STE Revista Estel 081 Primavera 2014

8/18/2019 STE Revista Estel 081 Primavera 2014

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Zcv`stb fg`e`bl dc lb Ufe`cdbd TFLA@CK Cspbòflb

]r`hbvcrb :=24 >2

e2 p K + 2 N t #7 G t P ¡ m W o z Dt %3 P z G h $r # m E o m K m W >2 G m Ñ e S2 p K + m W z p K 2 p7 D7 Gt P ¡ m H3 # 2 È Z9 C m W3 : P: ] G o P V z N7 C5 N3 Z + 2 Gx ] #3 : $>z D3

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Cd`tb? Ufe`cdbd Tfla`ck CspbòflbZcbl`zb? Uh`bl dc ]clbri`r (Ucv`llb)

]rfycetf Brdbrbtnfrk?U`stchb dc Kftbe`õk Brdb

Ck lb CUTCL usbrchfs cl U`stchbdc Kftbe`õk Brdb s`chprc quc kfsscb pfs`jlc. Tc `kv`tbhfs b quc lfefkfzebs, bsè efhf cl ]rfycetf Brdbrbtnfrk,quc efks`stc ck uk bren`vf quc rclbe`fkb,ck `kilàs y ebstcllbkf, lfs `kè`fs y g`kblcsdc ebdb pârrbgf dc lbs pr`ke`pblcs fjrbsdc O.Z.Z. Tfla`ck sfjrc lb T`crrb Hcd`b( Cl Nfjj`t, Cl Ucòfr dc lfs Bk`llfs y ClU`lhbr`ll`fk). ]ucdcs lfebl`zbr y dcsebribrtccl bren`vf ck www.sfe`cdbdtfla`ck.fri

Bljcrtf T`rbdf „Bcilfs‐

D`rcetfr

Dbv`d Hbrt`k „Clcssbr‐Zcspfksbjlc dc scee`fkcs

Zfeèf Ebòcrf „Brwck Skdõh`cl‐@hbick c `lustrbe`õk

Dcl`b Hbrt`k„Kbryb-H`tnrbkd`r‐

Hbquctbe`õk

D`bkb Ublbs „Lfstrci`cl‐Effrd`kbdfrb

Ocssèb Hbrt`k „W`lyb-L`ssc‐Ercbe`õk brtèstèb

Kbk` Enènbrrf „Eclcjkâr‐Lceturb y efrrcee`õk

Zfdrìf Gfktcs„T`kdõhcrckd`l‐Ckil`sn Efrkcr

Ncl`fs Dc Zfsbr`f „@hrbn`l‐Lceturb y efrrcee`õk.

Efktbetf ]fstbl?E/ Ifkzblf J`ljbf :2 :¿J

42==5 UCW@LLB

D`rcee`fkcs dc @ktcrkct? cstclMsfe`cdbdtfla`ck.fri

cstcl`Msfe`cdbdtfla`ck.fri

CUTCLcs ukb pblbjrb àlgèb qucsìk`gèb «cspcrbkzb± y cstbhj`àk cl kfhjrc quc tfhbcstb rcv`stb dcdèbdb bl cstud`fdc lb fjrb dc O.Z.Z. Tfla`ck ckcl sckf dc lb Ufe`cdbd Tfla`ck

Cspbòflb.

Uèiuckfs ck lbs rcdcs sfe`blcs


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Cd`tfr`bl

Kucstrf birbdce`h`cktf bCdè`fkcs H`kftburf pfr subhbjlc d`spfsè`õk b eflbjfrbrefk lb UTC.

CUTCL cs ukb pujlèbe`õk s`kâk`hf dc luerf. K` lb Ufe`cdbdTfla`ck Cspbòflb k` cl cqu`pfcd`tfr sc nbeck rcspfksbjlcsdc lbs fp`k`fkcs cxprcsbdbs

pfr lfs butfrcs dc lbs fjrbsrcefi`dbs ck cstb rcv`stb, k`t`ckck kcecsbr`bhcktc pfr quàefhpbrt`rlbs.

Dcpõs`tf lcibl? J-2=035-07@UUK cdè`õk `hprcsb? 2707-5=30@UUK cdè`õk dì`tbl? 20>0->355

ÈkdècEràd`tfs ....................]frtbdb `ktcr`frCd`tfr`bl ...........................................2Cl Nfhjrc dc lb Lukb ................... :Cstud`bkdf b Tfla`ck .................... 4Kf tbk cxtrbòf efhf kftè`bs dcJrcc ...............................................>Ecjbd`llb Hbktcefkb y ftrfscktrbòbjlcs ifrdfs ........................2=

Ck ]crsfkb? Lfrckb Zfuict«Tbrybwck Cryb± ...........................24Trcs hèk`hbs pfàtèbs pbrb lccr bTfla`ck...........................................23Erõkèb dc lfs ^@@@ Ckeucktrfs efkTfla`ck ck _brbifzb....................20Kftbs sfjrc Lb ebèdb dc Brturf........:2Efh`s`fkcs dc lb UTC ..................:5Hchfr`b dc Bet`v`dbdcs dc lbUfe`cdbd Tfla`ck Cspbòflb.........:>Uu lcibdf brtèstèf .........................5=Lbs rcectbs dc Cstclwck.................5:Tnc Ckil`sn Efrkcr.......................55Lb Ebjbòb dcl Oucif ]crd`df........54Nuhfr y pbsbt`chpfs...................53

@lustrbe`fkcs]frtbdb? Ibkdblg pfr Zbqucl Csp`kfsb(www.rencsp`kfsb.jlfispft.efh.cs)]âis. : y 5? Cl Nfhjrc dc lb Lukb pfrLfrckb Ibreèb (www.lfrckbibre`b.cs)]âis. 3 y 7? Jbkdfjrbs Tua y Tfla`ckpfr Gcrkbkdf Lõpcz «Er`bturb±]âi. 9? Cstud`bkdf b Tfla`ck pfrHìucl Fzfkbs Ircifr` «Hfrwb`tn±www.hìuclfzfkbs.jlfispft.efh.cs]âi. 22? «(...)fkc hfrk`ki lfki bif `ktnc qu`ct fg tnc wfrld, wnck tncrc wbslcss kf`sc bkd hfrc ircck(...)± pfr ]`lbrBljbrrâk Hbyfrbl.]âi. 25? Ecjbd`llb Hbktcefkb pfrCl`sb Hbrèb Uâkencz ]àrcz]bis. 27, 29 y 2>? Huocr, Akìnt&Drbifk y Dfkecllb Clgb ypfr @ikbe`f Lõpcz Ebstcllbkf (www.v`v`ckdfckgbktbs`b.jlfispft.efh.cs)]âis. 20 y :=? Gftfs pfr Hbrèb OcsÿsLbkzuclb «Uclcraâlb±]âis. :> y :0? Gftfs pfr UTC]âis. 5= y 52? Hbddf yFwlbhff pfr O.Z.Z. Tfla`ck]âi. 57? Tnc U`lhbr`ll`fk „Tnc iffd pbrts‐ pfr K`hl`tn

(www.sp`ciclsencrjck.dcv`bktbrt.efh)Efktrbpfrtbdb? Ebrtclcs prch`fsBclgw`kc y Ibkdblg pfr GcrkbkdfLõpcz «Er`bturb±

Cktrc lbs huenbs gfrtblczbs quc pfscc lb Ufe`cdbdTfla`ck Cspbòflb, nby ukb ck pbrtèulbr dc lb quckfs pfdchfs sckt`r tfdfs huy friullfsfs. Uc trbtb dcukb v`rtud (pfdchfs dcg`k`rlb bsè) quc kfs ebrbetcr`zb dcsdckucstrfs frèickcs y kfs d`st`kiuc pfs`t`vbhcktc grcktc b ftrbsbirupbe`fkcs? lb vcrsbt`l`dbd. Kf cs ukb eucst`õk jblbdè. Kfck vbkf, huenbs ckt`dbdcs, pÿjlèbs y pr`vbdbs, `kv`crtckirbkdcs ebkt`dbdcs dc rceursfs pfr bdqu`r`r cstb eubl`dbd.

Nby ukb tcrr`jlc fjscs`õk ck cl hukdf efktchpfrâkcf pfrercbr bl irupf dc trbjbof (f bl chplcbdf) pcrgcetf, quc pucdbnbecr dc tfdf y j`ck1 uk bhjè`fsf fjoct`vf quc, ck huenbsfebs`fkcs, kf sc blebkzb k` pfr bsfhf.

U`k chjbrif, b lb Ufe`cdbd Tfla`ck Cspbòflb obhâs lcnb ncenf gbltb pbibr b ebrès`hfs „efbencs‐ pbrb efksciu`rlf.Kucstrf cxeclcktc hbtcr`bl nuhbkf, tbktf cl prcscktc efhfcl quc yb kf cstâ, nb dcsbrrfllbdf csb ebpbe`dbd dc gfrhb ebs`butfhâtèb efk cl pbsf dcl t`chpf, hcrecd b su `hbi`kbe`õk,su eur`fs`dbd y su tblcktf. P, irbe`bs b cllf, nfy dèb d`sgrutbhfsdc tfdb elbsc dc `kè`bt`vbs ck kucstrb prfp`b ebsb. Skb juckbprucjb dc cstf lb ckefktrbhfs ck kucstrfs trcs ecrtâhckcs

bkublcs, b sbjcr, lfs Ibkdblg, lfs Kìilc y lfs Bclgw`kc. ¶Ru`àkhâs pucdc prcsuh`r dc prfhfvcr lb cser`turb, lbs brtcs (ck ebs`tfdbs sus gbectbs plâstèbs) y cl cksbyf y lb `kvcstìbe`õk jbofukb h`shb jbkdcrb6 ¶P efk lb h`shb kftfr`cdbd ̀ ktcrkbe`fkblquc, pfr cochplf, tuv`crfk lfs Kìilc cl bòf pbsbdf6

P kf sflf kfs nchfs ecktrbdf ck cstfs ebhpfs. Gòbfs, pfruk hfhcktf, ck cl Irch`f dc lfs Jbrdfs Crrbktcs, euyb ÿlt`hbrcuk`õk cstâ rclbtbdb ck lb scee`õk dc lb Efh`s`õk dc Hÿsèby Jb`lcs. ¶Euâktfs bòfs kf llcvbk, g`clhcktc, trbjbobkdf pbrbercbr efhpfsè`fkcs frì`kblcs pbrb lb UTC6 ¶Euâktf t`chpfkf nbk `kvcrt`df pbrb `dcbr vcrs`fkcs dc tfdf t`pf, bliukbshâs scr`bs y ftrbs rcblhcktc d`vcrt`dbs6 ¶Euâktbs kfencs kfnbk bhck`zbdf efk sus `kstruhcktfs6 P kf sflf cllfs, s`kftfdfs lfs sfe`fs dc lb UTC, qu`ckcs tbhj`àk nbk `hbi`kbdfoucifs dc lf hâs vbr`fp`ktfs1 nbk d`scòbdf efrcfirbgèbs tbkd`vcrsbs efhf bk`hbdbs1 nbk `dcbdf rcectbs grbkebhcktcdclè`fsbs, bliukbs dc lbs eublcs yb sc cstâk rcefi`ckdf ckcstbs pâi`kbs…

Csb vcrsbt`l`dbd, quc lfs h`chjrfs dcl Cqu`pf Cd`tfrnchfs qucr`df plbshbr ck cstb, kucstrb rcv`stb, kf cs, ckhfdf bliukf, uk vblfr cxelus`vf dc lb UTC1 pcrf, s`k luibr bdudbs, cstâ huy prcscktc ck ebdb bet`v`dbd, ck ebdb hcrctn,ck ebdb cvcktf quc fribk`zbhfs. ¡Nbstb lfs hâs pcqucòfst`ckck ebj`db efk lfs biuocrfs nfjj`t quc vbk prfl`gcrbkdfdcsdc nbec ukfs bòfs! ¶Ru`àk pucdc fgrcecr befktce`h`cktfs

quc pucdbk d`sgrutbr k`òfs y bdultfs pfr ̀ iubl6 ¶Ru`àk pucdcibrbkt`zbr scs`fkcs dc scsudf dcjbtc f lceturb, bl h`shft`chpf quc efke`crtfs (f husèblcs), tbllcrcs, efhjbtcs fdbkzbs6

Cstb r`quczb eulturbl cs uk irbk (btr)bet`vf dc kucstrbbsfe`be`õk, y nby quc sciu`r eu`dâkdflf ck lfs bòfs vck`dcrfs.Cs uk butàktèf luof dcl quc d`sgrutbhfs ebdb bòf ck lbUTC y dcjchfs hbktckcrlf, eucstc lf quc eucstc. Bsè qucbprfvcenchfs lbs gcenbs quc kfs llcibk pbrb p`ktbr csc eubdrfy prcscktbrlf ck lfs Kìilc1 lccr sfjrc csc bsuktf sfjrc lb fjrbf lb v`db dc Tfla`ck quc tbktf kfs `ktcrcsbjb y dcdèbrlc ukbslèkcbs b lfs Bclgw`kc1 bg`lbr kucstrb prfsb c `hbi`kbr kucvfsrclbtfs quc ckebkd`lck ck lfs Ibkdblg1 efhpfkcr bqucllbebke`õk quc rfkdb kucstrb hcktc dcsdc nbec hcscs1 dcdèbrukbs nfrbs ck kucstrbs efe`kbs b prcpbrbr iu`sf dc efkcof efkpbtbtbs1 f, s`hplchcktc, rcuk`rkfs pbrb ercbr, ercbr y ercbr. Ptrbjbobr ouktfs pfr Tfla`ck y lb UTC h`cktrbs hbktckibhfs lb`ksp`rbe`õk ck kucstrbs grfktcrbs.

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pfr Bljcrtf T`rbdf Ebstrf «Bcilfs±pfr Bljcrtf T`rbdf Ebstrf «Bcilfs±

Dcsdc lucif, ¡hckudb ebjczb lb hèb! Bkdbjb tbk d`strbèdf efktchplbkdfvucstrf plbkctb, tbktf sus efsbsjuckbs efhf lbs hblbs, quc sc hc nbjèbflv`dbdf pfr efhplctf dcdèbrfs ukbs lèkcbscstc bòf. ¡By, quà dcsp`stbdf sfy! U`k dudbbliukb, lb cdbd kf kfs pcrdfkb b k`kiukf… Bukquc cs huy gâe`l quc sc hc flv`dck bliukfsdc h`s hckcstcrcs efk tbktf cvcktf efhfv`sluhjrf dcsdc h` hfrbdb. ¡P sfk tfdfs tbk`ktcrcsbktcs! @kelusf lfs quc, b s`hplc v`stb,pbrceck hâs nuh`ldcs, efhf lbs rcuk`fkcs dclsh`bl dc Ycll`kitfk (Kucvb _clbkdb). Elbrfquc cllfs lf t`ckck huy gâe`l? kf dudbk, ebdbvcz quc t`ckck febs`õk, ck v`s`tbr lfs cxtcr`frcsdc lbs pclèeulbs, quc t`ckck b t`rf dc p`cdrb,f cl huscf Yctb Ebvc, dfkdc sc pucdckefktchplbr fjoctfs, h`k`bturbs, hbquctbs yuk s`kgèk hâs dc brt`lui`fs dc dènbs e`ktbs.¡Hckudb sucrtc!

P csf, prce`sbhcktc, nè`crfk b lf lbrifdc uk hcs dc gcjrcrf ck cl quc yb sc ebldcbjbcl bhj`cktc pbrb eclcjrbr cl Dèb hukd`bl dclccr b Tfla`ck. Bukquc dcjf bdh`t`r quc,bktcs dc llcibr bl :3 dc hbrzf, cl gfef dcbtcke`õk tfla`ck`bkf guc hâs bebdàhèf qucl`tcrbr`f. ]fr cochplf, ck Cstbdfs Sk`dfs,lb Sk`vcrs`dbd dc lb @ilcs`b Jbpt`stb dcEnbhpbìk (@ll`kf`s) fribk`zõ cl 2 dc gcjrcrfukb ofrkbdb dc efkgcrcke`bs rcplctb dc tchbs`ktcrcsbktcs, efhf lb gìurb dc Ibkdblg efhflèdcr f lb gbectb dc prfgcsfr dc O.Z.Z. Tfla`ck.H`cktrbs tbktf, uk pfef hâs bl sur, ck Hàxèf,efhckzbjb ukb kucvb cdè`õk dc lfs eursfsdc quckyb dc lb Ufe`cdbd Tfla`ck bztceb cksu ebp`tbl, ukb `kè`bt`vb g`lflõièb quc llcvb`hpulsbkdf dcsdc nbec yb vbr`fs bòfs.

Hâs lÿdèbs gucrfk lbs d`gcrcktcs bet`v`dbdcsquc rcbl`zbrfk lfs sfe`fs dc lb UT dc Bustr`b. B efh`ckzfs dc cstc bòf, lfs ecktrfcurfpcfseclcjrbrfk su trbdè`fkbl rcuk`õk dc lbEbjbòb dcl Oucif ]crd`df, dfkdc lbs r`sbs,lbs lceturbs, lfs oucifs y lbs dciustbe`fkcs

gucrfk lbs pr`ke`pblcs prftbifk`stbs. P, ybck hbyf, lb bsfe`be`õk eclcjrõ ck cl ebst`llfZ`cdcii su pfpulbr G`cstb dc lb ]r`hbvcrb,lb Hcrctn Ctnu`l. Ck cllb, sus h`chjrfs c`kv`tbdfs d`sgrutbrfk dc eubtrf ofrkbdbs dc lfhâs d`vcrt`dbs, efk tbllcrcs dc t`rf efk brefy p`rfirbjbdf, scs`fkcs l`tcrbr`bs, efhjbtcsb cspbdb, ebtbs, oucifs, ukb g`cstb nfjj`t efkhult`tud dc v`tubllbs… Tbhj`àk d`sgrutbrfkhuenf lfs dc lb UT dc En`lc dc su cxeurs`õkb Cl Tfyf, efk sus ncrhfsfs pbrbocs, tbkpbrce`dfs b lfs dc lb T`crrb Hcd`b.

Uè, dcseu`dbd, kf hc flv`df dc lb eclcjrbe`õkdcl Dèb Tfla`ck. Bukquc, s` fs sfy s`kecrf, kf sàhuy j`ck pfr dõkdc chpczbr b rclbtbrfs. ¡Nbytbktf quc efktbr! Uupfkif quc lf hâs lõièfcs quc sìb uk frdck erfkflõièf y efh`ckecpfr Bustrbl`b, pbès quc nfhckbocõ lb fjrb dcTfla`ck uk pfef bktcs dc lf cstbjlce`df, cl ::dc hbrzf. Jbsâkdfsc ck cl tchb prfpucstf pfrlb Tfla`ck Ufe`cty, lb Cspcrbkzb, lfs bhbktcsdcl ]rfgcsfr dc bqucl pbès sc efkircibrfk ckJr`sjbkc pbrb llcvbr b ebjf sus lceturbs. Efi`õcl tcstìf, yb cl :3, lb UT dc Irce`b, lcyàkdfscck Btckbs cl bpàkdèc dc Brbifrk y Brwck yrcglcx`fkâkdfsc sfjrc cl pbpcl dc lb cspcrbkzbck lb n`stfr`b dc lb T`crrb Hcd`b.

