeal...............................................................................811
Chapter 74: Procedure on Appeal to the Circuit Court...................................813
Chapter 75: Record on Appeal to the Circuit Court; Transmittal.................819
Chapter 76: Arbitration; Auto Reparation...........................................................821
Chapter 77: Courts and Clerks................................................................................825
Chapter 78: Clerks of Court; Records, Abstracts, Books...............................829
Chapter 79: Calendar of Civil Actions; File Book.............................................831
Chapter 80: Stenographic Report of Transcript as Evidence..........................835
Chapter 81: Applicability...........................................................................................837
Chapter 82: Jurisdiction and Venue........................................................................841
Chapter 83: Rule 83 (Reserved)..................................................................................843
Chapter 84: Forms.......................................................................................................845
Chapter 85: Title; Criminal Procedure; Rules Repealed...................................847
Chapter 86: Effective Date........................................................................................849
Chapter 87: Subject Matter Jurisdiction..............................................................851
Chapter 88: Personal Jurisdiction over Persons and Property......................865
Chapter 89: Venue........................................................................................................895
Chapter 90: Res Judicata............................................................................................923
A detailed Table of Contents follows this Summary of Contents.
i
South Carolina Civil ProcedureFourth Edition
Volume IIChapters 38 to 90
Table of Contents
Chapter 38: Jury Trial of Right..............................................................................451A. Assertion of the Right to a Jury..........................................................................452B. Waiver of the Right to a Jury..............................................................................453
Chapter 39: Trial by Jury or the Court................................................................455A. Trial by Jury or by the Court..............................................................................456B. The Constitutional Right to a Jury......................................................................457
1. Traditional Actions at Law...........................................................................4582. Traditional Actions in Equity.......................................................................4603. Determination of Whether Action is Legal or Equitable.............................4614. Procedure When Legal and Equitable Claims..............................................4615. Statutes on Right to Jury Trial......................................................................463
Chapter 40: General Docket, Trial Rosters, and Call of Cases for Trial...............................................................465
A. Introduction to Scheduling for Trials and Hearings...........................................472B. Transfer of Case to Jury Trial Roster..................................................................474
1. Within 120 Days After Filing.......................................................................4742. 120 Days After Filing – Certification that Case is Ready for Trial..............4743. Six to Nine Months After Filing...................................................................4754. Nine to Twelve Months After Filing – Scheduling Order............................4755. Twelve Months After Filing – Mandatory Transfer.....................................476
C. The Call of Cases on the Jury Roster..................................................................476D. Motions Practice.................................................................................................477E. Continuance........................................................................................................477F. Striking a Case from the Active Roster..............................................................478
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Chapter 41: Dismissal of Actions; Non-Suit..........................................................481A. Dismissal of Actions...........................................................................................483B. Voluntary Dismissal as of Right.........................................................................483
1. Notice of Dismissal......................................................................................4832. Dismissal by Stipulation...............................................................................4843. Effect of a Dismissal as a Matter of Right....................................................485
C. Voluntary Dismissal on Order of the Court.......................................................4851. Legal Prejudice.............................................................................................4852. Conditions on the Voluntary Dismissal........................................................487
D. Involuntary Dismissal.........................................................................................4891. Dismissal for Failure to Prosecute
or Violation of Court Order..........................................................................4892. Motion to Dismiss in a Non-Jury Trial
at the End of Plaintiff’s Evidence.................................................................490E. Effect of Dismissals Under Rule 41....................................................................492
Chapter 41.1: Sealing Documents and Settlement Agreements.........................495A. Introduction.........................................................................................................497B. Filing Documents Under Seal.............................................................................498C. Sealing Settlement Agreements..........................................................................499
Chapter 41.2: Privacy Protection for Filings......................................................501A. Introduction.........................................................................................................503B. Redaction of Documents.....................................................................................506C. Reference Lists....................................................................................................509D. Limitations on Remote Access to Electronic Files.............................................510E. Requests to Remove............................................................................................510
Chapter 42: Consolidation; Separate Trials.........................................................513A. Consolidation and Separate Trials......................................................................513B. Consolidation......................................................................................................514C. Separate Trials.....................................................................................................515
Chapter 43: Evidence; Conduct of Trial................................................................519A. Introduction.........................................................................................................522
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B. Form and Admissibility of Evidence..................................................................5221. General Provisions.......................................................................................522
