8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
1/1101
Inquisitors and Heretics in Tirteenth-Century Languedoc
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
2/1101
General Editor
In cooperation with
Henry Chadwick , Cambridge
Paul C.H. Lim, Nashville, ennessee
Eric Saak , Indianapolis, Indiana Brian ierney , Ithaca,
New York
Arjo Vanderjagt, Groningen
Founding Editor
VOLUME 147
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
3/1101
LEIDEN • BOSON 2011
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
4/1101
On the cover : Château Narbonnais, oulouse—in which some
suspects were held prisoner and interrogated—as it appeared in the
later middle ages (lower lef part o illumination, Histoire de
la Ville, an. 1516–17, Archives municipales de oulouse,
BB273/17).
Tis book is printed on acid-ree paper.
Library o Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Inquisitors and heretics in thirteenth-century Languedoc : edition
and translation o oulouse inquisition depositions, 1273-1282
/ edited by Peter Biller, Caterina Bruschi, and Shelagh
Sneddon.
p. cm. -- (Studies in the history o Christian traditions, ISSN
1573-5664 ; v. 147) English and Latin, translated rom Latin.
Includes bibliographical reerences (p. ) and index. ISBN
978-90-04-18810-5 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Christian
heretics--France--Languedoc--History. 2. Languedoc
(France)--Church
history--o 1500 . I. Biller, Peter. II. Bruschi, Caterina, 1968-
III. Sneddon, Shelagh.
B1319.I5713 2010 272'.20944809022--dc22
Copyright 2011 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, Te Netherlands.
Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei
Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and
VSP.
All rights reserved. No part o this publication may be reproduced,
translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any orm
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or
otherwise, without prior written permission rom the
publisher.
Authorization to photocopy items or internal or personal use is
granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate ees
are paid directly to Te Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood
Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to
change.
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
5/1101
:
Chapter One. Te History o Doat – . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 3 i. ‘Te archives o the brothers preacher o
oulouse’ . . . . . . . . . . 4 ii. What do we know about the
original register? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 iii.
Seventeenth-century evidence, and the ‘sixth register’ . . . . . .
. 14 iv. Te Doat commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 v. Libraries and
modern scholarship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 26
Chapter wo. Te Inquisition o – . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 35 i. Heresy and inquisition in Languedoc beore . . .
. . . . . . . . 35 ii. Te political background to the renewal o
inquisition in
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 iii. Te
inquisitors o – and their household . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Chapter Tree. Interrogation, notaries and witnesses . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 65 i. Te interrogation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
ii. Te notaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
iii. Te witnesses o the depositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Chapter Four. Scribal errors and the conventions o this edition and
trans lat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 i. Scribal
errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 ii. Edition o the
original Latin and French . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 121 iii. Te English translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
a. Place-names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 b. Personal names
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 124
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
6/1101
: –
List o deponents, in order o appearance in Doat – . . . . . . . . .
. . 131 Calendar o depositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Te
edition and translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
981
Index o persons, medieval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 991 Index o persons,
post- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 1067 Index o place-names, pre- . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1069
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
7/1101
PREFACE
Te origins o the project lie in a visit paid to the Bibliothèque
Nationale in Paris in , when Peter Biller read the inquisition
materials in Col- lection Doat – and transcribed parts o them. His
translations rom D– were used as documents in an undergraduate
Special Subject on heresy taught at York rom onwards. Peter Biller
is grateul to gen- erations o students who took this course or
their comments on Doat
–, and to the Department o History, University o York, or its help
in purchasing microlms o Doat –.
Caterina Bruschi came rom the University o Bologna to the Univer-
sity o York to work on these microlms. She and Peter Biller are
grateul to the University o York or a our month Research
Pump-Priming Grant in , that enabled her to continue reading the
Doat registers and to lay the oundation or articles and a monograph
based on them.
Te editors o the volume are grateul to the Arts and Humanities
Research Board or awarding a two-year research assistantship (– )
or the editing and transcribing o Doat –. Caterina Bruschi was the
nominated research assistant, but beore she could take up this post
she was appointed to a lectureship at the University o Birmingham.
She was still able to assist in the edition, but the research
assistantship was taken up by the Latin and romance language
scholar Shelagh Sneddon, who is currently a member o the editorial
team o the Dictionary o Medieval Latin rom British Sources,
University o Oxord.
IntheeditionpresentedhereCaterinaBruschiwrotetherstsectiono
chapter and compiled the index o medieval persons. Shelagh
Sneddonprovided the Latin text and its apparatus, the English
translation and the calendar o depositions, and she compiled the
index o persons post- . She wrote the second section o chapter and
the rst two sections o chapter , and jointly with Peter Biller she
wrote the third section o chapter . Peter Biller provided the
apparatus to the English translation and he compiled the index o
place-names. He wrote chapters and , the third section o chapter ,
and, jointly with Shelagh Sneddon, the third section o chapter
.
Te editors thank the Bibliothèque nationale de France, or
permission to reproduce two illustrations o Doat , and the Archives
Municipales de oulouse or permission to reproduce the image on the
book’s cover o the Château Narbonnais.
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
8/1101
Tey thank the conservateur o the manuscript
department o the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Dr Clément
Pieyre, and Dr Maaike Van
der Lugt, or helping with the physical description o the
manuscripts. Tey are grateul or advice received rom Proessor Edward
Peters, Proessor Peter Spufford, Fr Simon ugwell, Dr Christopher
yerman, and the late Proessor John H. Mundy. Tey thank Dr
Christopher Sparks or technical help and compiling the
bibliography. Tey are grateul to Proessor Dame Janet Nelson or her
early support o the project, and to Proessors John Arnold and Anne
Hudson or their encouragement throughout. Te editors thank the
series editor, Proessor Robert J. Bast, or his comments on the
draf. Tey are grateul to the type-setter (A
Zetwerk), and Ivo Romein, Gera van Beda, and others at Brill or the
great care, dedication, patience and proessional skill they have
brought to the design and production o this book.
Te editors would like to dedicate this book to their amilies.
Peter Biller
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
9/1101
PRELIMINARY NOE
Troughout this book, reerences to the edited text o Doat and are
not by this book’s page numbers. Rather, they are by the number o
the olio number, and recto (r) or verso (v). An upright number
indicates a olio in Doat , an italic number indicates a olio in
Doat . Tus r
indicates Doat , olio , recto. v indicates Doat , olio ,
verso. In the edition and translation, the passages printed in
upright ont
contain the copy made in o depositions that were contained in a
no-longer extant medieval manuscript. Te passages printed in
italics— preliminary to a deposition or set o depositions that are
printed in upright ont—are the summaries composed and written in
French in by the Doat team. Te editors have not emended the
mistakes o detail or interpretation that are sometimes
present in these summaries.
Within the edition and translation, unidentied place-names are
given in a type-ace the opposite o the type-ace o the surrounding
text (upright within the italicised translation o the French text,
and italics within the upright translation o the Latin). Tey
continue to be printed in italics within the preliminaries, the
introductory chapters and the apparatus.
Te Dominicans and the Dominican Order are reerred to within the
edition as Brothers Preacher and Order o Preachers, the Franciscans
and Franciscan Order as Brothers Minor and Order o Minors.
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
10/1101
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
11/1101
ACP C. Douais, ed., Acta capitulorum provincialium
ordinis ratrum praedicato- rum. Première province de Provence,
province romaine, province d’Espagne. –, (oulouse, )
Borst, Katharer A. Borst, Die Katharer ,
Schrifen der Monumenta Germaniae Historica (Stuttgart, )
Bruschi, Wandering C. Bruschi, Te Wandering
Heretics o Languedoc (Cambridge, )
CaF Cahiers de Fanjeaux (oulouse, –)
Cazenave, ‘Ms ’ A. Cazenave, ‘Les cathares en Catalogne et
Sabarthès d’après les registres d’inquisition: la hiérarchie
cathare en Sabarthès après Montségur’ and ‘Con- ession de Stéphanie
Pradier, paraite de Sabarthès, Arch. Dép. de la Haute- Garonne, ms.
, ol. CXCVI’, Bulletin philologique et historique (jusqu’à )
du Comité des travaux historiques et scientiques, ( or ), – and
(bis)-.
D Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Collection Doat
Mss
DHGE Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie
ecclésiastiques (Paris, –)
Doctrina de modo procedendi Doctrina de modo procedendi contra
haereticos, ed. NA, v. –
Dossat, Crises Y. Dossat, Les crises de l’inquisition
oulousaine au XIIIe siècle (–) (Bordeaux, )
Douais, Documents C. Douais, Documents pour servir à
l’histoire de l’inquisition dans le Langue- doc, vols (Paris,
)
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
12/1101
Douais, Gascogne C. Douais, Les Frères Prêcheurs en
Gascogne au XIIIme et au XVIme siècle.
Chapitres, couvents et notices. Documents inédits (Paris, )
Douais, Sources
C. Douais, Les sources de l’histoire de l’inquisition dans le
Midi de la France, aux xiiie et xiv e siècles (Paris,
)
DF Dictionnaire des toponymes de France, CD-Rom, Institut
Géographique Na- tional (Paris, )
Duvernoy, Histoire J. Duvernoy, L’Histoire des
Cathares (oulouse, )
Duvernoy, ‘Mss et des Archives Dép. de la Haute-Garonne’ J.
Duvernoy, ‘La vie des prédicateurs cathares en Lauragais et dans
l’Albigeois d’après un registre de l’Inquisition consacré aux aveux
de paraits convertis (Ms et des Archives départementales de la
Haute-Garonne)’, Revue du arn – (), –, –, –
Duvernoy, Puylaurens, Chronique J. Duvernoy, ed. and trans,
Chronica Magistri Guillelmi de Podio Laurentii, Sources
d’Histoire Médiévale Publiées par l’Institut de Recherche et d’His-
toire des extes (Paris, )
Duvernoy, Registre J. Duvernoy, Registre de
l’inquisition de oulouse (–), raduction,
jean.duvernoy.ree.r/sources/sinquisit.htm.
Duvernoy, Registre de Bernard de Caux Le Registre de
Bernard de Caux, Pamiers: – , ed. and transl. into French J.
Duvernoy (Saint-Girons, ).
Fawtier, Comptes royaux R. Fawtier, ed., Comptes
royaux –, Recueil des historiens de la France, Documents nanciers ,
vols (Paris, –)
Feuchter, Ketzer, Konsuln J. Feuchter, Ketzer, Konsuln
und Büsser: die städtischen Eliten von Montauban vor dem Inquisitor
Petrus Cellani (/) (übingen, )
Font-Réaulx Pouillés des provinces d’Auch, de Narbonne et de
oulouse, ed. C.-E. Perrin and J.de Font-Réaulx, Recueil des
Historiens de la France, Pouillés , parts (Paris, )
Gallia Christiana Gallia Christiana in provincias ecclesiasticas
distributa; qua series et historia
archiepiscoporum, episcoporum, et abbatum Franciæ vicinarumque
ditionumab origine ecclesiarum ad nostra tempora deducitur, et
probatur ex authenticis instrumentis ad calcem appositis, ed. D. de
Sainte-Marthe, vols. (Paris, –)
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
13/1101
Gérard, ‘Sources’ P. Gérard, ‘Les sources de l’histoire bénédictine
conservées dans les archives
du Grand Sud-Ouest’, CaF (), pp. – Gui, De
undatione
Bernard Gui, De undatione et prioribus conventuum provinciarum
olosanae et Provincia Ordinis Praedicatorum, ed. P.A. Amargier,
Monumenta Ordinis Fratrum Praedicatorum Historica (Rome, )
Gui, Livre des sentences Bernard Gui, Le livre des
sentences de l’inquisiteur Bernard Gui, ed. A. Pales- Gobilliard,
vols, Sources d’Histore Médiévale publiées par l’Institut de
Recherche et d’Histoire des exts (Paris, )
Gui, PracticaBernard Gui, Practica inquisitionis heretice
pravitatis, ed. C. Douais (Paris, )
Gui and Salagnac, De quattuor B. Gui and S. de
Salagnac, De quatuor in quibus Deus prædicatorum ordinem
insignavit , Monumenta Ordinis Prædicatorum Historica (Rome,
)
Guiraud, Histoire J. Guiraud, Histoire de l’Inquisition
au moyen âge, vols. (Paris, –)
HGL
C. de Vic and J.J. Vaissete, Histoire générale de Languedoc,
avec des notes et les pièces justicatives, ed. A. Molinier
and others, vols (oulouse, –)
IGN Institut Géographique National, : (cm = m) maps
Layettes du trésor Layettes du trésor des chartes, ed. A.
eulet and others, vols. (Paris, – )
Maisonneuve, Études H. Maisonneuve, Études sur les
origines de l’inquisition, LÉglise et l’État au
Moyen Âge , nd ed. (Paris, ). ‘Mort des prieurs’
J.-L. Lemaitre, ‘Mort et sépulture des prieurs de la première
province de Provence’, CaF (), pp. –
Mundy, ‘Hospitals’ J.H. Mundy, ‘Hospitals and leprosaries in twelfh
and early thirteenth-century oulouse’, in Essays in Medieval
Lie and Tought Presented in Honor o Austin Patterson Evans, ed.
J.H. Mundy, R.W. Emery and B.N. Nelson (New York, ), pp. –
Mundy, Men and Women Men and Women at oulouse in the Age
o the Cathars, Pontical Institute o Medieval Studies, Studies
and exts (oronto, ).
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
14/1101
Mundy, Royal Diploma J.H. Mundy, Te Repression o
Catharism at oulouse: Te Royal Diploma o
, Pontical Institute o Medieval Studies, Studies and exts
(oronto,)
Mundy, Society J.H. Mundy, Society and Government
at oulouse in the Age o the Cathars, Pontical Institute o Medieval
Studies, Studies and exts (oronto, ).
Pales-Gobilliard, Geoffroy d’Ablis A. Pales-Gobilliard,
L’Inquisiteur Geoffroy d’Ablis et les Cathares du Comté
de Foix (–), Sources d’Histoire Médiévale Publiées par l’Institut
de Recherche et d’Histoire des extes (Paris, )
Pelhisson, Chronique Guillaume Pelhisson, Chronique, ed
J. Duvernoy, (Paris, )
Ordo processus Narbonensis Ordo processus Narbonensis, exte
zur Inquisition, pp. –.
Potthast A. Potthast, Regesta Ponticum Romanorum inde ab a.
post Christum natum ad a. , vols (Berlin, –)
RHGF
Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France, ed. M. Bouquet,
vols (Paris, –)
Roche, Église Cathare J. Roche, Une église cathare,
l’évêché du Carcassès: Carcassonne, Béziers, Nar- bonne, –début du
xiv e siècle (Cahors, )
Saisimentum Y. Dossat, ed., Saisimentum comitatus
Tolosani (Paris, ).
Sibly, William o Puylaurens W.A. and M.D. Sibly, ed and
transl., Te Chronicle o William o Puylaurens:
Te Albigensian Crusade and its Afermath, (Woodbridge, ) SOPMA
. Kaeppeli and E. Panella, Scriptores Ordinis Praedicatorum medii
aevi,vols. (Rome, –)
Spufford, Handbook P. Spufford, Handbook o Medieval Exchange,
Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks (London, )
exte zur Inquisition K.-V. Selge, ed., exte zur Inquisition,
exte zur Kirchen- und Teologie- geschichte (Gütersloh, )
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
15/1101
NA Tesaurus novus anecdotorum, ed. E. Martène and U. Durand, vols
(Paris,
) o
oulouse oulouse, Bibliothèque municipale, MS
Vidal, Bullaire J.-M. Vidal, Bullaire de l’inquisition
rançaise au xiv e siècle et jusqu’à la n du grand
schisme, (Paris, )
Wakeeld, Heresy W.L. Wakeeld, Heresy, Crusade and
Inquisition in Southern France, – (London, )
Wakeeld, ‘Mas-Saintes-Puelles’ W.L. Wakeeld, ‘Heretics and
Inquisitors: the case o Le Mas-Saintes-Puelles’, Catholic
Historical Rreview (), –.
Wildhaber, ‘Catalogue’ B. Wildhaber, ‘Catalogue des établissements
cisterciens de Languedoc aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles’, CaF (), pp.
–
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
16/1101
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
17/1101
INRODUCION
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
18/1101
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
19/1101
HE HISORY OF DOA 25–26
Between and a group o scribes under the direction o an official
called Jean de Doat made copies o manuscripts in archives and
libraries in southwestern France.1 Tey produced large volumes that
are now housed in the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris,
where
they constitute the ‘Collection Doat’. Numbers to in the Collection
Doat contain texts produced during the thirteenth century by the
two centres o inquisition in Languedoc, oulouse and Carcassonne,
and the edition we present here is o one sub-set within these
volumes, containing inquisition records rom oulouse between and .