Ck L`tubk`b, pfr su pbrtc, kf sflf sc nbjlõ ylcyõ b Tfla`ck, s`kf quc, bdchâs, sc prfgukd`zõck lb `kglucke`b hcd`tcrrâkcb ck lb v`db y fjrb

dcl butfr `kilàs (uk tchb dcl quc, sciÿk ercf,sc nb cser`tf pfr Cspbòb nbec j`ck pfef). Uusvce`kfs dc ]flfk`b, pfr ftrf lbdf, rcercbrfklb dcstruee`õk dcl Bk`llf ßkèf ck Erbefv`b1h`cktrbs quc lfs cslfvbefs llcvbrfk b ebjf ukblceturb dfjlc, pr`hcrf ck lb pcqucòb lfebl`dbddc Jbksaâ Jystrèb1 y, yb pfr lb kfenc, ckJrbt`slbvb, su ebp`tbl. P, pfsbkdf h` h`rbdbsfjrc Cslfvck`b, hc ckefktrà b lfs sfe`fs dcI`l-Iblbd, kfhjrc dc su UT, fribk`zbkdf ukefkeursf dc rclbtfs l`tcrbr`fs `ksp`rbdfs ck lbcspcrbkzb y Tfla`ck, efkecd`àkdfsc uk prch`fbl ibkbdfr.

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Ebs` sbl`ckdf dc Curfpb, Grbke`b l`dcrõ blb efhuk`dbd `ktcrkbe`fkbl grbkefpbrlbktc ckcstc Dèb hukd`bl dc lccr b Tfla`ck, efk cvcktfsfribk`zbdfs ck Tfulfusc, L`llc, ]brès c `kelusfRuàjce (Ebkbdâ). Bs`h`shf, lb bsfe`be`õkgrbkecsb Tfla`ckdr`h pusf ck hbrenb ukbpbrtèulbr `kè`bt`vb, ck lb quc pcrsfkbs dcd`st`ktfs r`kefkcs dcl pbès iblf pfsbrfk ckgftfirbgèbs efk sus l`jrfs tfla`ck`bkfs y susfjoctfs dc eflcee`õk `ksp`rbdfs ck su fjrb.Lbs hcofrcs `kstbktâkcbs gfrhbrfk pbrtcdc uk âljuh v`rtubl quc sc pucdc efksultbrb trbvàs dc Gbecjffa. P, dbdf quc nchfsnbjlbdf dc Ebkbdâ, vb s`ckdf nfrb dc eruzbrcl enbref y d`rì`rkfs b Cstbdfs Sk`dfs, clpbès efk hâs e`tbs dc tfdf cl ilfjf. Kf ckvbkf, sc lcyõ b Tfla`ck ck Kucvb Pfra (bquè,pfr e`crtf, sc cstbrâk cxn`j`ckdf lfs d`juofsfrì`kblcs dc Tfla`ck pbrb Cl Nfjj`t nbstb cl24 dc scpt`chjrc), Enèbif (dfkdc sc rcbl`zõukb eflcetb pbrb k`òfs efk d`sebpbe`dbd),Dckvcr, Bljuqucrquc (ck lb Sk`vcrs`dbd dcKucvf Hàxèf, pbrb hâs scòbs), ]nfck`x fLfs Âkiclcs, cktrc ftrbs eùdbdcs.

]fdrèb ukf pcksbr quc, efk tbktb lceturb,lfs bgè`fkbdfs b Tfla`ck fs tfhbrèb`s ukpcqucòf dcsebksf, ¶vcrdbd6 ¡]ucs ck hfdf

bliukf! ]fr cochplf, ck Cstbdfs Sk`dfs,nujf hâs efkgcrcke`bs ck Wcrhfkt (nbstb 2:enbrlbs sfjrc lb prfduee`õk dc Tfla`ck ck lbukdàe`hb cdè`õk dc cstbs pfkcke`bs ck lbeùdbd kfrtcbhcrèbkb), lb Ycstcrk HènìbkSk`vcrs`ty y Enèbif (quc befi`õ lfs Tfla`ckUtud`cs, efk trcs hcsbs rcdfkdbs y eubtrf dccstud`f sfjrc bsuktfs d`vcrsfs rclbe`fkbdfsefk lb T`crrb Hcd`b). Lb Sk`vcrs`dbd dc Ockb,ck Blchbk`b, tbhj`àk sc suhõ b cstb efrr`cktcy fribk`zõ, b pr`ke`p`fs dc hbyf, ukbs ofrkbdbssfjrc lb kbturblczb ck lb fjrb dc Tfla`ck.

Kf fjstbktc, ck Blchbk`b cl hbyfr cvcktf„tfla`ckd`l`‐ pfr cxeclcke`b guc, s`k dudbbliukb, lb Nfjj`tefk eclcjrbdb ck bjr`l ckJfkk. P hc dbrà`s lb rbzõk kbdb hâs vcr cll`stbdf dc `kv`tbdfs `lustrcs b cstc cvcktf?Zènbrd Tbylfr, gukdbdfr dc Yctb wfrasnfp1Zfyd Tfla`ck, j`sk`ctf dcl butfr1 y ebs` tfdfslfs betfrcs quc `ktcrprctbk b lb eubdr`llb dcckbkfs ck lb tr`lfièb dc Cl Nfjj`t, b sbjcr, OcdJrfpny (Kfr`), Irbnbh HeTbv`sn (Dwbl`k),Y`ll`bh A`rencr (J`gur), Bdbh Jrfwk (Fr`),]ctcr Nbhjlctfk (Ilõ`k), Utcpnck Nuktcr(Jfhjur), Ack Utftt (Jbl`k), Dcbk F‐Ifrhbk(G`l`), Hbra Nbdlfw (Dfr`) y Ofnk Ebllck (Õ`k). B sus efkgcrcke`bs y/f hcsbs rcdfkdbs nbjèbquc uk`rlc, bdchâs, tbllcrcs dc hbkubl`dbdcs`hpbrt`dfs pfr cl prfp`f Zènbrd Tbylfr,bsè efhf dc jb`lc, efrf y cser`turb dc iu`fke`kchbtfirâgèf1 efkeursfs dc d`sgrbecs yefke`crtfs husèblcs1 prfycee`fkcs ( Lb ebzb dcIflluh, cl efrtf pbrõdèf Cl prfjlchb dc lfs bk`llfs, g`lhbdf ck Zus`b)1 scs`fkcs dc gftfs ybutõirbgfs…

P tbhj`àk sc lf pbsbrfk ck irbkdc ckL`tubk`b, y s`k kcecs`dbd dc efktbr efkeclcjr`dbdcs. Cl ncenf dc gcstcobr su ukdàe`hfeuhplcbòfs guc sugè`cktc pbrb quc csc g`k dc

schbkb dcl 22 bl 25 dc bjr`l rcsultbsc dc lfhâs chfe`fkbktc, rcplctf dc oucifs, ebke`fkcsy efke`crtfs, enbrlbs, lceturbs… Sk prfirbhbcxeclcktc, quc b juck sciurf trbtbrâk dcìublbr durbktc su trbdè`fkbl bebhpbdbvcrbk`cib, bsè efhf sus vce`kfs dc Jr`, lb UTdc Uuce`b, quc blebkzb ck vcrbkf su hbyfrèbdc cdbd. ]crf csf yb cs ftrb n`stfr`b y fs lbefktbrà dcktrf dc huy pfef. ¡Cstbd btcktfs!

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Dcsdc nbec bòfs lfs cstud`fs sfjrclb v`db y fjrb dc O.Z.Z.Tfla`ck nbkerce`df ck kÿhcrf, cspce`blhcktc ckcl ÿlt`hf dceck`f. Dcsdc lb pujlèbe`õk dc ClUcòfr dc lfs Bk`llfs, fjrb hbdurb y pr`ke`pbldc Tfla`ck, lfs cstud`fs sfjrc sus cser`tfs ypfstcr`frhcktc su v`db nbk prfpfre`fkbdfukb v`s`õk huy ecrebkb y prâetèbhcktcefhplctb sfjrc cstc butfr. Lfs cksbyfspr`ke`pblcs sc nbk ecktrbdf ck cl bspcetf

hâs `hpfrtbktc dcl butfr, prfgcsfr ck lbSk`vcrs`dbd dc Lccds y dc Lckiub y L`tcrbturb@kilcsb ck cl Hcrtfk Efllcic dc Fxgfrd? lbg`lflfièb QEbrpcktcr 2099X. @kelusf ck bliukbsuk`vcrs`dbdcs, Tfla`ck sc bjfrdb efhf eursfefhplchcktbr`f ckhbrebdf ck lb l`tcrbturbhfdcrkb, rcsbltbkdf lb `kglucke`b l`tcrbr`bouktf b lfs efctâkcfs @kal`kis, lfs bspcetfsg`lfsõgèfs y, lõièbhcktc, lfs g`lflõièfs QDcZfsbr`f :==:X.

Kf fjstbktc, efk lb llcibdb dc lbs pclèeulbs

dcl d`rcetfr ]ctcr Obeasfk cktrc :==2 y:==5, lbs cd`tfr`blcs quc pujlèbk cstud`fstbkicke`blcs sfjrc cl butfr, f rcsÿhckcsscke`llfs dc sus bspcetfs hâs gukdbhcktblcs,nbk buhcktbdf ck kÿhcrf yckdf hâs bllâ dclf nbj`tubl ck uk butfr euybs fjrbs gucrfkpujlèbdbs hcd`f sìlf bktcs. Ck cl ÿlt`hfdceck`f kf nbk buhcktbdf lfs cser`tfs dcTfla`ck quc oust`g`quck cstc jffh cd`tfr`bl,yb quc lbs pr`ke`pblcs fjrbs bebdàhèbs ygbktâstèbs gucrfk cd`tbdbs bktcs. P cs quc lbsÿlt`hbs fjrbs dc Tfla`ck pujlèbdbs lf nbk s`df

prce`sbhcktc b rbèz dc cstc jffh tfla`ck`bkf (kf b lb `kvcrsb), y sfk vcrs`fkcs hâs f hckfsefhplctbs dc fjrbs yb rcefp`lbdbs y pujlèbdbs,f trbjbofs cser`tfs efk g`kcs bebdàhèfs ydfecktcs, f `kelusf, sc pfdrèb dce`r b vcecs,pfr cl prfp`f cktrctck`h`cktf dcl butfr. Fjrbs`ktcrcsbktcs pcrf `kdudbjlchcktc hckfrcs yquc d`gèe` lhcktc nbjrèbk v`stf lb luz s` cl butfrkf cstuv`crb betublhcktc “dc hfdb‘.

Efhÿk dckfh`kbdfr dc cstfs cstud`fs quc`kukdbk bnfrb lbs cstbktcrèbs cs su gòbe`õk

ck cl bspcetf l`tcrbr`f ìkfrbkdf sus trbjbofsbebdàhèfs efhf pucdck scr lbs trbduee`fkcs....rcplctbs dc bkftbe`fkcs y belbrbe`fkcs?... Bkerckc Y`sc, Cxfdus, U`r Ibwb`k f Jcfwulg

f lfs cksbyfs y d`seursfs (rcefp`lbdfs ck Lfs Hfkstrufs y lfs Erètèfs) quc trbtbk tchbsefhplcofs.

Lbhcktbjlchcktc, huenfs dc cstfskucvfs cksbyfs kf bpfrtbk kbdb kfvcdfsf blefkfe`h`cktf sfjrc Tfla`ck y su pujlèbe`õkrcspfkdc hâs b lb dchbkdb dcl hcrebdfcd`tfr`bl quc b lb kcecs`dbd dc ukb kucvbv`s`õk. Huenfs cksbyfs sfk sõlf d`vulibt`vfs

f rcp`tck tchbs yb huy efkfe`dfs. Ck ftrfshuenfs ebsfs lb cspce`bl`zbe`õk cxbicrbdb, clcxecsf dc cktus`bshf, f lb kcecs`dbd dc bòbd`rblif kucvf b uk ebhpf yb huy trbjbobdf nbecquc ebìbk ck cl crrfr dc bsìkbr b Tfla`ckhâs vblfr l`tcrbr`f dcl quc lc efrrcspfkdc,dcsbrrfllbr cxtrbpflbe`fkcs kf oust`gèbdbs,bsfe`br su fjrb efk ftrbs efk huy csebsbscv`dcke`bs dc quc cstbs s`rv`crbk dc gucktc f`ksp`rbe`õk QEbrtbs ::0X, f efktbh`kbr efk`dcbs pcrsfkblcs y prfycetbr su efkfe`h`cktfpbrb pfkcrlfs ck jfeb dc Tfla`ck, crrfr

efhÿk quc tbhj`àk efhcktb Un`ppcy ck lb`ktrfduee`õk dc Zffts bkd Jrbkencs QUn`ppcy:==9X.

Tbhj`àk sc nb prfdue`df ck t`chpfsrce`cktcs ukb hult`plèbe`õk dc eursfs ysch`kbr`fs uk`vcrs`tbr`fs sfjrc Tfla`ck,bukquc ck ickcrbl sfk jrcvcs y dc efktck`df`ktrfduetfr`f Q2X. Bs`h`shf, ck huenbsfebs`fkcs, dbdf su ebrâetcr cspce`bl`zbdfy fptbt`vf, su efrtb durbe`õk y su gbltb dcefkt`ku`dbd, cs d`gèe`l dctcrh`kbr eublcs

sc dcjck b uk hbyfr `ktcràs rcbl f ukbprfgukd`zbe`õk ck cl cstud`f dc Tfla`ck ckeèreulfs bebdàhèfs, y eublcs rcblhcktc sfk ukprfycetf pcrsfkbl dc uk prfgcsfr bgè`fkbdf bsu fjrb.

Ck kucstrb fp`k`õk cl àx`tf dc O.Z.Z.Tfla`cksc jbsb ck trcs bspcetfs gukdbhcktblcs, dfs dclfs eublcs sfk rcblhcktc `hpfrtbktcs, bukquclbs grfktcrbs b vcecs cstàk d`gusbs? Tfla`ck efhfcser`tfr l`tcrbr`f, efhf g`lõlfif y efhf ercbdfrdc uk hukdf gbktâstèf frì`kbl y dctbllbdf

(bukquc kf nbstb lfs cxtrchfs dc vcrfs`h`l`tudquc b vcecs lc btr`ju`hfs), lf quc pfdchfsefks`dcrbr cl gfkdf dcefrbt`vf dc su fjrb. B lf lbrif dc cstc y guturfs brtèeulfs `rchfsdcsbrrfllbkdf kucstrbs `dcbs b cstc rcspcetf, bsèefhf lb ̀ hpfrtbke`b pbrb cl sfe`f dc lb Ufe`cdbd

Cstud`bkdf b Tfla`ck.Dfhèkiucz Ebò`zbrcs I., Obquct` Gustcr G., Kfectc Biu`lbr H.

Uh`bl dc Kÿhckfr ― Ufe`cdbd Tfla`ck Cspbòflb(kuhckfrMsfe`cdbdtfla`ck.fri)

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Tfla`ck Cspbòflb (UTC) dc scr ebpbz dc

d`secrk`r elbrbhcktc quà bspcetfs hcr`tfr`fsdc Tfla`ck nbk dc rcsbltbrsc y hcrceck scrcstud`bdfs. Nchfs fjscrvbdf quc cx`stc irbkdcsefkfe`h`cktf sfjrc cl butfr quc db kfhjrcb kucstrb bsfe`be`õk bsè efhf uk dcs`ktcràsickcrbl pfr bprckdcr lf quc cs rcblhcktc vbl`fsf?dcstbebr lfs bspcetfs l`tcrbr`fs y g`lflõièfssfjrc cl gfkdf dcefrbt`vf.

Trbs lb ]r`hcrb Iucrrb Hukd`bl, Tfla`ckpbrtè`põ ck cl dcsbrrfllf dcl `hpfrtbktcFxgfrd Ckil`sn Dèt`fkbry dfkdc n`zf usf

dc su prfgukdf efkfe`h`cktf dcl `kilàsbktìuf pbrb `kelu`r ck cl dèe`fkbr`f pblbjrbsbktìubs, rceupcrbkdf bsè su vblfr QI`ll`vcr:==7X. Cs pfs`jlc bg`rhbr quc Tfla`ck guc ukg`lõlfif rcefkfe`df ck su ebhpf y quc susefktr`jue`fkcs b lb G`lflfièb gucrfk pfebs pcrf`hpfrtbktcs. Dcsdc 20:= nbstb su rct`rf ck2030 sc dcdèõ b lb v`db bebdàhèb (lckiub yl`tcrbturb `kilcsb, trbduee`fkcs y pfchbs) bsèefhf sus tbrcbs dfecktcs. U`k chjbrif, su fjrbck lb l`tcrbturb gbktâstèb y cl `ktcràs quc b rbèzdcl àx`tf dc àstb sc suse`tõ pfr su v`db pcrsfkbl,

nbk cel`psbdf bliukfs dc bqucllfs bspcetfs. Uuvbstf efkfe`h`cktf dc lbs lckiubs icrhâkèbsqucdõ kftfr`bhcktc `hjrèbdf ck su fjrbgukdbhcktbl, Cl Ucòfr dc lfs Bk`llfs, lb eubljbof ukb õptèb g`lflõièb cs prfgukdb, jbof ukbõptèb l`tcrbr`b cs `ktcrcsbktc y jbof ukb õptèbdcefrbt`vb cs v`rtublhcktc ̀ kbjbrebjlc.

Efks`dcrchfs cl pr`hcr bspcetf, cl g`lflõièf?

dcsdc nbec bòfs, dcktrf y gucrb dc lb UTC, yefk `kdcpckdcke`b dc hfdbs e`kchbtfirâgèbs,sc nbk `df pujlèbkdf cstud`fs efk cxeclcktcsrcsultbdfs quc efkg`rhbk lb prfgukd`dbdl`kiüèstèb dcl butfr y sus vbstfs efkfe`h`cktfsQUn`ppcy :==5, Dc Zfsbr`f :==5, ]bseubl :=2=X.