C. Procedure for the Examination of Witnesses......................................................5231. Oath or Affirmation......................................................................................5232. Examination of the Witness.........................................................................5233. Reservation of Rights Unnecessary..............................................................5234. Interpreters...................................................................................................524
D. Arguments and Statements by Counsel..............................................................5251. Statements of the Pleadings to the Jury........................................................5252. Right to Open and Close..............................................................................5253. Argument......................................................................................................526
E. Motions Practice.................................................................................................5271. Evidence on Motions....................................................................................5272. Argument of Motions...................................................................................5273. Subsequent Application for Order After Refusal.........................................528
F. Agreements of Counsel.......................................................................................528
Chapter 44: Proof of Official Record...................................................................531A. Introduction.........................................................................................................532B. Authentication of Official Records from
Jurisdictions in the United States........................................................................533C. Authentication of Official Records of Foreign Jurisdictions..............................534D. Lack of Record....................................................................................................534E. Notice and Proof of Foreign Law.......................................................................534
1. Notice of Foreign Law.................................................................................5342. Proof of Foreign Law...................................................................................535
Chapter 45: Subpoenas................................................................................................537A. Introduction.........................................................................................................545B. Form and Issuance of the Subpoena...................................................................546
1. The Subpoena Form......................................................................................5462. Issuance of the Subpoena..............................................................................547
C. Service of the Subpoena.....................................................................................548D. Protection of Witnesses......................................................................................550
1. Overview......................................................................................................550
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3. Non-Party Production Without a Deposition...............................................5514. Notice Requiring Court Order Before Inspection and Copying...................5515. Motion to Quash or Modify a Subpoena......................................................551
E. Duties of a Person Responding to a Subpoena...................................................553F. Enforcement of the Subpoena Through the Contempt Power............................554
Chapter 46: Exceptions Unnecessary......................................................................555
Chapter 47: Jurors......................................................................................................559A. Introduction.........................................................................................................560B. Voir Dire.............................................................................................................561C. Alternate Jurors...................................................................................................563D. Challenges to Jurors............................................................................................564
1. Challenges for Cause....................................................................................5642. Peremptory Challenges.................................................................................5643. Challenges After a Juror Has Been Seated..................................................566
E. Management of the Jury.....................................................................................5671. Sequestration of the Jury..............................................................................5672. Notes and Questions by the Jury..................................................................5683. Potential Jury Misconduct............................................................................5684. Forced Deliberations....................................................................................569
Chapter 48: Juries of Less Than Twelve; Majority Verdict.............................571
Chapter 49: Special Verdicts and Interrogatories..............................................573A. Introduction.........................................................................................................574B. Special Verdicts...................................................................................................576C. General Verdict Accompanied by Answers to Interrogatories............................578D. Verdict in Action for Personal Property..............................................................579
Chapter 50: Motion for Directed Verdict and for Judgment Notwithstanding the Verdict............................................................581
A. The Standard for the Motion for a Directed Verdict and JNOV........................583B. Motion for a Directed Verdict............................................................................586
1. At the End of Plaintiff’s Case.......................................................................5862. At the Close of All of the Evidence.............................................................587
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C. Motion for Judgment Notwithstanding the Verdict............................................5881. The Motion for JNOV..................................................................................5882. Joinder of Motion for a JNOV with a Motion for a New Trial....................589
D. Conditional Ruling on Motions for New Trial and JNOV.................................5901. JNOV Motion Granted; Conditional New Trial Ruling...............................5912. JNOV Denied; Argument for New Trial on Appeal....................................592
E. Time for the Motion for JNOV and New Trial...................................................592
Chapter 51: Instructions to Jury: Objection.......................................................595A. Introduction.........................................................................................................595B. Standards for Instructions...................................................................................596C. Objections to Instructions...................................................................................597
Chapter 52: Findings by the Court...........................................................................601A. Introduction.........................................................................................................602B. Motions to Amend the Findings.........................................................................605C. Appellate Review of Findings of the Trial Court...............................................608D. Time for Appeal; Successive Post-Trial Motions; End of Term........................608