While this sub-set is a copy o one original manuscript, the
material was too large to be contained within one o the Collection
Doat volumes. It occupies not only all o Doat —a volume o olios
(plus olio bis)— but also the rst olios o Doat . Both Doat and Doat
are paper manuscripts, large in size, mm high and mm wide,2 and
they were simply rebound in the nineteenth century.3 At that point
they lost their earlier binding o red morocco, bearing the
arms o Jean- Baptiste Colbert.4 Tey are written in early modern
cursive script by several hands. Te characteristics o the
scribes are analysed below in chapter .i.
Te manuscript which was copied into Doat – no longer survives. Te
main direct evidence about this lost original and how it was
copied
is a note at the end o the copy in Doat , on olio
r
. Tis states thatthe original was one ‘parchment book—whose rst lea
is marked with the number and the last —ound in the archives o the
brothers preacher [Dominicans] o oulouse’. Te two Doat volumes were
‘drawn rom and collated with’ this book; the precise meaning o
these words is discussed later in this chapter, in section
iv.
1
Tis chapter was written by Peter Biller.2
Te conservateur Clément Pieyre has provided this
inormation. 3 We are grateul to Maaike Van der Lugt or this
inormation. 4 See below, section iv o this chapter.
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
20/1101
Te rest o this chapter is devoted to the history o the text. Doat –
are important above all because o the light they cast on
inquisition
and heresy. It is thereore overwhelmingly important to investigate
as ar as possible their relationship to the lost original rom which
they were drawn. Accordingly the rst section o this chapter
(i) describes the milieu within which the original parchment book
was rst produced and kept, the depot o books and records o the
Dominican inquisitors in oulouse. Hereafer the book is reerred to
as a ‘register’. Te second section (ii) puts together what we know
about the original register rom early ourteenth century evidence,
while the third section (iii) examines testimony rom oulouse in the
seventeenth century about the original
register, at a period when it was still extant. Te ourth section
(iv) describes the Doat commission and its copying o the register
in .
Te nal section (v) turns away rom the original register and ollows
its Doat copy, looking at the history o the location o Doat – in
libraries and their use by modern scholars.
As we shall see, Doat – is a collection o texts in which some
selection, arrangement and omissions can be discerned. When did
this editing take place? Viewed purely as a logical problem, these
eatures o Doat – might seem to have three possible solutions,
not one. Tat is to say, it could be suggested that they resulted
rom inquisitorial selection and copying, or rom the Doat
commission’s copying in , or rom both. In act, as we shall see, the
contents o Doat – can be identied with those o a ‘register ’, which
was still extant in the archive o the Dominicans o oulouse in the
seventeenth century, when it was read and analysed by the Dominican
theologian Antonin Reginald. Further, the peculiar eatures o Doat –
exactly t the characteristics o copying, selecting and re-arranging
in the inquisition archive which gave birth to
the original register, while they do not t the known practices o
the Doatcommission.
i. ‘Te archives o the brothers preacher o oulouse’
Te Vatican Archive contains a series o accounts presented by
inquisitors in Lombardy between and .5 Teir details plunge the
reader
5 Rationes inquisitorum hereticae pravitatis in Lombardia, Marchia
arvisana et Ro- mandiola (–), ed. G. Biscaro in his ‘Inquisitori ed
eretici Lombardi (–)’, Miscellanea di Storia Italiana, series
, (), pp. –.
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
21/1101
–
immediately into the everyday world o an inquisitor, among them
writ- ing and books. Tere are the expenses o sending letters or
books, hir-
ing notaries, and having inquisition proceedings copied.6 And there
is an inventory o the property o the inquisition in Pavia, where,
alongside the prison and the stables, there are such objects as a
chest and small coffer to keep writings and books, and some tiny
books which had belonged to heretics, containing their doctrines.
Another inventory included books containing reutations o heretical
doctrines.7
Tese accounts illuminate the material side o the production and
preservation o texts among inquisitors in Lombardy.8 Inquisitors in
Languedoc lived in a similar world. Like the Lombard inquisitors,
they
employed notaries, kept records o depositions and sentences, had
copies made, and sent letters. Tey possessed books, books
containing the ormulae used in their office and law relating to
inquisition, treatises against heretics, and heretics’ books they
had seized. One o John XXII’s bulls, rom , describes the two main
depots in Languedoc. ‘Te two inquisitors—that is, one at oulouse
and one at Carcassonne, have and operate a special building, having
there their houses and their proceed- ings [or records o
proceedings] and books and prisons or the custody o
individuals’.9
What can be reconstructed about the oulouse depot? In his hand-
book or inquisitors, Bernard Gui included the orm o a letter or the
protection o the building o the oulouse inquisitors, which reers to
it as their ‘house or hospice’, domus seu hospicium. Te
letter spelled out its two unctions. It was rst intended or the
carrying out o the office o inquisition, and or the ‘saer keeping o
the books and acts o the inquisition’ (ad conservandum libros et
acta inquisitionis tucius).
6 Rationes, ed. Biscaro, pp. , , , , , , , , . 7 Rationes, ed.
Biscaro, pp. , ; a chest or books, p. . 8 See urther on
inquisitors’ libraries G.G. Merlo, ‘Problemi documentari
dell’Inquisi-
zione medievale in Italia’, in I tribunali della ede:
continuità e discontinuità dal medioevo all’età moderna (Atti del
XLV Convegno di studi sulla Riorma e sui movimenti religiosi in
Italia, orre Pellice, – settembre ), ed. S. Peyronel
Rambaldi, Bollettino della Società di Studi Valdesi (),
pp. – [also on-line at http://www.cromohs.uni.it/_
/merlo_problemi.html], and M. Benedetti, ‘I libri degli
inquisitori’, in Libri, e altro: Nel passato e nel presente,
ed. G.G. Merlo (Milan ), pp. –.
9 Vidal, Bullaire, p. : duoinquisitores … unus videlicet Tolose et
alius Carcassone
specialem habent et aciunt mansionem, habentes ibidem domos suosque
processus aclibros et carceresad personarumcustodiam. Te undamental
account o the twoarchives in Languedoc is in Dossat, Crises,
ch. . Te account o Carcassonne is uller than that o
oulouse.
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
22/1101
Bernard Gui’s concern or the building led him to orbid handing over
the building to anyone or letting anyone live in it during the
absence o
the inquisitor.10
Tere will have been early losses o such texts, most clearly at the
time o the killing o the inquisitor William Arnold and members o
his house- hold at Avignonet in , when books were taken and sold to
heretics.11
But preservation is attested by later inquisitors’ use o the
records in the archive. As we shall see in chapter :iii below, when
interrogating in Hugh o Bouniols made careul use o a register
containing a deposi- tion made in ront o the inquisitor Ferrier in
.12 Tis register sur- vived to be copied in —Doat —and the
early date o some o the
material that has survived suggests that concern or preservation in
the inquisitors’ depot at oulouse went back to the the beginning.
One o the volumes copied in the seventeenth century contained
inquisition sen- tences rom as early as .13 Consequently, when
Bernard Gui came to write his inquisitors’ manual, which he nished
in –, oulouse inquisitors had been producing texts and keeping
records o them or nearly ninety years. He was very conscious o a
tradition stretching back in time, containing earlier
inquisitors and old books. He provided orms or the making o an
authenticated extract that could be used in law rom something in a
‘book o the inquisition … in which are written and con- tained the
acts o penance and sentences o our predecessor
inquisitors’.14
He looked at these books o inquisitions in the depot, comparing the
orms adopted in older and newer ones. Tus, when providing a orm or
the sentence o imprisonment he advised that, when there were a
large number o people being sentenced, one could put the statements
o their guilt beore the sentence itsel. He added, ‘it has ofen
happened thus, in practice, as can be ound equally
in recent books o the inquisition and
in ancient ones’ (et requenter contigit sic, de
acto prout invenitur in librisinquisitionis novis pariter et
antiquis).15
10 Gui, Practica, ii. (pp. –). 11 For example, one o the
participants in the killing, Bertrand o Quiriès, conessed in
that ‘he got eight shillings rom the aoresaid heretic (Bertrand o
Maireville) or a certain book which had belonged to the killed
inquisitors’ (habuit VIII solidos a predicto heretico pro quodam
libro qui uerat inquisitorum interectorum); oulouse , .
v . Another book etched shillings; CaF
(), p. .
