SUG413 - Advanced Engineering Survey (Setting-Out Survey)

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING & SURVEYING

BACHELOR OF SURVEYING SCIENCE & GEOMATICS

AP220

ADVANCED ENGINEERING SURVEYING

(SUG 413)

GROUP AP220E

PREPARED BY MATRIX NO

MASTURA BINTI HAMZAN 2009XXXXXX

MOHD FIRDAUS BIN AZMI 2009XXXXXX

MOHD FIRDAUS BIN MD ALIP 2009272236

MUHAMMAD RUZAINI BIN MOHAMMAD FADZIL 2009837016

NURUL WAHIBA BINTI MUSTAFA 2009267814

SITI RUWAIDAH ISTIQOMA BINTI USMAN CHOLIQ 2009247258

SITI HASNIZA BINTI MUHAMMAD ARSHAD 2009277708

PREPARED FOR

PROF MADYA ROSMADI BIN GHAZALI

DATE: 12th MARCH 2010

SUG 413 PRACTICAL #3: SETTING-OUT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. OBJECTIVES.........................................................................................................2

2. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................2

3. LOCATION.............................................................................................................3

4. EQUIPMENTS........................................................................................................3

5. METHODS.............................................................................................................4

6. RESULTS...............................................................................................................6

a) Control Points..................................................................................................6

b) Setting out from station 1................................................................................6

c) Setting out from station 2................................................................................7

7. ANALYSIS.............................................................................................................8

8. INDIVIDUAL COMMENT AND CONCLUSIONS...........................................9 - 17

1


1. OBJECTIVES

a) To understand the concept of setting-out survey

b) To setup a simple setting out of point on the ground

2. INTRODUCTION

Setting out is the process of transferring the distance from the plan which was already

prepared to the ground before the beginning of construction. The plan was designed and

prepared to give a correct position of setting-out on the ground. Setting out also means

the provision of marks, levels, profiles and other information which will enable other

members of the construction team to carry out their works, so that the result is a true

interpretation of the contract documents in the terms of position, size, shape and level. It

involves marks and control for any form of new construction, including excavation, filling,

tunneling, building, bridging and marine works.

The surveyor must ensure that the structure is located in the correct position in

accordance with the plan. The structure must be corrected in all the dimensions both

relatively and absolutely. It must be of the correct size, positioned correctly and at the

correct level. The important that we must to know is the skill in a successful execution of

setting out job. The skill required is in angular and linear measurement, ability to solve

ordinary or simple mathematic problems, ability to read and understanding drawings and

ability to provide independent checking for the jobs.

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3. LOCATION

At the Seroja College Hockey field

4. EQUIPMENTS

a) 1 total station and tripod

b) 1 pole

c) 1 mini prism

d) A tape

e) 3 steel arrows

3


5. METHODS

a) 3 control points have been identified from the previous Practical #2

(Deformation Survey) and get the coordinates (X, Y). And we were required

to set out a 20m x 20m position of building. The orientation of the building

must be in the hockey field.

b) At first, the total station was sited at control point 1, back bearing to control

point 2 and forward bearing to control point 3. Bearing and distance between

the control point 2 to control point 1 was calculated (1 – 2 180 00 00, 42.482

meter. Coordinate 1 = 1042.482 Northing, 1000.000 Easting) and checking

has been made.

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c) Then from control point 1 set point A on the field using the mini prism with

pole, later book and mark the point using the arrow. Coordinates has been

calculated. (1 - A 89 02 20, 18.917 meter, Coordinate = 1042.786 Northing,

1018.104 Easting)

d) From point A using tape roughly identify point B which is 20 meters away.

The point was mark with the arrow.

e) Then from point A again, roughly set 20 meters perpendicularly from the

point B because the angle was assumed as 90º. And mark the point with

arrow.

f) Steps c, d and e were to ensure that all points lie inside the field.

g) From step c, by using the coordinate of A, calculate the coordinate of point B

and C. (Coordinate B = 1033.584 Northing, 1035.862 Easting. Coordinate C

= 1025.028 Northing, 1008.903 Easting)

h) Then calculate the bearings and distances from control point 1 to point B and

point C using coordinate from step g.

i) And set out Point B and C to the new position according to the calculated

bearings and distances from step h.

j) For the purpose of checking, move the total station either to control point 2

or 3. But we chose the control point 3. Set the bearing to appropriate point.

k) Later point A, B and C were observed from the control point 3 and the

bearings and distances were noted.

l) Coordinates for each point were calculated.