Cl sciukdf bspcetf, lb l`tcrbturb, nb s`dfhâs cstud`bdf ck lfs ÿlt`hfs bòfs b rbèz dclkucvf `ktcràs ck cl butfr. Kf fjstbktc, lfsplbkcs dc cstud`f efks`dcrbk b Tfla`ck uk butfrefhplchcktbr`f, ckhbrebdf ck cl irupf dc

`ktclcetublcs @kal`kis, quc s`rvc sfjrc tfdf dccxeclcktc ncrrbh`cktb y pucrtb pbrb bdcktrbrscck lb l`tcrbturb bkilfsbofkb y lb àpèb ncrfèb, lbsujercbe`õk y lb tcfrèb dcl H`tf y cl trbtbh`cktfdc vblfrcs uk`vcrsblcs. QHârqucz :==4, Uciurb:=2=X. Efks`dcrbhfs quc ck cstc bspcetf lb`hpfrtbke`b dc Tfla`ck cs rclbt`vb dcktrf dclpbkfrbhb ickcrbl dc lb l`tcrbturb `kilcsb dclsìlf ^^, y quc sus v`rtudcs l`tcrbr`bs efhfbutfr kf lc nbeck hcrcecdfr rcbl dcl supcrlbt`vf`ktcràs suse`tbdf ck lfs ÿlt`hfs bòfs. Uõlf lbpcrspcet`vb dc lfs bòfs dbrâ ukb v`s`õk hâs

prce`sb dc lb `hpfrtbke`b dc Tfla`ck ck lbn`stfr`b dc lb l`tcrbturb. Dce`hfs “Tfla`ck efhfbutfr l`tcrbr`f‘, s`k efkerctbr hâs, pucs cs d`gèe`lebl`gèbr dc kfvcl`stb b uk butfr efk dfs kfvclbspujlèbdbs.

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@kelusf bòbd`ckdf lb prfduee`õk l`tcrbr`b ybebdàhèb ck ftrfs iàkcrfs (eucktf, pfcsèb) sufjrb kf cs cxtcksb y lfs dfeuhcktfs pujlèbdfspõstuhbhcktc nbk dc scr cvblubdfs dc ftrbhbkcrb. Ck cl iàkcrf efkerctf dc lb l`tcrbturbgbktâstèb dc lfs sìlfs ^^ y ^^@ Tfla`ck

cs uk p`lbr gukdbhcktbl, bukquc qu`zâs lbsebusbs sc dcjck sfjrc tfdf b su pfdcrfsf gfkdfdcefrbt`vf.

]fr ÿlt`hf, irbk pbrtc dcl àx`tf dc Tfla`ck,quc kfsftrfs kf efks`dcrbhfs dc `hpfrtbke`befhf fjoctf dc cstud`f, cs prce`sbhcktc cstcgfkdf dcefrbt`vf. Uus vbstfs c `hbi`kbt`vfshukdfs cstâk plbibdfs dc dctbllcs, lb sflvcke`befk lb quc dftb b pcrsfkbocs, rc`kfs y fjoctfsdc prfgukd`dbd n`stõrèb y eulturbl b trbvàsdc lckiubs, blgbjctfs, kfhjrcs, ebke`fkcs,

lcyckdbs, hbpbs c `ktcrrclbe`fkcs dftbk b suercbe`õk dc ukb eflfsbl gucrzb y btrbet`vf qucnb ncenf hcllb ck kucstrb eulturb hfdcrkbnbstb cl puktf dc rcgfrhulbr bspcetfs dc lbgbktbsèb, tbktf ck lb l`tcrbturb efhf ck ftrfsiàkcrfs, efhf cl e`kc QI`kàs :==:X. Cl àx`tf dcTfla`ck, irbe`bs b su h`kue`fsf y vbstf trbjbof,cs hcr`tfr`f y dc irbk vblfr brtèstèf pcrf clefktck`df dc cstc hukdf gbktâstèf ebrcec dcvblfr bebdàhèf ck sè, ck tbktf ck eubktf cs ukbdcefrbe`õk pbrb hbyfrcs prctcks`fkcs l`tcrbr`bsy g`lflõièbs QEbrtb 252X. Lfs hÿlt`plcs `ktcktfs

dc cstud`fs dc lb `ktrbn`stfr`b f `ktrbeulturbdc lfs hukdfs ercbdfs pfr Tfla`ck kf t`ckckvbl`dcz bebdàhèb, y sõlf nbk dc scr cktckd`dfsy d`sgrutbdfs efhf uk cktrctck`h`cktf qucpucdc scrv`r b ukb hcofr efhprcks`õk dcbspcetfs hâs prfgukdfs dc Tfla`ck, y efhfpucrtb bl bprckd`zboc y d`vulibe`õk dc ftrbs

rbhbs dcl efkfe`h`cktf (lfs h`shfs butfrcs dccstc brtèeulf nbk dcdèbdf huenbs nfrbs b cstcsbkf d`vcrt`hcktf lf lbrif dc lb n`stfr`b dc lbUTC ck gfrhb dc efkgcrcke`bs, brtèeulfs, oucifs,brtcs plâstèbs, cte.).

Bdè`fkblhcktc, cl cstud`f dcl butfr llcvb`kncrcktc cl cstud`f dc su v`db, bukquc nb dcnbecrsc efk lb efks`dcrbjlc pcrspcet`vb, bspcetfquc kf sc eu`db lf sugè`cktc. Zce`cktchcktc,cksbyfs kbe`dfs ck cl sckf dc lb UTC QGrèbs:==0, Gcrrâkdcz :=22X brrfobk luz sfjrc dctbllcs`ktcrcsbktcs y efhplchcktbr`fs dc lb v`db dcTfla`ck quc pucdck byudbr bl cktckd`h`cktfdc sus fjrbs l`tcrbr`bs. Cl cstud`f dc lb v`db dcTfla`ck cs tbkicke`bl b lfs trcs bspcetfs jâsèfsdcl àx`tf dc Tfla`ck, pcrf ercchfs quc supfkcuk sfpfrtc bdè`fkbl y kukeb uk briuhcktf

sfjrc cl quc bpfybr cxelus`vbhcktc uk cstud`fl`tcrbr`f f g`lflõièf. Bs`h`shf, lfs cxtrchfs,dcsirbe`bdbhcktc huy grceucktcs, dc lb`dcbl`zbe`õk dc bspcetfs dc su v`db c `dcbs dbdblb bdh`rbe`õk pfr su fjrb, f lb bsìkbe`õk b cstbfjrb dc sìk`gèbdfs f `kelusf dc ukb pfsè`õkck cl ebkfk l`tcrbr`f b rbèz dc clchcktfs dc lbserccke`bs rclì`fsbs f pflètèbs dcl butfr Q]cbrec2000X, sc dcjck cv`tbr pbrb uk efrrcetf cstud`fdc Tfla`ck.

Ck guturfs cksbyfs bkbl`zbrchfs lfs

cstud`fs ecktrbdfs ck lb v`db dc Tfla`ck qucpucdc efhctcr crrfrcs dc pcrecpe`õk dcj`dfsqu`zâs b uk csebsf dcscf ck bplèbr ukb erètèbefkstruet`vb y rcglcx`fkbdb. Bkbl`zbrchfstbhj`àk lfs bspcetfs l`tcrbr`fs y, ck hckfrhcd`db lfs g`lflõièfs, yb quc cstb rbhb cstâhuy j`ck rcprcscktbdb ck lb UTC.

Cstud`bkdf b Tfla`ck Dfhèkiucz Ebò`zbrcs I., Obquct` Gustcr G., Kfectc Biu`lbr H.

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Zcgcrcke`bs?QEbrtbs ::0X Ebrpcktcr, Lcttcrs fg O.Z.Z. Tfla`ck. Ebrtb ::0(ckv`bdb ck 2072)? ]fr cochplf, lb efhpbrbe`õk dcl Bk`llfßkèf efk hÿlt`plcs bk`llfs dc lb h`tflfièb y lb l`tcrbturb,sfjrc lb efhpbrbe`õk dcl Bk`llf ßkèf efk cl K`jclukickl`cdy Ybikcr, quc s`chprc hflcstõ b Tfla`ck dòf “Jftn r`kiswcrc rfukd bkd tncrc tnc rcschjlbkec ecbscd‘.QEbrtbs 252X Ebrtb 252 ckv`bdb ck 2032.QEbrtbs :=5X Ebrtb :=5 ckv`bdb ck 2039.

QDc Zfsbr`f :==:X Dc Zfsbr`f, Ncl`fs. CUTCL 53 (:==:)UTC. “Cstud`br b Tfla`ck‘QDc Zfsbr`f :==5X Dc Zfsbr`f, Ncl`fs (:==5) Kflhá :, UTC.“Lb lckiub dc Zfnbk‘QEbrpcktcr 2099X Ebrpcktcr, Nuhpnrcy (2099). Tfla`ck?

B J`firbpny. Zcv. bkd Cxpbkdcd cd. Kcw Pfra? Jbllbkt`kcJffasQGcrrâkdcz :=22X Gcrrâkdcz Jru, O.H. Tfla`ck Utud`cs Wfl.>(:=22) pp. 32-73QGrèbs :==0X Grèbs Uâkencz, Gcrkbkdf (:==0) Ibkbdfr W@]rch`fs Çlgw`kc, UTC. “Uu`zb ck lb fjrb dc OZZ Tfla`ck? lbcxpcr`cke`b dc 2022.‘

QI`ll`vcr :==7X I`ll`vcr, ]ctcr1 Ocrchy Hbrsnbll bkd CdhukdYc`kcr (:==7). Tnc Z`ki fg Yfrds? Tfla`ck bkd tnc FCD.FS]

QI`kàs :==:X I`kàs, ]bjlf. CUTCL 57 (:==:) UTC. “Tfla`ck,Nfhcrf dcl Uìlf ^^.‘QHârqucz :==4X Hârqucz, Ebrlfs. Ebstbllb, Cstclefk, UTC(:==4) “Lfs Wblfrcs ck lb fjrb dc Tfla`ck‘.Q]bseubl :=2=X ]bseubl, Zbgbcl O. (:=2=) CUTCL 79, UTC.“Ir`hfr`f g`lflõièf pbrb lcetfrcs dc Cl Ucòfr dc lfs Bk`llfs‘Q]cbrec 2000X ]ucdck ckefktrbrsc cochplfs dc cstf ck bliukfdc lfs cksbyfs rcefp`lbdfs ck “Ucòfr dc lb T`crrb Hcd`b‘

]cbrec, Ofscpn (cd.) (2000)QUciurb :=2=X “Wcrjuh y H`tfpfc`b‘, ]rch`f Beeàs`t, W@@]rch`fs Çlgw`kc :=2=QUn`ppcy :==9X Un`ppcy, Tfh. (:==9) Ockb? Ybla`ki Trcc]ujl`sncrs, Efrhbrá Ucr`cs kf. 22. Zffts bkd JrbkencsQUn`ppcy :==5X Un`ppcy, Tfh (:==5). Jfstfk? NfuintfkH`ggl`k. Tnc Zfbd tf H`ddlc-Cbrtn * * *Q2X Ck nttp?//www.tfla`ck-stud`cs.efh/tfla`ck-elbsscs/ scpucdc ckefktrbr uk bhpl`f l`stbdf dc eursfs uk`vcrs`tbr`fssfjrc Tfla`ck, efk ukb prcvblcke`b dc uk`vcrs`dbdcsCstbdfuk`dckscs. Cl l`stbdf cstâ `kefhplctf bl kfhcke`fkbrsc lfs eursfs effribk`zbdfs pfr lb UTC ck lb

Sk`vcrs`dbd ]fhpcu ` Gbjrb y lb Sk`vcrs`dbd dc Irbkbdb,qu`zâs pfr su kf pcr`fdè`dbd.

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Lb UTC sc vucleb efk cl Dèb Tfla`ck

Efhf cs yb trbdè`fkbl ebdb :3dc hbrzf, lfs sfe`fs y s`hpbt`zbktcs

dc lb Ufe`cdbd Tfla`ck Cspbòflb sc rcuk`crfkpbrb nfhckbocbr lb fjrb dcl ]rfgcsfr durbktccl Dèb Hukd`bl dc lccr b Tfla`ck. H`cktrbsquc cl sh`bl dc Anbzbd-dñh bprfvcenbjb lbcgchàr`dc pbrb `kbuiurbr efk ukb lceturb lbdce`hftcrecrb cdè`õk dc sus Ckeucktrfs (dclquc pfdà`s lccr ukb erõkèb efhplctb ck cstckÿhcrf), Tfl Crcssáb (Hbllfreb), Lb E`àkbibdc lfs Hucrtfs (Hbdr`d) f ]clbri`r (Ucv`llb),bsè efhf dceckbs dc sfe`fs ck sus rcspcet`vfsnfibrcs, sc efkircibjbk pbrb dcdèbr lbofrkbdb b rcpbsbr bliukfs dc lfs pbsbocshâs chfe`fkbktcs dc lb vbstb prfduee`õkl`tcrbr`b dcl butfr jr`tâkèf. @kelusf cl sh`bldc Cdncllfkd gfhcktõ lb pbrtè`pbe`õk bet`vbb trbvàs dc lbs rcdcs sfe`blcs, prfhct`ckdf, dcebrb b su hcrctn pr`hbvcrbl, “puktfs cxtrb‘ bsu guturf “bluhkbdf‘ s` ut`l`zbjb cl „nbsntbi‐ercbdf pfr lb UTC pbrb prfhfe`fkbr cstccvcktf.

Tckiwbr, ibstrfkfhèb y hâs ck Lõr`ckCstc :=24 nb efhckzbdf efk

huenb bet`v`dbd pbrb cl sh`bl dc Lõr`ck.Bdchâs dc lbs e`tbs nbj`tublcs dc ebdb bòf (cl5 dc ckcrf, cl Dèb Hukd`bl dc lccr b Tfla`ck),lb dclcibe`õk ebtblbkb nb llcvbdf b ebjf ftrbscr`c dc bet`v`dbdcs dc lf hâs vbr`fp`ktb.]brb chpczbr, cl pbsbdf :: dc gcjrcrf, ckcl ecktrf efhcre`bl Hbtbs ` Zbh`s dc Nfrtb

(Jbreclfkb), sus sfe`fs pus`crfk ck hbrenb,efk jbstbktc àx`tf dc pÿjlèf, uk tbllcr dccser`turb ck tckiwbr efhplctbhcktc irbtu`tf,ck cl quc sus bs`stcktcs pud`crfk bprckdcr

cstb eblìrbgèb y pfkcrlb ck prâetèb. Cl 0 dchbrzf, Lõr`ck sc dcsplbzõ nbstb lb lfebl`dbddc Ebhjr`ls (Tbrrbifkb) pbrb d`sgrutbrdc ukb ebléftbdb, ukb g`cstb ibstrõkfhèbtèpèb dc Ebtbluòb. P, yb ck hbyf, bs`st`crfk,cl pbsbdf dfh`kif 2>, b lbs ofrkbdbs dcpucrtbs bj`crtbs dcl tcbtrf dc õpcrb dcl Lècf(Jbreclfkb), dfkdc gucrfk tcstìfs dc ukb`ktcrcsbktc efkgcrcke`b quc vcrsõ sfjrc lbss`h`l`tudcs cktrc O.Z.Z. Tfla`ck y Zènbrd

Ybikcr, b ebrif dcl pcr`fd`stb y cser`tfrUcjbst`í Zfì ` Ebsbh`tobkb.

Àx`tf tftbl dc lb W@ Hcrctn@tn`lcdncllfkdDurbktc cl pr`hcr g`k dc schbkb

dc hbyf (dèbs :, 5 y 4), lfs sfe`fs dcl sh`bl dcCdncllfkd bibsbobrfk b sus huenfs v`s`tbktcsck cl bljcriuc dc tur`shf rurbl BET@F(Bljfrbenc, Wblcke`b) durbktc lb eclcjrbe`õkdc su W@ Hcrctn @tn`lcdncllfkd, lb G`cstbdc lb Lukb dc Cdncllfkd. @ksp`rbdb ck clbhj`cktc bebdàhèf dc Fxgfrd, lb dclcibe`õkvblcke`bkb dc lb UTC prcpbrõ ukbs ofrkbdbsrcplctbs dc bet`v`dbdcs y, sfjrc tfdf, jucknuhfr. Dc cstb gfrhb, lfs bs`stcktcs b cstccvcktf d`sgrutbrfk dc tbllcrcs dc jftâkèb,l`tcrbturb efhpbrbdb, jb`lcs y t`rf efk bref1lceturbs dc eucktfs1 ukb efkgcrcke`b dc Ebrlfs«Bldbkd`l± sfjrc Tfla`ck y E.U. Lcw`s1 ukbenbrlb dc Ucri`f «Jbldfr± sfjrc cl frìck dcliàkcrf gbktâstèf1 uk efke`crtf dcl irupf@kkcrlbkds1 uk biuocrf nfjj`t pbrb lfs hâspcqucòfs1 y uk s`kgèk hâs dc btrbee`fkcs qucnè`crfk quc bqucl g`k dc schbkb gucsc, efhfs`chprc, cspce`bl pbrb tfdfs bqucllfs qucpud`crfk becrebrsc b lbs t`crrbs dc Cdncllfkd.


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Efkvfebdfs lfs ]rch`fs Bclgw`kc:=24Lb Ufe`cdbd Tfla`ck Cspbòflb,

efk cl fjoct`vf dc prfhfvcr y gfhcktbrcl efkfe`h`cktf y cstud`f dc lb v`db yfjrb dc O.Z.Z. Tfla`ck, nb efkvfebdf lfs]rch`fs Çlgw`kc :=24 dc cksbyf. Lfstrbjbofs, quc dcjcrâk prcscktbrsc bktcs dcl2 dc fetujrc dcl prcscktc bòf, pfdrâk cstbrcser`tfs ck cspbòfl f ck `kilàs, dcjcrâkscr `kàd`tfs y efktbrâk efk ukb cxtcks`õkhèk`hb dc 2=.=== pblbjrbs. Bs`h`shf,ebdb pbrtè`pbktc pfdrâ ckv`br eubktfscksbyfs dcscc jbof uk h`shf scudõk`hf,bukquc sõlf pfdrâ fptbr b uk prch`f. Ckcstc sckt`df, cl ourbdf (efhpucstf pfr Oubk

Ofsà Uâcz Zfdrèiucz, Ofsu Iõhcz ]àrcz,Hbrèb Ocsÿs Lbkzuclb Ifkzâlcz y GcrkbkdfLõpcz Byclf) ftfribrâ dfs rcefkfe`h`cktfs,b sbjcr, uk pr`hcr prch`f dftbdf efk 23=curfs y uk sciukdf efks`stcktc ck ukbsuser`pe`õk irbtu`tb b lb UTC durbktc ukbòf. ]brb hâs `kgfrhbe`õk, sc pucdckefksultbr lbs jbscs ck lb pâi`kb wcj dc lbUfe`cdbd Tfla`ck Cspbòflb.

Ofrkbdbs Tfla`ck ck ZussbgbLb dclcibe`õk lfebl dc lb UTCck Wblcke`b, cl sh`bl dc Cdncllfkd,

fribk`zõ cktrc lfs dèbs :5 y :9 dc ouk`fukb schbkb tchâtèb sfjrc Tfla`ck. Cl

cvcktf tuvf luibr ck cl ecktrf hukè`pbl dcouvcktud Zussbgb, ck Wblcke`b. B lf lbrifdc csfs eubtrf dèbs, sc pus`crfk ck hbrenbtfdf t`pf dc bet`v`dbdcs, dcsdc prfycee`fkcs(d`sgrutâkdfsc dc lfs efrtfhctrbocs Jfrk fg

Nfpc y Tnc nukt fg Iflluh, uk dfeuhcktblsfjrc Tfla`ck y uk efrtf jbsbdf ck lb`lustrbe`fkcs dcl brt`stb Lu`s Ibks) nbstbefkgcrcke`bs (prcscktbe`õk dc lbs ofrkbdbsibstrfkõhèbs ck tfrkf b Tfla`ck y lb T`crrbhcd`b1 uk rcpbsf b lb l`tcrbturb gbktâstèbquc prcecd`õ b Tfla`ck1 ftrb sfjrc su v`db

y cl prfecsf ercbt`vf dc sus fjrbs1 y ukrcefrr`df sfjrc lb bh`stbd cktrc Tfla`ck yLcw`s y lb `kglucke`b hutub quc tuv`crfk ck

sus fjrbs), pbsbkdf pfr oucifs, cxpfsè`fkcsy tbllcrcs dc hbkubl`dbdcs pbrb lfs hâspcqucòfs (hâsebrbs dc drbiõk, gìurbs efkhbtcr`blcs rceèlbdfs…).