12
– r
.13 D. 14 Gui, Practica ii., (p. ). 15
Gui, Practica iii. (p. ).
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
23/1101
–
In his own practice as an inquisitor, he dealt occasionally with
people who had appeared beore a oulouse inquisitor at an earlier
date. In
these cases, he consulted the books in the depot. He looked or the
written evidence o the person’s deposition, abjuration, sentence,
and their release rom prison or the wearing o crosses. On one
occasion only he notes that consulting the records had ailed:
a woman had conessed, but written evidence o her abjuration could
not be ound.16 Otherwise Gui seems to have ound what he wanted when
looking up the books in the depot. On various occasions
his Book o Sentences notes briey the act o consulting the
books, alongside a terse statement o what had been ound: the name
or names o the inquisitor(s), what had been done, and
the date. Te earliest was a conession to the inquisitor Bernard
William o Dax, ollowed by an abjuration dated January .17 Tis was a
remarkable moment. Te person who had appeared in was now
appearing beore Bernard Gui orty-nine years later! Perhaps because
o this, Bernard Gui’s notary added the precise reerence.
‘Look at the th book, rd olio’ (Require libro sexto decimo, olio
XXXIII o). Tere are only two reerences o such
precision.18
Te sixteenth book: clearly the books o inquisition in the oulouse
depotcarriednumbers.Canweusethesetogainsomeideaotheoriginal size o
the depot? At some stage one o the oulouse books, or a copy, which
was kept in the depot at Carcassonne, bore the number three: ‘the
third book o conessions o oulouse’.19 One volume in the depot at
oulouse, a copy transcribed ‘rom the books o conessions o Brother
Bernard o Caux’ (de libris ratris Bernardi de Cautio transcripta),
still contains reerences to two o their numbers. Tese are to
‘conessions rom the fh book o the Lauragais o Brother Bernard … rom
the ourth book’ (conessiones de V o libro Laurag- ratris
Bernardi … de
quarto libro). 20
Tese came rom the great inquisition o –.A useul parallel is ound in
the larger number still extant o copies o volumes
originally preserved in the depot o the inquisitors at Carcas-
sonne. Tere are a lot o reerences within these to numbered
volumes,
16 Gui, Livre des sentences, i.. 17 Gui, Livre des
sentences, i.. 18 Te other is ound in Livre des sentences, i.;
another example, with reerence by
olio number and lea (in this case verso), in G.W. Davis, Te
Inquisition at Albi : ext
o Register and Analysis (New York, ), p. : olio octogesimo
quarto in secundapagina. Further examples: Dossat, Crises, p.
. 19 Davis, Inquisition at Albi, p. . 20 Dossat, Crises,
p. .
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
24/1101
and it is clear that there was not one series o numbered volumes
but several.21 Tis is clearly the inerence also to be drawn rom the
sparser
reerences to numbered volumes in oulouse—that they were in several
numbered series. Te systematic numbering o books in different
series adds to the picture we nd elsewhere o inquisitors’ concern
or efficient data-retrieval, or example, in the two alphabetical
indexes that are set at the ront o Gui’s own Book o
Sentences,alistoplaces,ollowedbyavery long index o persons
listed by place.22 At the same time it gives us a ball- park view o
the size o the holdings in the oulouse depot. Accretions will not
have been steady. Te ups and downs in inquisition will have meant
much greater accessions in some periods than others. But by
Gui’s
time records had been accumulating or ninety years. Te numbers and
in Bernard o Caux’s sub-series and the number in another series,
allocated to a volume containing material rom , suggest that by the
time o Gui the depot in oulouse will have contained at least
several dozen volumes, some o them numbered in different series. A
gure to compare comes rom the other depot, at Carcassonne, where an
inven- tory o items—registers, books, quires—includes over orty
dated to beore .23
What can be said about the range and variety o the texts? Te chest
and coffer at Pavia contained both texts produced by the office o
inqui- sition and heretics’ books. Te depot at Carcassonne
contained a Cathar text, the Questions o
John or Secret Supper (Interrogatio Johannis);
trea- tises against heresy, including the Dialogue between a
Catholic and Pater- ine heretic and Rainier Sacconi’s
treatise against Cathars and Walden- sians; and a chronicle o
inquisition. Te depot at oulouse is likely to have contained a
similarly wide range o material, including the chroni- cle o
inquisition in oulouse written by William Pelhisson. Tose
texts
that are clearly attested are, however, those that arose directly
rom thecarrying out o the office o inquisition. Tere is a ormulaic
doublet within the reerences made in Bernard
Gui’s sentences to these texts—‘as appears through (i) the acts and
(ii) the processes in the books o the inquisition’ (sicut constat
per acta et processus in libros inquisitionis). Tis is
a useul reminder o the ormal
21 Dossat, Crises, pp. , , . 22
Gui, Livre des sentences, i. –.23 A. Germain, ‘Inventaire
inédit concernant les archives de l’inquisition de Carcas-
sonne’, Mémoires de la Société archéologique de
Montpellier (), pp. – (– ).
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
25/1101
–
variety o the documents that were transcribed into these
books o the inquisition. Tey included records o interrogations
(conessions, depo-
sitions, processus), abjurations, extracts containing the main
elements o a person’s guilt (extractiones culparum),
sentences ( penitentie, sententie), letters o penance,
acts o release rom prison and the wearing o crosses, and a
miscellany o other ‘acts’ o inquisition. A book could be dedicated
to the transcription o one type o text. For example, a note in
Gui’s Book o Sentences reers the reader to a book o
‘extractions’ (meaning extracts rom depositions o items bearing
upon guilt), in a way that suggests a book dedicated just to
these.24 Bernard o Caux’s books were designated as containing
‘conessions’ and the oulouse volume kept in Carcassonne
was ‘the third volume o conessions’. But one book could also
contain a mixture. Examples include the chronologically earliest
oulouse book copied by the Doat scribes, Doat , and Bernard
Gui’s Book o Sentences, both o which contained a combination o
‘extractions o guilt’ and sen- tences.
Copying texts and processing them helped to produce the
considerable ormal variety o the volumes in the depot. It is useul
to distinguish here between two sorts o copying. Te rst is the
writing and copying that went on at the time o the inquisitor’s
enquiry and sentencing. Tis has been reconstructed by Yves Dossat
on the basis in particular o the language and practice ound
in the manuscripts o the inquisitions o Bernard o Caux and Jacques
Fournier.25 During an interrogation, a notary wrote a record o
depositions into his ‘protocol’. At a later stage a notary or
notaries transcribed the records o these depositions into a book
which was regarded as the ‘original’. At this stage there could be
arrangement o material, the most obvious example being the copying
together o several pieces relating to one deponent. Ten
‘extractions o
guilt’ were made rom this, and then in turn the ‘extractions’ o
guilt
wereusedorthesentences.Teseinturnwererecorded.Teyweretheobjects o
practical advice in Gui’s inquisitors’ manual, where Gui was
concerned with the orm o what was written or preservation
as well as the orm o what was read out.
Tere was another reason or copying. Tere was legislative reaction
to the stealing o books rom the inquisitors killed at Avignonet in
. Te Dominican provincial chapter held in Narbonne in the ollowing
year,
24 Gui, Livre des sentences, i.: Culpa istius plenius continetur in
libro extraccionum secundo olio XVIo.
25 Dossat, Crises, pp. –.
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
26/1101
, orbade the carrying o the books o the inquisition. Te presence o
copies o oulouse conessions in Carcassonne suggests that the
ban
applied to originals, and that it stimulated copying. Copies could
be made at a time perceptibly later than the dates o
the inquisition acts in question. Te outer chronological limits o a
copy made on the instructions o the two inquisitors William
Bernard o Dax and Reginald o Chartres are late and August . But the
majority o the conessions transcribed in the copy were o acts
o inquisition car- ried out in –.26 Te maximum possible time-gap
between the copy and the last item copied was our years and ten
months, but obvi- ously it could have been only months. More
signicant is the gap between
the majority o the contents and the copy, which is about feen
years. Te immediate processes o inquisition led to the collection o
texts
in books that were exclusive and specialised. Later copying
encouraged urther re-arrangement, selection, and the inclusion o
generically differ- ent material. Tus the copy just mentioned
mainly contained conessions rom –, extracted rom Bernard o Caux’s
books o conessions, but it also contained copies o a miscellany o
acts by later inquisitors extending rom to . Tis copy provides a
useul example both o the relative generic reedom o this second type
o copying, and o the conusions that could result. Yves Dossat’s
close study o this copy shows that re-arrangement at one or other
or both stages led to disorder. Nine depositions were repeated, a
ew depositions were amputated, and the grouping o various pieces
around one person, regardless o date, led to wider chronological
conusion.27
ii. What do we know about the original register?