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6. RESULTS

a) Control Point 2 – 1 – 3 – 2

STESEN BEARING DISTANCE LATIT DIPATCOORDINATE

NORTH EAST

2 1000.000 1000.000

1 00.00.00 42.482 42.482 0.000 1042.482 1000.000

3 144.15.22 56.975 -46.243 33.283 996.239 1033.283

2 276.2627 33.492 3.757 -33.281 999.996 1000.002

TOTAL -0.004 0.002

Linear Misclosure: 1 : 29813

b) Computation 1 – A – B – 1


NORTH EAST

1 1042.482 1000.000

A 89.02.20 18.107 0.304 18.104 1042.786 1018.104

B 117.23.30 20.000 -9.201 17.758 1033.584 1035.862

1 283.5605 36.949 8.898 -35.862 1042.483 1000.000

c) Computation 1 – A – C – 1


NORTH EAST

1 1042.482 1000.000

A 89.02.20 18.107 0.304 18.104 1042.786 1018.104

C 207.23.30 20.000 -17.758 -9.201 1025.028 1008.903

1 332.58.29 19.594 17.454 -8.903 1042.482 1000.000

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d) Checking Point A, B and C.

3 – A

STESEN BEARING DISTANCE LATIT DIPAT COORDINATE

NORTH EAST

3 996.239 1033.283

A 341.56.59 48.949 46.540 -15.167 1042.779 1018.116

3 – B


NORTH EAST

3 996.239 1033.283

B 03.58.06 37.424 37.334 2.590 1033.573 1035.873

3 – C


NORTH EAST

3 996.239 1033.283

C 319.44.51 37.729 28.795 -24.379 1025.034 1008.904

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7. ANALYSIS

a) Coordinate Differences

Comparison between values of coordinates setting out from control point 1 and

3:-

From To N/S E/W

CP1 A 1042.779 1018.116

CP3 A 1042.783 1018.113

Differences (m) -0.004 0.003

From To N/S E/W

CP1 B 1033.584 1035.862

CP3 B 1033.573 1035.873

Differences (m) +0.011 -0.011

From To N/S E/W

CP1 C 1025.028 1008.903

CP3 C 1025.034 1008.904

Differences (m) -0.006 -0.001

From the above comparison of the value of coordinates for the same setting out points,

we can analyses that the coordinates that we obtained can be accepted as there are no

apparent differences. The datum (control point) that we have selected is correct and

suitable to use.

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b) Baseline B-C Differences

Computation of base line B-C via C, 2, B (from pre-computational)

STESEN BEARING DISTANCE LATIT DIPAT

C

1 152.58.29 19.594 17.454 -8.903

B 103.56.05 36.949 -8.898 35.862

B-C 252.24.50 28.282 -8.545 -26.960

Computation of base line B-C via C, 2, B (checking in the field)

STESEN BEARING DISTANCE LATIT DIPAT

C

2 152.58.29 19.594 17.454 -8.903

B 103.5605 36.949 -8.898 35.862

B-C 252.23.31 28.284 -8.556 -26.959

Differences:

B-C (Pre-Computational) 252 24 50 28.282

B-C (On The Field) 252 23 31 28.284

TOTAL 00 01 19 -0.002

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8. COMMENTS AND CONCLUSION

SITI RUWAIDAH ISTIQOMA BINTI USMAN CHOLIQ 2009247258

In this practical, we have finished and completed the setting out survey of the building.

All points that we have set-out have been checked to avoid errors in the survey. Then

we have to compute and analyze the observed data. From our survey, we have found

the differences in value between the set-out value and the checking value. Below are the

differences or errors of the setting out:

Point A ∆latit -0.004, ∆dipat 0.003,

Point B ∆latit 0.011, ∆dipat -0.011,

Point C ∆latit -0.006, ∆dipat 0.001

In this practical the allowed difference is 7 mm or 0,007 m. So all of the points has

exceeded the allowable value. The errors might happen because:

1. The Instrument.

The instrument that we used is Topcon total station which the carried error is about 7”.

The instrument centering, bubble of both prism especially the mini prism pole may

contribute errors for the setting out.

2. Calibration.

The total station must be calibrated in every 6 months in accordance to the survey

regulation standard. In this practical I don’t know whether the total station has been

calibrated or not.

3. The Pegging

I think, this is the major of the error comes. The peg that we used was an iron arrow,

where it is not too strong to mark for the building setting out. Practically, each peg in the

setting out work must use permanents object such as wooden peg with nails. This can

reduce the error.

In the end of the practical, I and my group have learned the procedure of the

setting out survey. Each setting out that has been finished must be checked. This is very

importance to detect any error or blunder error in the set-out. The shape, dimension,

distance, and location must be as same as the pre-comp plan. In this practical, we have

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found the base line at point B-C has oriented to 1’19” and the distance about -2mm. I’m

confidence to the set-out, the shape, dimension, and distance are in the right position. It

is better if we replacing the arrow to suitable permanents object.