Chapter 53: Masters and Special Referees............................................................611A. Introduction.........................................................................................................613B. References; Right to a Jury.................................................................................614C. Powers of a Master.............................................................................................615D. Entry of Judgment; Appeal.................................................................................616
Chapter 54: Judgment.................................................................................................617A. The Definition of a Judgment.............................................................................619B. Judgments Involving Some But Not All Parties or Claims................................621C. Relief Granted.....................................................................................................623D. Taxation of Costs................................................................................................625
1. Procedure......................................................................................................6252. Taxable Costs...............................................................................................625
E. Enforcement of Foreign Judgments....................................................................629
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Chapter 55: Defaults...................................................................................................633A. Introduction.........................................................................................................636B. Entry of Default and Default Judgments............................................................637
1. Entry of Default............................................................................................6372. Default Judgment.........................................................................................639
C. Entry of Default Judgment; Discretionary Hearing............................................6401. Default Judgment – Liquidated Damages....................................................6402. Default Judgment – Unliquidated Damages; Hearing..................................6413. Award of Attorney’s Fees............................................................................6434. Judgment Against Nonresident After Service by Publication......................643
D. Protection of Certain Defendants........................................................................643E. Relief from Entry of Default and Default Judgment...........................................644
Chapter 56: Summary Judgment................................................................................649A. Introduction.........................................................................................................651B. Timing and Notice of Motion for Summary Judgment......................................654C. Standard for Summary Judgment.......................................................................655D. Content of Motion for Summary Judgment........................................................658E. Response to Motion for Summary Judgment......................................................660F. The Discretion of the Judge in Summary Judgment Motions.............................663G. Case Not Fully Adjudicated on Motion..............................................................665H. Affidavits.............................................................................................................666
Chapter 57: Declaratory Judgment........................................................................669A. Introduction.........................................................................................................669B. Cases Appropriate for Declaratory Judgment.....................................................670C. Jury Trial.............................................................................................................673D. Procedure.............................................................................................................673
Chapter 58: Entry of Judgment................................................................................675A. Entry of Judgment by Clerk or Court.................................................................676B. Taxation of Costs................................................................................................679
Chapter 59: New Trials; Amendment of Judgments.............................................681
A. Motion for New Trial..........................................................................................683
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B. Grounds for New Trial........................................................................................6861. Trial Errors; Misconduct of Counsel or Jury................................................6872. New Trial Because the Verdict is Against the Weight
of the Evidence; The Thirteenth Juror Doctrine...........................................6893. New Trial When Damages Are Inconsistent with the Evidence..................6904. Punitive Damages.........................................................................................692
C. Motion for New Trial..........................................................................................6941. Remittitur.....................................................................................................6942. Additur.........................................................................................................6953. The Amount of the Remittitur or Additur....................................................6954. Partial New Trial..........................................................................................697
D. The Time for a Motion for New Trial.................................................................697E. Affidavits in Support of Motions for New Trial.................................................699F. New Trial on Initiative of Trial Court................................................................699G. Motions for New Trial in Non-Jury Actions......................................................700H. Motion to Alter or Amend Judgment..................................................................701
1. The Dual Role of the Motion to Alter or Amend the Judgment...................7012. The Timing of the Motion to Alter or Amend the Judgment.......................7043. A Proper and Timely Motion to Alter or Amend the Judgment
Stays the Time for Appeal; Successive Motions..........................................705
Chapter 60: Relief from Judgment or Order........................................................713A. Introduction.........................................................................................................715B. Clerical Mistakes................................................................................................717C. Rule 60(b)(1) Mistake; Inadvertence or Excusable Neglect...............................718D. Rule 60(b)(2) Newly Discovered Evidence........................................................723E. Fraud, Misrepresentation or Other Misconduct of an Adverse Party.................725
1. Rule 60(b)(3)................................................................................................725F. Rule 60(b)(4) Judgment is Void.........................................................................728G. Relief Under Rule 60(b)(5).................................................................................730H. Relief Through an Independent Action..............................................................731I. Meritorious Defense............................................................................................731
Chapter 61: Harmless Error....................................................................................733
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Chapter 62: Stay of Proceedings to Enforce a Judgment..................................737A. Introduction.........................................................................................................739B. Ten-Day Automatic Stay; Exceptions.................................................................739C. The Trial Court’s Discretion Regarding Stays....................................................740