Te original register rom which the Doat – copy was ‘drawn’ con-
tained mainly the records o interrogations between and , many o
them conducted by the inquisitors Pons o Parnac and Ranulph o
Plassac. Some o its eatures, discussed later, indicate that it was
not an original ‘book o conessions’. Rather, it was an example o
the sec- ond type o copying that we have just been discussing. Tat
is to say, it was characterised by selection, omission and
re-arrangement, andit drew mainly on an earlier and uller
‘book o conessions’.
26 Dossat, Crises, . 27 Dossat, Crises, pp. and –.
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
27/1101
–
Outside Doat –, our knowledge o Pons o Parnac and Ranulph o Plassac
and the written materials their inquisitions generated comes
rom the later inquisitor Bernard Gui. In his history o the convents
in the province o oulouse Bernard Gui provided a short account o
Pons o Parnac’s careeer, and he reers to Pons three times in
his Book o Sentences. Pons also appears in the acts o the
provincial chapters that Gui compiled. Although Ranulph is a more
shadowy gure, Gui names him twice in his Book o Sentences.28
Gui’s reerences indicate the existence o other books in the depot,
con- taining the records o these inquisitors and their immediate
collaborators and successors, that are other than the volume copied
into Doat –.
‘From books and acts o the inquisition’ Gui knew that Ranulph o
Plas- sac and Pons o Parnac had condemned Philippa o ounis to
wearing double crosses and small pilgrimages, on May , and Arnalda
o Roquevidal to imprisonment, on November .29 Te latter
sentence spelled out as having been delivered at St Stephen’s
cathedral in oulouse. He also knew rom these sources that Philippa
had been allowed to stop wearing these crosses by Hugh Amiel and
John Galand, at a later date, unspecied.30 Gui also knew that on
April Pons o Parnac and Hugh o Bouniols had conceded to Petrona o
Saint-Martin-Lalande the grace not to wear crosses that had been
imposed on her in by Pons o Pouget, and he knew this not only rom
books and acts but the let- ter that had been granted to her.31 It
is clear rom Gui’s consultation o evidence about Philippa and
Arnalda that the depot held a book o inqui- sition containing the
sentences o Ranulph o Plassac and Pons o Parnac. Tere was also a
book—it could have been the same book—containing the letter granted
to Petrona.
Gui’s reerences to Arnalda o Roquevidal bear upon the ‘book
o
conessions’. Arnalda was sentenced to imprisonment by Bernard Gui
onApril , at which date she is described as the widow o Raymond
Hugh o Roquevidal and now living in oulouse. As already mentioned,
she had previously conessed to participation in heresy and had been
sentenced to imprisonment by the inquisitors Ranulph o Plassac and
Pons o Parnac in . Afer being reed rom prison, the cross and
28
See ch. below.29 Gui, Livre des sentences, i., . 30
Gui, Livre des sentences, i.. 31 Gui, Livre des
sentences, i..
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
28/1101
pilgrimage had been imposed on her by the inquisitor Peter
o Mulceone, and he had later released her rom wearing
the cross. A grandson, child o
her son William Hugh, had died earlier in . Conversation in August
about the act that the grandson had not been hereticated had led to
negotiation to nd heretics to hereticate Arnalda hersel—she was
ill— and she had been taken prisoner in February . Tere ollowed her
interrogation by Gui and his consultation o a book or books in the
depot, including one or more arising rom the inquisitorial
activities o Pons o Parnac and Ranulph o Plassac.32
Te volume copied into Doat – contained records o the inter-
rogations o Arnalda’s husband Raymond Hugh and her
brother-in-law
Bernard Hugh by Ranulph o Plassac and Pons o Parnac.33 Tese inter-
rogations mentioned Arnalda ofen. But, though we know Ranulph and
Pons also interrogated and sentenced Arnalda, her interrogation is
not recorded in this book. She is not the only case. Bernard Hugh’s
wie ol- sana was also ofen mentioned during these interrogations.
Gui also dealt with her, releasing her rom prison on March and
allowing her to stop wearing crosses on May . Her name and the date
o her orig- inal imprisonment——show that she was also interrogated
around the time when her husband, brother-in-law and sister-in-law
were inter- rogated. She was sentenced seven months earlier than
her sister-in-law Arnalda, on May .34 In the case o Arnalda,
Gui was explicit, spelling out the basis or his statements—‘as is
clear to us lawully accord- ing to the books and acts o the
inquisition’ (sicut legitime nobis constat per libros
et acta inquisitionis)—and naming the inquisitors Ranulph o
Plassac and Pons o Parnac. In the case o olsana, Gui does not name
the inquisitors nor spell out the act that he had consulted the
books and acts o the inquisition, but it is clear rom the precision
o the date that
he had done so.Bernard Gui’s Book o
Sentences demonstrate, rst, that there was in the depot at
oulouse a ‘book o conessions’ o Pons o Parnac and Ranulph o
Plassac, containing more interrogations than those in the register
copied into Doat –, and, secondly, that there was also a book
containing their sentences.
32
Gui, Livre des sentences, i.–.33 r–r, r–r. See below, pp. –,
or urther discussion o these two depo- nents.
34 Gui, Livre des sentences, i., .
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
29/1101
–
Tis much is certain. By contrast, the sequence tabulated below is a
conjectural reconstruction, based on putting together (i) the
generically
varied range o the books in the oulouse and Carcassonne
depots, (ii) the production o later copies that had elements o
selection, re- arrangement and anthology, and (iii) the data
provided by Bernard Gui. Here we apply Ockham’s razor, presenting
the most economical model that covers the acts, while recognising
that the sequence o texts in the now irrecoverable past reality may
well have been more complex.
(i) Te interrogations o Ranulph and Pons, and their immediate col-
laborators and successors, were recorded in notaries’
protocols.
(ii) Tese were then transcribed into the ‘originals’, the
Book or Bookso Conessions o these inquisitors,
including the no-longer extant interrogations o Arnalda o
Roquevidal and olsana.
(iii) Tere is likely to have been a Book o Extractions, on the
lines o the earlier culpe o Peter Sellan and the
later culpe o Bernard Gui.
(iv) Tese ‘extracts o guilt’ (extractiones culparum)ormedthebasesor
sentences. We know the exact dates o two o these ‘public sermons’
in , one spelled out as being in the Cathedral o St Stephen’s in
oulouse. Tese sentences will have been recorded in a
Book
o Sentences o these inquisitors. Alongside (ii) above, this
was the book Bernard Gui will have consulted.
(v) Under the instructions o a later inquisitor or pair o
inquisitors, a scribe will have copied into another register a
selection rom the Book or Books o Conessions, together
with some other pieces.
Although we shall never be able to establish much about the
selection made in stage (v) above, we need to repeat the one
certain point about exclusion. As we have seen, the selection
excluded the records o the
depositions o two women, the wives o the two brothers rom
Roque- vidal. We can also conjecture the inclusion o material
drawn rom ‘orig- inals’ other than
this Book or Books o Conessions. Te volume contains
letters about the mandating o inquisition to the prior o the
Domini- cans at Montauban,35 and these are likely to have been
copied rom a book o ‘acts’ pertaining to Ranulph’s and Pons’s
inquisition. Te deposi- tions o Burgundian Waldensians contain a
date, but no note o inquisi- tor or place o interrogation.36 Tey
are also sketchier than other depo- sitions in the register. We
have only shadowy knowledge o Burgundian
35 r– v . 36 v – v .