11

SUG413 PRACTICAL #3: SETTING-OUT

MASTURA BINTI HAMZAN 2009XXXXXX

Setting out survey is the provision of mark, levels, profile and other information to

carry out work. This work includes pilling, tunneling, bridging and many more. Setting out

also process of transferring the distance from the plan already prepared to the ground

before starting the construction. In this practical, our groups have done the work at field

and data processing to setting out the 20m x 20m building at Seroja hockey field.

After analyze the result, we have found that the base line for this setting out is

28.282 m. This result found from mathematical calculation and the distance is same with

measure by tape. After we made a checking, the result we are found is 28.284 m and it

was an error 0.002m compare with setting out result. Although, this result is still

acceptable because the limit for different base line value between setting out and

checking is not more than 0.007m.

From the analysis, we also founded the differences coordinate for each point

between setting out and checking. This result occurs because:

We only use arrow to make a pegging point and it is not suitable because

to make a good result pegging point must permanent until the job was

finish.

During this work, we use mini prism to get the bearing and distance for

every pegging point. So, maybe from this the result that we have found

not good enough and its can influence when we make the checking.

In this practical, we only use total station with 7 second accuracy. To

have a good result, the instrument must be more accurate like with 1 or 3

second accuracy. Besides that, this instrument also maybe not has

calibrated and it will influence the observation and maybe can make an

error.

From this practical, I have learned about how to make and manage a setting out

survey. Besides that, it also can improve our understanding about engineering survey.

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MUHAMMAD RUZAINI BIN MOHAMMAD FADZIL 2009837016

Setting-out survey is a basic work for engineering survey. In this practical, we in a group

have done the work on the field and data processing to the setting-out of the 20 meter by

20 meter position of building.

As the result, we have found that the base line of B - C by observation in the field

was different in 0.002 meter compared to the value from pre-computational calculation.

This value is acceptable because the limit for the checking must be under 0.007 meter.

A checking process from control point 3 also been made to the setting-out point

(A, B, C). And we found the differences in coordinate value compared with the

coordinate of the points that were observed from control point 1. But the differences of

values are not too much and still acceptable.

Some of these differences might be occur because of:

1. Some of the distances that were not long enough to get the minimum of 30

meters. Although the control point’s network is good but the shorter distance can

influences the result and gives error in observations.

2. The use of mini prism with pole also can gives errors. This error can be reduced

if the points of the setting out were observed through a prism that attached

properly on a tripod and appropriately leveled.

3. The use of steel arrow as a mark for setting out point is not so accurate. It is

because the arrow itself not too stiff to mark on the ground instead we can use a

wood peg for a better marking.

4. The total station used also may influence the result because the instrument is in

7 second accuracy and we were not sure whether it was calibrated or not.

5. The use of different total station in observation. The total station we used for this

setting-out job is different from the last time control point networking. So different

equipment gives different error.

And for the overall, as we have followed the given method and we did a checking upon

the earlier observation, so we can conclude that ALHAMDULILLAH we had done a great

job. Although it was just a simple setting-out job, but it really can gives an initial

exposure for us about the working in the real engineering field. Thank You

13


MOHD FIRDAUS BIN MD ALIP 2009272236

Setting out survey is to determine and marking a point that will enable member of

the construction team to carry out their work. It also a process of transferring the

distance from the plan already prepared to the ground before starting the

construction

After completing this practical work, I’ve found that setting out survey isn’t easy

because we had some problem on determining the point of stations where by the

proposed building should be in 20metre x 20metre.

We calculate at site so we can get the value to observe the next station. We

compute the difference between the observation and the checking to get the

error. Different limit error value from the observation and the checking must

under 0.007.

From the field work, coordinate value from the observation and the checking our

group get the error more 0.007 at point a and b.

Error may come from :-

i) The distance control point less then 30m.

ii) The capability of the equipment of TOPCON we are used is only

have ability of 7 second in the error.

iii) We was using mini prism to determine the point pegging, maybe

from this we get the error.

iv) During the practical, we only given use arrow to make a pegging

point and it is not suitable because to make a good result pegging

point must permanent until the job was finish.

v) Calibration of instrument.

vi) Network - A good network in triangulation for least square

adjustment should have 60 ˚ of inner angular.

To make sure our setting out is perpendicular, different value the base line from

the observe and the checking must under 0.007,so base line our group is

acceptable because our group only get the error 0.006.

So from the practical, I understand the concept of setting out technique and how

to setup points for setting out.

