Storyboards

What is a Storyboard?A storyboard is:

– a breakdown of a film or movie sequence– a quick visual snapshot of your final product

What is a Storyboard?

• It contains graphics and text which describe each frame (scene) in detail.

• It can also contain information about dialogue or camera movements.

A storyboard is kind of like a comic book

Why is it necessary to have a storyboard?

– It will help you plan your animation out shot by shot

– You can make changes to your storyboard before you start animating, instead of changing your mind later

– You will also be able to talk about your animation and show it to other people to get feedback on your ideas

How Do I Make a Storyboard?- storyboards can be drawn in pen or pencil - you can also take photos- cut out pictures from magazines- or use a computer

Your drawings don’t have to be fancy! Use basic shapes, stick figures, & simple backgrounds.

Use This Storyboard TemplateIf you’d like, you can use the template below. It can be alsodownloaded from the class site.

“How to Create a Storyboard” Video

How to Create StoryboardsExample of a 45 sec. storyboard:

Each 6-word line takes about 3 sec. to speak. And 3 seconds is about the ideallength for any still image to appear on the screen. Too short, and it’s hard for theviewer to recognize what’s being shown; too long, and boredom sets in.

Pay The Most Attention To:1. Position of the headsA thumbnail storyboard is just the location of the heads of thepeople in the scene. If you can clearly show the position, size,and expression of each person’s head, most everything elseis clear.

Storyboard Example:

Pay The Most Attention To:2. Body OptionalBy adding the body, you can show how each actor relates tothe others in the scene. However, drawing the head usuallyalready shows this information.

Pay The Most Attention To:3. Camera angleThis shows how you will frame the shot. This is whatmakes the shot visually appealing.

Types of shots:

An Extreme Close-up (ECU) shot shows the fine details of a subject.

A Close-up (CU) shot captures only a small portion of a subject.

A Medium Shot (MS) shows about half ofthe complete subject.

A Long Shot (LS)captures most (if not all)of the subject.

Pay The Most Attention To:4. The Lens is the ThingRemember to explain the relationship between the charactersin the scene. When you draw the thumbnail of each frame,explain what lens is needed to capture the image.

Wide Angle vs Telephoto

A wide angle lens creates a feeling of distance and cold. Telephoto – warmth and closeness.

Storyboard Language:CLOSE-UP SHOT: A close range of distance between the camera & the subject.

DISSOLVE: A transition between two shots, where 1 shot fades away andsimultaneously another shot fades in.

FADE: A transition from a shot to black where the image gradually becomesdarker is a Fade Out; or from black where the image gradually becomes brighteris a Fade In.

HIGH CAMERA ANGLE: A camera angle which looks down on its subject making it look small, weak or unimportant.

JUMP CUT: A rapid, jerky transition from one frame to the next, either disruptingthe flow of time or movement within a scene or making an abrupt transition fromone scene to another.

LEVEL CAMERA ANGLE: A camera angle which is even with the subject; it may be used as a neutral shot.

Storyboard Language:LONG SHOT: A long range of distance between the camera and the subject, often providing a broader range of the setting.

LOW CAMERA ANGLE: A camera angle which looks up at its subject; it makes the subject seem important and powerful.

PAN: A steady, sweeping movement from one point in a scene to another.

POV (point of view shot): A shot which is understood to be seen from the point of view of a character within the scene.

REACTION SHOT: A shot of someone looking off screen. A reaction shot can also be a shot of someone in a conversation where they arenot given a line of dialogue but are just listening to the other person speak.

TILT: Using a camera on a tripod, the cam. moves up or down to follow the action.

ZOOM: Use of the camera lens to move closely towards the subject.

Example of a Good Storyboard

How to Create a Good Storyboard Article:http://www.videomaker.com/article/2313/

Comics on the Webhttp://magicinkwell.com/?cat=405

Storyboards

Animation

What is Animation?

Animation is the rapid display of a sequence of images

of 2-D or 3-D artwork or model positions in order tocreate an illusion of movement. It is an optical illusion

ofmotion due to the phenomenon of persistence of

vision.

What is Persistence of Vision?

Persistence of vision is the ability of the eye to retain

the impression of an image for a short time after theimage has disappeared.

Six Types of Animation Techniques

1. Stop-motion animation:- Puppet animation- Claymation- Cutout animation, etc.

2. Traditional, hand-drawn animation3. Rotoscoping

Six Types of Animation Techniques

4. Live-action animation5. Anime6. Computer animation: 2D (Flash) & 3D (Maya)

Stop-motion Animation

Real-world objects are physically manipulated andphotographed one frame of film at a time to createthe illusion of movement.

Invented by Georges Melies in the early 20th Cent. purely by accident.

Stop-motion Animation

Different kinds exist: clay & puppet animation, etc.

Stop-motion Animation

Stop motion is often called frame-by-frame animation.

It’s an animation technique that makes static objects appear to move.

The object is moved very small amounts between individual frames, producing the effect of motion when the film is played back.

A Trip to the Moon, Georges Melies, 1902Was the 1st Sci Fi Movie ever made! Incorporated theatrical sets, props and real actors.

One of the Oldest Stop-Motion Films

Contemporary Stop-motion Animation

Coraline, 2009

Stop-motion Animation

In Your Arms, Official Music Video created for Kina Grannis, 2011

22 months1,357 hours30 people2 ladders1 still camera288,000 jelly beans

To find more examples:

Google Video is an excellent source for finding examples of every kind of

stop-motion technique.

Pioneers of the Animation Genre

J. Stuart Blackton (American), Early 20th Cent.- Often considered to be the 1st true animator- Perfected stop-motion & hand-drawn animat.

techniques

Humorous Phases of Funny Faces (Short Anim., 1906)

Hand-Drawn Animation Technique

1) Traditional animation (cel or hand-drawn) – wasused for most films animated in the 20th century.

2) Each frame is

drawn slightly differently from the one before it.

Hand-Drawn Animation Technique

3) Drawings are traced or photocopied onto transparent acetate sheets called cels.

4) The completed character cels are photographed one-by-one onto motion picture film.

Hand-Drawn Animation Technique

Examples of Traditional AnimationHand-drawn:Disney’s Pinocchio (1940), Akira (1988)Animations created with the help of a computer:The Lion King (1994), The Triplets of Bellivelle (2003)

Rotoscoping

1. Was invented in 19172. Animators trace live-action movement, frame by

frame3. The source film can be directly copied from

actors’ outlines into animated drawings.

The artist is drawing on a

transparent easel, onto which

the movie projector at the

right is throwing an image

of a single film frame.

Rotoscoping Examples:

“Charlie Chaplin” by Kyungwha Leehttp://www.allyourdatabasearebelongto.us/2d.php

Charles Schwab commercial

Live-Action & Anime

Live-action is a technique which combines hand-drawn

characters with live action shots. Examples: Who Framed

Roger Rabbit? (USA, 1988) & Osmosis Jones (USA,2002).

Anime is a technique primarily used in Japan. It usually consists of detailed characters but more of a stiff animation.

Examples: Spirited Away (Japan, 2001) and Princess Mononoke.

2D & 3D Animation

2D animationObjects are created and/or edited on the computer

• using 2D bitmap graphics• or 2D vector graphics

3D animation3D models are manipulated by an animator

Techniques can be applied to objects such as mathematical functions (gravity, particle simulations). Examples: Toy Story, Shrek.