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
30/1101
inquisition. An otherwise unknown Gui o Rheims was ‘inquisitor
o heretics in Burgundy’ in the s, and dealing with
Waldensians.37
Extrapolating rom this later act, we could suggest the possibility
that the Burgundian depositions in Doat were drawn rom another
source that had come into the oulouse depot, and ultimately rom a
book o depositions made in ront o the inquisitor or
inquisitors o Burgundy. Against this is the act that their dates t
into the chronology o sur- rounding depositions. Te wide
chronological span o the volume and the transition rom conessions
in ront o Pons and Ranulph in the mid- s to conessions in ront o
Hugh Amiel and John Galand around suggest the possibility o the
material being drawn rom two—
or rom two groups o—Books o Conessions. Finally, we can also dis-
cern occasional problems and mistakes, especially near the
beginning o the enterprise, which are reminiscent o the
errors ound by Dossat in the copy o an earlier register that he
studied. For example, in the Doat copy o his conession, the
deponent’s rst appearance is as the ‘aore- said’ Bernard o Rival:
clearly the earlier part o his deposition has been amputated.38
Shortly aferwards there is another example o amputation, when
another deponent makes his rst appearance, this time unnamed, as
‘the aoresaid’.39
Te latest date in the volume copied into Doat – is January . In the
earlier discussion o a copy and selection executed on the orders o
inquisitors, the gap between most recent originals and the
copy was somewhere between a ew months and our years ten
months, and
theouterlimitsothegapbetweenthecopyandtheearliestoriginalswere
thirteen and eighteen years. I there was a similar gap here, we
should think o dates between and the late s or the assembling o
this selective register. But a slightly later date is not
excluded.
iii. Seventeenth-century evidence, and the ‘sixth
register’
During the mid- and later seventeenth century several Dominicans
paid considerable attention to the inquisition archives o oulouse
and Car- cassonne: Antonin Reginald, Jean-Jacques Percin and Jean
Benoist. Tese
37
Gui, Le livre des sentences, ii., , , . Later histories o
inquisitionadd nothing to these reerences. 38 r. 39 r.
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
31/1101
–
men used registers as sources or historical works, Reginald or a
chroni- cle o medieval inquisitors, Percin or a history o the
Dominican convent
in oulouse and Benoist or an account o medieval heresies. Demon-
strating the growth o interest in the reading and scholarly use o
these materials, they provide an interesting local parallel to the
Doat enterprise. Tey also provide precious inormation about the
state o these archives, and the register upon which Doat – was
based.
Te earliest o them was oulouse Dominican, Antonin Reginald, also
known as Regnault (c. –). An academic theologian at oulouse
andtheauthoroamonumentalaccountotheCouncilorent,Antonin Reginald’s
lie and work is mainly known to us through a short biogra-
phy written by Percin, included in his history o the convent,40 and
the short biography and bibliography compiled by the Dominicans
Jacques Quéti (–) and Jacques Échard (–).41 Reginald turned to the
inquisition registers in the convent to compile two works, one con-
taining data about inquisitors killed at Avignonet, the other an
account o the inquisitors o oulouse.42 While the ormer was noticed
and dis- cussed by Yves Dossat, the latter has escaped modern
attention. It is pos- sible that the marginalia in one o the
volumes in the convent library containing depositions mainly
rom –—later oulouse Biblio- thèque municipale MS —are traces o the
preliminary research work. In a seventeenth-century hand the
laconic ‘inq’ appears over two dozen times to mark the appearance o
an inquisitor.43 Quéti and Échard pro- vide the title o the
resulting work, Chronicon Inquisitorum olosanorum, noting that it
was not published, that its manuscript was preserved by the
Dominicans in oulouse, and that it contained interpolations by
Percin.44
It did not go with other manuscripts rom this convent into the
Biblio- thèque Municipale, and our efforts to nd this manuscript
have been
unsuccessul. However, it had a long aferlie through extensive
copying
40 J.-J. Percin, Monumenta conventus olosani ordinis F.F.
Praedicatorum (oulouse, ), pp. –.
41 J. Quéti and J. Échard, Scriptores Ordinis Praedicatorum
recensiti notis historicis et criticis illustrati ad annum ,
vols (Paris, –), ii. a–b.
42 Percin, Monumenta, p. : Is ipse Chronicon Inquisitorum
compilavit & plura pro Historia trium Fratrum Avenionetti
occisorum anno ut retuli, .
43 oulouse , . v , r, r, v (bis),
v , v , v , v (bis),
v , v , r, v , v ,
v , v ,r, v ,r, v , v , v , v , v .Terst,on.r,islonger:F.Ferra.
Inquis.44 Quéti and Échard, Scriptores, ii. b. Te ninth in the
list o Reginald’s works was this: Chronicon Inquisitorum
olosanorum. Extat apud nostros olosae MS, quod in suam conv. ol.
Historiam identidem tamen interpolatam congessit Jacobus Percin
citatus.
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
32/1101
and interpolation into the history o the oulouse convent which
Regi- nald’s ellow oulouse Dominican, Jean-Jacques Percin, wrote
between
and and published in .45
Percin seems at rst sight to have made considerable use o manu-
scripts in Dominican libraries and archives, especially those o
oulouse and Prouille. He includes quite a ew reerences to
‘registers o inquisi- tion’, doing this in order to support his
listing o the names and dates o the inquisitors o oulouse. On one
occasion, in part o a short work on the ‘Martyrs o
Avignonet’, he reers to the deposition o a particular witness,
Ermesendis Pellicier, and what she had said about the killing
o the inquisitor William Arnold; this is discussed urther
below. Most o
Percin’s reerences speciy the register urther, once reerring to an
‘old register’, but most o the time reerring to them by number:
register one, register two, register our and register six. Tere are
no reerences to reg- isters three and ve. Percin also cites by olio
number, using ‘pag. II’ to reer to the verso o a olio.
Although Percin did make some direct use o medieval manuscripts,
much o the time he was also avowedly and heavily dependent on Regi-
nald’s manuscript history o the inquisitors o oulouse, as Quéti and
Échard pointed out. When citing the registers Percin usually makes
his dependence plain, citing
the Chronicon or Catalogus Inquisitorum, using
phrases like ‘in the Catalogue o Inquisitors compiled by our
brother Antonin Reginald’ or ‘these things are
rom brother Reginald’.46 Percin added to his history o the
convent in oulouse a little work (Opusculum) on the heresy o the
Albigensians, into which is incorporated another lit- tle work on
the inquisition, and into the latter he incorporated a two- page
list o oulouse inquisitors entitled Names o
Inquisitors (Nomina Inquisitorum).47 While the dependence o
this on Reginald’s earlier work
is no more than a plausible conjecture, we can be condent that
mosto Percin’s reerences to the inquisition registers o oulouse
come rom Reginald: and most probably all o them did.
Tis is very important. Antonin Reginald was using the registers in
the archives in oulouse at around the time o the Doat commission or
perhaps a ew years beore. Tere is no question o his using
temporarily
45 B. Montagnes, ‘L’historiographie de saint Dominique en pays
oulousain de Rechac à ouron (–)’, CaF (), pp. –
().
46
Percin, Monumenta, p. : In catalogo inquisitorum a Fr. nostro
Antonino Regi-naldo compilato; haec F. Reginaldus. 47
Percin, Opusculum de haeresi Albigensium, pp. –. Tis work
ollows afer the
Monumenta and is separately paginated.
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
33/1101
–
available Doat copies. For example, Doat contains the penances
o Peter Sellan, which may be the sentences o Peter Sellan to
which Regi-
nald reers. Whereas they start on olio in what is described as an
‘old register’, they start on olio r in the physically new Doat .48
Conse- quently, Reginald’s is the only testimony about the medieval
registers, as they were preserved at this time, which we can try to
use as a control on the Doat mission. O outstanding interest is the
congruence between one o the registers and Doat –. All o the
principal inquisitors o Doat – appear also in Reginald’s / Percin’s
reerences to register six.
Beore looking at these, we should bear in mind errors that may have
crept in at several stages: errors made by Reginald in using the
regis-
ters, by Percin when copying and extracting rom Antonin Reginald’s
manuscript, and by the printers when Percin’s history was
published. Percin’s apology or not being able to correct printer’s
errors and his list o a ew major errata indicate that the
published work contains many uncorrected slips.49 But there
is more than this. Percin was an unusually careless scholar.
Quéti and Échard’s near-contemporary biography con- tains a
scathing denunciation o his proneness to error,50 and this is con-
rmed by the principalmodern historian o the early Dominicans, Simon
ugwell.51 An example is the unique precise reerence to the
deposition o Ermesendis Pellicier, reerring to a detail rom the
killing o inquisitors at Avignonet. Tough very short, it manages to
make two errors. One is that the detail does not occur within her
deposition: it comes just afer her deposition. Te other is the olio
reerence, given as : it should be .52 Consequently, we have to be
prepared or more errors, especially numerical ones. One o
Percin’s reerences which appears at rst sight to be to the sixth
register has clearly suffered rom his (or Reginald’s) slip- shod
ways.53
48 Percin, Monumenta, p. : In catalogo Inquisitorum a Fr.
nostro compilato, de quo saepius in decursu, t mention hoc eodem
anno Fratris Cellani seu Syllani, cujus in veteri Registro ponuntur
sententiae olio II.