Cdubrdf Uciurb, ck lb Sk`vcrs`dbddc I`rfkbCl pbsbdf hbrtcs 22 dc gcjrcrf

kucstrf sfe`f Cdubrdf Uciurb, prfgcsfrck lb SIZ (Sk`vcrs`dbd dc Irbkbdb) ck cldcpbrtbhcktf dc G`lflfièb @kilcsb y Blchâk,guc `kv`tbdf pfr lb Sk`vcrs`dbd dc I`rfkb b`hpbrt`r ukb efkgcrcke`b ck sus Uch`kbr`fsdc N`stfr`b dcl Dcrcenf. Uciurb (qu`ckpbrtè`pbrèb hâs bdclbktc, ouktf b OfsàIõhcz «Clcdcr±, ck cl efkircsf ̀ ktcrkbe`fkbl

L`tcrbturb gbktâstèb? rcercbe`õk y rcbl`shf,dc lb Sk`vcrs`dbd ECS Ubk ]bjlf) ckebkd`lõb lb bud`cke`b efkircibdb ck cl bulbsch`kbr`b dc lb gbeultbd dc Dcrcenf efk su

pfkcke`b t`tulbdb «Efkecptf dc pfdcr, lbkfe`õk dc lcy y trbd`t`f ck lb h`tflfièb dcTfla`ck±.

Kfvcdbdcs l`tcrbr`bs ck tfrkf bTfla`ckLfs bhbktcs dc lb gìurb dc

O.Z.Z. Tfla`ck nbk v`stf, ck cstfs ÿlt`hfshcscs, eõhf lfs tètulfs rclbe`fkbdfs efk cl]rfgcsfr y su fjrb efkt`kÿbk prfl`gcrbkdf.Dc cstc hfdf, cl pbsbdf hcs dc hbrzf, lb

Cstbtc g`rhõ efk Nbrpcr Efll`ks lb ecs`õkdc lfs dcrcenfs pbrb lb pujlèbe`õk, pfrpr`hcrb vcz, dc Jcfwulg? B Trbkslbt`fk

bkd Efhhcktbry, cstf cs, lb trbduee`õk dclpfchb àpèf bkilfsboõk rcbl`zbdf pfr clbutfr jr`tâkèf. Cl l`jrf, pujlèbdf ck ̀ kilàscl pbsbdf :: dc hbyf, llcibrâ b kucstrf pbèsdc lb hbkf dc H`kftburf. Bs`h`shf, ybcstâ ck ebstcllbkf Tfla`ck y lb Irbk Iucrrb,dc Ofnk Ibrtn, efks`dcrbdf cl hcofr tcxtfj`firâgèf nbstb lb gcenb sfjrc cl ercbdfr dclb T`crrb Hcd`b y dfkdc sc prfgukd`zb ck su

ctbpb efhf sfldbdf ck lb @ Iucrrb Hukd`bl,efkglètf quc lc hbreõ dce`s`vbhcktc.


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2=

Ecjbd`llb Hbktcefkb y ftrfscktrbòbjlcs ifrdfs.

]btrè`b Dèbz Ubktfs«Gábhbr`cl±

Nbeèb t`chpf quc hc `jb rfkdbkdflb `dcb ck lb ebjczb, qu`zâs pfrdcgfrhbe`õk prfgcs`fkbl, dccser`j`r sfjrc lfs Ifrdfs quc bpbrceck ck Cl Ucòfr dc lfs Bk`llfs. ]crf hc pbrceèb quccrb tfebr uk tchb, quc kf crb pflètèbhcktcefrrcetf, y kf hc bebjbjb dc dce`d`r.

Bl nbjlbrlf efk h`s bhìfs, dceèbk quc crbukb eucst`õk `ktcrcsbktc y quc bliukfs sfhfs“ifrdfs trbks`tfr`fs‘, cs dce`r, quc vbhfsnbe`b cl sfjrcpcsf f quc kfs nchfs l`jrbdfdc àl.

Bdchâs, hc efkg`rhõ ck lb `dcb dc trbtbrcl tchb, cl cktcrbrhc dc quc lb cser`tfrb jclib Bhàl`c Kftnfhj, cser`j`õ ukb kfvclb cklb quc nbjlb dc lb fjcs`dbd y ck lb quc dècquc «cs uk cstbdf dc dcsfjcd`cke`b e`v`l y dc bet`v`shf pflètèf±. Bukquc tbhj`àk pfdrèb

scr, s`hplchcktc, lf quc d`rèb cl gbhfsfcseultfr y p`ktfr Gcrkbkdf Jftcrf, rcblzbr lbgucrzb dc ukb `ktcrprctbe`õk dc vfluhctrèbcxbltbdb, cs dce`r, dbr cspce`bl prftbifk`shfbl vfluhck, s`k hâs vblfrbe`fkcs.

Cstfs briuhcktfs hc pbrceèbk quc lcdbjbk ftrb “v`s`õk‘ b cstc bsuktf y pcksà qucpfdèbhfs dbr rclcvbke`b b cstfs pcrsfkbocsefk sfjrcpcsf, dc Cl Ucòfr dc lfs Bk`llfs.

]fr ftrf lbdf, sc trbtb cl bsuktf s`k cktrbr

ck er`tcr`fs d`ctàtèfs, k` cstàtèfs quc kfv`ckck bl ebsf. Llbhf lb btcke`õk sfjrc cllfs,pfr lb ef`ke`dcke`b y lb pceul`br`dbd dc quc,s`hplchcktc, sfk ifrdfs.

ECJBD@LLB HBKTCEFKB, cl sbibzpfsbdcrf.

Ecjbd`llb Hbktcefkb crb cl ducòf dclb pfsbdb dc “]fkcy ]`sbdfr‘ ujèbdb b lbsbgucrbs dc Lb Efhbreb, ck Jrcc. Bukquc sukfhjrc kfs sui`crc c `dckt`gèb e`crtf pcrg`lgèsèf, cstc sc kfs quc efkg`rhb eubkdf? « Grfdf bjrèb lb hbrenb y ebs` sc llcvõ pfr dclbktc b uk....nfhjrc jbof, ifrdf, eblvf y dc ebrb rfob.

Tckèb pucstf uk dclbktbl jlbkef, c `jb dc ukb pucrtb b ftrb llcvbkdf ukb jbkdcob dc obrrfsllckfs nbstb cl jfrdc±. P su fjcs`dbd kf scdcjc b lb gbltb dc bet`v`dbd, yb quc efhf clh`shf dèc? «Cstfy s`chprc efrr`ckdf dc uklbdf b ftrf, pcrf kf bdclibzf±.

Ftrf dc lfs rbsifs ebrbetcrèstèfs dc

Ecjbd`llb cs su hblb hchfr`b, `kelusfTrbkefs llcib b dce`r «sflf tc beucrdbs dc tukfhjrc pfrquc tc llbhbk lfs el`cktcs b ebdbrbtf±. ]crf cstf pbrcec scr quc sc dcjc bsus cxecs`vfs qucnbecrcs efhf cl h`shf lfrcefkfec? «-J`ck, ¶quà `jb b dce`rlcs6 -dòfcl scòfr Hbktcefkb, iflpcâkdfsc lb grcktc efklbs puktbs dc lfs dcdfs-. Sk elbvf sbeb b ftrf,efhf sc dèc. Cstfy tbk feupbdf cstb kfencquc lb ebjczb hc db vucltbs.±

]crf b pcsbr dc cstbs l`h`tbe`fkcs? «Ubjcs dc

vcrbs huy pfef s` erccs quc cl v`cof Ecjbd`llbcs cstÿp`df —dòf Ibkdblg—. Cs jbstbktc sbibz ck su prfp`f tcrrckf. ]`cksb hckfs dclf quc nbjlb y hâs lcktbhcktc1 s`k chjbrif pucdc vcr b trbvàs dc ukb pbrcd dc lbdr`llfs(efhf dèck ck Jrcc).±

Bsè quc cl juckf dc Ecjbd`llb cs uk t`pfpcrspèbz, biudf c ̀ hbi`kbt`vf. Bdchâs rce`jceblurfsbhcktc b lfs nfjj`ts eubkdf vuclvckb ebsb dcspuàs dc lb Iucrrb dcl Bk`llf. Plcs blcrtb dc lbs er`bturbs hblvbdbs y dc lfs

cstrbifs quc nbk llcvbdf b ebjf Ubruhbk ysus nucstcs, pbrb quc bsè pfkibk ck hbrenb clsbkcbh`cktf dc Lb Efhbreb.

IFZDF JFLICZ, cl bhìf vbl`cktc dcGrfdf.

Grcdcibr Jflicr bpfdbdf Ifrdf Jflicr,dcj`df b su sfjrcpcsf, crb uk Nfjj`t nòf dcFdfvbebr Jflicr y Zfsbhukdb Tua, qu`cksc ebsõ efk Cstcllb, ncrhbkb dc Hcr`bdfeJrbkdìbhf.

Lc ukèb ukb irbk bh`stbd efk Grfdf, tbktf csbsè, quc byudõ ck lb hudbkzb b Erèbvb efhf scrcefic ck cl sìu`cktc pârrbgf?


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14/40

2:

lbhcktbrfk lfs dchâs. Kbdb pfdchfs nbecr.

¡Tfktcrèbs! dòf Tnfr`k, rcefjrbkdf sudìk`dbd, Kf pfdchfs bjbkdfkbrlfs. Cktrbd, scòfr Jflsõk y Jblèk, y vfsftrfs dfs, Gèl` y A`l`1 cl drbiõk kf kfs btrbpbrâ b tfdfs. Bnfrbvfsftrfs, lfs dchâs, ¶dõkdc cstâk lbs eucrdbs6¡Dc pr`sb!

Nbstb quc… Brr`jb llciõ Jfhjurrcsfplbkdf y s`k bl`cktf h`cktrbs lbs eucrdbseruoèbk, y bÿk tfdf sciuèb ck eblhb. Brr`jbllcibrfk ncrrbh`cktbs y gbrdfs efk prfv`s`fkcs, y cktfkecs ukb bhckbzb sc ecrk`õ sfjrc cllfs.Uc fyõ uk zuhj`df en`rr`bktc. Skb luz rfo`zbtfeõ lbs ercstbs dc lbs rfebs. Cl drbiõk sc

becrebjb. ]crf lcs d`f t`chpf b csefkdcrsc y sflf lfs enbhuseõ±.

Ck cl v`boc ck cl jbrr`l dcsdc Lbs ebvcrkbsdcl rcy Tnrbkdu`l b Csibrftn, bl ̀ r tbk bprctbdfdcj`df b su vfluhck, guc ukf dc lfs Ckbkfsquc bl rcsebtbrlfs kf pfdèb k` nbjlbr, Jfhjur,cktrbjb ck cl irupf dc «lfs quc dcschjblbrfk y byudbrfk b blebkzbr lb fr`llb, y bllè lfsdcobrfk, scktbdfs f tuhjbdfs, qucoâkdfsc y iruòckdf. Cstbjbk tbk dflfr`dfs, cktuhce`dfs y chpbpbdfs quc bpckbs s` blebkzbjbk b

dbrsc eucktb dc quc lfs nbjèbk l`jcrbdf fdc quc nbjèb, rbzfkcs pbrb quc sc hfstrbrbk birbdce`dfs±.

Lb ÿlt`hbs kftè`bs quc tckchfs dc Jfhjursfk ck Z`vckdcll, eubkdf Ilfèk lc eucktb bGrfdf quc «crb bnfrb tbk ifrdf quc kf pfdèbtrbslbdbrsc pfr sus prfp`fs hcd`fs dc lb ebhb b lb hcsb, y sc kcecs`tbjbk sc`s oõvckcs ckbkfs pbrb lcvbktbrlf±.

Cs prcfeupbktc lb fjcs`dbd hõrj`db dc

Jfhjur, bukquc qu`zâ pbrb uk ckbkf dcHfr`b, kf scb tbk irbvc. U` bdchâs, t`ckcs lbsfl`dbr`dbd dc sc`s oõvckcs y rfjustfs ckbkfs,quc tc byudbk b trbslbdbrtc.

GFZLFKI CL IFZDF, nàrfc dc lbJbtbllb dc lfs ebhpfs dc ]clckkfr.

Gfrlfki, bpfdbdf Cl ifrdf, dcj`df b quccrb «uk nfhjrc bkenf dc cspbldbs y ckfrhcdc efktfrkf± crb uk ifkdfr`bkf, Ucòfr dcLfssbrkben. Cktrc sus v`rtudcs cstâ lb dc scr uk

vbl`cktc cktrbdf ck bòfs, efk irbk vìfr pbrbsu cdbd, sc pucdc dce`r quc crb uk ebjbllcrf....dc rbzb, efhf kfs `kgfrhbk ck cl sìu`cktc

pârrbgf? «bukquc v`cof y jbrjèbkf, vcstèb ukbeftb dc hbllb, usbjb uk yclhf kcirf, y llcvbjbukb lbkzb lbrib y pcsbdb±.

Tbhj`àk tckèb uk efrbzõk lcbl y crb ukbhìf g`cl, ck Lfssbrkben guc dfkdc befi`crfkb lb hbyfrèb dc huocrcs y k`òfs dc H`kbsT`r`tn, durbktc lb iucrrb dcl Bk`llf.

B lb Jbtbllb dc lfs Ebhpfs dcl ]clckkfr,llciõ efk :== nfhjrcs, huenfs crbk irbkocrfs,pcrf crbk huy d`cstrfs ck cl hbkcof dcl nbenbefk dfs hbkfs? «Trbs àl hbrenbjb, friullfsb,ukb pflvfr`cktb ebrbvbkb dc nfhjrcs brhbdfs y btbv`bdfs, quc chpuòbjbk irbkdcs nbenbs dcefhjbtc1 crbk g`crfs dc rfstrf, y hâs jbofs y

uk pfef hâs ckdr`kfs quc tfdfs lfs quc ]`pp`knbjèb v`stf ck Iõkdfr.

¡Gfrlfki! lf belbhbjb lb hult`tud--.¡Efrbzõk lcbl, bhìf g`cl! ¡Gfrlfki!±

Efkduof efk brrfof b sus trfpbs ck lbJbtbllb dc lfs Ebhpfs dc ]clckkfr, dfkdcpcrd`õ su v`db b hbkfs dc lfs Nfhjrcs dclCstc. Crb cl 23 dc hbrzf dcl 5=20.

Gfrlfki hâs quc ifrdf, p`cksf quc dcjèb scr

uk nfhjrc dc irbk ckvcribdurb, gucrtc. Efkuk irbk efrbzõk, befrdc efk sus d`hcks`fkcsy efk su efrboc.

GZCEB, nfhjrc dc Zfnbk dc pclf fseurfy sbkirc ebl`cktc.

Grceb crb uk nfhjrc rèf, prfjbjlchcktcdcseckd`cktc dcl rcy Gràbw`kc. Crb dc frìckrfn`r y duklckd`kf y dc «e`kturb bkenb± efkbhjè`fkcs dc chpbrcktbr efk cl rcy dc Nclh,yb quc efk cstc hft`vf pbrt`õ b Àdfrbs, pucs

qucrèb quc su nòf Yulg sc ebsbrb efk lb nòbdcl rcy, pcrf eubkdf lc p`d`õ lb hbkf dc sunòb, Nclh dòf? «Tc nbs vucltf irbkdc dcsdclb ÿlt`hb vcz quc cstuv`stc bquè1 pcrf cs ebs`tfdf irbsb, hc pbrcec. P lfs nfhjrcs r`crfk bl fèrlf, pfrquc Grceb crb bkenf dc e`kturb±. P bktc cl prfvfebdfr Nclh, b Grceb sc lcebl`cktbk lfs âk`hfs y dcspuàs dc `ksultbrbl rcy bebjõ dè`ckdf? «Lfs rcycs v`cofs qucrcenbzbk cl jbstõk quc sc lcs fgrcec suclck ebcrdc rfd`llbs±. ]fr lf quc bl g`kbl dcl ckeucktrfdòf cl rcy? «Grceb, tu lfeurb nb erce`df ouktfefk tu v`cktrc. ¡Nbjlbs dc jbstfkcs! U` b Nclhlc d`siustb uk jbstõk rctfre`df quc brrfobkefktrb àl, f rfhpc. ¡Bsè! P lc bscstõ b Grceb uk iflpc tbl efk cl puòf, quc àstc ebyõ dc cspbldbs s`k sckt`df, y bl pfef t`chpf hur`õ±.

Ecjbd`llb Hbktcefkb y ftrfs cktrbòbjlcs ifrdfs ]btrè`b Dèbz Ubktfs «Gábhbr`cl±


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25

Grceb kf supf dfh`kbr su friullf y tr`stchcktclc efstõ lb v`db, yb quc kf sbjèb quc Nclh crb…Hbkf dc N`crrf.

IFZDF TCZZFK@LLF, cl pfkcy dc TfhJfhjbd`l

Ifrdf Tcrrfk`llf crb cl pfkcy dc Tfh Jfhjbd`ly crb «cl hâs irbkdc, gucrtc, ifrdf (y v`cof) quclfs pfkcys dc lfs nfjj`ts± crb dc irbk pcsf pcrfâi`l, yb quc efhf dòf Tfh Jfhjbd`l «H` bhìfeubdrÿpcdf1 bukquc lf hfktf pfef, bkdb l`jrc pfr lbs lfhbs y b vcecs sc vb lcofs±.

Irbe`bs b quc lfs pfkcys dc lfs nfjj`ts sc nè`crfkbhìfs dc Tcrrfk`llf, bl nu`r dcl pclìrf ck lbsRucjrbdbs dc lfs Tÿhulfs y jusebr b su bhìf cl

pfkcy Tfh Jfhjbd`l pudf sblvbr b lfs nfjj`tsdc lfs Tuhulbr`fs.