14


NURUL WAHIBA BINTI MUSTAFA 2009267814

First of all, thank you to Allah s.w.t for giving His opportunity for completing this task.

Also thanks to my lecturer, Prof Madya Rosmadi Ghazali and all my friends for the

guidance and taught. In this practical, we made a setting out survey in order to locate a

proposed building. Below the different or error of the setting out:

From the above comparison of the value of coordinates for the same setting out

points, we can analyses that the coordinates that we obtained have apparent different

but it still can be accepted. The control point that we have selected is correct and

suitable to use.

The different of coordinates was obtained Point A ∆lat -0.004, ∆dip 0.003, Point B

∆lat 0.011, ∆dip -0.011, Point C ∆lat -0.006, ∆dip 0.001. These happened because of the

following below:

i. In this practical we just put pole for a while as our mark so that the reading

will be different because it is not permanent mark and it difficult to us to get

the appropriate coordinates. It is differ from the other survey that use peg as

mark which can give more appropriate reading because the peg are static.

ii. In this survey we found 1:43000 in linear disclose .The different in latitude

and departure may effect to setting out survey.

iii. The instrument used also may influence the result because the instrument

that we used in 7 second accuracy and we not sure when the last time it

calibrated. In addition the total station that we used is different for work to

establish control point and setting out work. So, some error may come from

different total station. The EDM must calibration each 6 month followed the

survey regulation standard.

This setting out survey is for building construction. In order to locate the building

accurately, the base must be very precise. That’s why the accuracy also is very high.

The measurement need to be done perfectly to make sure the building that will be built

does not shift. For better results, the control points should be more that three.

15


MOHD FIRDAUS BIN AZMI 2009XXXXXX

First of all, thank you to Allah s.w.t for giving His opportunity for completing this task.

Also thanks to my lecturer, Prof Madya Rosmadi Ghazali and all my friends for the

guidance and taught. In this practical, we made a setting out survey in order to locate a

proposed building.

The first step is to do the control station. The measurement showed that the

coordinates of Stn.2 is not exact E 1000 m, N 1000 m and the error is 0.004 m. It may be

caused by the instrumentation setting which not very accurate on the station. However

the different still can be accepted. For all the setting out points, the differences in

distance are not exceeding 10 mm. This is because; we made the checking after every

observation to find the precise value. To find the exact 90 degrees or perpendicular line,

we need to calculate first the station then observe it. So, the results showed that there is

only 0.001 m difference. Luckily the area that we observed is flat which is at the Padang

Hoki. This situation also helps us to get the better results.

This setting out survey is for building construction. In order to locate the building

accurately, the base must be very precise. That’s why the accuracy also is very high.

The measurement need to be done perfectly to make sure the building that will be built

does not shift. For better results, the control points should be more that three.

For the overall views, I think that our group has done this practical successfully

by referring to the results. This is because we do a lot of checking and repeat the

observation if it does not fulfill the standard and requirement of the setting out surveys.

Finally, I would like to thanks again to my lecturer and those who help and collaborated

with our group in order to finish this task.

16


SITI HASNIZA BINTI MUHAMMAD ARSHAD 2009277708

As the comment and conclusion in this practical, we found the coordinate of the

square side that we made on the field of Seroja using two control points from three that

we have. The reference coordinate that we use is the assumed coordinate from the

practical 1. As we know, this practical need two control point to determine the coordinate

of the square on the field that we made and their intersection. We observe the first point,

second point and third point using the first control point. After that we move to another

control point and do the same procedure. Choose any one of the three control point that

we have as the reference station or as the datum. This involves a lot of calculation to

define the coordinates. Then observation will carry out in order to have the exact

coordinates.

As stated in the result above, we must follow the rules of do the setting out. It

include the structure is located in the correct position in ordinance with the plan. The

structure also must be corrected the entire dimension both relatively and absolutely.

Lastly, it must be of the correct size, positioned correctly and at the correct level.

However, when we do the observation we must know the bearing and distance that we

want to observe. It because, before we start the observations we must computes the

correct bearing and distance completely. The length and width of the square side that we

made are 20m x 20m. The edge must be parallel to each others.

Lastly, I think we get the good result in this practical. It is because the different

coordinate of points that we compute from the two control point can be accepted. We do

the checking of line involves and it make the good result. We also not have any problem

with the instrument because we level and set up precisely. We take one day to complete

this practical. I want to thanks to Prof Madya Rosmadi Ghazali as my lecturer for his

commitment and co-operation to conduct and give the information. To all my friends,

thank you for their involvement either direct or indirect. I got a lot of information and

understanding about engineering survey especially in setting out. Thank you.

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Documents

SUG413 - Advanced Engineering Survey (Setting-Out Survey)