49 Percin, Opusculum, p. . 50 J. Quéti and J.
Échard, Scriptores Ordinis Praedicatorum recensiti notis
historicis et
criticis illustrati ad annum , Ab anno ad annum perducti, ed. R.
Coulon and A. Papillon, vols (Rome, Paris, –), i..
51 Private conversation. 52 Percin, Opusculum, p. : in .
Inquisitionis Registro olio in depositione Erme-
sindis Peliceriae. Te deposition is oulouse , . r
.53 Percin, Monumenta, pp. –, writes that that it is clear
rom register that Stephen o Gâtine succeeded William o Montreveil
as the inquisitor o oulouse, and that he was active as inquisitor
in , and . Since Stephen’s career as an
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
34/1101
Te table below shows the register that Antonin Reginald examined
somewhere between the s and his death in , and the volume
that the Doat commission copied in October .
Names Register . Doat –
Ranulph and Pons together, rst mention
ol. r54 Doat was based on ‘a parchment book—whose rst lea is marked
with the number and the last ’. Ranulph and Pons may have
appeared in a title not copied by the Doat scribes: see comment at
the end o this table.
Ranulph and Pons together rom r
mention o earlier inquisitor, William o Montreveil
ol. r55 r
ol. v56 r
Peter Arsieu ol. 57 rom r
inquisitor in oulouse started probably around , we would expect
evidence about the commencement o his career to be ound in an
earlier register. Te precise reerences provided by Percin usually
include (a) register number, (b) olio number, and (c) pag. and pag.
to indicate recto or verso. In this case the reerence—ut constat ex
Registro . pag. —is clearly erroneous. Providing verso (‘pag. ’)
makes no sense i there is no olio number. ‘Fol.’ and a number are
missing. Te most probable explanation is that is the
olio number, o a register whose number Percin omitted: the original
will have been ‘ut constat ex Registro missing no., possibly ,
ol. . pag. ’. An alternative conjecture is ‘ut constat ex
Registro . olio, missing no. pag. ’. But this is rendered
implausible by the chronological lag between the beginning o
Stephen o Gâtine’s career and the rest o the material cited rom
register .
54 Percin, Monumenta, p. : successit in Officio Inquisitoris
ex Registro . ol. . Frater Raymundus seu Raynulphus de Placiato,
pro ut compertum est ex citato Registro . ol. [sic] qui etiam
expresse Inquisitor dicitur anno superiori . &
quia Frater Pontius de Parnaco Caturcensis vocatur
etiam Inquisitor citato Registro . ol. . simul
exercuisse sanctum officium probabile est.
55 Percin, Monumenta, p. : in . Registro ol. . pag. . in ne,
idem F. Revelli
vocatur quondam Inquisitor.56 Percin, Monumenta, p. :
olio . pag. . t mentio Fratris Hugonis de Boniolis. Te
register number is not given here, but register is given in the
previous sentence.
57 Percin, Monumenta, p. : De eo in Registro sexto
Inquisitionis olio agitur.
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
35/1101
end o the register’ 58
v (acting), r, v ,
v
, v
, v
, r
, v
, v ; r , r , v , r , r ,
v , r , v , v , r , v ,
v , v , r , r , r , r .
Hugh o Bouniols and Pons o Parnac together
mention o him in ; together with brother Pons o Parnac, olio
59
r, v , v , v
John Galand ol. v60 rom v
Tis table begins with an interesting coincidence. Numbering in the
old
register that Doat copied began at , and Reginald’s rst reerence to
Pons o Parnac and Ranulph o Plassac together is at olio . Although
the number in ‘olio our’ may be one o Percin’s errors, the more
likely expla- nation is that the Doat copyists omitted a title on
the rst lea (numbered our). Following the model o one manuscript in
the convent, bearing the
title Conessiones … Bernardi de Caucio,61 register
six probably started with a title such
as Conessiones … Pontii de Parnaco et Ranulphi de
Plas- saco.
Percin’s carelessness means that there are almost certainly other
errors o olio numbers. But there are sufficient parallels to
showthat the register , which Reginald knew, was the volume copied
into Doat –.
wo more eatures o the original register can be conjectured. A com-
parison o olio numbers in register and Doat – and the very small
number o words per lea in Doat – indicates that it was a small
manuscript. Reerences to other conessions within depositions in the
Doat copy—see the passages in parentheses
in r and r —suggest that it had cross-reerences
noted in its margins.
58 Percin, Monumenta, p. : De eo in Registro Inquisitionis .
olio . & deinde sub nem dicti Registri pluries t mentio ejus ex
F. Reginaldo.
59 Percin, Monumenta, p. : F. Hugo de Boniolis uit
circa haec tempora Inquisitor, ut constat ex Registro . in quo de
eo t mentio anno . una cum Fratre Pontio de
Parnaco & olio .60 Percin, Monumenta, p. : Anno eodem
[] F. Joannes Galandi uit Inquisitor ut notatur in
. Registro, , pag. .
61 Dossat, Crises, p. .
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
36/1101
iv. Te Doat commission
Tevolumeseditedherearenumbersandinaseriesovolumes containing copies
o documents held in various archives in Languedoc, executed between
and under the direction o Jean de Doat and sent off to Paris or
Jean-Baptiste Colbert (–).62
Minister o nance to king Louis XIV (–), Colbert was a great patron
o learned academies and the arts, and above all the proud owner o
the magnicent private library, into which the volumes went.63
He lef at his death about , printed books and , manuscripts. Tere
was a tradition o great ministers having grand
libraries—Riche-
lieu, Mazarin and now Colbert. Te grandeur o these libraries,
Lothar Kolmer has suggested, bore upon the prestige both o the
state and o the individual ministers in question. Colbert
himsel said that his main pleasure in royal service lay in orming
his library. He was clearly good at appointing talented librarians,
one o whom, Pierre de Carcavy, lef behind a succinct and
penetrating account o the Doat project.
Louis XIV’s commission to Jean de Doat spelled out the two aims
o copying: or the conservation o the rights o the crown and
to serve history ( pour la conservation des droicts de nostre
couronne et pour servir à l’histoire). Te contemporary context o
the rst o these was provided by war, politics and debate: the
French war against the Spanish Netherlands (–), general interest in
French royal rights, and Louis XIV’s personal interest in the
renewal o the Carolingian Empire. Concern with crown rights to
possessions had been given particular impetus by contemporary
lawyers’ arguments that crown rights, once acquired, could never be
removed.
62 Tere is no detailed ormal catalogue. For an inventory o all the
collection, see P. Lauer, Collections manuscrites sur
l’histoire des provinces de France: Inventaire, vols (Paris, –),
i.–, and or the volumes concerning heresy and inquisition, Doat –,
C. Molinier. L’inquisition dans le Midi de la France au XIII
et au XVIe siècle: Étude sur les sources de son
histoire (Paris, ), pp. –. More detailed analysis and
identication o these volumes is ound in Dossat, Crises, pp. –
and –.
63 Te ollowing account is based mainly on the documents published
in H. Omont, La collection Doat à la Bibliothèque Nationale:
Documents sur les recherches de Doat dans les archives du sud-ouest
de la France de à (Paris, ), and the account by
L. Kolmer, ‘Colbert und die Enstehung der Collection
Doat’, Francia (), –.Kolmer’s description o the Doat
mission, pp. –, is based on more exhaustive use than Omont’s o the
materials collected in Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS
Nouvelles Acq. Fr. .
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
37/1101
–
Te context o the second aim was the remarkable range o monu- mental
enterprises in antiquarian, editorial and historical
scholarship
that were being undertaken in France during these decades. Another
o Colbert’s librarians, Étienne Baluze (–), was publishing
many medieval texts. Te two Maurists Luc d’Achery (–) and
Jean Mabillon (–) were laying the oundations o the great Acta
Sanctorum series. Its rst volume appeared in . And Charles du
Fresne du Cange (–) was engaged in the research or his great
dictionary o medieval Latin, whose rst edition appeared in . Te
second part o Doat’s commission, to copy documents in Languedoc ‘to
serve history’, can be seen as an example o a medium-scale
enterprise
rom this remarkable period o scholarship. Jean de Doat was born
around , the son o a lawyer.64 He was
Président o the Chambre des Comptes o the Parlement o Pau rom , he
bought the lordship o Doat, near Montaner, in ,65 and he died a
little beore August . Te commission which bears his name lasted rom
to , and it is conveniently divided into two phases. Te rst phase
began with Doat bringing an inventory o titres (material
bearing upon rights) rom Béarn to Paris in . Colbert’s librarian
Pierre de Carcavy marked the ones to be copied, and on May
Doat got orders rom Colbert to go ahead.66 More inventories were
sent to Carcavy, and many copies were executed between July and
August . According to the crisp historical aide-memoire drawn up by
Carcavy, Colbert was pleased with Doat’s care and his researches,
and he obtained or him two royal commissions.67 One o them (April )
extended his work to Guyenne and the other (October ) extended it
to the whole o Languedoc. By the cost o the project had passed
, livres. Colbert could no longer stand the cost, and
the
commission’s work came to an end.In the Languedoc phase o the
project, Doat established his bureau o copyists successively
in Foix, Rodez, Foix again, Carcassonne, and L’Isle- en-Albigeois.