P bsè ebktbjb Tfh Jfhjbd`l lbs eubl`dbdcs dcsu ncrhfsf pfkcy «¡Cn, bnfrb! ¡Wck, bnfrb! ¶]frdõkdc vbs bnfrb6¶Brr`jb, bjbof, ecreb, lcofs, bquè, bllè, f hâs bllâ6

¡Frcob-G`kb, Kbr`z-Biudb, Eflb-W`vb y Zfe`kf,h` bhìf Hcd`bs Jlbkebs, h` Ifrdf Tcrrfk`llf!±

Kf sà s` cstâk tfdfs lfs quc sfk, pcrf sè qucsfk tfdf lfs quc cstâk, y kf dcob dc pbrcecrhcd`vcrt`df quc Tfla`ck rcsbltc cstb ebrbetcrèstèb,ck ukfs eubktfs pcrsfkbocs, ck cstfs cktrbòbjlcsifrdfs.

Ecjbd`llb Hbktcefkb y ftrfs cktrbòbjlcs ifrdfs ]btrè`b Dèbz Ubktfs «Gïbhbr`cl±


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Ck ]crsfkb? Lfrckb Zfuict «Tbrybwck Cryb±

— ¶Eõhf tfhbstc efktbetf efk lb fjrb dcTfla`ck6 ¶P efk lb UTC6

— Sk efhpbòcrf dc elbsc hc dcoõ Cl Ucòfr dc lfs Bk`llfs ck uk ÿkèf vfluhck. Dcsdccktfkecs nbk pbsbdf hâs dc := bòfs. Crb lbpr`hcrb vcz quc lcèb blif dc Tfla`ck y hc gbse`kõsu hbcstrèb pbrb ercbr lb T`crrb Hcd`b y tfdf lfquc lc rfdcb.

— ¶P efk lb UTC6 ¶Ruà tc bk`hõ b bpuktbrtc6

— Nbec 7 bòfs, ukf dc h`s hcofrcs bhìfs,«Bzbkulj`zbr± (]bef Jfrrbz), sc n`zf sfe`f dclsh`bl dc Anbzbd-Dñh y hc `jb efktbkdf lf quc

nbeèbk. Lb vcrdbd cs quc sfkbjb huy j`ck, pcrf,kf sà pfr quà, nbstb cl bòf pbsbdf kf hc becrquàb cseuenbr ukb dc sus enbrlbs. Guc efk hft`vf dclfs ^@@ Ckeucktrfs efk Tfla`ck y hc ckebktõ,tbktf lf quc efktbjbk efhf cl juck bhj`cktcquc nbjèb. Bsè quc cktrc scpt`chjrc y fetujrc dc:=25 beudè b h` pr`hcrb rcuk`õk fgè`bl dcl sh`bl.Cktrà cl h`shf dèb quc «Trfr Ubkdnclh± (Dbk`clJ`clsb) y, pfef dcspuàs, sc `kefrpfrbrfk «Kb`rb@tn`lnbrk± (Bkdrcb ]blbe`fs) y «]brhbr`cl±(@rckc Jcrjcrbkb). Bdchâs, dcsdc quc nbjèbcktrbdf «Bzbz± kf nbjèb nbj`df kucvfs sfe`fs.

Dcsdc cl pr`ke`p`f kfs nè`crfk sckt`r efhf s`llcvârbhfs tfdb lb v`db ck cl irupf.

—¶Euâl guc cl pr`hcr cvcktf bl quc bs`st`stc6

— Fgè`blhcktc, lfs ^@@@ Ckeucktrfs efkTfla`ck1 y, cxtrbfgè`blhcktc, lfs ̂ @@ Ckeucktrfsefk Tfla`ck, bukquc pbrb hè ebdb rcuk`õk, ebdbqucdbdb... ¡Cs tfdf uk cvcktf!

—¶]fr quà csefi`stc tu pscudõk`hf6

— Hc byudõ huenf «Uclcraâlb± (Hbrèb OcsÿsLbkzuclb), lb prcs`dcktb dcl sh`bl dc Anbzbd-Dñh. Jusebjb uk kfhjrc efk cl quc sckt`rhc`dckt`gèbdb y, b lb vcz, quc hc sfkbsc j`ck.Uìu`ckdf sus efkscofs y usbkdf cl l`jrf Lblckiub dc lfs clgfs dc Lu`s Ifkzblcz Jb`xbul`ckefktrà b «Tbrybwck Cryb±, f hâs j`ck, àl hcckefktrõ b hè

—¶Euâl nb s`df cl hfhcktf hâs cspce`bl quc nbs v`v`df ck lb UTC6

— Lfs ^@@@ Ckeucktrfs efk Tfla`ck nbk s`dfhuy, huy cspce`blcs? efkfeè ck pcrsfkb bh`chjrfs dcl sh`bl quc bÿk kf nbjèb v`stf,bsè efhf b sfe`fs dcl sh`bl dc H`tnlfkd. ]crf

s` tckif quc clci`r uk hfhcktf, hc qucdbrà efklb lceturb dcl Dèb hukd`bl dc lccr b Tfla`ck.

—¶Euâl cs tu pbsboc gbvfr`tf dc lb fjrb dcTfla`ck6

— Nbstb nbec uk hcs, nuj`crb dènf bliukfdc Cl Ucòfr dc lfs Bk`llfs1 pcrf dcsdc lb lceturb, lctckif uk cspce`bl ebr`òf b Ci`d`f, cl irbkocrf dc

Nbh, pucs guc cl quc csefiè pbrb lccr, befkscobdbtbhj`àk pfr «Uclcraâlb±. Efkerctbhcktc lb pbrtcck lb quc Ci`d`f sfrprckdc bl drbiõk gucrb dc sueucvb y lc fjlìb b euhpl`r su prfhcsb.

—¶Ruà tc sui`crck lbs sìu`cktcs pblbjrbs6

• OZZ Tfla`ck? Cl UCÒFZ dc lb Gbktbsèb..

•Tclpcr`fk? Bÿk kf hc nc lcèdf cl U`lhbr`ll`fk y hc gbltb huenf pfr bprckdcr efk rcspcetf b lbcxtcksès`hb fjrb dc Tfla`ck1 pcrf oustbhcktclb schbkb pbsbdb «Uclcraâlb± kfs nbjlõ dcTclpcr`fk y Lburcl`k, lfs Dfs Ârjflcs dc Wbl`kfr.Hc sui`crc hbocstufs`dbd.

•

Jbyb dc Frf? Sk ckìhb.• Kckyb? Ctcrk`dbd.

• Srulõaá? Gucif.24


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23

Trcs hèk`hbs pfàtèbs pbrb lccr b Tfla`ckHcdbrdf Lbkdfk Hbzb Ducòbs

@

Uìk`gèbe`õk? lbs csp`rblcs pfàtèbs

Bliukb vcz bliu`ck lc prciuktõ b Tfla`ckdc quà trbtbjb Cl Ucòfr dc lfs Bk`llfs, yquc s` kf crb ukb blcifrèb sfjrc lb iucrrbefktrb N`tlcr ck cl cstc, y cl Bk`llf ßkèf lbjfhjb btõhèb. P Tfla`ck rcspfkd`õ quc sufjrb crb uk csgucrzf pbrb ercbr ukb s`tube`õk cklb quc uk sbludf efrd`bl gucrb clck sèlb lÿhckk‐fhckt`clvf (ukb cstrcllb jr`llb ck lb nfrb dckucstrf ckeucktrf).

¶Dc quà sc trbtb cktfkecs Cl Ucòfr dc lfs Bk`llfs6 Bliukfs bpuktbk quc sfjrc lb luenbctcrkb cktrc cl j`ck y cl hbl f sfjrc cl bsecksfdc lfs dàj`lcs… ¶Trbtb dc csf lb fjrb6 ¶f sfjrclb efhpbs`õk y lb rcdcke`õk6 ¶f cs ukb prfelbhbceflõièb bdv`rt`ckdf lfs pclìrfs dc lb tcekflfièb`kefkse`cktc6 ¶f ukb dchbkdb efktrb lfstftbl`tbr`shfs6 ¶f ukb pfkdcrbe`õk b lb tflcrbke`bcktrc lfs d`vcrsfs6 ¶b lb rcst`tue`õk dc lfsdcrcenfs dc lbs h`kfrèbs6 ¶f sfjrc lb efrrupe`õkdcl pfdcr y lb ultcr`fr bvbrè`b nuhbkb6 ¶f ukebktf hclbkeõlèf b lb kbturblczb6...

Ru`zâ, pcrf kf sflbhcktc y kf kcecsbr`bhcktc.Ck ftrb febs`õk, Tfla`ck, befsbdf pfr cstbprciuktb, rcspfkd`õ quc s` dc blif sc trbtbjbsu fjrb, crb sfjrc lb hucrtc y lb pàrd`db. Ckeublqu`cr ebsf, sc rcs`stèb b lb `ktcrprctbe`õkuk`lbtcrbl dc lbs blcifrèbs, tbl efhf uk dèb dòf?

Hc d`siustb efrd`blhcktc lb blcifrèb ck tfdbs sushbk`gcstbe`fkcs, y s`chprc nb s`df bsè dcsdc qucerceè lf sugè`cktc y hc nèc lf jbstbktc bvczbdfpbrb dctcetbr su prcscke`b (…). ]rcg`crf lb n`stfr`b,vcrdbdcrb f gètè`b, efk su vbr`bdb bplèbj`l`dbd

bl pcksbh`cktf y b lb cxpcr`cke`b dc lfs lcetfrcs.Ercf quc huenfs efkgukdck “bplèbj`l`dbd‘ efk“blcifrèb‘1 pcrf lb ukb rcs`dc ck lb l`jcrtbd dcllcetfr, h`cktrbs quc lb ftrb lf nbec lb dfh`kbe`õk`ktcke`fkbdb dcl butfr.2

Bsè pucs, h`cktrbs quc lb blcifrèb prfpfkcukb sflb `ktcrprctbe`õk y nbec “usf‘ dcl rclbtfefhf vcnèeulf dc su “hcksboc‘, lb bplèbj`l`dbdck ebhj`f, cs lb pfs`j`l`dbd bj`crtb dc quc cllcetfr ckeucktrc lf quc sus rcgcrcktcs dcscck,pcrh`t`àkdflc cktrbr ck efktbetf efk ukb fjrb

efhplcob. Skb fjrb ebpbz dc efktckcr d`st`ktbslceturbs y ebpbz dc sìk`gèbdf, kf sõlf pbrb uklcetfr “ftrf‘, s`kf pbrb lcetfrcs dc ukb àpfeb uftrb, tbl efhf lf rcg`crc @tblf Eblv`kf?

Lb kfvclb? ukb fjrb kbrrbt`vb ut`l`zbjlc ysìk`gèbktc ck lfs d`st`ktfs plbkfs quc sc

cktrceruzbk (…) lb kucstrb cs ukb àpfeb dfkdc lbrcbl`dbd bdv`crtc ukb lceturb plurbl y kf sc pucdcefkstbtbr k`kiukb rcbl`dbd gucrb dc cstc dbtf.

Nfy cx`stc ukb kcecs`dbd dc lceturbs quc kf scbiftck ck ukb sflb d`rcee`õk (…) efk efkt`kufsdcseujr`h`cktfs ck ebdb cstrbtf f k`vcl? cl dc lbefhcd`b nuhbkb, cl dc eubdrf s`hjõlèf, cl lèrèf,cl v`s`fkbr`f, cl dc lb `kdbibe`õk psèflõièb,cl blciõrèf, cl dc lb `kvcke`õk dcl lckiubocprfp`f, cl dc rcd dc rcgcrcke`bs eulturblcs (…)lb pfs`j`l`dbd dc lceturb dcsdc hÿlt`plcs plbkfscs ebrbetcrèstèb dc tfdbs lbs irbkdcs kfvclbs dctfdfs lfs t`chpfs.:

P tfdbs cstbs ebpbs dc sìk`gèbe`õk d`vcrsbs

ck cl lckiuboc y sus cstrbtci`bs, cstâk tco`dbs cktfrkf b uk kÿelcf hètèf ―tbl efhf sc hcke`fkõck cl ebpètulf pbsbdf- efkt`kÿb Eblv`kf?

Cx`stc ukb efrrcspfkdcke`b cktrc bliukbs dclbs kfvclbs quc nfy sc cser`jck, sc lcck y cstbkcecs`dbd dc rcprcscktbr cl hukdf hcd`bktc

bprfx`hbe`fkcs plur`d`hcks`fkblcs, bebsfefhpucstbs, ck lbs quc ukb uk`dbd dc kÿelcfhètèf, uk rìfr `ktcrkf ―s`k cl eubl kf cx`stcfjrb pfàtèb- kf sc pucdc d`st`kiu`r hâs bllâ dclbs d`st`ktbs lcktcs dc lb eulturb, dc lb efke`cke`b,dc lb `ksp`rbe`õk f dc lbs hbkèbs pcrsfkblcs qucefhpfkc sus pr`shâtèfs.5

Bktc cstb pcrspcet`vb dc v`s`fkcs plurblcs pbrbefktchplbr Cl Ucòfr dc lfs Bk`llfs, Tfh Un`ppcybpuktb?

]rfjbjlchcktc Tfla`ck nbjrèb suser`tf lb tcs`s (kfdcsefkfe`db pbrb lfs hcd`cvbl`stbs), dc quc tfdbslbs irbkdcs fjrbs dc gèe`õk dcjck efktckcr ukbcseckb cscke`bl f “kÿelcf lèrèf‘4

¶Euâl scrèb cktfkecs “cl kÿelcf lèrèf‘ sfjrccl quc sc cktrctcoc Cl scòfr dc lfs Bk`llfs6 Skbbvckturbdb pfs`j`l`dbd cs lb sìu`cktc? lbscsp`rblcs pfàtèbs dc rcgcrcktcs.

Ck tfdb lb fjrb dc Tfla`ck, cs pfs`jlc rbstrcbrtrbksvcrsblhcktc lfs cefs dc sus “irbkdcs rclbtfs‘quc tfhbk gfrhb d`st`ktb ck ebdb fjrb, f vbr`bsck uk h`shf tcxtf.

Cstbs rcgcrcke`bs pbrceck cstbjlcecr csp`rblcsdfkdc uk rcgcrcktc h`tflõièf vuclvc bbpbrcecr ck ukb gfrhb hckfr dc lcyckdb, pbrbscr rctfhbdf pfstcr`frhcktc ck uk efktcxtfn`stõrèf y, g`kblhcktc, clcvbdf b lb hèk`hb ysut`l rcgcrcke`b dc lf pfàtèf.


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Skf dc csfs ebsfs cs cl dc lb Llbhb@hpcrcecdcrb dc lb ercbe`õk?

Ck lfs h`tfs dc Cl U`lhbr`ll`fk, lb ckt`dbdeõshèb dc @lÿvbtbr, Cru, ickcrb lb v`db b trbvàs

dc su Llbhb. @hpcrcecdcrb, lucif sus nòfs, lfsd`fscs, rcglcobk cstb h`shb llbhb ercbkdf b lfs dfs Ârjflcs dc lb luz, dc lfs quc suri`râk hâs tbrdccl sfl y lb lukb. Hâs bdclbktc ck Cl U`lhbr`ll`fk,ck lbs lcyckdbs quc eucktbk lfs ncenfs dc lfsclgfs kfldfr, lb luz dc lfs ârjflcs cs ebpturbdby rcglcobdb ck ukbs ofybs, lfs s`lhbr`ll`, y ukf dccllfs scrâ blzbdf ck cl e`clf pfr Cärckd`l pbrbefkvcrt`rsc ck lb cstrcllb dc lb tbrdc.

Ck lb n`stfr`b dc Cl Ucòfr dc lfs Bk`llfs, clCspcof dc Iblbdr`cl ebpturb y rcglcob lb luz dc lb

cstrcllb dc lb tbrdc y, g`kblhcktc, uk pfef dcl biubquc efkt`ckc su rcglcof, cs iubrdbdb ck cl v`bl qucIblbdr`cl rciblb b Grfdf, y cs bsè efhf uk s`hplcgrbsef sõlf efk biub elbrb, sc tfrkb ck lb luz ck lbfseur`dbd, rcglcobkdf lb cstrcllb dc lb tbrdc, qucrcglcob b lfs Ârjflcs dc lb Luz, quc rcglcob lb Llbhb`hpcrcecdcrb dcl frìck dc lb ercbe`õk.

U`ckdf cl lckiuboc pfr sè h`shf cscke`bl pbrbTfla`ck y Cl Ucòfr dc lfs Bk`llfs, cs kbturbl qucftrb dc lbs csp`rblcs sc rcg`crb bl pfdcr dc ercbe`õkdc lb pblbjrb?3 Ck Cl U`lhbr`ll`fk, cl h`tf eucktb

quc @lÿvbtbr, Cru, ercb cl uk`vcrsf cspbre`ckdflb Llbhb @hpcrcecdcrb b trbvàs dc su ebktf ysus nòfs, lfs d`fscs, ebktbk efk àl ck uk efrfpbrb ercbr lb T`crrb Hcd`b ck pbrtèulbr y, pfefdcspuàs, tbhj`àk icstbr efk sus vfecs, lfs Ârjflcsdc lb Luz. Hâs tbrdc, ck lbs lcyckdbs dc lfs clgfs,G`krfd Gclbiukd sc ckgrcktb efktrb Uburfk ck ukduclf dc ebktfs, dfkdc sus vfecs, hâs quc scrhcrbhcktc hÿsèb, sfk ebpbecs dc trbksgfrhbrscck pblbjrbs dc pfdcr y ckebktbh`cktf. Ck lbn`stfr`b dc Cl Ucòfr dc lfs Bk`llfs, eubkdf lfsnfjj`ts sfk blebkzbdfs lb pr`hcrb vcz pfr uk

o`kctc kcirf, bpbrceck pfr cl ebh`kf lfs clgfsebktbkdf y su vfz cs sugè`cktc pbrb bnuycktbrbl cspcetrf. Cl rchbtc lèrèf dc cstb csp`rbl cseubkdf cl hâs s`hplõk y nuh`ldc dc lfs nfjj`ts, clobrd`kcrf Ubh Ibhy`, ckeucktrb lb pr`s`õk scerctbdc Grfdf ck lb tfrrc dc E`r`tn Skifl pfrquc, ck sudcscspcrbe`õk, Ubh sc pfkc b ebktbr ck lb lckiubdc lfs clgfs, y Grfdf lf cseuenb b lb d`stbke`b y lfllbhb.

Ftrf ebsf cs cl dc lfs bhfrcs cktrc `kd`v`dufsdc d`st`ktb ebtcifrèb sfe`bl? ck cl h`tf ck Cl

U`lhbr`ll`fk, cl rcy clgf Clÿ Tn`kifl sc ibkb clefrbzõk dc Hcl`bk, uk cspèr`tu hbyfr efk gfrhb......dc nbdb. Dc su uk`õk kbecrâ Lÿtn`ck, lb hâs......jcllb dc lbs dfkecllbs àlgèbs, quc sc ckbhfrbrâ

dc Jcrck, uk vbibjukdf nuhbkf qu`ck tckdrâquc rfjbrlc ukb ofyb dc lb efrfkb bl d`fs dc hbl,pbrb ibkbr su hbkf. Ck lb n`stfr`b dc Cl Ucòfrdc lfs Bk`llfs, Brbifrk, tbhj`àk nfhjrc hfrtbl,tckdrâ quc byudbr b Grfdf ck lb Iucrrb dcl Bk`llf pbrb ibkbr cl dcrcenf bl efrbzõk dc ftrbdbhb àlgèb? Brwck. P cl rchbtc lèrèf dc cstbsrcgcrcke`bs ―sut`l y suicr`db efhf tfdfs lfs ftrfsrchbtcs pfàtèfs-, cs cl ckbhfrbh`cktf bjsflutfdcl ckbkf I`hl` nbe`b lb dbhb Iblbdr`cl, quclc dbrâ dc rciblf blif quc lc kciõ bl h`shès`hfnbecdfr dc lbs ofybs dc lb luz? kf ukf, s`kf trcs dcsus ebjcllfs dfrbdfs.