1. Pending Post-Trial Motions.........................................................................7402. Pending Appeal............................................................................................741
D. Stays by the Appellate Courts.............................................................................741
Chapter 63: Disability of a Judge.............................................................................743
Chapter 64: Remedies for Seizure, Remedies Not Provided...............................747A. Introduction.........................................................................................................747B. Seizure of Property or Person.............................................................................748
1. Attachment...................................................................................................7482. Claim and Delivery......................................................................................750
C. Remedies Not Provided......................................................................................751
Chapter 65: Injunctions; Mandamus, Habeas Corpus, and Other Remedial Writs.................................................................753
A. Introduction.........................................................................................................755B. Standards for Temporary Injunctive Relief........................................................757C. Procedure............................................................................................................759
1. Temporary Restraining Orders.....................................................................7592. Temporary Injunctions.................................................................................761
D. Security...............................................................................................................761E. Permanent Injunctions.........................................................................................763F. Form, Scope and Enforcement of the Injunction................................................763G. Other Remedial Writs; Costs; Attorney’s Fees...................................................764
Chapter 66: Receivers.................................................................................................765A. Introduction.........................................................................................................765B. Rule 66................................................................................................................767
Chapter 67: Deposit in Court....................................................................................769
Chapter 68: Offer of Judgment................................................................................771
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Chapter 69: Execution................................................................................................777
Chapter 70: Judgment for Specific Acts: Vesting Title......................................779
Chapter 71: Foreclosure and Partition.................................................................781A. Introduction.........................................................................................................785B. Actions for Foreclosure......................................................................................786
1. The Reference...............................................................................................7862. The Judgment and Sale.................................................................................7873. The Disposition of the Surplus.....................................................................788
C. Actions for Partition............................................................................................788
Chapter 71.1: Post-Conviction Relief Action.......................................................791A. Introduction.........................................................................................................792B. Civil Procedure Issues in Post-Conviction Relief Actions.................................793
Chapter 72: Judgments and Orders Subject to Appeal......................................797A. Introduction.........................................................................................................798B. Appellate Review of Final Orders......................................................................799C. Appealability of Interlocutory Orders.................................................................801
1. Interlocutory Orders Involving the Merits of the Action.............................8032. Interlocutory Orders Affecting a Substantial Right
and Determining the Action and Preventing Appeal...................................8043. Interlocutory Orders Discontinuing an Action;
Granting or Denying a New Trial or Striking a Pleading............................8064. Interlocutory Orders in Supplemental Proceedings,
or Orders Continuing, Modifying or Refusingan Injunction or Appointing a Receiver........................................................807
5. Orders Appealable as Part of an Interlocutory Appeal.................................808D. Conclusion...........................................................................................................809
Chapter 73: Procedure on Appeal to the Supreme Court or Court of Appeal...............................................................................811
Chapter 74: Procedure on Appeal to the Circuit Court...................................813A. Introduction.........................................................................................................813B. Appeals from Administrative Agencies..............................................................814
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C. Appeals from Probate Courts..............................................................................816D. Appeals from Magistrate Courts.........................................................................817E. Appeals from the Master-in-Equity....................................................................818
Chapter 75: Record on Appeal to the Circuit Court; Transmittal.................819
Chapter 76: Arbitration; Auto Reparation...........................................................821A. Arbitration of Automobile Liability Claims.......................................................821B. Arbitration and Alternate Dispute Resolution in the Courts...............................822
Chapter 77: Courts and Clerks................................................................................825
Chapter 78: Clerks of Court; Records, Abstracts, Books...............................829 Chapter 79: Calendar of Civil Actions; File Book.............................................831 Chapter 80: Stenographic Report of Transcript as Evidence..........................835 Chapter 81: Applicability...........................................................................................837 Chapter 82: Jurisdiction and Venue........................................................................841 Chapter 83: Rule 83 (Reserved).................................................................................843 Chapter 84: Forms.......................................................................................................845 Chapter 85: Title; Criminal Procedure; Rules Repealed...................................847 Chapter 86: Effective Date........................................................................................849
Chapter 87: Subject Matter Jurisdiction..............................................................851A. Subject Matter Jurisdiction of the Circuit Court.................................................851B. Masters-in-Equity...............................................................................................859C. Relationship of the Circuit Court to Other Courts..............................................860