He settled it in the latter on August , to escape the heat o
Carcassonne. Tere was a set procedure or obtaining material. A
member o the commission would go to the archive, with the
royal
64 R. Le Blant, ‘Doat (Jean de)’, Dictionnaire de biographie
rançaise (), cols –.
65
Healready bore the name Doat, which has no connection with this
lordship o Doat.66 On Carcavy, see R. d’Amat, ‘Carcavy (Pierre
de)’, Dictionnaire de biographie rançaise (), cols –.
67 Omont, Collection Doat , pp. –.
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
38/1101
patent, to announce Doat’s impending visit. He then looked at
original documents, assisted by two scribes. Doat would then visit
and choose.
Scribes would make out two lists o the documents that they took
away. One list was lef in the archive, to acilitate checking when
the documents were returned.
Doat visited oulouse, staying there between November and , and it
is during these three weeks that he will have visited the archives
o the Dominicans. A little later the Dominican Jean Benoist
was visiting the archives o his Order in Languedoc in order to
gather material or the history o medieval heresies that he was to
publish in . Benoist looked mainly at the Carcassonne archive,
among other things using it or
an edition o the whole o text o the Cathar Interrogatio
Johannis. But he also looked at the oulouse archive, describing its
contents thus. ‘I there
wasneedorit,twelveoldRegisterspreservedintheConventotheFriars
Preacher in oulouse would provide yet more proos. One sees in them
the procedures mounted by Inquisitors on various occasions against
the Albigensians, and the avowal o their doctrine. Tese Acts are
attested by Inquisitors, witnesses, Notaries public, and
sometimes even by Bishops, in whose presence the Inquisitors
carried out the proceedings.’68
Most signicant is the evidence here o the wasting away o the
archive by the late seventeenth century. Te extensiveness o the
archive o the Dominicans at Carcassonne is reected in Doat’s
choice—seventeen ‘Doat’ volumes contain his scribes’ copies o
Carcassonne materials. In oulouse, by contrast, Doat was conronted
by a much smaller archive. He chose only three volumes he ound
there, ‘a parchment book, covered with wood and a skin’,69 a
collection o ‘twenty parchment quires bound together, the rst o
which was marked no. and the last ’,70 and the volume whose
copy is edited here, ‘a parchment book—whose rst lea
is marked with the number and the last ’. I the archive’s holdings
in were the same as when Benoist visited—in the s?—Doat chose to
copy a quarter o the inquisition registers that were there, three
out
68 ‘Douze anciens Registres que l’on conserve dans le Convent [sic]
des Freres Pres- cheurs de oulouse ourniroient encore des preuves
s’il en étoit besoin. On y voit les procedures que les Inquisiteurs
rent en differentes occasions contre les Albigeois, &
l’aveu de leur doctrine. Ces Actes se trouvent signez des
Inquisiteurs, des témoins, des Notaires publics, & souvent même
des Evêques, en presence desquels les Inquisiteurs
instruisoient les procés’; J. Benoist, Histoire des Albigeois
et des Vaudois ou Barbets, vols(Paris, ), i.. 69 Copied into Doat ,
. r– v . 70 Copied into Doat , . r–r.
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
39/1101
–
o twelve. Te size o the volumes Doat chose is striking. Te rst two
o these registers were rather small, one copied into olios by
Doat
scribes, the other into . Register six was larger, copied into
olios. Tere was one volume we know Doat did not decide to copy,
oulouse MS , and its very great size is its most striking eature.
One o Doat’s selection criteria in oulouse seems to have been
manageable size: he chose small to medium size registers.
At this period, documents were being removed to
L’Isle-en-Albigeois. Trough an extract made by Carcavy, we have the
last account Doat presented, which runs rom May to February .71 It
covers, thereore, the period late in when one o the oulouse
registers was
being copied into Doat –. In addition to ve named copyists paid
annually, there were ve paid according to their work at
sous per lea and seven at sous per
lea.72 Te variety o names sported by one o the annually paid
scribes—Bugarel, Burgarel and Bugard—closely parallels the variety
o names present in the copy or one man who appears in the
depositions.73 Doat’s scribes were not intended to leave their
names on the copies they made. But it is possible that
this particular scribe circumvented this, wittily interpolating
into the copy various orms o his own name, imposed on the ‘Johannes
de Bu-’ ound in the original. Such a jape might well have appealed
to louche individuals in Doat’s employ.74
I so, it escaped notice. For, in addition to the scribes, there
were our men to correct the copies. Finally one o the clerks o the
Chambre des Comptes at Pau, Gratian Capot, compared the copy in
Doat – with the original, looking or errors. He then authenticated
it, doing this in Albi on October .
It would be easy to construct a cloud o doubt to envelop the Doat
vol- umes. Te majority o inquisition materials copied by the Doat
commis-
sion are unique documents, not otherwise attested. Te
authenticatingnote states that the copy was extrait —i
‘extracted’ means ‘selected’, how was the selection made? I
even Doat complained about his copyists and their errors, what
trust can be placed in these texts?
71 Omont, Collection Doat , pp. –. 72 Omont,
Collection Doat , p. : Bugarel, Bonté, Dubuisson,
Latapie and Sainct-
Martin, paid by the year; Duaur, Jamin, Cathelan, Rebelle, Besse,
Sahuc and Labastide Diseste, paid s per lea; Segure, Sassus,
Courreges, Cassenave and Labastide de Bielle paid s per lea.
73 Omont, Collection Doat , pp. , . Bagairal, Bugairal,
Bugaralh, Burgaria; r, v , r, r ,
v , v .
74 Doat reerred to ‘la desbauche et le libertinage des copistes’,
Omont, Collection Doat , p. .
8/19/2019 (Studies in the History of Christian Traditions 147)
Biller, Bruschi and Sneddon Eds. - Inquisitors and Heretics in
Thir…
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/studies-in-the-history-of-christian-traditions-147-biller-bruschi-and-sneddon
40/1101
It is useul here to repeat and add to the comments o the principal
modern student o the Collection Doat, Lothar Kolmer. He begins
his
analysis o the trustworthiness o the Doat copies when used as
histori- cal sources, their Quellenwert , by stating that
there is no doubt that they go back to originals in various
archives.75 Kolmer noted that the system o identiying provenance
was rudimentary, and that Doat chose what to copy, pointing to the
act that it is now no longer possible to establish the relationship
between what he chose to copy and what he did not. Allud- ing to
the difficulties o transcribing medieval texts, he observed that
the Doat copyists sometimes expanded abbreviations wrongly. Tese
copy- ists’ errors were irritating to Doat, or whom the worth o the
copies lay
in their being verbatim copies o originals. Effort was expended in
check- ing, and Kolmer concludes that conscious abbreviation or
alsication o the originals can be completely excluded.
Te rst point o signicance to us is Doat’s choice. We need to
distinguish between selecting large tranches o material, usually by
book, to copy, and selecting within any given tranche o
material. We know Doat did the rst, when selecting the
volumes o inquisition trials to be copied, but there is no
indication that he did the second, selecting within particular
tranches o trials. Here we need to clear out o the way an
unortunate misunderstanding that may arise rom the literal
translation (preerred in our edition) o Gratian Capot’s note in
Doat . According to this, Doat and the rst part o Doat were
‘extracted and collated rom’ the register in oulouse. In modern
English extracted is used ofen to suggest selection,
whereas the original French extrait is neutral on
whether there has or has not been selection and thereore exclusion
o some material. Te irreducible meaning is ‘drawn rom and checked
against’ the original volume. Tere is no positive indication
here
o deliberate cherry-picking.Te second area o concern is copyists’
errors and corrections. Tey are discussed in detail later,
but a general comment is ne