Bsè pucs, lfs rchbtcs lèrèfs dc lbs csp`rblcsdc Tfla`ck, fgrceck rcsflue`fkcs eft`d`bkbsy rcbl`stbs bl cef dc rcgcrcke`bs pfrtcktfsbs,

lfirbkdf su hbyfr efktukdcke`b efk lb hcsurb dclf sfjrckbturbl, efhf yb bktcs sc nb hcke`fkbdf.

Lb pfcsèb cs su pfàtèb.

@@

]brbtcxtfs? lbs grfktcrbs dcsjfrdbdbs dc ukbkfvclb

Lfs pbrbtcxtfs sfk tfdbs bqucllbs pbrtcs dc ukl`jrf quc befhpbòbk uk tcxtf? cl tètulf, lb pfrtbdb,

lb eubrtb dc gfrrfs, lfs èkdècs, lfs bpàkdècs, lbsdcdèbtfr`bs, lbs kftbs b p`c dc pâi`kb, cl eflfgõk,lb pâi`kb lcibl, lbs `lustrbe`fkcs f eublqu`cr ftrfs`h`lbr.

27

Trcs hèk`hbs pfàtèbs pbrb lccr b Tfla`ck Hcdbrdf Lbkdfk Hbzb Ducòbs


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U` j`ck lf efhÿk cs quc cl butfr cser`jbsõlf cl tcxtf y dcoc b lfs cd`tfrcs cl d`scòf ypcrt`kcke`b dc lfs pbrbtcxtfs, efks`dcrbkdf suskcecs`dbdcs cefkõhèbs y lciblcs, kf fjstbktc,bliukfs cser`tfrcs nbeck usf dc cstfs pbrbtcxtfspbrb efhplctbr cl d`seursf dc su fjrb. Tfla`ck

cs uk ebsf, pbrbdìhâtèf y sfrprckdcktc, dclusf prfpfs`t`vf dc lfs pbrbtcxtfs, kf sflf ck lbl`tcrbturb gbktâstèb, s`kf ck tfdb lb n`stfr`b dc lbl`tcrbturb.

Lfs pbrbtcxtfs dc Cl Ucòfr dc lfs Bk`llfs sfkut`l`zbdfs cstrbtàièbhcktc efhf uk ̀ kstruhcktfl`tcrbr`f dc vcrfs`h`l`tud, fgrce`àkdflc bl lcetfr`kcspcrbdbs grfktcrbs eulturblcs dc su uk`vcrsfkbrrbt`vf, ercbkdf csb prfgukdb kfe`õk dc“vcrdbd l`tcrbr`b‘.

Hbpbs dc rci`fkcs, erfkflfièbs, ârjflcsickcblõièfs, ilfsbr`fs dc d`vcrsbs lckiubs`kvcktbdbs pbrb lfs pucjlfs quc nbj`tbk lb T`crrbHcd`b, bpàkdècs n`stõrèfs, trbtbdfs l`kiüèstèfs,dfs s`stchbs èktcirfs dc cser`turb, `lustrbe`fkcs dclbs lctrbs àlgèbs ck cl ̀ ktcr`fr dcl Bk`llf ßkèf, lbsrukbs dc lb tuhjb dc Jbl`k, cl cseudf dc brhbs dclb pucrtb dc Hfr`b… c, `kelusf, d`scòõ c `lustrõvbr`bs pfrtbdbs pbrb Cl Nfjj`t y Cl Ucòfr dc lfs Bk`llfs, quc gucrfk dcsebrtbdbs ck lbs pr`hcrbcdè`fkcs pcrf quc nfy sc pujlèbk ck vcrs`fkcsefkhchfrbt`vbs.

Lb `kelus`õk dc cstfs pbrbtcxtfs cs ukb dclbs rbzfkcs, efhf sc nb efhcktbdf, pfr lb qucdurbktc bòfs sc dctuvf lb pujlèbe`õk dc Cl Ucòfrdc lfs Bk`llfs pucs, pcsc b tfdbs lbs erètèbs ybriuhcktfs, Tfla`ck kf pcrh`t`õ quc sc pujlèbrbsu fjrb s`k cllfs, efkse`cktc kf sflf dc su cgcetf dc`khcrs`õk ck su Hukdf Uceukdbr`f, s`kf tbhj`àkdc quc, efk cllf, sc efhplctbjb lb `ktcirbl`dbd dcsu d`seursf. Bsè rclbtb su j`õirbgf cl prfecsf dcercbe`õk dc cstfs pbrbtcxtfs?

Dceèb Tfla`ck? “U` vbs b cser`j`r ukb n`stfr`befhplèbdb, dcjcs nbecr uk hbpb1 dc ftrf hfdf,obhâs lf pfdrâs nbecr dcspuàs‘. ]crf kf jbstbjbefk cstf, s`kf quc n`zf bdchâs `kg`k`tfs eâleulfsdc t`chpfs y d`stbke`bs, y clbjfrbdbs tbjlbs dcncenfs dc lb n`stfr`b, befhpbòbdfs dc gcenbs, dèbsdc lb schbkb, nfrbs y b vcecs nbstb lb d`rcee`õkdcl v`cktf y lbs gbscs dc lb lukb. Cstf sc dcjèb ckpbrtc b su `ks`stcke`b nbj`tubl b lb pcrgcee`õk, yck pbrtc pfrquc ifzbjb dc su “suj-ercbe`õk‘,pcrf sfjrc tfdf pfr cl dcscf dc fgrcecr uk rctrbtfbjsflutbhcktc vcrfsèh`l. Huenf hâs tbrdc dòf?“Nc qucr`df quc lb icktc pckctrc ck lb kbrrbe`õky lb tfhc (ck e`crtf sckt`df) efhf ukb n`stfr`brcbl‘.7

Dc sus pbrbtcxtfs rcsultbk pbrtèulbrhcktcsfrprckdcktcs sus bpàkdècs l`kiüèstèfs, dfkdc

tfdb su gruè`õk y su ebrrcrb dc g`lõlfif, ckefktrõebuec pbrb dfs lckiubs dc clgfs9y cxtrbetfs sfjrc lblckiub dc lfs ckbkfs, lfs frefs, lfs kÿhckfrcbkfsy lfs o`kctcs dc Zfnbk.

P bl g`kbl, lfs pbrbtcxtfs quc ck su hfhcktfsc tchèbk gucrbk ebrib cxecs`vb pbrb cl pÿjlèf,tcrh`kbrfk pfr rcsultbr bpckbs sõlf uk sfrjfpbrb lb scd quc dcsdc cktfkecs nbk qucr`dfsbt`sgbecr, jcj`ckdf hâs y hâs dc lb T`crrb Hcd`b,ickcrbe`fkcs cktcrbs dc lcetfrcs.

@@@

Cl hâs bltf dcjcr dcl eucktf dc nbdbs

Uè? O.Z.Z. Tfla`ck cs cl pbdrc dc lb l`tcrbturbgbktâstèb àpèb efktchpfrâkcb y, s`k chjbrif,eubkdf sc lc prciuktõ sfjrc cl iàkcrf l`tcrbr`f dc Cl Ucòfr dc lfs Bk`llfs, -tbl efhf sc hcke`fkõ ckcl ebpètulf pbsbdf- àl rcspfkd`õ?

Hc `ktcrcsb pfef lb n`stfr`b l`tcrbr`b scr`bl ykbdb ck bjsflutf lb n`stfr`b f lb prcscktc s`tube`õkdc lb “kfvclb‘ `kilcsb. H` fjrb kf cs ukb “kfvclb‘s`kf uk “rfhbkec ncrfèf‘, ukb vbr`cdbd l`tcrbr`bhuenf hâs bktìub y dcl tfdf d`gcrcktc.>

P dc lb l`tcrbturb dc lb bktìücdbd, dcl eucktfdc nbdbs, Tfla`ck rcv`tbl`zbrèb uk rceursfkbrrbt`vf quc nb pcrd`df irbk prcstì`f ck......sìlf ^^? cl g`kbl gcl`z. Bsè cxplèb Ofric Lu`s.... Jfrics cl dcserc`h`cktf bl quc bludc Tfla`ck?

29

Hcdbrdf Lbkdfk Hbzb Ducòbs Trcs hèk`hbs pfàtèbs pbrb lccr b Tfla`ck


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2>

Ck cl pbsbdf tfdb chprcsb crb vckturfsb. Bliu`ck rfjbjb, bl g`k, lbs prfn`j`dbs hbkzbkbsdc frf1 bliu`ck, bl g`k, hcrceèb lb efkqu`stb dclir`bl. Bnfrb lb juseb cstâ efkdckbdb bl grbebsf.Cl ebp`tâk Bnbj db efk lb jbllckb y lb jbllckblf dcsnbec1 lfs nàrfcs dc Obhcs f dc Abgab sõlfpucdck cspcrbr lb dcrrftb. Ufhfs tbk pfjrcs dcvblfr y dc gc quc yb cl nbppy-ckd`ki kf cs ftrb efsbquc uk nblbif `kdustr`bl. Kf pfdchfs erccr ck cle`clf, pcrf sè ck cl `kg`crkf.0

Kf cs pbrb Tfla`ck cl g`kbl gcl`z uk “hcrfnblbif `kdustr`bl‘, s`kf k` hâs k` hckfs quc clhâs bltf dcjcr dcl eucktf dc nbdbs?

Hâs bllâ dc lfs v`cofs bknclfs dcl nfhjrc,cl hbyfr efksuclf dc lfs eucktfs dc nbdbs cs clg`kbl gcl`z (…). Cl vblfr efksflbdfr (…) fgrcec ftrb

gbectb, bdchâs dc lb sbt`sgbee`õk ̀ hbi`kbt`vb dc lfsv`cofs bknclfs. (…) Ebs` hc btrcvcrèb b bsciurbrquc bsè dcjc tcrh`kbr tfdf eucktf dc nbdbs qucsc prce`c. Uè bsciurbrèb eubkdf hckfs quc s` lbtrbicd`b cs lb butàktèb gfrhb dcl Tcbtrf, su h`s`õkhâs clcvbdb, lf fpucstf tbhj`àk cs e`crtf dcleucktf dc nbdbs. Lb dckfh`kbrà Cuebtâstrfgc (…)cs lb juckb ebtâstrfgc, cl rcpckt`kf y ifzfsf i`rf(pucs k`kiukf dc cllfs t`ckc butàktèf g`kbl), tfdbcstb dènb cs ukb dc lbs efsbs quc lfs eucktfs dcnbdbs pucdck efksciu`r cxtrbfrd`kbr`bhcktc j`ck,kf sc gukdbhcktb ck lb cvbs`õk k` ck lb nu`db (…)

kf k`cibk lb cx`stcke`b dc lb tr`stczb y dcl grbebsf,pucs lb pfs`j`l`dbd dc bhjfs sc nbec kcecsbr`fpbrb cl ifzf dc lb l`jcrbe`õk (…), rcenbzbkdf, trbskuhcrfsbs prucjbs, lb efhplctb dcrrftb g`kbl (…)prfdue`ckdf csb chfe`õk cscke`bl? lb blcirèb qucprfvfeb lbs lâir`hbs, pfrquc cs eubkt`tbt`vbhcktccqu`vblcktc bl dflfr, pfrquc prfv`ckc dc lfsh`shfs luibrcs dfkdc lb Blcirèb y cl Dflfr sfklf h`shf.2=

P bsè, Cl Ucòfr dc lfs Bk`llfs cs lb Cuebtâstrfgcdc lb l`tcrbturb dcl sìlf ^^. P, pbrb qu`ck cstfcser`jc, y lb Cuebtâstrfgc dc lb l`tcrbturb hfdcrkbdcsdc quc Ubkenf lc p`d`õ b su bhf pfkcrsc ckp`c dc su lcenf dc hucrtc pbrb sbl`r àl tbhj`àk bdcsgbecr cktucrtfs.

Ck lbs cseblcrbs dc E`r`tn Skifl, Ubh y Grfdfd`blfibk sfjrc lfs eucktfs dc nbdbs efhf lfssuyfs, plckfs dc fseur`dbd y tchfr, y sc prciuktbks` bliukb vcz nbjrâ bliu`ck quc eucktc su n`stfr`b.

-P lb icktc d`râ? “¡Fìbhfs lb n`stfr`b dcGrfdf y cl bk`llf!‘. P d`râk? “Uè, cs ukb dc h`sn`stfr`bs gbvfr`tbs.

-Cs dce`r dchbs`bdf ―rcspfkd`õ Grfdf y sc cenõb rcèr, efk ukb r`sb lbrib y elbrb quc lc kbeèb dclefrbzõk.

Kftbs.2. Tfh Un`ppcy, p. 200.:. @tblf Eblv`kf, “Zcspucstbs b prciuktbs sfjrc lb kfvclb(2033)‘ ck Hukdf cser`tf y hukdf kf cser`tf, p. 53.5. Èdch.4. @jèdch.3. Kf cs ebusbl lb rcgcrcke`b dc cstfs ercbdfrcs quc hfldcbkcl hukdf b trbvàs dc su brtc (sus ebktfs, su frgcjrcrèb, susgfrobs), efks`dcrbkdf lb pfsturb dc Tfla`ck ck Ufjrc eucktfsdc nbdbs, dcl nfhjrc efhf suj-ercbdfr efk dcrcenf b lb`hbi`kbe`õk y b efhplctbr cl hukdf efk su prfp`f brtc, ck su

ebsf, b su l`tcrbturb, quc l`tcrblhcktc nb trbksgfrhbdf lb v`dbdc h`llfkcs dc lcetfrcs, cktrc cllfs qu`ck cstf cser`jc.7. Nuhpnrcy Ebrpcktcr, p. :27.9. Skb jbsbdb ck cl iblàs (cl s`kdbr`k) y lb ftrb jbsbdb ck clg`klbkdàs (cl quckyb), dfs lckiubs pfr lbs quc Tfla`ck scktèbcspce`bl bprce`f.>. O.Z.Z. Tfla`ck, Ebrtbs, p. 2::.0. Ofric Lu`s Jfrics, Fjrbs Efhplctbs (Tfhf @@), Juckfs

B`rcs, Chceà, :==4, p. 3=4.2=. O.Z.Z.Tfla`ck, “Ufjrc lfs eucktfs dc nbdbs‘, pp. >5, 2::.22. O.Z.Z. Tfla`ck, Cl Ucòfr dc lfs Bk`llfs Tfhf @@? Lbs DfsTfrrcs, Hàxèf, H`kftburf, :==4, p. 447.

Trcs hèk`hbs pfàtèbs pbrb lccr b Tfla`ck Hcdbrdf Lbkdfk Hbzb Ducòbs


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20

Dcspuàs dc hcscs dc trbjbof, pfrg`k llciõ lb `kbuiurbe`õk dc lbsbet`v`dbdcs efk ukb vclbdb lÿdèbcl pbsbdf :3 dc hbrzf, cl Dèb Hukd`bl dclccr b Tfla`ck. Ebdb bòf dcsdc nbec t`chpf,lfs h`chjrfs dc lb dclcibe`õk kfs nchfsrcuk`df pbrb lccr bliÿk pbsboc dc lbs fjrbs dcl]rfgcsfr, pcrf kf nb s`df nbstb nbec uk pbrdc bòfs eubkdf nchfs efhckzbdf b nbecrlfefhf uk betf bj`crtf bl pÿjlèf. Csf sè, kukebck ukb g`cstb dc lb lceturb efhf cstb.

Ercbhfs uk cvcktf bl quc eublqu`crpcrsfkb pfdèb bpuktbrsc b lccr efk kfsftrfs.Lfs h`chjrfs dcl sh`bl, dcsdc lfs hâsbktìufs nbstb lfs rce`àk llcibdfs, kfsgu`hfs bk`hbkdf b clci`r ukbs lceturbs pbrblccrlbs ck pÿjlèf csc dèb. Clci`hfs dcsdclbs hckfs efkfe`dbs nbstb lbs hâs bgbhbdbs,ukbs dc nuhfr, ftrbs dc jbtbllb y bliukb dchclbkeflèb f hucrtc. Skb sclcee`õk vbr`bdbpbrb uk pÿjlèf quc cspcrâjbhfs kf hckfsvbr`bdf, pucs bpfstbhfs pfr rcbl`zbr cstbslceturbs bl eblfr dcl puj dfkdc kfs rcuk`hfsnbj`tublhcktc? Tnc ]ckiu`k Zfw.

Cl dèb dcl cvcktf, cstâjbhfs kcrv`fs`llfs,pfrquc pbrb huenfs crb lb pr`hcrb vcz quc lcèbk

ck pÿjlèf1 y, pbrb ftrfs , qucrèbhfs quc tfdfsbl`csc j`ck pfr cl d`sgrutc dc csfs qucr`dfskfvbtfs. Trbs uk dctbllbzf b lb prcs`dcktb y ukbcktrcib dc d`plfhbs b lfs kucvfs h`chjrfsdc lb dclcibe`õk, efhckzbhfs b lccr. Ebdbtrcs lceturbs, uk jr`kd`s, ukb ebke`õk. Gucukb vclbdb hbrbv`llfsb, tbktf quc bliukfs

cspcetbdfrcs sc bk`hbrfk b lccr bl g`kbl dc lbslceturbs prfirbhbdbs.

Cl :9 dc hbrzf Gcrkbkdf Lõpcz, kucstrfefhpbòcrf dc sh`bl y bhìf, vck`df dcsdccl lcobkf Eâecrcs b pbsbr tfdb lb schbkb efkkfsftrfs (dcspuàs dc hcscs y hcscs dc nbjlbrtbk sõlf pfr @ktcrkct), kf kfs dcgrbudõ ckbjsflutf efk su enbrlb «Cl L`jrf Zfof? dc lbpclèeulb b lb rcbl`dbd. Cl d`br`f quc `ksp`rõb Tfla`ck±. Àrbhfs efkse`cktcs dc su irbk

tblcktf efhf `lustrbdfr y brtcsbkf, pcrfnchfs dcseuj`crtf quc tbhj`àk cs uk sfjcrj`fefkgcrcke`bktc. Ck su enbrlb kfs dcseujr`õ lfscktrcsòfs dc su ercbe`õk brtcsbkb, uk butàktèf

tcsfrf efkvcrt`df ck l`jrf. Fs bk`hbhfs bv`s`tbr su pâi`kb ck Gbecjffa (nttps?//www.gbecjffa.efh/l`jrfrfofgrfktcrbfcstc), dfkdcpfdà`s ckefktrbr gftfs dc su ercbe`õk, ytbhj`àk cl cklbec bl v`dcf dc su efkgcrcke`b.