1. The Family Court.........................................................................................8602. The Probate Court........................................................................................8623. Magistrates and Municipal Court.................................................................863
D. The Circuit Court Sitting as an Appellate Court.................................................8631. Appeals from Administrative Agencies.......................................................863
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Chapter 88: Personal Jurisdiction over Persons and Property......................865A. Introduction.........................................................................................................865B. The South Carolina Long-Arm Statute...............................................................867
1. Personal Jurisdiction Based Upon Enduring Relationship...........................8692. Jurisdiction Based on Specific Acts.............................................................871
C. Other Jurisdictional Statutes; Consent................................................................879D. The Door Closing Statute...................................................................................880E. Jurisdiction Consistent with Due Process...........................................................881
1. Defendant’s Contacts with the Forum State.................................................8832. The Fairness of Asserting Jurisdiction.........................................................886
F. General Jurisdiction............................................................................................888G. Constitutional Limitations on the Assertion of Jurisdiction over Property.........891
Chapter 89: Venue........................................................................................................895A. Introduction.........................................................................................................896B. The General Venue Statute.................................................................................897
1. Entities Subject to the Venue Statute...........................................................8982. County Where the Most Substantial Events Took Place..............................8983. Definition of “Principal Place of Business”.................................................8994. Venue for Individual Defendants – Residents and Non-Residents..............9005. Venue for Specified Business Entities..........................................................9016. Multiple Defendants.....................................................................................902
C. Local Actions......................................................................................................9041. Definition of a Local Action.........................................................................9042. Local Actions Involving Property................................................................9053. Local Actions for the Recovery of a Penalty or Forfeiture..........................9074. Local Actions Against a Public Officer........................................................9075. Transfer of a Local Action............................................................................908
D. Special Venue Statutes........................................................................................9091. Actions Against Administrators, Executors or Guardians; Trusts...............9092. Actions Against Common Carriers for Penalties.........................................9103. Actions Against Insurance Companies.........................................................9104. Actions by Mutual Insurance Companies.....................................................911
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5. Actions Affecting State Agencies and Officials...........................................9116. Actions Arising from Arbitration Agreements.............................................9117. Actions on Fidelity Bonds............................................................................9128. Actions Under the Mountain Ridge Protection Act.....................................912
E. Venue by Consent and Forum Selection Clauses...............................................912F. Transfer of Venue...............................................................................................914
1. S.C. Code Ann. § 15-7-100 (Supp. 2018)....................................................9142. Forum Non Conveniens...............................................................................919
Chapter 90: Res Judicata............................................................................................923A. Introduction.........................................................................................................924B. Valid Judgment Necessary for Claim or Issue Preclusion..................................926
1. Subject Matter Jurisdiction...........................................................................9272. Jurisdiction over the Person or Property......................................................9303. Final Judgment.............................................................................................9314. Judgment on the Merits................................................................................932
C. Claim Preclusion.................................................................................................9341. The Subject of the Action and Primary Right Test......................................9352. The Same Evidence Test..............................................................................9383. The Same Transaction or Occurrence Test..................................................9384. Application of the Claim Preclusion Tests...................................................9395. Exceptions to Claim Preclusion...................................................................940
D. Issue Preclusion..................................................................................................9421. Overview......................................................................................................9422. The Same Issue.............................................................................................9433. Actually Litigated.........................................................................................9444. And Determined...........................................................................................9455. Necessary to the Judgment...........................................................................9466. Exceptions to Issue Preclusion.....................................................................946
E. Parties Affected by Claim and Issue Preclusion.................................................9481. Those in Privity with a Party........................................................................9492. Non-Parties and Issue Preclusion –
Defensive and Offensive Issue Preclusion...................................................951F. Preclusion Between State and Federal Courts....................................................955
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G. Related Doctrines................................................................................................9561. Judicial Estoppel...........................................................................................9562. Law of the Case............................................................................................9583. Election of Remedies...................................................................................9624. Stare Decisis.................................................................................................964
Table of Cases and Index............................................................................................967(Table of Cases and Index for entire text included in both Volumes)
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