Erõkèb dc lfs ^@@@ Ckeucktrfsefk Tfla`ck ck _brbifzb.

:3 bl :0 dc hbrzf dc :=24.

Hbrèb Ocsÿs Lbkzuclb «Uclcraâlb±

Bkdrcb «Kb`rb± c @rckc «]brhbr`cl±

Eflcee`fk Gcrkbkdf Lõpcz

Bs`stcktcs b lb enbrlb «Cl L`jrf Zfof±


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:=

Bl dèb sìu`cktc, Hbrèb Ocsÿs Lbkzuclb«Uclcraâlb±, lb prcs`dcktb dc lb dclcibe`õk,prcscktõ ck «Tfla`ck y su gbectb efhf`lustrbdfr± uk rcefrr`df b hfdf dc rcsuhckpfr ukf dc lfs bspcetfs hâs dcsefkfe`dfs dcTfla`ck? su bgè`õk pfr lb `lustrbe`õk. Dcsdc

sus d`juofs hâs pr`vbdfs rcbl`zbdfs ck su`kgbke`b y ouvcktud (f `kelusf ck su àpfeb dcpbdrc) nbstb sus ercbe`fkcs pbrb `lustrbr susl`jrfs pujlèbdfs, «Uclcraâlb± `lustrõ bhjfsbspcetfs tbk d`gcrcktcs, pcrf ìublhcktcgbse`kbktcs, trbtbkdf ebdb cochplf dcsdc ukbrclbe`õk efk lb j`firbgèb dcl cser`tfr jr`tâkèfy bkbl`zâkdflfs efk bpuktcs gfrhblcs dcsdcukb v`s`õk dc n`stfr`bdfrb dcl brtc.

G`kblhcktc, cl :0 dc hbrzf lb dclcibe`õkzbrbifzbkb efktõ efk cl ckfrhc plbecr dcbeficr bl quc guc cl pr`hcr prcs`dcktc dc lbUTC, Ofsà Hbkucl «I`hl`± y su ckebktbdfrbgbh`l`b, pbrb lb prcscktbe`õk dc su l`jrf Lbefkcx`õk cspbòflb dc O.Z.Z.Tfla`ck? cl TèfEurrf. Durbktc cl cvcktf, kfs dclc`tõ efkhuenbs bkàedftbs y eur`fs`dbdcs sfjrc cstb`kvcstìbe`õk, b tfdbs luecs bpbs`fkbktc yhuy rcefhckdbjlc, quc pfdà`s ckefktrbrck l`jrcrèbs y quc fs nbrâ tckcr ukb kucvb yrcgrcsebktc v`s`õk sfjrc cl pbpcl dcl ]bdrcGrbke`s Hfribk y su `hpfrtbktès`hb rclbe`õkefk Tfla`ck y su fjrb.

Rucrchfs birbdcecr lb bs`stcke`b dctbk irbtf pÿjlèf b lbs bet`v`dbdcs dc lfs#^@@@CkeucktrfsEfkTfla`ck. Nb s`df ukbifzbdb vcr llckbrsc lbs cstbke`bs dc ebrbssfkr`cktcs1 bsè efhf hfstrbr kucstrb ctcrkbbdh`rbe`õk y birbdce`h`cktf b kucstrfefhpbòcrf dc dclcibe`õk y bhìf «Er`bturb±,pfr vck`r dcsdc tbk lcofs b dbr su enbrlb y

efkfecr b sus gbks, y bl juckf dc Ofsà HbkuclGcrrâkdcz y su ckebktbdfrb gbh`l`b pfr susbp`cke`b, su irbtb efkvcrsbe`õk y efhpbòèb.Nb s`df tfdf uk nfkfr tckcrlfs efk kfsftrfs.

Irbe`bs tbhj`àk b lb Gbeultbd dc G`lfsfgèby Lctrbs y sus btcktfs efkscrocs quc kfsbyudbk s`chprc1 b kucstrf qucr`df puj Tnc]ckiu`k Zfw y su icrcktc Cdubrdf L`sfk pfrdcobrkfs llcvbr b ebjf bllè kucstrbs `dcbs lfebs1y b lb Gkbe, ck cspce`bl b kucstrb bhìb ]`lbr«Eclcjr`klbs± pfr byudbrkfs b fribk`zbr bllèlb prcscktbe`õk dcl l`jrf. U`k dudb, gucrfk dèbshbrbv`llfsfs, quc efhpbrt`hfs efk huenb`lus`õk cktrc bhìfs bktìufs y kucvfs, efkgclè`tbe`fkcs dcl pÿjlèf quc kfs bk`hbkb sciu`r bdclbktc, y b prcpbrbr dcsdc yb lfsquc ck :=23 scrâk lfs ^@W Ckeucktrfs efkTfla`ck... ]crf csf yb cs ftrb n`stfr`b.

Erõkèb dc lfs ^@@@ Ckeucktrfs efk Tfla`ck ck _brbifzb. Hbrèb Ocsÿs Lbkzuclb «Uclraâlb±

Bs`stcktcs b lb prcscktbe`õk dcl l`jrf «Lb efkcx`õkcspbòflb dc O.Z.Z. Tfla`ck? cl Tèf Eurrf±

Uh`bl dc Anbzbd-Dñh Ofsà Hbkucl «I`hl`±


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¡Ubludfs, prfgcsfr Tfla`ck! Kftbs sfjrcLb ebèdb dc Brturf (Jbreclfkb, H`kftburf, :=25)

Gcrkbkdf E`d Luebs BCF. Sk`vcrs`dbd Butõkfhb dc Hbdr`d

E

fkg`csf quc sbjèb dc lb cx`stcke`b dcllbrif pfchb ck vcrsfs bl`tcrbdfs t`tulbdf«Lb ebèdb dc Brturf± pfr csb p`cdrb

bkiulbr pbrb tfdf tfla`ck`bkf quc sc prce`cquc efkst`tuyck lbs Ebrtbs, h`kue`fsbhcktccd`tbdbs pfr Nuhpnrcy Ebrpcktcr.2 Bnfrb,huenf t`chpf dcspuàs dc quc sc efhpus`csckcsfs vcrsfs, lfs vcf cd`tbdfs hbikègèbhcktc. Pdìf j`ck, «hbikègèbhcktc±, pfr Enr`stfpncrTfla`ck y pfr tfdf cl cqu`pf dc NbrpcrEfll`ksck lb vcrs`õk `kilcsb frì`kbl y dc H`kftburfck lb cspbòflb, quc nbk dbdf b lb luz uk tètulfpcrgcetf, quc rcefic bl hcofr Tfla`ck g`lõlfif(tètulf quc kf hc duclck prckdbs ftfribrtbhj`àk b su nòf), lìbdf, elbrf cstâ, bl hcofr

Tfla`ck ercbdfr. ]frquc cstc l`jrf dc ebs` :3=pâi`kbs t`ckc lb v`rtud dc hfstrbr bl Tfla`ckquc «bprckdc trbjbobkdf± y, ck cgcetf, qu`ckgucsc hbikègèf prfgcsfr dc lckiub y l`tcrbturbbkilfsbofkb durbktc lbrif t`chpf tuvf efhftbrcb butf`hpucstb cl cser`j`r vcrsfs bl`tcrbdfspbrb efhprckdcr hcofr lfs hcebk`shfs `ktcrkfsdc dènb hbk`gcstbe`õk pfàtèb ck lb quc, pfrcochplf, sc e`reukser`jc su tbk qucr`df Jcfwulg .

Bsè, Lb ebèdb dc Brturf sc prcscktb bl lcetfrefhf ukb fjrb quc pucdc cktckdcrsc dcsdc

d`gcrcktcs âkiulfs? bl hckfs dcsdc trcs? cs lbcxplfrbe`õk, ck cgcetf, dcl bhbdf vcrsf bl`tcrbdfbkilfsboõk1 cs uk cocreè`f dc ercbe`õk l`tcrbr`bck sè h`shf1 y tbhj`àk dc prfgukd`zbe`õk ck cscefkouktf dc h`tfs y lcyckdbs quc cs cl bkenurfsf

Eèlf Brtÿrèf, dcl quc sbldrèbk `kglucke`bs pbrbIbkdblg b trbvàs dc Hcrlèk f pbrb Brbifrk dcIfkdfr dcsdc cl prfp`f Brturf ]ckdrbiõk.

Dcobkdf b uk lbdf cl âhj`tf dc cstbs`kglucke`bs sbebdbs dcl frjc ch`kcktchcktciblàs, ck cstc l`jrf lccrchfs bl Tfla`ck h`kue`fsfdcl U`lhbr`l`fk. Lccrchfs t`rbdbs dc vcrsfspcksbdfs y rcpcksbdfs pbrb scr `hpcebjlcsbl fèdf, dc ukb g`kb husèbl`dbd ck cl `kilàsfrì`kbl, `kircd`cktc gukdbhcktbl pbrb quc cstct`pf dc vcrsf guke`fkc.

Bukquc `kefhplctf (dcgcetf dcl qucbdflceck tbktbs chprcsbs efhckzbdbs pfr cl dc

Jlfchgfktc`k), lfs grbihcktfs efkscrvbdfs dclpfchb dcst`lbk cl cst`lf prfp`f dcl butfr dc Tnc Lfrd fg tnc Z`kis y sus prcgcrcke`bs cst`lèstèbs.

Huenfs hc prciuktbrâk s` hcrcec lb pckbefhprbr f lccr Lb ebèdb dc Brturf, s` cs blifhâs quc ukb cstrbtci`b efhcre`bl pbrb fjtckcrp`kiücs jckcgè`fs pfr lbs vcktbs, bsciurbdbs pfrukb lci`õk dc g`clcs sciu`dfrcs, lf quc b lb pfstrckf scrèb hâs quc frf sfjrc cl lcenf j`ck euj`crtfdc Uhbui. H` rcspucstb cs uk sè rftukdf. Lbebèdb dc Brturf rcprcscktb uk vblfr pfr sè h`shb.Tbl vcz dcjbhfs dcobr b uk lbdf lb T`crrb Hcd`b,pcrf cl bhbktc dcl sustrbtf brtÿrèf t`ckc bquè uktètulf gukdbhcktbl, befhpbòbdf dc uk efhplctfbpbrbtf erètèf rcdbetbdf ck uk lckiubocch`kcktchcktc e`cktègèf, pcrf bscqu`jlc, pbrb

Tnc Dcbtn fg A`ki Brtnur pfr Obhcs Brencr (2>:5).


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Kftbs sfjrc Lb ebèdb dc Brturf Gcrkbkdf E`d Luebs

eublqu`crb quc lcb efk `ktcràs. ]frquc bquè cstâkfs pcrsfkbocs, lfs luibrcs, lb frfirbgèb… Tfla`ckguc, kf lf flv`dchfs, uk cxeclcktc efkfecdfr dclEèlf Brtÿrèf. Uu cdè`õk ck `kilàs hfdcrkfdc U`r Ibwb`k bkd tnc Ircck Akìnt (g`rhbdb bl

bl`hõk ouktf bl prfgcsfr C.W. Ifrdfk) scrèb sõlfuk jftõk dc hucstrb.:

Ck cstb jrcvc rcscòb sõlf hc qucdb plbktcbrb dudb —ercf quc rbzfkbjlc— dc btr`ju`r lb

efhplctb butfrèb dcl l`jrf (quc kf lb dcl pfchbbrtÿrèf `kbebjbdf, s`kf lb dcl vfluhck ck suefkouktf) b O.Z.Z. Tfla`ck. Dìf cstf pfrqucbs pâi`kbs g`rhbdbs pfr cl vâstbif dcl butfr dc

Tnc Nfjj`t sc `hjrèbk b lb pcrgcee`õk efk lfsvcrsfs dc su pbdrc —y buk lbs ÿlt`hbs nfobs dcb hfkfirbgèb, ncenbs pfr lfs trbduetfrcs dc lbvcrs`õk cspbòflb—.

Bsè, pucs, lcbk Lb ebèdb dc Brturf, tbktf s`sfk beàrr`hfs sciu`dfrcs dc lb fjrb dc O.Z.Z.Tfla`ck (t`ckck tfdbs lbs lècke`bs bdqu`r`dbs) fs` qu`crck dclc`tbrsc efk lb gucrzb quc dcst`lbkfs h`tfs brtÿrèfs. ]crf, y tcrh`kf, nbrà ukb

(oustb) llbhbdb b qu`ckcs jusquck efhf hulfck suref ck tfdf lf g`rhbdf pfr dènf butfr su

rcpcreus`õk ck su `hbi`kbr`f. Nby, e`crtbhcktc,ukbs pâi`kbs ck cl l`jrf gfrhbkdf uk ebp`tul`tfllbhbdf «Cl pfchb kf cser`tf±1 ukbs pâi`kbs dcirbk ebl`dbd g`lflõièb, ck dfkdc Enr`stfpncrkfs dcsilfsb efk elbr`dbd hcr`d`bkb eõhf cstc

pfchb iubrdb rclbe`õk y cs ebs` j`sbirb cktrc susqucr`dfs pfchbs bkilfsbofkcs, efhf Jcfwulg , ylfs prftfrclbtfs quc, clbjfrbdfs, dbrèbk luibr bleèlf kbrrbt`vf efkecrk`cktc b lb T`crrb Hcd`b.]crf cs huenf hâs. Dc e`crtf su butfkfhèbllcibrâ b sfrprckdcr b qu`ckcs efkfzebk j`ck susfjrbs.

Pf pucdf dbrlcs bliukfs hft`vfs hâs pbrbquc lcbk y d`sgrutck efk Lb ebèdb dc Brturf,bliukfs, tbl vcz, scbk hft`vfs huy pcrsfkblcs1s`k chjbrif, tfhck cl l`jrf cktrc sus hbkfs pfrprfp`f `hpulsf, lcbk y ouziuck ustcdcs h`shfs.

Kftbs.2. Jbreclfkb, H`kftburf, 2005.:. Fxgfrd, Fxgfrd Sk`vcrs`ty ]rcss, 20:3. ]brb prfgukd`zbrhâs ck cstb `hpfrtbktc fjrb g`lflõièb dcl prfgcsfr, vàbsc?E@D LSEBU, Gcrkbkdf, “O.ZZ. Tfla`ck, C.W. Ifrdfk, U`rIbwb`k y cl Ebjbllcrf Wcrdc? Iàkcs`s, trbycetfr`b y rcsultbdfsdc uk tcxtf ebkõkèf‘, Cstcl, k¿ 75, :==0, pp.5:-53.

Tnc lbst slccp fg Brtnur pfr Cdwbrd Jurkc Ofkcs (2>0>).


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Efh`s`õk dc

Cl Nfjj`t , dc Dcv`r

Oucifs

B`yb, ouifkcs.¶Ruà fjtckchfs s` hczelbhfscl pbrenès, uk oucif dc ebrtbs y Cl

Nfjj`t6 Cl rcsultbdf dc cstb hczelb cs cl oucif Cl Nfjj`t, dc Dcv`r. Dènf bsè suckb blifcxtrbòf, pcrf, efhf pud`hfs efhprfjbr ck lbpbsbdb Cstclefk, cstc oucif lìb huy j`ck cstfstrcs efkecptfs.

Ck lb ebob kfs v`ckc uk tbjlcrf efk d`gcrcktcsebs`llbs? ukfs efkfs dc eflfrcs b hfdf dcpcrsfkbocs (dfs pbrb ebdb ouibdfr b hfdfdc ckbkfs, ukf hâs pcqucòf quc rcprcscktbb J`ljf y ukf hâs irbkdc quc rcprcscktb bIbkdblg), ukfs dbdfs, uk hbrebdfr dc fref yukbs eubktbs ebrtbs.

Cl fjoct`vf dcl oucif cs `r bvbkzbkdfebs`llb b ebs`llb pbrb pfdcr pfkcr b sblvf bJ`ljf y, bl hckfs, b ukf dc lfs ckbkfs dc ebdbouibdfr (rcefrdchfs quc nby dfs pfr ouibdfr)bktcs dc quc cl fref efhplctc su prfp`b rutbck csp`rbl. Bl `r bvbkzbkdf, pbsbrchfs pfrd`gcrcktcs rci`fkcs dc lb T`crrb Hcd`b, dfkdckfs tckdrchfs quc ckgrcktbr efk trflls, frefsy nubrifs luenbkdf efk kucstrfs ckbkfs (ybliukb byudb febs`fkbl, efhf cl Ucòfr Clrfkd).

Cl oucif bjruhb uk pfef bktcs dc chpczbr,yb quc lbs rcilbs v`ckck tfdbs huy j`ckdctbllbdbs. U`k chjbrif, ukb vcz sc efh`ckzb,

ukf sc db eucktb dc lf glu`df quc cs cl oucify dc eõhf sc `ktcr`fr`zbk csbs kfrhbs (quc blg`kbl kf pbrceck tbktbs).

Cl rcsuhck dc kucstrb pr`hcrb pbrt`db bloucif gucrfk huenbs r`sbs, ckbkfs hfktbkdfck pfk`s vclfecs y uk J`ljf blif bsustbd`zf quclfirõ zbgbrsc dc lfs frefs efk cl bk`llf1 pcrfkf pudf byudbr b ukfs pfjrcs ckbkfs qucsueuhj`crfk bktc lbs brt`hbòbs dcl ckchìf.

Tbktf lbs ebrtbs efhf cl tbjlcrf cstâk`lustrbdfs efk `hâickcs dc lb pclèeulb dc

Cl Nfjj`t? uk v`boc `kcspcrbdf y efk ukbprcscktbe`õk eflfr`db y d`vcrt`db. Sk oucif`dcbl pbrb lbs tbrdcs dc lluv`b f lfs tbllcrcs dcoucifs.

Sk oucif quc, prfjbjlchcktc, sciu`râbpbrce`ckdf ck kucstrbs hcr`tn.

B ouibr.

:5

Ofbk Ircifr`«U`lvckt`k`ál Drbedbrickt±


26/40:4

Efh`s`õk dcLckiubs

¶]fr quà dfs àlgèfs y kf ukf sflf6

Ofsu Iõhcz «Clcdcr±

Nbec ukfs dèbs rce`j`hfs ukbllbhbdb dc ukb pcr`fd`stb dc LbUcxtb. Rucrèb irbjbr ukb pcqucòbenbrlb sfjrc lbs lckiubs àlgèbs dc Tfla`ck, dclb quc cxtrbcrèbk ukfs sciukdfs pbrb uk efrtcdc su kftè`crf dc g`k dc schbkb, dcdèbdf blbs lckiubs `kvcktbdbs. Bpbrtc dcl àlgèf, sc`kelu`rèb cl dftnrba` dc Oucif dc Trfkfs, clal`kifk dc Utbr Trca, cte. Hc fgrceè b csb enbrlb

y v`k`crfk b irbjbrlb b h` ebsb. Nfy, eubkdfcser`jf cstf, bÿk kf sc nb ch`t`df.

Guc ukb enbrlb `ktcrcsbktc, y hc n`zf irbe`beõhf lb prciuktb quc hâs vcecs hc rcp`t`õ(lf quc, sc vc, hâs eur`fs`dbd lc suse`tbjb) crb«¶]fr quà dfs àlgèfs y kf ukf sflf6 ¶]fr quàlckiubs àlgèbs y kf sflf àlgèf6±. P cs e`crtfquc vbr`bs pcrsfkbs t`ckck csb h`shb dudb, pfrlf quc hc iustbrèb bprfvcenbr cstb efluhkbpbrb nbjlbr dc cllf.

Lbs ̀ ktcke`fkcs dc Tfla`ck b lb nfrb dc ercbrlckiubs kukeb gucrfk prbihâtèbs (quc bliu`cklbs llcibrb b nbjlbr). Uc pucdck rcsuh`r cstbs`ktcke`fkcs ck dfs? cstàtèbs y l`kiüèstèbs.

Ck su cksbyf Sk vè`f scerctf, Tfla`cknbjlbjb dc lb ercbe`õk dc lckiubs efhf ukbrtc, prfp`f dc «dciustbdfrcs dc sbjfrcsl`kiüèstèfs±? ukb efkstruee`õk euyb`ktcke`õk cs lb dc prfpfre`fkbr plbecr ck lbefktchplbe`õk. Cstbs rbzfkcs gfkfcstàtèbsllcvbrfk b Tfla`ck b ercbr (y pcrgcee`fkbr) dfs`d`fhbs, jbsbdfs ck lbs dfs lckiubs „kbturblcs‐quc hâs sc bdceubjbk b sus iustfs cstàtèfs? clg`kàs (lckiub g`kfÿirèb dc rcsfkbke`b cspce`bl)y cl iblàs (lckiub eàltèb, huy ecrebkb b lbt`crrb prfp`b dc Tfla`ck). Dcl pr`hcrf suri`õ clquckyb, y dcl sciukdf cl s`kdbr`k.

]crf pfdrèb dce`rsc? ¶pfr quà kf ercõ dfs`d`fhbs tftblhcktc `kdcpckd`cktcs, s`kf quclfs n`zf cstbr rclbe`fkbdfs6 ]fr cl sciukdfhft`vf quc efhcktbjb. Tfla`ck, efhfl`kiü`stb, ckefktrbjb plbecr ck lb ercbe`õk dc

uk s`stchb dc rcilbs l`kiüèstèbs quc gfrhbrb uk`d`fhb. ]crf su cspce`bl`dbd crb lb l`kiüèstèbn`stõrèb, cl ebhj`f dc lfs `d`fhbs b trbvàs dclt`chpf. Bsè quc, ¶quà nbjèb hcofr quc ercbruk s`stchb dc rcilbs, kf s`hplchcktc cstâtèf(f, efhf dce`hfs lfs l`kiü`stbs, s`kerõkèf),s`kf d`kâhèf, n`stõrèf (d`berõkèf)6 ¶Ruànbjèb hcofr quc nbecr ebhj`br b csbs lckiubs btrbvàs dc lfs t`chpfs, llcibkdf g`kblhcktc b ukd`bs`stchb dc lckiubs quc nbjèb pbrt`df dc ukfrìck efhÿk (cl àlgèf pr`h`t`vf f prftfàlgèf)y quc sc rcefkfeèbk ck csc frìck efhf lckiubsncrhbkbs1 pcrf quc sc nbjèbk scpbrbdf lfsugè`cktc efhf pbrb kf scr `ktclì`jlcs cktrcsè ck bjsflutf6 Crb cl cqu`vblcktc b ercbr,pfkibhfs, kf sõlf cl ̀ d`fhb cspbòfl, s`kf tfdblb gbh`l`b dc lckiubs rfhbkecs, cvflue`fkbkdf,rbh`gèâkdfsc c `kgluyàkdfsc hutubhcktc bpbrt`r dcl lbtèk.

P cstf guc lf quc n`zf. Dfs ̀d`fhbs scpbrbdfs,cstàtèbhcktc huy d`st`ktfs (pcrf bhjfs dc suiustf), y rclbe`fkbdfs n`stõrèbhcktc. Ercõ,dcsdc lucif, ftrfs `d`fhbs kf rclbe`fkbdfsickàtèbhcktc efk cstfs (efhf cl anuzdul dclfs ckbkfs f cl bdukbèf dc Kÿhckfr), y csjfzõtrbzbs dc ftrbs rbhbs dcl ârjfl dc lckiubsàlgèbs (efhf cl bktìuf tclcr`k, cl vbkybr`k,dc sbjfr brebèf, f cl d`blcetf ―bktìubhcktc`d`fhb- dc lfs s`lvbkfs). P tfdf cstf lc s`rv`õpbrb ckr`qucecr cstb efkstruee`õk l`kiüèstèb,lb quc, ck pbrblclf, guc befhpbòbkdf dc ukhukdf ck cl quc cx`st`r, dc ukfs nbjlbktcsy dc ukbs lcyckdbs, quc lc nbk dftbdf dc lbr`quczb efk lb quc nfy efktchplbhfs cstbncrhfsb ercbe`õk l`kiüèstèb, llbhbdb pfr àl„ilfssfpfc`b‐, pfr lb quc tbk birbdce`dfs lccstbhfs.


27/40:3

Efh`s`õk dcHÿsèb y Jb`lcs

Rucdbdb dcl Irch`fdc Jbrdfs Crrbktcs

Cl pbsbdf hcs dc bjr`l cl Irch`f dcJbrdfs Crrbktcs, ukf dc lfs huenfsprfycetfs dc lb Efh`s`õk dc Hÿsèby Jb`lcs, rctfhõ ukb dc sus trbdè`fkcs hâseclcjrbdbs y fribk`zõ ukb qucdbdb ck lb qucsc rcuk`crfk hÿsèfs dc tfdfs lfs r`kefkcsdc Cspbòb. Cl luibr clci`df pbrb cstc hbikfbefktce`h`cktf guc Euckeb, dfkdc lfsbs`stcktcs v`v`crfk uk g`k dc schbkb rcplctfdc hÿsèb y gbktbsèb.

¶P quà cs ukb qucdbdb dc Jbrdfs6 ]frs` bliu`ck quc lcc cstf kf lfs efkfec bÿk, clIrch`f dc Jbrdfs Crrbktcs cs ukb `kè`bt`vbd`rì`db b tfdbs bqucllbs pcrsfkbs b qu`ckcslcs iustc Tfla`ck y quc scpbk tfebr eublqu`cr`kstruhcktf husèbl, yb scb b k`vcl bhbtcurf prfgcs`fkbl. Dènf Irch`f, b su vcz, scdcdèb b efhpbrt`r ebke`fkcs dcl ebke`fkcrfdc lb Ufe`cdbd Tfla`ck Cspbòflb f dc ftrbsgucktcs, bdbptbrlbs bl hukdf tfla`ck`bkf youktbrsc pbrb tfebr ck irupf, ck rcuk`fkcslfeblcs f ck lbs hcr`tn.

Dc cstc hfdf, b lf lbrif dcl sâjbdf 2: ycl dfh`kif 25 dc bjr`l, y fribk`zbdf pfr clNfibr dc Bilbrfk dcl sh`bl dc Eucrkbv`llb,lfs `ktcirbktcs dc cstb birupbe`õk husèbldc lb UTC sc efkircibrfk ck cl ebhp`kiEbrbvbk`ki (b tbk sflf fenf a`lõhctrfsdc Euckeb) pbrb rcckefktrbrsc, tfebrouktfs, pbsbrlf huy j`ck y, pfr supucstf,

prcpbrbr su betube`õk dc ebrb b lb Hcrctn@tn`lcdncllfkdá, quc cl sh`bl dc Cdncllfkdfribk`zbjb b pr`ke`p`fs dcl hcs dc hbyf. Ck

cstc sckt`df, cl Irch`f dc Jbrdfs Crrbktcscksbyõ uk bhplès`hf rcpcrtfr`f dc ebke`fkcsfrì`kblcs quc nbk sbj`df bdbptbr b lbpcrgcee`õk b lb fjrb dcl ]rfgcsfr.

Wblib dcstbebr, dcktrf dc su rcpcrtfr`f,tfkbdbs efhf Bilbrfkd , quc sbl`õ pujlèbdbck cl ÿlt`hf kÿhcrf dc cstb rcv`stb1 cl N`hkf

dc lfs Ebrtcrfs dc Ibhfjurif, quc tbhj`àksc d`f b efkfecr ck cstbs pâi`kbs1 cl Jr`kd`s

dc lb tbjcrkb, ukb ebke`õk frì`kbl dc lfsblhfiârbvcs1 B Wbl`kfr, efhpucstb pfr lfssfe`fs Efkrbdf Jbdckbs «L`kdckd`l±, OfsuàGbs «N`kudck± y Bdclb Tfrrcs «Hfrwck±jbsâkdfsc ck cl @ktf tnc wcst dc NfwbrdUnfrc1 Cl Ebh`kf sìuc y sìuc1 cl LbhcktfU`kdbr… P bliukbs hâs, qucdâkdfsc ck clt`ktcrf ftrbs tbk efkfe`dbs efhf H`styhfuktb`ks efld .

Guc uk g`k dc schbkb `ktcksf y llckfdc bkàedftbs, quc cl h`shf Irch`f cspcrb

pfdcr efktbrfs efk hâs dctbllc ck guturbscktrcibs dc lb Cstcl.

Bkdràs Hfyb «N`rukbtbk±


28/40:7

Efh`s`õk dcL`tcrbturb

Nu`db dc Fsi`l`btn Ofbk Ircifr`

«U`lvckt`k`ál Drbedbrickt±

Dcsp`crtf. Kf, blif hc dcsp`crtb. ]bsbkukfs sciukdfs nbstb quc rceucrdfdõkdc cstfy. Zu`kbs, csefhjrfs,ukb eùdbd ebèdb. Llciuà bycr b Fsi`l`btn. Lfssfldbdfs dc lb iubrkè`õk hc blfobrfk ck ukebhbstrf v`cof ck lf bltf dc ukb bktìub tfrrc.Fìf ir`tfs dc blbrhb y cl ru`df dc lfs sfldbdfsbl prcpbrbrsc pbrb lb jbtbllb. Zâp`dbhcktc hcpfkif lbs jftbs y hc boustf cl e`ktf efk lb cspbdb,efof h` zurrõk y hc lf euclif b lb cspbldb, j`ckg`rhc1 dcktrf cstâ h` h`s`õk.

Fìf ru`df dc jbtbllb ecreb, dchbs`bdf ecreb.Lfs frefs nbk sfrprckd`df b lfs sfldbdfs y nbkbvbkzbdf nbstb su rcgui`f. Dfy irbe`bs pfrblfobrhc ck lb tfrrc y kf efk lfs dchâs sfldbdfs,bnfrb sfrprckd`dfs. H` `kst`ktf hc ir`tb, qu`crfjbobr y uk`rhc b lb jbtbllb, pcrf tckif õrdckcs`hpfrtbktcs y dc hè dcpckdck hâs v`dbs dc lbsquc luenbk ck lb dcsbgfrtukbdb eùdbd.

Fìf b lfs frefs. Lb jbtbllb kf sciu`râ huenft`chpf, sfk dchbs`bdfs y kfsftrfs dchbs`bdfpfefs. Lb cseblcrb kf cs ukb fpe`õk, kf tbrdbrâkck suj`r ck trfpcl pfr bnè. Tckif ftrb sbl`db.]fr sucrtc cstud`à cl luibr bktcs dc h` jrcvc ypcrturjbdf dcsebksf. ]fr lb vcktbkb sc pucdcllcibr b ukb scee`õk dc hurbllb, efk sucrtc, dcbllè pfdrà sbltbr nbe`b lbs ebllcs hâs cstrcenbs dclb eùdbd quc dcschjfebk ecreb dc lfs cstbjlfs.Cspcrf quc h` ebjbllf sìb bllè.

Hc ckebrbhf pfr lb vcktbkb byudâkdfhc dclbs p`cdrbs sbl`cktcs dc lb pbrcd1 cstâ bltb pcrfkf `kblebkzbjlc. Ck cl blgà`zbr hc cqu`l`jrf, nbyuk pcqucòf sbltf nbstb lb hurbllb. Efhprucjfdc kucvf quc h` zurrõk cstà j`ck suoctf, hcjblbkecf y sbltf. Ebìf efk bi`l`dbd, rfdbkdfsfjrc h` nfhjrf. Pb nc sbl`df, oustf b t`chpf. Blf lcofs fìf b lfs frefs suj`r.

Zcefrrf lfs rcstfs dcl hurf bibenbdf, cks`lcke`f. Blebkzf lfs eucrpfs dc dfs dc lfsbrqucrfs bpfstbdfs bllè. ]ckbenfs kcirfs y tfsefssblck dc sus cspbldbs, k` s`qu`crb nbk pfd`dfefktcstbr bl ckchìf. Efof ukf dc sus brefs yukb blobjb, ck s`lcke`f lcs dfy lbs irbe`bs b lfsdfs y lcs e`crrf lfs fofs. Cspcrf quc sus eucrpfspucdbk vflvcr efk lfs suyfs prfktf. Ck pfefspbsfs blebkzf h` dcst`kf. Fjscrvf. Nby uk frefck cl ebllcoõk, pbrcec quc rci`strb lfs rcstfs dcftrf sfldbdf. Hc db lb cspbldb, su pr`hcr crrfr.Kf llcvb ebsef, su sciukdf y ÿlt`hf crrfr. Efkeu`dbdf pfkif ukb glcenb ck lb eucrdb, tcksf clbref y d`spbrf. Cl fref ebc, ukb hucrtc s`lcke`fsb,ukb vckibkzb oustb.

Jbof y efrrf dc sfhjrb ck sfhjrb, hc csefkdfdc ukb pbrt`db quc hbrenb ru`dfsbhcktc. I`rf lbsebllcs efk prcebue`õk, cseuenbkdf, btcktf b ebdbfref quc pucdb sbl`rhc bl pbsf. Ck pfefs h`kutfsvcf cl cstbjlf. ]fr sucrtc lfs frefs nbk cktrbdf pfrftrf lbdf y buk cstâk lfs ebjbllfs. ]crf kf cstâksflfs, ukb pbrcob nb s`df ckv`bdb pbrb cspbktbrb lfs ebjbllfs. Dcjf scr râp`df, h` ebjbllf csvbl`cktc, uk hcbrb dc Zfnbk, uk efhpbòcrf g`cl

quc llcvb efkhìf huenfs bòfs. W`ckck dc ebrb,efk lfs yclhfs pucstfs. Kf tckif huenf t`chpf,dcjf scr râp`df. D`spbrf bl pr`hcrf, tckif ukjuck jlbkef y bÿk kf hc nb v`stf, be`crtf ck suibribktb y ebc. Kf tckif t`chpf pbrb ftrb glcenb,su pbrcob hc nb v`stf y sc bjblbkzb efktrb h`. Lct`rf cl bref, kf sc lf cspcrb y sc tbhjblcb, hcdb t`chpf b dcsckvb`kbr lb cspbdb y pfkcrhcck pfsè`õk. Csqu`vf su pr`hcr tbof, cs râp`df yebs` kf pucdf dcsv`br su sìu`cktc btbquc. Kf hcdb eubrtcl, cs g`crf y gucrtc, pcrf cstâ ebksbdf. Bprfvcenf csf, oucif efk àl, cstfebdbs râp`dbsefhf ukb bjcob efktrb uk fsf, vfy pckctrbkdfsu iubrd`b y àl vb pcrd`ckdf `ktcks`dbd. Tckifquc bebjbr efk àl bktcs dc quc bliukf hâs sc ukbb lb jbtbllb blcrtbdf pfr cl ru`df. Btbef y qucdfbpbrcktchcktc dcscqu`l`jrbdf. Kf sc db eucktbdc h` bhbif, uk i`rf râp`df y lb ÿlt`hb cstfebdbbebjb efk àl. Hc bsciurf dc quc cstâ hucrtf,l`hp`f h` cspbdb y efrrf bl cstbjlf. Lfs ebjbllfscstâk kcrv`fsfs, bsustbdfs, cl hfzf dc cstbjlfsi`hftcb ck uk r`keõk. Lc ir`tf pbrb sbebrlf dc sucstbdf dc tcrrfr, pbrcec quc guke`fkb y sc pfkc ckhbrenb. Cks`llf h` g`cl ebjbllf, sbjc lf quc pbsb,cstâ l`stf pbrb efrrcr sciurf y g`rhc, hc s`cktffriullfsf dc h` efhpbòcrf. Hfktf h`cktrbs clhfzf bebjb dc prcpbrbr lfs ebjbllfs. Lc befkscof

quc kf cspcrc huenf, s` ck ukfs h`kutfs kfllcibk lfs sfldbdfs kf vckdrâk.

Ebjblif râp`dbhcktc nbeèb lb sbl`db dc lbeùdbd, lbs ru`kbs sc d`guh`kbk b h` blrcdcdfr,kf pfdchfs pcrh`t`rkfs jbobr cl r`thf. Lfs frefsnbk usbdf uk v`cof ebrrf pbrb tbpbr lb eùdbd,pcrf bÿk kf nbk tck`df t`chpf dc prcpbrbr ukbhcofr jbrrèbdb. Cspflcf b h` ebjbllf y sbltb pfruk nucef dc lb `hprfv`sbdb jbrrcrb bktc lfs fofsdc lfs cstupcgbetfs bsbltbktcs quc kf bebjbk dccktckdcr quà pbsb. Sk fref hâs irbkdc lcs ir`tbblif pcrf yb cs dchbs`bdf tbrdc, hc blcof. Fìf cl

s`ljbr dc lbs glcenbs frebs, pcrf gbllbk pfr huenf.Nc sbl`df. ]rfktf llcibrà b Hukdjurif y

pfdrà cktrcibr h` hcksboc, euhpl`rà, ukb vczhâs, h` h`s`õk.


29/40

Kcecs`tbs?

• ]bl`tf dc hbdcrb s`k eflfr, f dc eflfrcselbr`tfs.

• Lâpècs dc eflfrcs (hâs rcefhckdbjlcs quclfs rftulbdfrcs pbrb quc kf sc cxt`ckdb lbt`ktb)

• @hprcs`õk dcl rfstrf dc uk pcrsfkboc quctc iustc

• ]cibhcktf y tòcrbs

• @hbi`kbe`õk y nuhfr.

Wbhfs b ercbr kucstrf prfp`fsupcrnàrfc dc lb T`crrb Hcd`b,nbe`ckdf uk «erfssfvcr± huyd`vcrt`df. Ck cstc ebsf nc clci`df b Uupcrhbky Ibkdblg, pcrf pucdcs nbecr eublqu`crhczelb quc dcsccs? I`hl` efk Nula, J`ljf efkJbthbk...

]`ktb ck lèkcbs jâsèbs cl uk`gfrhc dc tusupcrnàrfc clci`df ck cl pbl`tf efk lfs lâpècsdc eflfrcs, dcobkdf uk cspbe`f cl lb pbrtcsupcr`fr.

Ck

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STE Revista Estel 081 Primavera 2014